Full text of "New Catholic World"

Google 



This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project 
to make the world's books discoverable online. 

It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject 
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books 
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. 

Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the 
publisher to a library and finally to you. 

Usage guidelines 

Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the 
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to 
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. 

We also ask that you: 

+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for 
personal, non-commercial purposes. 

+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine 
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the 
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. 

+ Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find 
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. 

+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume thai just 
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other 
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of 
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner 
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. 

About Google Book Search 

Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers 
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web 



at http : / /books ■ qooqle . com/ 






CATHOLIC WORLD. 



MONTHLY MAGAZINE 



OF 



General Literature and SHence. 



^i 



VOL. XVII. 
APRIL, 1873, TO SEPTEMBER, 1873. 



NEW YORK: 
THE CATHOLIC PUBLICATION HOUSE, 

9 Warren Street. 

1873- 



660bb5 



CONTENTS. 



* Abraham " — " Abron M — " Auburn," 334 
Abuse of Diplomatic Authority, An, 130 
Antiquities of the Law, *a 
Appeal to Working-men, 75s 

Art, Necessity wertus, 558 

Art Pilgrimage through Rome, An, 80S 

Bolanden's The Russian Idea, aj, 161 
Bolanden's The Trowel or the Cross, 308, 473 
Bread- Winner. Woman as a, 113 
Brittany: Its People and Its Poems, 35a. 537 
Brute, Memoirs 0/ the Rt. Rev. S, (».. 711 

- Casgnrn's The Canadian Pioneers, 687 

Cugrain'i Picture of the Riviere Ouelle, X03 

Chapman's The Evolution of Life, 146 

Charleroix, Shea's, 731 

Ckunw, Public, 1 

Chants, I14 

Chares and State in Germany, 513 

Cirilimion ? What ia, 486 

Coociliar Decrees on the Holy Scriptures, 195 

Country Life in England, 319 

Darwinism, More about, 64 z 

Dick Cranstone. 30a 

Dipkmatic Authority, An Abnse of, 130 

Dooesiic Festivities, English, 630 

Doboia' Madame Agnes, 78, 18a, 330, 446, 591,731 

July Marriage. 839 

Kanaiion, Home, 91 

fnpire. Toe, 606 

jnjland. Country Life in, 319 

gnglish Domestic Festivities, 6jo 

Eranjann-Chatr'ian, Mme. Jeannette's Pipers, 

. S« 

'"or Rectified, An, 144 
Eteoina; at Cbamblay, An, 765 
Etolution of Life, The, 145 

pta's Myths and Myth-Makers. so9 

'ooiaineblcau. 341, 38a 

'« Better— For Worse, S57, 408 

Jjtnnany. Church and State In, 513 
vnpcsuid Thorns, 36a, 498, 633,79a 

Jj°»ni, ISO 

■{My Scriptures, Concilia/ Decrees on the, 195 
none Education, 91 

lodiuaof Ysleta, The, 43a 

S^roae Savonarola, 389. 433, 377 
emits in Paris. The, 701 
ot » Baptist de Rossi, and hit Archxologlcal 
, Works. 37a 
Joseph u, Egypt, a Type of Christ, 77 



Ko- 



»<f Pitt, 345 



Lace, Something about, 56 
Laughing Dick Cranstone, 39a 
Law, Antiquities of the, 69 
Legend of S. Christopher, A, 378 
Legend of S. Martin, A, 137 
Lite, The Evolution of, 145 

Madame Agnes, 78, 183, 330, 446, 59T, 73s 
Madame Jeannette s Papers, 566 
Marriage, Early, 830 
Memoirs of a Good French Priest, 711 
Middlemarch and Fleurange, 775 
More about Darwinism. 641 
My Cousin's Introduction, 171 
Myths snd Myth-Mongers, 309 

Necessity vtrtiu Art, 558 

Palais Royal, The, 113 

Paris, The Jesuits in, jot 

Peace, 157 

People and Poems of Brittany, 353, 537 

Philosophical Terminology, 463 

Picture of the Riviere Ouelle, The, 103 

Poet and Martyr, 40 

Political Principle for the Social Restoration of 

France, The, 348 
Present Greatness of the Papacy, The, 400 
Public Charities, 1 

Ramlere's The Political Principle of the Social 

Restoration of France, 348 
Records of a Ruin, The, 113 
Reminiscence of San Marco, A, 707 
Rome, An Art Pilgrimage through. 808 
Rossi, John Baptist de, and his Archaeological 

Works, 373 
Russian Idea, The, 37, 161 

Sales, S. Francis de, 171 
San Marco : A Reminiscence, 707 
Savonarola, Jerome. 389, 433, 577 
Scholars in VtikaiitU, 844 
Shakespearian Excursus, A, 334 
Shea's Charlevoix, 731 
Something about Lace, 56 
Southwell. F. Robert, 40 
Stories of Two Worlds, The, 775 

Terminology. Philosophical, 463 
Travellers and Travelling, 676, 8as 
Trowel or the Cross, The, 308, 473 

Unity, 307 

WbatisClviliintlon?486 
Woman as a Bread-Winner, saj 
Working-men, Appeal to, 751 

Ysleta, The Indians of, 43a 



*»fel and the Child, The, 570 
B * , ti qui Lugent, 371 
Cerate's Chlldhoode, 47s 
{*"*'« Purgatorio, 34, 158, 304 

S"» Carol. A, 407 
■*•« of God, 710 



POETRY. 

Music, 807 



Sonnet: The Poetry of the Future, 399 
Sonnet : To the Pillar at S. Paul a, Rome, 59" 
Sonnet: To the Ruins of Emanla, 750 

Temple, The, 764 
To a Child, 436 
To a Friend. 407 
To be Forgiven, 8ax 
To the Sacred Heart, 536 

Virgin Mary, The, to Christ an the Crosse, » 



H 



Contents. 



NEW PUBLICATIONS. 



Aosniitae. S., Harmony af lie KvatgrUv 

Aex' n the TrMif, tjj 

AlcoHa AaiU J"'» Strap-Hook, •■■ 
Amulet, Tbt, j; j 

U«K»hi«l'> Tirethold of lie Catholic Clutch, 

Rittmio'i lerae ot Arror.r ,-•. «tj 

ISe K in» la 1'r -.mute cl 1 taflltliBllltC Jet Sen- 

Botai .- 1 .aioniata, and An;cli, 

Krady't Irish Reformatio. 

i ilie Irlih Church. 

i«i 
an Schuoh during the 
W«l 
Buiie'i Lactam and Sermon*. 718 

«,»»♦ 

• 1 the Holy Ka«:j-,,i| 
' 00c, »4o 
flic Amnlet, 

■an s Dauglit 
Cnntlaucc ami Mm. 

DeafM 
Dereic'i M 

Dlrrcl . 5;* 

'J, *'l 

Donix: «•( SoIllwJc. »w> 

Erucliff Hall, its 

Elcm. : :-»&y, 417 

EHoxin'i Azajlicau Oi diaalloca. 8j6 

miou. a» 

Fiihcmau'* Daughter. T! 

Kcmobya CiiKbiia of t be Holy Roaary, 4*6 

Oaan Lhe Croat io the XIXUi Cen- 

in . | jS 
■ 
mUin IImwo vf OtierAmmcrr: «u. »SS 

llare'a McmoraU of aOuict Life. 411 



'"•***. 

MTaBaxii 

uu the Love of Cod, A. 



Hundred MeVl 
*M 

tunc I, <it 

;nd«) School Library, 430 
rtrtnUa da Veroeevil, 4)0 

Kkkfaad cr.Tbe,4J0 

Labouiarc'* Poodle Prln< 

1 lie Tongue, ft* 
tie Valiant Woman. ftf 
id Lcttmol a s.sler of Charity, 14a 



Vcnard, »«t 
Limrrirk. Veteran 
I.unl'tOld Now ta^iand Train, :» 

1 SoMlcra, 8C0 
> lADflYlnff u - 
Marsh. I- Chun n Defence, eto 

•nl 

»•:• Thounod Miles on Hon* 
»96 

vValburcc Sjj 
'erpctua, s;$ 
r». 

i oultc LaCeau, 574 
Monro's Lccluie* on Old Testament History, 
M 

■w England Trails, jeo 
■ 
Palma'a Particular Kianicn, two 

pert Aubrev . 

,mr I j. el I'lntjiiUiliiiiie dea Sourerainea 
I 
Proceedings ..i :ii- Convi n:mncf the Irish Ca- 
tholic Bent n, 187 

Progtcsrsionu.'.*, The, and Angela, »3i 

£?uinion'aTb« Wonry God 

Reterae of the Medal, The, aU 

, Ormmnc'i Ohio « I'm. *fj 

Ilie Sundays aud Festival* of tha 

glen of th* Croat In I I entury.^s.) 

Snell's lubelte do Verncuil, 430 
Surur KuceYie. 141 

Sonthv M, ■-• 

Slewarl'a Limerick Vetera;. 

vS« liinl Library. 430 
Swcenev's Scruiuiia, 4a! 

Taylor'* l.jrt. «< ■ 

The baud's The Irlah Race, ajt. J18 

Thompson's Hawihorridcan. 4» 

Id uf the Catholic Chinch, jy» 

TITO Thousand Mile* on Horseback. iE« 

m Saeerdoialc, 574 
Viiuttc.Lou.te Latcau, A 

Walurrh ind llurr, Doonlne of Hell. •?■ 

wild rin» 

Wllfulneta. ,j ( 



rrl, A. elc , 57» 
'M>t.4jr. 5T3 



Wisemta's Lecture* 00 Lhe Church, m 



**<m 






CATHOLIC WORLD. 



VOL. XVII., No. 97.— APRIL, 1873. 



PUBLIC CHARITIES. 



Modern civilization has no higher 
or more important question to deal 
with than that of ameliorating the 
condition of the poor, the unfortu- 
nate, the ignorant, and the vicious. 
Governments are and can be engaged 
in no more appalling work than that 
of legislating wisely in regard to these 
classes, and in seeing that not only 
are their inevitable wants provided 
for and the public interests protected, 
but also that their rights are secured 
in (act as well as in theory, and that 
the instruments employed in these 
exalted spheres of public adminis- 
tration are suited to their purpose, 
and are guarded against degenerat- 
ing from means of amelioration into 
agencies of oppression, cruelty, and 
injustice 

There are two chief motives which 
lead to the care and provision for the 
unfortunate members of the social 
body— charity on the one side, and 
philanthropy on the other. Religion 
inspires every motive for this great 
and holy work, and of all the virtues 
which religion inspires, charity is the 



highest, purest, and best Charity is 
the love of God, and of man for God's 
sake. That God of charity has re- 
vealed to us that, of faith, hope, and 
charity, the greatest is charity ; that he 
that giveth to the poor lendeth to the 
Lord; that he who performs works 
of charity to the least of the human 
race performs them ipso facto to the 
Lord, creator and ruler of the uni- 
verse ; and that the eternal doom of 
every human being at the last dread 
day will be decided by this great test 
Christianity itself, like her divine 
founder, is charity. The church of 
God, like her Lord and Spouse, is 
charity. She is imbued with and re- 
flects his divine essence, which is 
charity. Charity arises from no sta- 
tute or arbitrary decree, which might 
or might not be made according to 
the option of the legislator ; it is the 
essence and motive of all good. It 
exists in the very nature of things. 
And as the love of God by man is 
the first and necessary relation of the 
creature to the Creator, and as our 
fellow-creatures exist from God, and 



Raided ■ccordlnf; to Act of Congren, In the yemr 1B73, by Rev. I. T. Hiacix, la the Office of 
the Librarian of Congrets, « i Washington, D. C. 



Public Charities. 



in and by him, it is only through God 
and in him that we love them. Thus 
charity is no human sentiment or af- 

.11, like philanthropy or |hc Datu- 
ra] love of our neighbor and brother; 
..I virtue. springing 
from God, and sustained by bis grace. 
The man who does not love his neigh- 
bor cannot love God, but rejects his 
love ami violates the fust law of his 

-;. Every word and act of our 

e Saviour, while engaged on earth 
in establishing his church, proves this, 
if there be need of external proof. 
Even after his work on earth was 
done, and he had ascended to his 
Father, he speaks to n through the 
mouth of S. J'aul : " If I speak with 
the tongues of men and angels, and 
have not charily, I am become as 
sounding brass and a tinkling cyml 

if I have prophecy, and know 

all ii i] all knowledge, and 

have all faith, so I could remove 
mountains, and have not d 
am nothing. And if I should distri- 
bute all my goods to feed the poor, 
and should give my body to be 
amity, it pro- 
litctli me nothing."' 

ntbropy, on the other 
is ti ! man for the sake of 

man ; in other words, hununilarian- 
ism. It is a human affection spring- 
ing from natural motives. To ill 
ate human sufferings, and promote 
human pleasures and eoj . are 

its aims. Its object is the body ra- 
ther than the soul, earth rather than 
heaven, time rather than eternity. 
[ts motive power I feel* 

rather than reason or religion. It 
is a sensitiveness to all human suffer- 
ing, bee:'.. ing or pain is re- 
pulsive to human nature. I'lidan- 
thropy is a virtue in tiie natural order, 
springing from human motives, and 
not a supernatural virtue springing 

• i < 



from religious motives and 

I vine grace. Philantt 
good in itself, for our human natt 

still remains; nature anil grace 
not antagonistic, and may co-cxis 
nature is dependent on grace to ra 
it to the supernatural state and tra 
form it into charity. Charity indue 
philanthropy, as the greater include 
the lesser. Philanthropy 
charity is earthly in Its aims, fr< 
qucntly rash and sometimes unjust : 
its measures, tyrannical in the exe 
cue of power, and not unfrei]uent 
barren in its results. 

Now, the church and the state 
the organized representatives of th« 
two virtue^, the divine and the hums 
The church is a divine I. 
cultivates the divine vittuc of charit 
the state is a human kingdom, an 
ites the human virtue of phB 
nnthropy. The church is a supernat 
ml body, and practises the IUJK 
natural virtue of charity; the sta 
. in the natural order, and pra 
the natural sentiment ofphSl 
thropy. The church is of BCBl 
and her greatest jewel, charity, is i 
heaven ; tin- state is of earth, and t!' 
greatest of her merits is philanthrof 

a is of earthly birth. Thcchii 
is eternal, so is charity; the state 
temporal, as is philanthropy. Tl 

church is of God, Cod is charity, : 
the drttrch b I h irity | the state is< 

!:; philanthropy. The 
wards of the one arc eternal ; of 
other, temporal. Charity is a Chr 
tian virtue, and can violate no otfc 

:ian virtue in adopting her : 
sures; she cannot make the end ju 
lify the means; but philanthropy is 
human virtue, and ttOpS at no m< 
necessary to attain its end. Abu 
are not necessarily the results 
philanthropy, for philanthropy, 
cd by even human reason, is 
pablc of respecting the rights 
God and men, and. when guid 



Public Char: 



mural grace, is exalt* 
p 

we have 

bit article are 

which arc either wholly 
jiroperty, ami such as, though 

thcr by private ind 

or by incorporated boards of 

managers, yet receive large 

their 

:•%, or current sup- 

, and thus become, to that ex : 

. and as such liable 
i be inquired into and criticised by 
tie Base and ; ; who pay the 

ins thus expend* d. 

itate in our lime* and 
wmt every country undertakes the 
watrcM and custody of the persons 
>u, lunatics, drunkards, and 
Akt persons of unsound mind, for 
tafcty; of paup- :'ieir 

:; a:. -.tipro- 

natural guar 
•.heir education, rcfonua- 
, and maintenance. It i» not for 
I ■ 
cc in any country 

reeds, to assume the place of 

rand »nnot un- 

I to educate without assuming 

fface of teacher, and rti 

k state undertake the work of 

km without u i.esa- 

fancti 

Oar faith, our . 1 our 

IB ccs 

not to the state, but to the 

lOf of 

• o tim« :n l. 
;>cna of kstua „ 

I v ., Uk 6„m.-:. .1 cWMW CMC*. 

■ CUinc S-i i itccfotu 
' «s hliMcr. 

■Mil 

t f»f hive 

■ ka kcnui*. in tccotdkncc «-.ih 
r» iU C»U. 

tsi If tk/tt r»f- 

•J* |iur|«n> 

U,c betit jKr-a>pluS<d. 



church. The state can establish 
s of restraint and punishment, 
and support and maintain them, 
both for the protection of the pul 
for the safety of the individuals them- 
scl\ ■ of philan- 

thropy. Having done this, it is the 

of the state to leave free 
consciences of its wards and prison- 
and to give every facility to the 
ministers of every church and reli- 
gious persuasion to have free and un- 
restricted access to the children and 
priv "ging to those respec- 

tive churches or persuasions. We 
claim this for ourselves as ( 
and we leave the sects, the- Jens, and 
every other society of religionists to 
claim the RUM fet tlu-niselves. We 
are willing to make common cause 
with tliem for the attainment of our 
rights. That it is a charity for 
state, or, more correctly speaking, a 
work of humanity, to BttU 

ion for those 
tun.--.tc members of society 1 
their own fault, by the I 
tation of Providence, or by misfor- 
tune, are unable to lake care of 
thcmsclvi .•::■:! tn 

deny at present, th 

iigious di 
of ll i-Ui.il. and, therefore, 

comes within the pi< the 

church ; and we know how well the 
chun I duty before 

the doing it 

Yet we do not deny to 
sects, to t»te, 

the right to perform good deeds and 
to practise the broadest philanthro- 
py, ma to be 
of the accepted work-; of govern* 
it We then 'i't such 
institution:: and works as we find 
them, and we will view them in 
the it in which our fellow- 
citizens generally regard them. As 
citizens, as Americans, we fed the 
same interest in them, experience the 



Jhi/ic Cluirities. 



same pride in them, and, as a ques- 
tion of property and public right, n 
bold them as a common heritage, in 
which we have the same interest and 
authority as our fellow-citizen*. We 
are, therefore, ec|ually interested ia 
their proper management and good 
government, and nc yield to none in 
our desire to promote their prosperity 

success. There is no pari 
public administration more sacred or 
important, no function of the state so 
momentous, no public responsibility 
so awful, as this. Accepting them, as 
we do, as a part of our common 
petty and united work, we shrink 
not from any effort for their good 
government and success, and, if need 
be, for their improvement, rcforma- 
, and correction. WbcO properly 
conducted, we have nothing but 

t lot them ; and if, on the other 
hand, they are mismanaged, the 
funds extravagantly applied ; if they 
are made the .ts of cruelty, 

: , or despotism; if in (hi 
or any of them religious liberty is 
violated, and systems of proselytizing 
arc carried on against Catholic chil- 
dren, oc the children of the sect*, or 
those of the Jewish Church, wa as 
Catholics and as American cili. 
will speak out freely and boldly in 
denouncing them. Wc arc not 
qualified from doing this, cither as 
citizens ot Catholics; not as citizens, 
because they belong to us as much 
as to other citizens; our money is 
there with that oi others; and the 
Constitution gives us liberty of 
spec- s and gu 

antees to us - i to assemble 

and petition for the redress of gi 
anccs";* not as Catholic*, foi 
have ia such the experience of eight- 
teen hundred years of the 
alted works of charily ; and 
wc claim for ourselves no special 

• O m UluU im r/l'. s., Art. i. or Amendment*. 



privilege over others, but arc willir. 
to concede to all what we claim ; 
ourselves. No clamor will de 

m the exercise of this i 
the performance of this du 
And whilst we cannot yield 
rights to any one sect of Prote 
ism, wc arc equally deter 
while respecting the rights of 
Protestants, not to yield our cor 

ial rfghtl to all the sects of i 
testantism combined under the far. 
and deceptive name of unsectaxij 

Wc do not believe in rx-f 
and sham investigations of pub 
abuses in respect to public instil 

. and «e do not belong to. 

tcrmincd not to be deluded i 

whitewashing committees of inve 

u and amiable grand june 

ire ever ready to praise, yet 

shrink not from administering 

sure. 

The theory upon which gnvc 

1 institutions are founded, ar 

established by private cirixe 

[da are assisted is, that of pt 
tecting society from a large, idle, \^ 
norant, vicious population, by 
ng the OK 

relief and social improvement an 

> of these classes, so as 

them to the age of self 

in the case of children, to puml 

criminals, reiic Or, and thu 

gradually return them all to SOCk 

;htened, honesi 
trious, and thrifty citizens. For tli 
purposes u 1 on 

are erected at the public expees 
and such institutions are annuall 
maintained or aided at encrmou 
cost to the people. In our ' 
bcr, 187a, number, while admittin 
and praising the philanthropic modi 
h sustains then institutions, 
rded them "as really nil 
of the worst kind, so far as'*. 

ren ar:: concerned, on accoe 



tblic C liar i: its. 



cir proselytizing character. 

, we said, "in \-. 
igs they violate the rights both 
I parents and children, and ire have 
that these poor children are 
•old at the West, both by 
sale and by auction. The 
abuses existing in some <.t.itc 
are patlly known to the 
le, and vee have the means of 
Mtioking even worse thin 

which have recently been eat- 
■ed in the public papers." It is 
to | the success of 

institutions as ameliorating or 
agents, for our public 
s loa< . day with cvi- 

- increase of 
arul | 

The public are naturally 
in tattering that such institu- 
| upon which so much treasure 
\ been spent, are failures. Such a 
i is an unpalatable one ; it is 
»g to our pride, an 
.e boasted progress of the 
iry. It crushes our sclf- 
to know that, of all places 
ig correction, on Roosts of 
I :rrection most; and 
tin. rf all institutions calling for the 
■km hand uf reform, there ore 
Aal seed so much reformation as 
Mr schools of reform. A re 
psper called 71 

ea strong proof of its d 
bar* the jvublic eyes opened to 
■palatable truths, and we 
»e should hate returned 
i but for a ra- 
c&sfogenuouft article in that 
i itched in terms nol 

I de- 

actice or 

union, 

g us to expose 

' 

icss to b> 

Hick charges, to frequently 



made in Roman Catholic journals, 
have already received thorough in- 
i lion and perfect refutation." 
We complain that our Catholic 
children \n institutions which are 
supported in whole or in part by pub- 
lic funds— funds, therefore, in v. . 
we bare ■ . Dromon property with 
our fellow-citizens — instead of being 
allowed the instruction and practice 
of their Catholic religion, are taw 

08, most offen- 
sive form, and are thus exposed to the 
almost certain loss of their faith. The 
upon which we base the charge 
have never been denied, but, on the 
contrary, they a admitted. 

announced. Protestants deny thai 
they proselytize Cathott D so 

as to make them members of any 
.active sect, but they admit that 
Catholic teaching and practices are 
rigidly excluded, and yet that the 
Irco are taught a certain religion. 
Is it not evident tli religious 

s any result, it is 
to make these children cease to be 
Catholics, to become non-Cathoi 
to take the Hible as their only rule 
of faith, tu reject the infallible teach- 
ings of their own church, and to 
cept the I >f the institutions 

as all thai ■ for them to 

v ? 'l'lii- ■ of the 

kind ; our children are 
cither made liberal C/iristians, or arc 
placed i: -vi- 

•.ably lead to their joining one or 
other of I 

lestantism or lose all religion what- 
ever. Wherever a chaplain is 
I lived, he is cither ■ fcfetboi 
minister, such a*; Rev. Mr. Pierce in 
the New York House of RetngQ 
he is a lolian, or 

other sectarian Minister. In many 
of these institutions, the religious in- 
tction is under the direction of & 
i lent, as in the Provi- 
de School of Reform. And here 



Public Char. 



we l*;; to give a piece of tcstim 

show .ueoinpctcnt laymen arc 

ictkm in public rc- 

ics, Tin- witnea under i \- 

mUoo wu M the lime one of the 

trustees of the Providence Reform 

School: 

away? 

»oe book of a (dig 

t*tr. ' ii.Ie ; I Rive that to 

i i ! nee of considerable 

rcllgl r was ex i 

among the giiis t| the gills 

were holding among themsc 
thejr called pr.. 

man having i'ai eknr. xer. 

tins i/thi ke /.-.'. am- 

itiil tit dn-Jtiiwi in ndtaUt uvn/,-. 

: ; ous liberty is openly 
positively denied in the New York 
use of Refuge, as will be seen 

. their 0* 
Committee 10 the Managers of the 
House of Refuge," 1S71; 
which it appears, >t pp. it, that 
the religion 1 ts in 

riatkn ironhip in simple 1 
and Gospel lessons in Sunday- 
schools," and that the " inmates are 

<^ht into the mm for pub- 

lic tror>.\ I'lat •■ the whole 

nen of t' 
course 1 1'." . iscd 

led with careful attention to 
the 

submitted to tie central ef l 
i>r their frifiuft." As Americans wc 
have been taught from our Infancy 
that liberty of conscience is the dc 

the Amen ten. 

We learned in o: it college days 
even u t bur 

rcspectii ibrishment of a 

Of prohibiting the free cxer- 

ihercof"; but wc now learn that 



what the highest legislative power 
the nation, and what no Stat 
laturc, can do. the managers of 
New York House of Refuge have 
done and are now doing: they 
have made a law respecting the es»| 
tablishmcnt of a re 
House of Refuge, a public institution 
— a reb'giori ley have called 

varioi: ■'.: ■■ > impje 

1 .ospcl lessons," ' : Unse. 
nanism," " The Broad Principles 
Christianity" — and i the 

free cv any otln 

. were uni 
this worship and in these principles, 
have Jevu no rights 

the Constitution ? As citizens of 
State of New I have leal 

the state constitution and 
of Rights •' that the free a 
c of religious proi 

uination 
preference shall 
all in 

his Commentaries en Amtriutn /tftcyj 
says that a tht fret exercise and en. 
joyment of religious profession and 1 ] 
worship may be cor ..s on«j 

of the absolute rights oj ■ 

CO 

tutioi \ to tlicin 

law."* And Story, in his Cemm, 

m t&t Constitution, maintains in 
equally strong terms " the freedou 
.blic worship according to 
a of one's conscience. "t 
But wearenow told by tl>' 
of the House of Refuge that " dc 
quency has, under the law, work 
some forfeiture of rights, and 

her the delinquents nor tli 
friends for them c.in ji 

ie cou 
I freedom with the 1 
the community who h: 
■ted the Iaw."J Such was 

• JBraf, II. **. 

«*t. 
rrt r/Sfttinl CUnmHUt, p. tj. 



Public Charities. 



a gi»cn by American cltii 

ng the Boan: gcrs 

committee of America i 
sent by ike Catholic Union to 
sy of conscience and 
of rdigious worship 
children in liie Rdu; 
iswct means that the 
children in the House of Refuge arc 
aot a portion of * - that re- 

Sspoos freedom is one of the rights 
fcwil delinquency, or the 

Board of ire proclaimed 

selves gi : grossest vio- 

Ulco of the rights of man and 

■ c these gentlemen 
Either the first or the 
! of these alternatives ; indeed, 
airy alcv.»i say in terms that a coin- 
tskaral to the House of Rn 
•arks a foririture of that religious 
m:ccd to all mankind. 

. Icr the law sus- 
rtghts of • 

to he office or . 

a print but it docs net 

*xk even a forfeiture of pr 
except in the cue of an outlawry 
se are all the for- 
ot am wot I est crimes 

known v. Religion is not 

crime can forfeit it ; 
. n earth can eating i 
[be greatest of public m 

traitor, enjoy 
on 
whose only offence is poverty 

t? In the 
names of Liberty and Religion, 
i; this to stand 

.11 largely 

OppOT' 

•r-a its Nineteenth Annual R 

:oshcl- 

•LMes the ( 



labor incessantly to give them the 
•/ moral i and reli- 
&" 1 " (P- 5)- Alluding to the JtalUm 
School, No. 44 Franklin Street, the 
rep*. ::er/j the 

met, 

amvertedSxaa useful 

la of this unfortunat With 

such a programme of unsccurian 
conveni' :g feature 

whi; [ficrcoUsm in relij 

the immediate forerunner of infidelity 
and agrarianism, it is no wondet that 
the report immci 
" So much so, indeed, that •■• 

•:it," that same godlesa gov- 
euro ociously wag- 

mi on Cathol . taken a 

deep intc ion" (p. 

sS). 

It is only necessary to read these 

reports to be convinced that the sys- 

eithcr leads to naJ the 

religion of v, and 

li of 
Protestant sectarianism. The system 
of ' on" pursued by such 

unions, by which children are 

: out West and placed with any- 
body and everybody who will take 
them, completes the work commenced 
in the F.abt. On pages 54-56 of 
the report last quoted is related 
the case of a youtli .art, 

who '• c.-.r.nnt | entS with 

any certainly at all " ; it matters nol 
Ibejr were of, the son is 
now fntaring for tkt ministry of one 
of the sects. 'tes 

c;ise in reference to another 
boy "who was sent out West.'' It 
is certaiii I is no! prepar.ng for 

the Cath res- 

sions of a miracle arc thus expressed : 
.1 from the gutters of 
y and placed in a col- 
lege is almost a miracle." The story 
of young "Patrick," p. $9, wfcotn 
education was obtained at the Pre- 
paratory School at Oberlin and at 



Public Charitits. 



Cornell U niversity, is significant. On 
page 60 is told the story of an Irish 
orphan girl sent to Connecticut, and 
placed with " an intelligent Christian 
woman, who means to do right." On 
page 63 is told the history of a little 
boy sent to Michigan, who is well 
pleased with toys and new clothes, 
" like all other children ; he has a 
splendid new suit of clothes just got, 
and lie attends thurth and Sabbath- 
school'' A similar case is related at 
page 65, of a little girl sent to Ohio, 
and wc shall show below what has 
become of little girls sent to that 
State. These are some of the mode! 
cases of which this unscctarian so- 
ciety makes a boast in its report. It is 
puficuM fact that, of the 8,835 
who came under the influences of this 
society in one year, 3,31a were of 
Irish birth, and it may be cstim 1 
with certainty that a considerable 
proportion of the other children of 
foreign, as well as many of home 
birth were Catholics. The number 
of children bom in Ireland who 1 
sent West during the year was t,058. 
This institution received for the fur- 
therance of these unscctarian objects 
tlvc sum of $66,912 70 in this year 
from our public funds. 

We have also before us the Twen- 
tieth Annual Report of the New York 
Juvenile Asylum, 1871, which proves 
the prosel) tiring character of this pub- 
pap -fed unscctarian institution. 
•' The children that are entrusted to 
us are at the most susceptible period '</ 
life" etc. , " when their destiny for 
time, \iMA for eternity, maybe fixed " 
(p. 9). " They must lie drilled i 

matjc habits of life in eating, 
sleeping, play, study, work, and teor- 
ship" (p. 10). To "attend church" 
(p. 2 : ), and " the evening worship," 
and religious services generally, are 
frequently recurring duties of the chil- 
dren. In this institution the children 
of foreign birth during the year were 



3,648, and of these 1,981 were i 
in Ireland. Of course we cannot 
how many of the children of hoi 
binh were the children of Irish as 
Catholic parents. We hare, alas I i 
too much certainty that a large 
portion of the children are Catli 
Wc casually met recently with an | 
tercsting proof of this in Scrib 
Magazine, November, 1870, in an 

given by s ristl ir to the Jul 
niic Asylum. In the evening the vii 
tor was invited to sec the girls' dc 
mitory as the girls were going to be 
She writes: "All the children 
r prayers. I noticed 
several of them made the sign of 
cross as they rose." Touching 
dence of their traditional faiCi ar 
parental teaching ! a simple luit sul 
lime tribute to holy church ! an 
ign of love and hope for tl 
sacraments which came to us throuj 
the cross, but v.hidi, like that cr 
itself, were not a part of the rcligic 
worship, and practice of this unscct 
liu asylum. 

In the list of model examples pr 
seated in the report of the \ 
agent will be seen the usual proscl; 
ing influence of such institutions. 
cases either show mere mat 
wordiy advantage, or the embrace < 
pure sectarianism. On page 50 is 1 
latcd the case of a little girl, whe 
"scarcely remembers her parent 
of whom it is related that "site is 
member of the Presbyterian Church.' 
Two other girls arc indentured 
members of the Methodist Kpis 
Chinch. The "church and Sunday 
school" arc prominent features 
nearly every case. The amount 
ccived during the year by this unsect, 
riait institution from our public fu 
was $63,065 H« 

The Five Points House of Ir 
dustry, which received, from 1858 
1869, the tun <if $30,731 69 fn 
our Hoard of E d ucation, states 



Public Charities. 



anions the objects for 
a it was incorporated, the foi- 
ls;: "IIL To imbue the objects 
icsre with the pun a of 

ttianity, as revealed in the Holy 
Hbo, without bias from the 
ICtirc p- - of any 

Inal sec; Bum that the 

■en belonging to distinctive rc- 
■ denominations, instead of 
{ allowed to follow the 
rrne*-*. and practise the worship, 
they were reared, are de- 
id of this right, and, as respects 
Catholic children, they arc to re- 
nd exclude every lead 
ia distinctively Catholic i 
Urn this profession of unsecta- 
pH if cat 

■Korcred from the Monthly 

.nts House of 

mrj foe April and May, 1870, 

(giving an account of the de- 
f exercises: 
terrvocs ointistcd of an opening 
• ed by a 

jvn tbt II ■•««• sad Ik ob 
?)■> hymn ; a 

nual nl ifir i*iff -• ilioo, 

Iday ; a rcciiatire by 

din- 
1 

n the 
[t-r. and Sfcsdows of i 

H 

Uy the chi' 

low far the pledge given in the 
Iter of lh Iiment, •' with- 

Mcrfrori' ictivc peculiar- 

hi '.. beamed 
a farther seen from the following 
Act from a letter addressed by the 
Mitt John Cotton 

Mi. a prominent minister of the 
littonaliaa sect : " Between your 
At institution the most 
<n has 

»g remembrance of the 



relations that have subsisted between 
them. '■• 

liave alii (he 

ll, ward Mission and Home for 
Little Wanderers," founded by thai 
nrch-proselyti/er, the Rev. W. ('. 
Van Meter, which during seven y . 
disposed of 7.580 " little w. ... 
of this city, in an unscct.irian w 

but want of I 'ids our 

Bat the aw&ncrpemdj 
other unscctarian ir.stiui- 
tions is exhibited to us now m the 
fact, that this reverend has transfer- 
red : ■>( his labors from the 
live Points to the city of Rome, the 
centre and hcadquartci 
city, lli- bu there established -\ 
■ >n and home for 1 Ro- 

We do not Man 
lion thai such institutions arc 
nuisances foj I • Inldren, awl 

we quote the dosing words of a let- 
ter recently addressed I R**. 
Mr. \ r an Meter by the editor of the 
Vixe delta Vetita, at Rome : 

"\ lr, excuse me If I remind 

•li a very ignorant person, 

1 I was a Utile boy.' I also went to 

school, and learned a few things about 

your country. 1 remember to luvo heard 

■I miser)- and ignorance abound* 
e<J there, and lliat ilrcds of 

thousands of your com I'.h ■■■ "' 

no other God than ihc almighty cl- 
ou not go back and lev; 
Nebraska or T« one? 

might positiv> vie good 

there — now you arc :i — welli let DM 
tho tniih— a m m mm lt . By ycur In 
ward voyage, you will benefit both your 
own country ami OW 

Another complaint that are make 
our semi-govern dnri- 

ties relates to the violation ot 
rights of par. bildren, In 

sale of these at the W 

This pernicious practice of c\ 
and transporting children from 
'■.-. ■■J] in Ml 1 

ittit Krrlm. J»n»»ry n, »I»V- 



IO 



Public Cfuiritifs. 



amongst these institutions. How 
• haritietj when 

:r main feature consists in shi 
the burden from our own shoulders 
to those of others, and they arc 
strangers? It is that we 

claim these r . anil 

frvtftfs .;- and of our I 

if we repudiate the duties and re- 
sponsibilities of our guardianship, 
this CTudty and injustice we 
protest in ti 

and Chi itioill 

whose reports we have referred to 
not only admit, but they boast of 
outrage upon the rights of pa- 
rents and of children. One oft!; 

refers to 
i hi.-. Of operation*. " its I 

gr.«.; n," u the "crown 

all iLs works. The number u! . 
dren t'i a the state 

this society and transported to 
tant regions, during the year 01 
report referred to, was $,$&<> ; the 
whole number since 1854 was 25,2 15. 

ire than half the 3,386 were sent 
to Ohio, and to the distant slates of 
Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, 
Kansas, and Nebraska. Of one little 
boy the I was separ 

. 1 the age 1 
yea: | Mtt i " I 

think his mother would scarcely know 
him." He reports that the mist 

■ 
writes of hira : " Indeed, I don't k 
what I should do without him, 

.uts me a great many steps. I 
wish we could rind out about bis 

■ often ' 
aboi 

r'.ation of 
:iscd by the Five 
Points House of Industry, V 
haw raordinary post 

tor '. • from the legislature. 

For while Pub- 

ides and Correction, a pure- 
ly governmei tution, possess 



the power of ig children to 

citizens of the state of N ind 

adjoining states onl iatt 

House of Indu ived 

power to send ibei .:ere 

Hut the Commii 
of l'i I Cc 

send the poor children they get 
theai power to the most rem 
[olation of the express law of : 
For instead of confi 
their indentures to citizens of 

'.. and the adjoining state 
law tend them ir 

oatety ti> 1 ite, even 

most distant. We ask those pul 

fiction of law 
make Cal 
rk? 
The New York Juvenile As 
has also a '• regular agency at 
go, by which the work of inde 
ing children at ti: ondo 

The total number of 
sent West during fifteen yei 
1857 to 1871 inclusive, i> 2,206,1 
I average, 147 ,', (p. 47) 
extent to which this er, 
cruelty of our non-sect.in.in 
tions is catried, is appalling. 
have onl] of 

three whose reports happened to 1 

Bat we have been i 
cd. unofficially, and we think 
statement can be made go 
there arc in the city of [ 
less than twenty-eight (heritable i 
tutions engaged in this cruel 
of Iran-porting our New York 
dren to the West and other 
• average numt 
little exiles per week is ah 
red, making about ten j 
sand every year. What 
abuses and hardships must k 

U practice! Hot 
noble, generous, and philant 
be the motives of 

• Tki'iIi Ammuxi Rtfi, 



Public Charities. 



U 



igeis of these institutions, they 
) t attend in person to the details 
en the general management of 
work. Not only are their 
s in the city confided to the 
gement of hired and salaried 
s and servants, but the work of 
)orting children to the West is 
led generally to the same class 
jents, and we intend to show 
this charitable function is dis- 
;ed. They are actuated by no 
x motives than usually actuate 
class. The love of God, and 
■an for God's sake, is not the 
that inspires their labors and 
s their steps. Corruption and 
:lity to duty have stalked bra- 
into the public service every- 
e; what reason have we for 
ing an exemption in favor of 
who find profitable employ- 
in the administration of public 
ties? 

t, as the Christian Union de- 
ls further proof than is accessible 
: public, we will produce some 
ional evidence, although we 
we have already shown enough 
ademn this system ; and the tone 
lat journal's article leads us to 
re that if an angel from heaven 
«ed to its view the same corrup- 
and oppression which we see in 
>ranch of public administration, 
uld still cling to its idols. 
3W we have before us a letter, 
I September 23, 1872, ad- 
;d by a clergyman at Tiffin, 
, to a clergyman in the East, 
which we quote : 

1 answer to your request concerning 
children brought on some four or 
ears ago from the East to be elis- 
or, I might say with prudence, that 
vcral counties of Ohio had been 
ht car-loads of children from three 
on to twelve and thirteen years old, 
iffercd to the public to take one or 
; for they who offered the children 
hose who would take them had to 



pay the expenses of bringing them to the 
place. For some children the man said 
the expense would be fifteen dollars, for 
others more, others less. This is the way 
the affair was carried on for some time." 

The gentleman to whom the fore- 
going letter was addressed, and who 
sent it to us, gives also his own testi- 
mony on this public traffic in inno- 
cent human beings. His letter is 
dated September 25, 1872, and reads 
as follows : 

" At that time," some four or five years 
ago, " I was on a trip to Tiffin. Delayed 
for a short time at Clyde, I asked some 
questions of the baggage-master. Three 
little girls were near him, and I asked 
him: 'Aro these your daughters?" A. 
' No, I bought them ?' ' Bought them ! 
how? from whom?" A. ' Oh ! from the 
ministers. They bring car-loads of these 
little ones every few weeks, and sell them 
to any one who wants them. I gave $10 
for this one, $1: for the next, and $15 
for the oldest. I had not the money, but 
I borrowed it from the tavern-keeper, and 
paid for the girls. Lately there was an- 
other load of them. There was a very fine 
girl. I wanted her. But the minister 
said, ' No ; I have promised her to a rich 
man in Forrest, who will pay more than 
you/ After some further conversation of 
a similar character, the train came in 
sight, and I left. The next day I was 
speaking of the circumstance at table. 

Rev. Mr. remarked that he knew the 

baggage-master well, and that what be 
said was true. He added, 'Within the 
last month there was a sale of some thirty 
of these children in our Court House. 

One of my parishioners, Mr. , came 

along as the sale was about over. A lit- 
tle boy was standing before the Court 
House crying ; the German asked him, 
'What is the matter?" He said, * That man 
wants to sell me, and no one will buy 
me.' The boy was bought by the German 
for §10. I had heard such transactions 
described in one of his lectures by F. 
Haskins. But I scarcely realized how 
fearful such conduct is until I heard a 
dcsciiption of these sales from persons 
who had seen them." 

Such, indeed, is the "crowning" 
work of some of the charitable insti- 




Public CluirilUs. 



tutions of New Yoik! Is this the 
fulfilment of the Gospel of ch. I . 
or of tbc Sermon on the Mount, or 
of the broad principles of i 
ity ? Perhaps, rather, it It the Rev. 
Mr. Pierce's elastic tjtMsa of reli- 
gion. • Compare these humiliating 
facts with the self-con gratulatoi j 
ports on " Emigration " of the Chil- 
ilrcn's Aid Society, which in 1871 
sent three hundred and seven of 
these little wards of the city to the 
same state of Ohio, t At page 10 
wc read : 

" Every year wc expect that ihc opposS- 

■goted arn' lass 

will materially lessen this Ihr mtat rgt<- 

l ctttr i karilabU tff^rtr. Wc ha v 1 1 

passed, honpcrer, owing i" the energy of 
our Western agents, llic results of every 
previous equal period, in the labors of the 
past j ear. 

-Crowd* of poor boys have thronged 
the olhce or have come to the lodging- 
houses for a " chance to go West ' ; great 
numbers of very destitute but honest 
families have us foi [hi 

and our agents bare frequently 
panics of a hundred and more. The 

'dlty 
as before ; and there has been less 
plaint the past year than usual of bad 
habits asd perversa tempers, The larger 
boysare still restless as cvcr.and inclined 
to change their places where higher In- 
ducements arc offered. Hut this charac- 
teristic they have' in common with our 
whole laboring class." 

Again: 

" Emigration. — This department has 
worked most successfully the past j 

. get number has been removed from 
the city than ever before." 

It i> 1. however, that the 

experience of the New York Juvc- 

t hough still persevering 

as a good work, has 

I lory U that of the 

Children's Aid Society. Wc xvill 

■8m U*l/ * ''•'t--r wr/* JfcratfJr lliiio- 
■pMa r,\ me u-'.i* ot Kefuf e, 
Rev ■ 

•a .1****1 fi.ffi. p. is. 



m the IN 



give :tn extract from 
Annual Rejwrt, showing evt 
the moutii e who pn 

as a good work what . 
this is, and confirming the 
vre have given in reference 
sales of children in Ohio : 

"Removing and replacing chi 
one of the important functions of I 
p. Our 1 i::-.i placed 

and In nearly every company sot 
to be replaced over and over agal 
tbey arc permanently settled. I 
idcutuics have been CSCCU 
•fevtlepNitntt often compel rei 
are the weaknesses of human tut 
such the Instability of human affa 
uiihout provision to meet the ex 
consequent upon them, autt oj 
kariikif uttJ inhumanity uvuU 
fuent. They who have not h; 
riencc 111 fbli kind of work are n 
realir. jf often difficult 

suade I hem of, lit imf t n t im n<vi 
frutiiwn. CkiUmt mli not uttf. 
fit intt iatpreffr kan.li in 

ftmauu ..-'.-/ 1 

men er Itu fiMtm.ttuw!. Death 
il-".:iuiW-lunge. of circurr 
arc olicu tlie occasion of rnnova 
■t mjHlf'i jert by tkal deti net funi 

: 'ix /ly .v/.V.v 
milt kit/, /in./ irrrficntkit m 
A Utile familiarity with ifaa 
this agency would <••■■ 
duratc OppOMfll lh»l -' 

utikcut mum* am.. 

ttninje L111.I it ,ni un/iufi/:: 

Apart from t:ic inhutnanit) 
■dun-, from its un< 
character, from its pro 
fects, wc protest Igamst it 
name of law, of right, and of] 
liberty. The common law 

is our heritage, and by tl 
moo law " no power on earth 
the authority of parliam 
any subject of England ou 
I against his will ; no, no 
criminal. The ureal charter 
that no freeman shall be I 
unless by the judgment of h 
or by the law of the I. 
the httbeat carpus act it is 



Public Charities. 



»3 



that no subject of this realm who is 
an inhabitant of England, Wales, or 
Berwick shall be sent into Scotland, 
Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey, or other 
places beyond the seas."* Chancellor 
Kent, in his Commentaries on American 
Law (ii- 34), claims the same proud 
privilege as one of the absolute rights 
of American citizens, and, while de- 
claring that " no citizen can be sent 
abroad," states that the constitutions 
of several of the states of our confed- 
eracy contain express provisions for- 
bidding transportation beyond the 
Kate 

We come now to the last and not 
the least painful task, which the 
Otristian Union insists upon our un- 
dertaking ; it relates to " the horrible 
abuses existing in some of our state 
kaatutions." And here, as in the 
preceding remarks, we roust confine 
ourselves to a portion only of the mass 
of materials before us, and, in fact, 
confine ourselves to a single institu- 
iioa;fbr, if such things exist in a single 
case, this is enough to prove not only 
the possibility, but also the probabil- 
ity of the same thing in others, and 
to dispel the fatal blindness which 
can see nothing defective either in 
their constitution or management 
We must pass over the charges re- 
cently preferred against the New 
York House of Refuge, relating to 
improper food, of excessive labor, of 
creel punishments, employment of un- 
fit and incompetent agents in the man- 
agement of the institution, and of reli- 
gions intolerance. While we think that 
the evidence produced on the trial of 
the boy, Justus Dunn, for killing one of 
the officers of the Refuge, goes far to 
Mbmw tiaUC most of the charges pre- 
ferred, we have, in common with the 
community, but little respect for the 
whitewashing certificate given by the 
grand-jury, who made a flying visit 



to the institution, by invitation, on an 
appointed day. Of course the officers 
put their house in order, and failed 
not to put their best foot foremost, 
on this preconcerted occasion. The 
managers placed no reliance on this 
acquittal, for they courted another 
soon afterwards. The second inves- 
tigation by the State Commissioners 
of Charity was very little better ; it 
was ex parte on all the charges ex- 
cept that of religious intolerance, and 
the Refuge was acquitted on all the 
charges except this last 

We must also pass over, for want 
of space, the revolting case which 
occurred at the New York Juvenile 
Asylum in June last in which one of 
the inmates of the asylum, a colored 
girl, instead of finding there an asy- 
lum from temptation and seduction, 
fell a victim to the lust of one of the 
officers of the institution, who fled 
precipitately on discovery of the fact* 
We must pass over, for the same rea- 
son, the investigations recently con- 
ducted at St. Louis, which are far 
from showing a satisfactory result for 
the management and conduct of pub- 
lic reformatories. We must confine 
ourselves now to a single institution — a 
case in which the evidence is replete 
with horrible abuses, cruelties, im- 
proprieties, and wrongs. While we 
would be sorry to apply the maxim, 
ex uno disce omnes, we can but regard 
this case as a general warning to our 
people to beware of regarding as 
good everything in the moral order 
that goes under the much-abused 
name of reform. 

The Providence School of Reform 
is an institution supported by funds 
received both from the state of 
Rhode Island and from the city of 
Providence. Its object seems to be 
the temporal, social, and moral refor- 
mation of juvenile delinquents of 



»|Mwri &■., put. i- p- •». 



»S*mJ*f Mirtmrjr, lone »j. rt7»- 



both sexes. Some time prior to 1869, 
it hail been the subject 1 -est 

charges and investigation, which tend- 
ed to show that, so far from having 
been in all its department* and woik- 
ings a whoa! of reform, it had in some 
instaii res become a school for 
and immorality. The whitewashing 
process, that facile and amiable way 
of avoiding disagreeable < 
tions, prevented the accomplishment 
of any change for the better. But in 
1869 the charges against Ihc 
tion took a more definite form, and 
were signed and presented by thirty- 
one citizens of Providence to the 1 
porate authorities — citizens of the first 
ittpectab3ky and igi The 

Board Ol B Of the city of 

Providence, headed by the Mayor, 
ttook the investigation, and the 
evidence is contained m two large 
volumes in <me, extending over 
eleven hundred and forty-two pages. * 

harges were the most * 
ones that could be brought against 
an institution, especially against one 
professing reform, and had their ori- 
gin will. lit distinction 
of creed. TliL-ir true character and 
extent can only be understood by a 
penal of then 1 

" i rfcta against eh* 

cency, and flood moral* have prevailed In 
the school, and hate been taught and 
practised by teachers as well as by pupils ; 
■ have existed both in tho 
male and female departments, and tli.n 
the children usually leave the school 
more corrupt than when they entered it. 

ml. Thai teachers hav» used 
ImmodcM and disgusting langua;-< 

ibe prcaeaea d hare ad- 

die-. 11 lodeei m 

by referring to their paSI ehan 

by calling them vile and unbecoming 

nam 

"Third. That roodesof punishim-m IA4 
most cruel and inHum in ham beat) 

jfllttt t lfrtUm Im], tAt M**A[K***t #/ /** 
PmiJtmt Kt/trm SslS, iiii.t* by Ibc IU»iJ 
tt AHfrmm. »nder ttw itiocton ci the- 
Ceaocil of UK C«y of Provldt nee. rtij. 



in said school, such as knock 
and kicking the pupils, and 1 
them when naked, and with a 
not deserves! by their otTcn 

"Fourth. That young women 
to have been kicked, knorkt 
dragged about by tho hair of > 
and otherwise brutally trcated.bu 
pccially tbat all modesty and dec 
been outraged by stripping the 
waist and lathing them on the nal 
taking them from their beds a 
ping them in their night-dress 
( and duckil 
and bj if punishmi 

■it inilict upon 
name* o( 
mitted to said School have been 
and altered by the officers of th 
Stitulioa. 

"Sixth. Thai ehUdreo have 
iced to persons living i 
' the country, and » 
no Interest iti taking pr 
them, 'and that a needless dis 
the rights an I feelings of ill. i 
has often i 
the si I. 

the goods 
• il are reported to l> 1 
dhfcomd . 

■■ere n"i 1 1 1 : .- 11. !•■:! . .mil dial the 
Rhode bland i* nld 11 li 
dth '-he board oi 1 
were living at service and were n 
to said school. 

" Eighth. That a spirit of pi 
and of religious Intolerance hi 
cd In the M Is shown i 

that children of different creed] 
pellcd to attend a form of wors 
Is contrary to the conai ientlot 
tions of a large majorlt) ■ ■ t the 
r, !]■, |n , onflJi 1 >\,iii the 1 
letter of our state COOStltUI 
sures to the Inhabitants thereof 
of conscience. In the following I 
' No man shall be compelled t< 
or to support any religious 
place, or ministry wfaatc. 
fullilmcnt of hisown volu 
and that the child rot of said s 
denied the use of books and al 
instruction In Am 1- iigion of the 

Although there is eviden 
volume of Invesfigatifn b 
tending D the " ft 

" seventh " charges, we ye 



charges from oar remark, 
viy thai the other six 
constituting foe gravamen 
rose not only 

hole or in part by nearly 
cd witnesses, but, with all 
to the five 

found most of them rial 
thin i unbiassed 

the heavily laden 
fore m, 
• 
■•• 
pan of every one i 

■ P 
charges. We are sorry 
I ic conviction 

vhdmmg. 
case* i ment cruel 

e — some have a 
n, and even brutal 
about siv nni), 

. this, 
. n a , 
i.»j, 238, 280, 

9St 3 ,8 > 3<>4, 3 6 °. 
»02. 403. 

•..'5. I5-- 
es more 

iy referring to the use of 

378; the 

286, 

491; bin 

. ;o, 369, 

itlle boys over the knuck- 
bonch of • 

3-3 
-. truck 1 
* hammer. 331. 379 ; pro- 

Jic books 

Iren, 

tieof Rhode bland 

1 of chi. 

of the 

regarded as *' an error 

and not of the heart," 



1 wa»i 






abo detailed in tin 



1 cases of aboi !rb 

died in a cruel and revolt; 
icr. For girls lashed, bo- 
striped and I e pages 18. 
19 ; a girl ID by the 
t, pounded, and di 

I struck 
and black eye, 55; .1 gul 
stripped to the wai>t of all her clothes, 
except undergarment, and whipped 
! body mark- 
er girl dr.. 
hair, 95; a girl ducked, coj : 
boxed until her nose bled, u 

ed on her, 102 ; .1 ed, 

kicked, and held under Honing wa- 
ter, 10S; a girl dragged by the hair, 
kicked, and docked, 219, 220; an- 
other girl dragged by the hair and 
kicked, 528; another lashed black 
i'lue, 229; a girl lashed on the 
back a fit ,38: 

lh the straps, 
and kickc trip- 

to the waist, leaving oni-, 
garment on, and .. ii 1 a 

knotted strap, 360 ed, 

s-,2- \ I refused permission 

to see her child, who was whipped, 
and refused information as to wh* 
ther the child was transported. 1 
mother said : " 1 w ill 1 1 udc 

Island through, and 1 will tr. 
Connecticut through, but what 1 will 
find her. I have not seen her 
the or eight 

■t's nature goes beyond 
rial thing in 

I > to see her child. I could not 
get anything from lliei.i. An- 

ic others, 
and irked, an ' on 

the back. 395. A witness, at page 

396, says : " 1 saw stripped with 

.Iy bruis- 
ed on the shoulder ; I did not see 
any blood, but I saw the bruises were 
pretty bad bruises ; there were I 

..iss her shoulders; you could 
see scared/ a pierc of p\aia 




mate : " I saw 
mike her; he knocked her against 
the building with his fist, and the 
blood ran oat of hex nose and ears 
wink the was by the fence, while he 
stood there punishing her." At page 
454, we read an extract from the tes- 
timony of a Mrs. Hithop : "Q. V. 
you ever kicked or beaten in the 

school by ? A. Yes, sir. I was 

punished up-ctairs because I could 
not leam my lesson. I had had no 
schooling at that time ; I could not 
1I0 much reading ; he punished me 
upstairs; I told him I could not 
leam it, unless he could let a girl 
i-orae up and help tne; I was told to 
kneel down; I looked and 

>d me across the aisle; he 
pulled me by my dress, and kicked 
me across the aisle, and twice across 
tlie room ; I m pal up-staia before 
devotions were to come off; I Mad 1 
was going to tell n --aid 

I could not see my folks again if I 
did tell her; be was going to give 
me two hundred dollars if 1 had not 

hing; I was ack after 
kicking ; he carried me home himself 
away from the school; I could not 
re nor stir; I could not move one 
eye; I walked on crutches after it; 
it affects BK now; affects my | 
so I can't walk all tlie time : I have 
to nil rk done part the d 

now ; when there comes a storm, 1 
can't move, I have to sit still in the 
house; sometimes I have to lie in 
bed, because it affects me so ; 1 was 
thirtc-i yon old at that time." A 
girl, a new-comer only three da.) 
the school, is ducked. . and 

locked up two days for laughhi 
school, p. 629, and further ili-i: 
ed, 639. Another giil dragged by 
the hair, pounded, and dreadfully 
bruised, 661. Girts ducked and whip- 



ped at night, 67S. Girts call 
of supreme contempt by 
in allusion to their past li 

737. and 39. 7«> 3»7. of 
gill taken up at night, and w 
111 her night-clothes by male 
693. A girt is pulled over t 
by the hair, for not singin 
A girt is imprisoned and fed 01 
and water for twenty-three da 
of vol. ii. 

For instances of girls whip] 
the naked back by men, see 
339. 6 3°; gi fb kicked by me 
3**. 345, 348. 3S4. 3 60 . 6 3' 
proved by defence, 41 of v 
girls dragged by the hair b 
*3«. 347, 34», <>3<>; girls stro. 
fist by men, 347. 349 > •** 
:, 350; mirks on bodk 

3«7- 395. 7 '9 inwd 

net lives, 86, 96 

6*7> 737. and 3»7 ; 

^69, 370, 335, 371, 42 
I j of vol. ii. ; girls dud 

men, 92, 91. 97. 102, and 

vol. li. 

The first charge, the most 
that could he brought ag« 
school of reform — " crimes 

ity, decency, and good 
—is fearfully sustained. One 
employees, a man of 

lit for his 
ttCJf in both the 
female departments, to both 
he had access, is caught / 
delicto. The partni 
one of tlie female fan 
sent there to be 
were detected by other ft 
mates 
75). And again, kerrihile 
tanker in the same nursery 
lived, '" month in and ma 
criminal conversation with on 

tea of the female dep 
s63.76),andt; 
again proved by the defet 
But, more shocking tha 



Public C/tat.. 



'/ 



were immodest and 

i* l>eld by an cm] 
: girl*, but 
. an officer of the 
ol of Reform, 
among ibe b 

• 
Bg, destructive at once of 
r souls and bodies, of their n 

id of their temporal and cter- 
bappincsv This fact is pr 

:ceat pag 
i. Hie offender was dismissed, 
tie school still exists ' Wh 
smand Gomo: 
I evidence for the defence con- 
Mi chiefly of denials and run-mi-ri- 
Hn by the officers and em 
bat some of the charge* are 
by the defence itself, and 

'liis 
-\zt. Trie mayor and one 
i aldermen declined to . 
m the decision, because they 
! member? of the board of t. 
Three other aldermen re 
'.nd gave 

charges true. ten 

i^cssign the decision, which, 
iargcs not 
<md, - iculpases 

a on several of the charges- I i 
:ed that two instances h 
tarred of offences against 

and go,>l morals, on the 

of offLcei inmates, 

384 of ing 

;cd 
defence ; 
whipped on the bare 
that girls have 
dresses loosened and 

irt of the 
1 . mng on 

1 thus punished 

• cases during the 
rears, when they have, in 



lion of the rules ol* the school, made 
loud 1 in the 

litorics at nit lave been 

pun clothes (by a 

male officer) in the presence of a 

'e officer, page 385 of vol. 
ducking is admitted, page 385. 
One of the dissenting alderi.: 
hisii 

of inmates teat to 
school require a strong and efficient 
discijihr.i-. and ng competent 

to say what that discipl: 
yet I cannot resist the conviction 
that the punishments described have 
a tendency to degrade rather tfutn to 
tlemte, not only the one 

: the one who ;ers 

I therefore feci 

against such punishnv. 

hope that tcrmode 

of d: adopted 

ic managers of thi 
(?• 39«> vol. li.) The superintendent 

i that, in case a chi 
sick and in txtremit required a Ca- 
tholi. i be sent for, he w> 

first go and seek the of 

three or four of the trustees before 
he would admit, e . i such cir- 

cumstances, a Catholic or any other 

roan ; and on this su 
same alderman remarked : "In 
view, any superintendent ot 

ioa who would hesitate to allow 

the consolations of religion to be ad- 

i in the form desired by 

the child. ach circarastani 

should be promptly relieved from 

," page 396 of Ihcr 

man sa)^ : '• I am oi 
that cruel and unnecc ."sh- 

ment has l>een inflicted. I do not 

ise that stri :'i the 

clenched Bft, kicking, or dragging by 
the hair of the head has been com- 

, but I think it has occurred in 
some instances," page 397; and he 
mentions the case of an ■ unfortunate 
girl who seems to have sufiV 



lie Chanttts. 



every form of discipline known to 

• 
being * pushed under the table with 
the foot.' If it 1* said she was vile, 
I would ask how she came to be? 
She was but six or seven years of age 
when she entered this institution. 

-nc is wholly bad at that tender 
age. She remained BO CtTC 

and influences for nint ytars, and, if 
she is vicious and dissolute, why is 
she so? If, on the other hand, she 
was insane, U it not painful to reflect 
that .such punishments were 
on an irresponsible child ?" (p, 399.) 
One of the trustees actually res::.: 
I year before the investigation, ra- 
than be connected with such 
scenes; he started an investigation, 
but it seems to have done no good j 
and such was the condition of things 

this first investigr 
that the assistant superintendent of- 
fered to give one hundred dollars to 
a friend tO ihidd BUB from tX 

I as a wi: : 

en in 

institution is of <■• cta- 

rian ; everything distinctively Episco- 

■ • 1 hil- 
dren, everything distinctively llap- 
tist is denied to Baptist children, 
everything distinct' 

thodJst children, every- 
thJD) fly Presbyterian is de- 

nied to Presbyterian xwA 

-inctly Catholic is 
nied to Catholic children. Nothing 
log "to keep 
in the faith to which they 

aged when they entered the 
school." "Q. Does not the sy-<: 
of id lstruction tend to bring 

the children to that form of religion 
whi: peBOn the pri- 

vate judgment and interpretation of 
the Scriptures ? A. We hope it tends 
to make them better. Q. Docs it 
not tend to have them choose their 
own bible and their own interpreta- 



tion of it as the source and pr 
of religion ? A. I should hope : 
it tends to have them accept 
Bible; Q- Do you teach them 
doctrine of the private interpret; 
of the Scripture ? A. No. si . 
all. 0, As 1 understand it, all 
religious instruction they get is 
ply n in die Bible, and 

lion. They can int 
it just U they please. A. They 1 
interpret it just as they please. 

iker comes, and so 

1 another " (page 234, vol. 
. . . "Q. Now state the afl 
noon services on Sunday ? A. 
of the trustees (they all alternate 1 
r) procures a speai 
mlay afternoon to address 
scholars. Q. Of what class 
those speakers — of any particular 1 
Of all clsilCI i A. -Since I 
been there, I think every denomim 
tion 1 represented or * 

l to speak i !:;:>• pa 

ticularly members of < 
uyjumo, lawyers, doctors, 01 anyt 

will give a moral address to 1 
children ? A. I could not 

profession 

We often b»ve clergymen, perhi 

oftcner than any other class, but : 
unfrcquently n;cn of other prof. 

, and many times those folios 
ing no profession to speak in conr 

with others. W« often has 
more than one speaker — sometin 
half a dozen. Q. These arc ba 
ncss men of the city ? A. Yes, : 
Q. Do you have lawyers son 
A. i think all professions are rcr, 
sentcd. Q. Do you have ministe 
you can get them ? A. Yes, sir." 
yet in uianbm the mc 

revailed. "Q. ! 
you know what version of the Uil 
is used? A. It is the common 
glish translation. Q. (By the may 
or) It b die ordinary Bible, is 
not? A. (By Mr. Gj 



Public Charities. 



19 



nan) The Douay is the ordinary one. 

(By Mr. ) We call that an extra- 

ordinary one " (page 62, vol. ii.). 

Now, we have 'the Bible without 
comment, but ministers, lawyers, 
doctors, and business men are called 
in every Sunday, sometimes half a 
dozen at one time, to give the com- 
ments, each according to his own 
new. Every religious denomination 
was invited, but it does not appear 
that any Catholic ever accepted the 
invitation ; for,- if he accepted, he 
would leave his Catholicity outside 
until he finished his unsectarian dis- 
course. There may be something 
in common with all the sects which 
sometimes may be called general 
Protestantism, though they profess 
to call it unsectarianism ; but one 
thing we know is common to them 
aD, and this something is opposition 
to Catholicity, and the dodge of un- 
sectarianism is adroitly invented in or- 
der to exclude Catholics from enjoy- 
ing equal rights with Protestants in 
matters relating to public education 
and public charities. The state must 
let religion alone, and unsectarians 
oust desist from their disguised effort 
to unite church and state in this 
country, while it has so strenuously 
opposed their union in every Catho- 
lic country. They know that Ca- 
tholics can take no part in unsecta- 
rian teachings, but they would like 
B to do so, for in proportion as we 
did so would we cease to be Catho- 
lics. The Catholic view was so ad- 
airably expressed by the late Bishop 
Fittpatrick, of Boston, in his letter in 
the Eliot School difficulty, that we 
must give it to our readers : 

"I. Catholics cannot, under any cir- 
nmuances, acknowledge, receive, and 
IK, as a complete collection and faithful 
'ersion of the inspired books which com- 
P°«e the written Word of God, the En- 
•r'i'h Protestant translation of the Bible. 
S'.ill lets can llicy so acknowledge, ac- 



cept, or use it, when its enforcement as 
such is coupled expressly with the re- 
jection of that version which their own 
church approves and adopts as being cor- 
rect and authentic ; and yet this is re- 
quired of them by law. The law, as ad- 
ministered, holds forth the Protestant 
version to the Catholic child, and says, 
' Receive this as the Bible.' The Catho- 
lic child answers, ' I cannot so receive it.' 
The law, as administered, says you must, 
or else you must be scourged and final- 
ly banished from the school. 

" II. The acceptance and recital of the 
Decalogue, under the form and words in 
which Protestants clothe it, is offensive 
to the conscience and belief of Catholics, 
inasmuch as that form and those words 
are viewed by them, and have not un- 
frcquently been used by their adversaries, 
as a means of attack upon certain tenets 
and practices which, under the teachings 
of the church, they hold as true and 
sacred. 

"III. The chanting of the Lord's 
Prayer, of psalms, of hymns addressed to 
God, performed by many persons in uni- 
son, being neither a scholastic exercise 
nor a recreation, can only be regarded as 
an act of public worship — indeed, it is 
professedly intended as such in the regu- 
lations which govern our public schools. 
It would seem that the principles which 
guide Protestants and Catholics, in rela- 
tion to communion in public worship, are. 
widely different. Protestants, however 
diverse may be their religious opinions — 
Trinitarians, who assert that Jesus Christ 
is true God, and Unitarians, who deny 
he is true God — find no difficulty to offer 
in brotherhood a blended and apparently 
harmonious worship, and in so doing 
they give and receive mutual satisfaction, 
mutual edification. The Catholic cannot 
act in this manner. He cannot present 
himself before the Divine presence in 
what would be for him a merely simula- 
ted union of prayer and adoration. His 
church expressly forbids him to do so. 
She considers indifference in matters of 
religion, indifference as to the distinc- 
tion of positive doctrines in faith, as a 
great evil which promiscuous worship 
would tend to spread more widely and in- 
crease. Hence the prohibition of such 
worship : and the Catholic cannot join in 
it without doing violence to his sense of 
religious duty." 

Non-sectarianism is the plea upon 



20 



Public Charities. 



.\ fltoie public institutions jus- 
interfcrencc ■ 
gious rights of tin 
argue that, l>ecausc tin- 

rotestants of every sect, 
be accept 
Catholics. Whereas cm the contrary, 
what is . n is the 

nanism. I 
sectarianism is made up of ail those 
points upon which the sects concur, 
and is there!' 

I. :. . ,t or simple 

deism; for if you take away the 
distinctive tenets of C&thob'i 
byterians, Method and 

■ 
nothing but deism. This iaro 
and will inevitably lead to, the denial 
of revelation ; m 
turc 

sole sour 

bly, if no 

be cast away. Is the teaching of 

lone inoffenrire to CI 
The points, even if 

agreed upon by all, would be, on ac- 
count 01 ess, as sects* 
run as any oil ious system 
indeed more so; and is subject to 
an objection not applicable to the 
others, Hi lb its true na- 
ture, and i . 
whei i lurch and the 
rtvc-Wi ; net- 
live and i i racier, an 
litis at least are truthful and honest. 
If religious teaching resolrcs it 
into latitadina 

lates :i ne« - -'i. A pei 

long as ai 

an impossibility. 
This very ich makes up 

this professed urn 

[pie. It i 

[vate 
juil the 

turc of Protestantism. 



We uai c thus .shown thai 

tern of rch 

Hon that 
Is, asylums, reform. 
it is in . as well as in t 

an impossibility. We 
too, by Protestant 

At p. afjj, vol. ii., / 
i 

■in the testimony a 
ant Episcopal trustee, who res 
on account, in part, i 
bility : 

no seel 
Mt In 

i(| ? A. I don't know wh» 

| . 

We Ixave 

1 | w.i i i. ■! || |« an 

A. I( was a book 

er» — a irorli by .i iWittt oJ an I 
It was an Ept 

i ok of 
copal exercises is or is not a sec 

1 . : of tho 

<,,::. h ; H 

' I i ndn*l | si iii- 

!e*ch* 

lhc i u!cs of the sclx 
have ih . the true • 

r of i 

I:. i I ii TCI (opposed ll wa-: 

Itutton, and I 
tig tn have sal for one 
[ce If I had supposed 
forbidden to pi 

:lirough 
001 lord ; and ii t lie pra 

Indicated, mat In ■ • »nd nun 
book Bi Idcn m i i n- 

mii School or any other 
I linv BlM time to lea: 

Tbcy arc prayci 
. whether he bel 
any ono 01 
i . 

or not, woold, 1 think 

momi- Q. 

you know (hat ill 
tietioa exdu 

the superintendent ol ll 
a layman] ? 

I be Hon. John C. Spcnce 



Public Charities. 



21 



rrtaiy of State and Superintendent of 
Schools in 1840, said in his report to 
the New York Legislature : " There 
must be some degree of religious in- 
struction, and there can be none with- 
out partaking more or less of a secta- 
rian character. The objection itself 
proceeds from a sectarian principle, and 
assumes the power to control that 
which it is neither right nor practi- 
cable to subject to any denomination. 
Religious doctrines of vital interest 
will be inculcated." 

Another who has discussed this 
question of sectarianism with force 
and great plainness of speech is the 
Rev. Dr. Spear, of Brooklyn, in the 
columns of the Independent, thus : 

" It is quite true that the Bible, as the 
foundation of religious belief, is not sec- 
tarian as between those who adopt it ; 
but it is true that King James' Version 
of the Holy Scriptures is sectarian as to 
the Catholic, as the Douay is to the Protes- 
tant, or as the Daptist Version would be 
to all Protestants but Baptists. It is 
equally true that the New Testament is 
sectarian as to the Jew, and the whole 
Bible is equally so as to those who reject 
its authority in any version. . . . 
There is no sense or candor in a mere 
play on words here. It is not decent in 
> Protestant ecclesiastic, who has no 
more rights than the humblest Jew, vir- 
tually to say to the latter : ' You arc 
nothing but a good-for-nothing Jew ; you 
Jews have no claim to be regarded as a 
religions sect, or included in the law of 
state impartiality as between sects which 
Protestants monopolize for their special 
benefit. Away with your Jewish consci- 
eoces ! You pay your tax bills, and send 
par children to the public schools, and 
■e will attend to their Christian educa- 
tion.' It is not decent to say this to any 
dass of citizens who dissent from what is 
known as Protestant Christianity. It is 
•imply a supercilious pomposity of which 
Protestants ought to be ashamed. It may 
please the bigotry it expresses, but a 
sensible man must either pity or despise 
U. In the name of justice we protest 
against this sum ma ry mode of disposing 
of the school question in respect to any 
class of American citizens. It is simply 
an insult" 



Again, Dr. Anderson, President 
of the Rochester University, one of 
the first men in the Baptist Church in 
these United States, addressing the 
Baptist Educational Convention in 
the city of New York, says : 

" // is impossible for an earnest teacher to 
avoid giving out constantly religious and 
moral impulses and thought. Jle must of 
necessity set forth his notions about God, the 
soul, conscience, sin, the future life, and Di- 
vine Revelation. 

" If he promises not to do so, he will 
fail to keep his word " — these are true 
words — "or his teachings in science, or 
literature, or history will be miserably shal- 
low and inadequate. Our notions of God 
and the moral order form, in spite of 
ourselves, the base line which affects all 
our movements and constructions of sci- 
ence, literature, and history. Inductions 
in physics, classifications in natural his- 
tory, necessitate a living law eternal in 
the thought of God." 

These gentlemen speak of religious 
instruction, only inasmuch as it is 
connected with the education of 
youth, and yet their logical minds 
showed them the absurdity of unsec- 
tarianism. What, then, could they 
have said of visionary men attempt- 
ing direct teaching of religion with- 
out sectarianism ? 

The following extract is too perti- 
nent to our subject and too clever to 
be omitted, as an illustration of the 
impossibility of teaching religion up- 
on the unsectarian system : 

" UNSECTARIANISM." 

SOMS OF THE DIFFICULTIES OF A TEACHES IN A 
MIXED SCHOOL. 

(From the New Orleans Morning SUtr.) 

We find the following in our San Fran- 
cisco contemporary, the Pacific Church- 
man, taken originally from the London 
Church Review, an organ of the Church 
of England. The editor of the Church- 
man remarks that " with some changes it 
will equally apply to some of our mm-scc- 
tarian schools." As far as the Church- 
man goes against ««-sectarian schools in 
this country, we are with it. This seems 



22 



PublU Charities. 



to tx one scene taken from olhcis. ■ 

-via good argument 

iders tt.II excuse tlie term 

"Re thrown in as a reproach. 

The schoolroom of a boai 
Time, the boar of religious instruction. 

• to be read and explained wi 
inculcating the dogmas of any | 
deoov Teacher certify 

sectarian, highly consocntn.in. I 
cons.stmj of children froc down 

to i.x or seven, and of I 
from respectable pc- l ^en- 

Schoolroom and tcacJn 
Teacher a Httlo nerroi ». < " Idrcn— 
some looking 
some disposed lo lol 
tcntive- 1 M the great 

and begin* tt> ie« II-, as 

being a tentative likely 10 inteii-st tlio 
aaditoiy. and easy to explain in an unde- 

>,■■:■. I'll 

liKl. alien Is n> 

Ttaclur. \ know, m- 

[oaeph an<l t Itro 

I people who lived a vi It ■. ii.ii 
many >rars ago in a enmity far away 
from Land id to 

you aliout ihem and their son (lead* 
slowly verse I. of the chapler). 

Aj&rJ Ami (not accustomed to ob- 
serve much ccrcmonv). Please, sir. who's 
■hat? 

TtMlkrr (aghast, an. I wishing to gain 
time). "tVliorn do you 
A rjb. That (here Jesus. 

IB this ques- 
tion be answered in aauil anal 
sense? This is tlio religious d 
full blown. If I By "a go "that 
will hardly do. f n I know krrotal of ibo 
buys are I lbs church p 
plcand Roman: 

M 

ham irt: t, 

parents aie; besides. WCl 
: ni .ii ] 

nen I bare fin- 

Thc class Imcns 
is degrees of attention 

•d, and then— 
A Btf. Please, sir. who's Mary? Tlio 
mother of the liulc b:. 1 he? 

Vea ; she v.- .n his mother. 
/7.iy. Oh! jnl whit doe* "wu 
ped" me. i 

IDS paying great re- 



spect, kneeling down and bowing, I 
should to God. 

Anttktr Sty (belter taught i 
No. I, and jumping al l*CUt 

.islon). Then, that there 
God. sir? 

Tommy .V.irH.ixv (stoutly). No, I 
wasn't ! 

Ttathtr. Silence, boy s. the lesson i 
iro on if yon talk ant! qui 
< by a bright idea.) Yi 
great many people believe that 
,ne do not ; bat we ma 
ral because wc do not all 

grecably curious). W§ 

i.n iln yew iliink, master ? 
[Tm anal Teacher hesltat 

Itgth, desperately] — 

Pay. Dm. .it? 

J. teker (aside). (Pcrrerse 
Pest i Miona and him too ! 

I'd known what " unaaetarian " tcachii 
involved, I'd aooaat hava swept a 

I] 
the very t- iple is 

can't ni.ii.i- die i 
(Aloud.) My dear bo rcrydil 

to say wli.it we know, I can milr 
you uh.tr Ithlali and teach you how to I 
good and do what Is 
that God tells roil I i do 

A /t?r (interrupting. 

•i J write that there b< 
Tftt&tr. Yea ; and he tells us what j 
t to heaven 

is a little i : 
■wop, he preached and to 
ur how lo love one another, i 

all ar« i good life. 

d). And wj» he a 

had almost be i into 

dogmatic explanation, and i 
word " know ' had .•■■ lual 
lips]. 

Antiktr Bey (wlih vexation 
meruoi ild afore, master, that 

Llemenwus 
him- 

7a«c*rr(b 
) 

'her wttsshe 

not call her tfc 



Public Charities. 



«3 



mother of— -{interrupts himself; recol- 
lects that it is as sectarian to deny to 
the Blessed Virgin the title of Mother of 
God as to bestow it upon her ; contin- 
ue!] : yes, she worshipped him too ; but 
I tom you to learn about the things that 
he told us to do. 

Another Soy (doggedly). But we wants 
to know fust who he be, 'cause we ain't 
lo do jist what a nobody tells us ; only, if 
that there gentlemen be God, there's 
•omethin' in it, 'cause I've 'eard parson 
u;, at old school, where I was once, that 
■hat God said was all right. 

Ttuhtr (aside). [Certainly that poor 
Arab has got the root of denominational 
education. It is, I begin to think, a fail- 
ure to attempt the teaching of morality 
without first making manifest what that 
morality is based upon, and the moment 
tou come to that you are in for denom- 
iuiionalism at once. (Wipes his brow 
ud continues)— 

01 course, my boy, you must know 
toj it is right to tell the truth and do 
■hit is right, but then if I tell you God 
commanded all this and read to you what 
hiiSon said about it, there is no need for 
troubling so much about — about — 

Buy (interrupting). Oh ! but I likes to 
u questions, and it ain't no sort of use 
Tou telling us it's wrong to lie — nobody 
at 'ome ever told me that — if ycr don't 
ij who said it, 'cause I ain't bound to 
Bind what you say, is I ? 

[Trader checks the indignant "Indeed 
jou are" that rises to his lips, arrested by 
'It terrible and conscientious thought 
■hether it be not a new and strange form 
of dcaominationalism for the teacher to 
"Uke his own dictum infallible in matters 
ol morality. Would not this be to de- 
rate into a living, personal dogma an un- 
Kctariau teacher ? — a singular clash, 
uircly. Teacher shivers at the bare idea. 
Soliloquizes : How can I meet this 
knock-down reasoning? These Arabs 
"i so rebellious, so perverse ; why must 
they ask so many questions, and require 
to know the why and wherefore of every- 
thing? (Glances at the clock.) Ah ! 
•hank my stars, the time Is almost up ! 
bot this dodge won't do every time, I'm 



afraid I shall have to give up the whole 
thing as a bad job.] (Aloud.) We have 
only five minutes more to-day, lads, so 
you must let me finish the chapter with- 
out asking any more questions. 

(Boys relapse into indifferent silence. 
Curtain falls.) 

In conclusion, we insist that the 
state shall obey its own constitution, 
and let religion alone. In purely 
state institutions, the consciences 
must be left free, and no experiments 
with religion can be tried. Every 
child in such institutions must enjoy 
liberty of conscience and free access 
to its own ministers and sacraments. 

If any sect undertakes to help the 
state to do its work, by establishing 
reformatories, protectories, and asy- 
lums for its own children, excluding 
all other religions and the children 
of other religions, we shall not object 
to its receiving a just per capita from 
the state ; and under this system we 
claim the same and no more for 
purely Catholic institutions doing 
the work of the state in respect to 
Catholic children. If, however, sec- 
tarian, unsectarian, or non-Catholic 
institutions receive support from the 
state, and receive the children of the 
Catholic Church and of other persua- 
sions, they must be conducted upon 
the same principle with state institu- 
tions, and in them " no law respect- 
ing the establishment of a religion " 
must be made or enforced, but the 
most perfect liberty of conscience 
must prevail. We ask no special 
favors for ourselves or our church; 
all we claim is perfect equality before 
the law and the state, and the full 
benefit of that fair play which we 
extend to others. 



Dante's Purgatorio. 



DANTE'S PURGATORIO. 

i tmeog v," «t»liJo of Purgmtorr. who h»ra deferred repmrisr*. D*nt*. la I 

Cuto, ii .MDduclfl to tho« who b»rt pottponod »plritu»l daiirafrooi bxrinr born involved i» ■ 

;<rv« introduced »r» ihv Kmncrgr Rodol; 
OOOCU. Kincof Buticmii. Philip Ilt.Ol 'France. I' 

ad, and the M»r-iuij wnium ' M«nfemt. To haow leone of tbn« 

!Dt bju»« tomull more volume* thin «rc ha ; ■ aifi nn* 

He am •pare mot h IMCVCb, b : "0 most locmiblc lafomaliaa by I-iui.-^ to t»« 

ll =u tA*.a which Mr. LohkIcIIow his •ppeaded U bli lu.iiUtiou.— T*am.] 

Tic::: rod f00» (best greetings, glad and free, 

Had 1 n Socddlos A 

Drew from embrace, and said : " Now, who arc ye ?" . 

rcupon my Guide this answer mad 
•' Ere to this mountain those just souls, to whom 

Heavenward to climb was given, had guided been, 
My bones Octavian gathered to the tomb. 
am, and for none other i 
want of faith was 1 from heaven shut out." 

Like one wi. r before him sees- 

thing that wakes hi ■■-, whence, Lu doubt, 

He says, U is notj then be) Tfsl 

Sorddlo stood, then back to him without 

Lifting his eyelids, ind clasped his knees. 

" O glory of the Latin race I" lie cried, 

" Through whom to such a height our language rose, 
Oh ! of my birthplace everlasting pride, 

What merit or grace on me thy sight bestows ? 
Tell me. unless to hear thee is del 

Com'st thou from hell, or vb tboa repose ?" 

vi I, 

He to this answered : ■ Grace from heaven moved me, 

And leads me still : the circles every one 
Of sorrow** kingdom have I trod to thee. 
My sight is barred from that supernal Sun, 
am I knew late, and thou desir'st to see, 
Not for I did. but for I left undone. 
A place below there is where no groans rise 
"m torment, sad alone with want of light, 
ere the lament sounds not like moan, but sighs. 
The little innocents whom Death's fell bite 
Snatched, ere their sin was purified, are there: 
And there I dwell with guiltless ones that still 

three most holy virtues did not wear, 
Though all the rest they knew, and did fulfil 



Dante's Purgatorio. 25 

But if thou knowest, and may'st us apprise, 

Tell us how we most speedily may find 
Where Purgatory's actual entrance lies." 

SORDELLO. 

" We have," he answered, " no set place assigned ; 
Around and upward I am free to stray ; 

My guidance far as I may go I lend : 
But see how fast already fails the day ! 

And in the night none ever can ascend : 
Best, then, we think of some good resting-place. 

Some souls there be, removed here to the right, 
Whom, if thou wilt, I'll show thee face to face, 

And thou shall know them not without delight." 
" How, then," said Virgil — " should a soul aspire 

To climb by night, would other check be found ? 
Or his own weakness hinder his desire ?" 

And good Sordello drew along the ground 
His finger, saying : " Look ! not even this line 

May'st thou pass over when the sun hath gone : 
Not that aught else, though, would thy power confine, 

Save want of light, from journeying upwards on : 
Darkness makes impotent thy will. By night 

One may go back again, and grope below, 
And, while the horizon shuts the day from sight, 

Wander about the hillside to and fro." 
My Master then, as 'twere in wonder, spake : 

" Then lead us thitherward where thou hast said, 
That we in lingering shall such pleasure take." 

Nor had we forward far advanced our tread, 
When I perceived that on the mountain-side 

A valley opened, just like valleys here. 
" We will go forward," said our shadowy guide, 

" Where on the slope yon hollow doth appear; 
There let us wait the dawning of the day." 

Twixt steep and level went a winding path 
Which led us where the vale-side dies away 

Till less than half its height the margin hath. 

Gold and fine silver, ceruse, cochineal, 

India's rich wood, heaven's lucid blue serene,* 

Or glow that emeralds freshly broke reveal, 
Had all been vanquished by the varied sheen 

• " indico Ugn» y lucido e serene : " 
Tuhctct kind of richly tinted wood is referred to la this passage, lucid and serene do not seem 
IcacriptiTc epithets, applied to wood, and It is not much after the manner of Dante to qualify 
bfcct with two vague adjectives. As he is presenting an assemblage of the most beauUful and 
ig colors, and since we do not Imagine (as Mr. Ruskin suggests) that by " Indico legno " he 
have meant indigt, it seems most natural that be should have mentioned blue. We hare 
ore ventured to translate as if the Terse were written, *' Indico legno, lucido sereno." In a 
tins; Canto (V.) the poet has used serene In the same way, without the article— "fender serent " • 
1 Canto XXIX., v. 53 : 

" Plh cUnro nssnl cbe Luni per sereno." 



Of this bright \ lb* And flowers, 

As less by greater. Nor pad Nature there 
Only in painting spent herself but showers 

Of odors manifold made sweet ihe air 
With one strange mingling of 

An • — 

'" — seated on the bloom 
iure sheltered by the dingle 

SOKDII.I.O. 

" Ere yon low nrttlc in his bed " 

(Began 6 in who had brought us here), 

" Desire not down . :n to be led ; 

er will observe how they 

Ot :li then in the d.ilc. That one 

totting, 'mid the throng, 

As [,. DM duty he had kfl undone, 

Who moves hi b the rest in song, 

Was Rodolph, Emperor, DO who might have healed 
Tho«< wounds wl. have so far spent 

That fall other helpers yield. 

The other, thai on soothing him seems bent, 

■ region whence those water . 
Which Moldau bear; to Elbe, and Elbe the sea. 

His name icar, and better far, 

Yea, in his very swaddling-robe, was he 

Than Vincislaus his big'beexded son 
Whom luxiiTy anil ease havr made so gn 

And he of slender nose, who, with the one 
So bland of aspect, seems in consult close, 

ad in dust his lilies laid. 
Look ! how he beats the breast he calm ! 

Mark too his mate there sighing, who hath made 
For his pale cheek a pillow of his palm ! 

One is the* Father of that pest of France, 
: well they know 

Hit oh life I this misery is the lance 

That to the core cuts either of them so. 

A ad he so ;; 
Singing with him there i tily nose, 

Of every virtue pot the girdle OB ; 
And if that youth behind him in repose 

Had after him reigned in his F.ultar's stead, 
Virtue from vase to vase had been well poured, 

Which of the othct ly not be said, 

Frederic a how o'er those kingdoms lord, 

In whom that better heritage lies dead. 
Rarely doth human goodm • i it 

Through the tree's branches: He hath willed it so 



Tkf Russian LL 

oon ofcxecllei men 

Should ask of ium who can alone bed 

these word* of mine al 
Than the large nose there) 

urneth, and r 
So ill the tree doth with its stock 

. 10 much more of her good lord 
Con* mts hers: .-e: may, 

■ of simplest life, 
Ham : there survey 

iche* arc more blest I 
with uplifted ga/c 
nor.' . uin the re 

i * cause the trays 

. Mon/crrato and the Canavese." 






••w. 



»»«£»«A9 V 



ot*T the «ii|>cnii r»:fcrr ihin 



A cnoo lion 

Olga von Sem 

tortorc loved by the | 
in the summer, she visited her 
ia Paten, to bi >orae 

i the healthy country sir, the 
A th_ 
acthcx has com. 

e p ',. and 

T countenance hi '.the 

*7 of every one. 
r mother is sick," sa: ! 
■ Hex face is pale, and her kind 
• ough she wept often. 
tress, 
if preserve hei 

at and »uf- 

.-d in 

aflontoh iicirmoth- 

i the noble 

ntinoed to be dim with weep- 



ing, and her sorrow seemed to in- 

i!y. 

She i m a 

room of her palace ; her hands were 

cd together, and slw gazed ab- 

ibre her. while I 
med down her ch( 
site to her on the wall hung ■ 
upon which ll 
eyesj but hci 

:;l of the 

>n of soul, as seen 

sublime and \ . 

grief of a mother. 
The sound of approach 

are heard. The baroness m 

1 away her tears, and 

ed to receive with 

man, who, Upon entering, saluted her, 
:a rejoiced, dear Edwar ■•:. 
have come to visit u» at 
ed summcr-r; said she. 



28 



The Russian Idea. 



"The invigorating air of the country 

will be of great service to you. Your 

application to study i 
jink and you must 

therefore remain with us for scver.il 
week 

He hardly seemed to hear her 
words of welcome, so lost was he 

ranee of 
his noble hostess. 

■ I must ask your pardon, gnu tout 
lady, for having disturbed your quiet 
household ighl.at such a late 
hour," mid he ; •• but the train was 
delayed, and 1 COuM not find a car- 
riage to bring mc hi 

" No formal excuse is necessary, 
Edward I Have you spoken jrel 
with d 

fly a Ggw words. H 
betrothed." 
These latter words made such an 
impression upon the l>.~: At it 

seemed as though a sword had pierc- 
ed her heart. The emotion did not 
escape the observation of the young 
gentleman, and, together with ha 
him that her 
in sonic way the cause of her 
unl-.appiuess. 

" O sorrowful mother that I am I" 

she exclaimed, '■ to tee my Adolph, 
ruy only child, rushing into certain 
fortune, perhaps into ctcrn.il ruin, 
and I unable to help or save 
—how it pains and terrifies W 
Her I found 

difficulty in preserving herself-. 
maud. 

■ You alarm me, dear baroness ! 
Why should Adolph fall into such 
deep misery because of his marriage 

tU to predict? Be 
Alexandra truly and sincerely, lie 
praises her noble qualities, her mag- 
nificent beauty, her accomplishments, 
and therefore I sec every prospect of 
a happy life for them both. " 

" Alexandra is beautiful, very beau- 
tiful!" replied the baroness sadly; 



" bul I >or beauty, 

lett as it : 

illty of mind as well 
blinds my son. Alexandra's 
loveliness prevents him froi 
the ugliness of her heart, 
spirit." 

The young professor secm< 
perplexed He knew tl 
css was an admirable judge oi 

ml he loved bis I 

"Adolph wrote to n 
letter that Alexandra is the c 
of a Russian nobleman nan 
Itunowski, who fills tin- 

. ernor of a p 
Poland. I should think 
daughter of a man to w 

. o govt rnment has 
such a trust would rese 
II r." 
■• She i 
the I' 

her father is tfa rate 

the k 

is imperious, proud, lyi 
utterly destitute of feeling 
know the inhumanities : 
i upon Catholic Pol 

ion of oppn 

Completely crushed the 
Poles, from whom everyt 
taken — lobe ion, pro: 

fife. In this atmosphere of c 
anny and injustice Alexan 

i :i ep From her chfldh 
lias breathed an air which hi 
all the gentle emotions of tli 
word, Alexandra is a t 
iao. How, ihen, ran 
with his respect for the ri 
with his enthusiastic love of 
with his studious disposition i 
and bis warm heart — how ca 
happy in the possession of 
wife ? Never ! A terrible i 
ing, bitter sorrow, and 1. 

will soon poison the lifi 
child." 
" I believe you, dear 



*? 



L«r; in arc 

ate cxe «c -■— 3 mi ir^r- 

hi> ~U"i=>£ JiT-CC.-TT 3:r A "l"L7~ - 

fces c=b asar" sa *! 5j rscrs- 
cs.' 

sue E dmaud . x±s sre^i 
■a, - we cr&ii aciy rarcre-i 
g Ad-:>'r--h hrre i cj'iser JBCchr. 
•xa-dra's ra- — e asi stc-^itl 
im s=re that as wr^Td r=ra 
os:-n fraa ic* 
ia this lies oe casbr. dear 
L The Rawsaai sriderscani 
>«- to conceal by aa arrticiai 
recaeaecx their real spcr.r-ul 

7-' 

Kwitastaacicg aj this, the 
est be torn from toe tier of 
ssiaa lady, ia order to save 
I know what to do '. My 
ul succeed" exclaimed the 
r. 

at do you intend doing, Ed- 
ill enlighten my friend Adolph 
d to Russian manners. Do 
stion me any further, dear 
:, but confide in me '." said he, 
cheerful face. "Wipe away 
irs, and have courage, noble 

owed and then sought the 
; of his host Adolph, a state - 
g man with a kind face and 
iressive eyes of his mother, 
t concluded a letter to his he- 
re you at last finished writ- 
isked Edward. " You lovers 
now when to stop. I wonder 
au have to say to each other 
r day ?" 

icart that loves is inexhaust- 
replied Adolph. " I could 
n letters a day, and not say 
sh." 

now it," said Edward, nodding 
d. 
ut do you know ?" 



- iJK rsir-ress re jm- rr 

whir, i is zr jrr; , JTms x -- 3i£*s 
rs j:t-. rhs wrri.". wli ores ;»* ja 
eai ." it exhhr=«d £Aa£-hr»res£y. 
"As the dry c«f M^: i^s -ssrriSed 
cw her fires, » alsc ci= yrc write 
rrcc ycer frcsh-rad. ■ No oee has 
ersr caoqased =.■£." Ah-cr-^h yea 
sr«ai with zrei: widen abc-: =sarry 
thirds, yea ta« nocV'-g cr Irre." 

- B=r I ara of the orros.:e cj-ia- 
13^* said Edward. kviing with his 
br",';,n: eyes at the lar-ghir.;: rice oc 
his triezd. - Yo-r Icve is aic-t six 



c:or:.i5 o.^ 



sa; ra;r:e cj 



lasted 



tor 



ten years : i: coasaiesced when I was 
sixteen. My love has been put to 
the test, and is sri7.i as cr.ourir.g as is 
was in the begicair.g. Your voting 
love of oniy six months* dura::."<a m»t, 
however, be tried as yet How will 
it be when ten years have passed 
away, and Alexandra's beauty has 
faded ? My beloved, on the contrary, 
never grows old. She is always young 
and beautiful, like her Father, the 
eternal fountain of all knowledge — 
like God; for mv beloved is — Know- 
ledge." 

" You malicious fellow, to remind 
me of Alexandra's future wrinkles! 
I do not care, however, for my be- 
trothed is at present the handsomest 
girl living." 

" I will not deny the fact," said 
Edward. " And if you will introduce 
me into the much-to-be-envicd at- 
mosphere which the beautiful Rus- 
sian breathes, you will oblige me and 
my beloved very much." 

" I do not understand you !" 

" I wish, in other words, to know 
something of Russian affairs by means 
of my own observations," replied 
Edward. " I would like to make a 
study of her government for the 
benefit of the Germans." 



The Russian Idea. 




t the benefit of the Ccr- 

■-, indeed ; for it is a well -fa 
Cart that the Russian system of gov- 
erwrat a to be gradually introduced 
tsio the German Empire. A begin- 
rang bas already been made by cn- 
actiag the famous lav. the 

Jesmts and kindred orders. Alex 
draS father is the highest official of 
kk district. Through him i could 
easily obtain a peep iriiosiu'..' 
if you would recommend mc." 

"With the greatest pleasure 
friend:" exesainxd Adoipb, springing 
bom his chair in joytul surprise. 
■ We v. ill go together. I will intro- 
you myself to the governor, a 

t in the interest of yotn 

eve: 

myself 10 Akxandi 

ir. 
a lucrt. 

were 
! isumon-ski pa' 
ttely buil the pro- 

perty of a noble Polish family whose 
ilyson now languid beria. 

• !, the govern- 
or v. re- 
ceived them with the greatest 

rd found the youthful 

. ery beautiful in ippear- 

ance, but liis keen ( 

beneath the suifaec of her charming 

exterior a spirit of such mor.il deform- 

j became really alarmed in 

■ the fate which threatened 

ricud if he persisted in uni 

What an agrec- 

, an imperial joy ! And 
I also will be imperially delighted 
to sec you and your : 

at, Alexan- 
I Adolpli. 
> v for a few hours. H 

ished gentleman from 



Berlin. I expect him any moc 
and his surp: i 

The professor sc< ink 

at her language. 1 1 c availed himself 
of the first suitable opportunity 

Ige, 

"Pardon mc, mad* ; youj 

e word imperial in a manner J 

wh rnprchcnsible to 

; of a really imperial 

a truly imperial surprise. V 

permit mc to ask j 

s peculiar cxpressir 
•• - ' lied thro 

the holy she 

i. with a haughty 
would know that we use the 

the same sense as 
in Germany say divine. Are 
amated at thai 

•• Indeed, mademoiselle," answe 
the professor caln.i rer 

ginc<l that the words imperial 
divine could be synonymous, for I 

. . : ■ : . . :. 

ence between the enijieror and I 
ic sat 
but we in our 

i the arrogant 
I l-.issw, the emperor is the 
1 of beings ; he is the ant 
Russia, and ujxmj hi 
tlie sun i If we 

be highest degree 01 
; ie, of pic my* 

and she threw her head proudly I 
rial joy 
ial pleasure, an imperial 

•' I am greatly indebted to yon I 
' --aid I 
professor, bowing low. 

At this moment, the sound 

riagc was heard. 
"They have arrive 

our > 
r from ft. 
it necessary for papa to absent 
self so often T 



The Russian Idta. 



3» 



rOBpuy, dear Alexandra, 

your 

said Adolph von 

aule voices in 

ded through the 
a tooj.cn the 
isaloa. 
who do you think is 

be ddiglv. 

I st ? On i : ee ron 

replied a rough voice, 

entered the room. 

lelera: -ntlc- 

: appearance, and mire 

»; but his rubicund 

appetite, was almost 
on account of 
eye*. The visitor from 
was a tall, 
man, with a 
eyes, a heavy mustache, 
en '.:th, 

oot less disagrec- 
! those of the Russian. 
i Scmpach? Is 
iimcd the governor, 
future son- 

Pro- 

" said Adolph, intro- 
; com pa; 
1 seemed to i 

be looked 
i contempt at the stt. 
I his bow with a scarcely 
of the h< 

I 
pacify the ill-':. 

inform you, governor," 
n a whisper, " that my (Hi 

itin- 

Dsition ; and not only 

[owner ol tcs, 

•of t*a millions of 

highly honored a: 



]>re i-iy house, Herr li, 

t.ic- BOW polite Russian. •" Allow 
me to introduce to you mod 

guest, Herr Schulze, of Berlin." 

ID made a desperate 
■, and to force : 
art to return tl:. 
soi's bow. 

" ! of my friend to your 

ant time, a scien- 
tific : view," said 
•• He desires to learn something of 
Russian affairs by personal 

You will therefore oblige mc 
i>, Governor Rasumon- 
il by means of your hi^h ofn 
position you consent to further his 
wishr i espect." 

"What a happy . re!" re- 

plied the ; . with a d| 

glam 

•• 1 krr Schulzc has conic for the same 
purji' nS to inform 

hirnsi rd tii the glor 

ministration of state and six 
affairs in our holy an) 
course with a different motive from 
that ol 1 i err llcck, whose researches 
are of a jm; 

"1 ledge of which I am 

inpu: practical ends," said 

Hen i learned air. 

" I wish to exatoim ic if the 

admirably constructed machinery of 
the Russian fj it cannot be 

introduced with advantage into the 
I icrman Empire.'' 
•• I sin rejoiced W hear you spe 

Beck j "for your 
opinion in regard to the policy now 
in force throughout the new German 
Empire corresponds with mine. Since 
the last Diet, i BM evident to 

mc that in future Germany must be 
governed as Russia now i 
map dded, with a 

mowski, ' lea not only have a 

Russian Poland, but also a German 
Ruasi 



"Rejoice at such a beneficial 
change, gcnilcmn. imed the 

gov. . ins can I 

from and profit by li • of 

oar holy Russian Empire. In no 
com i earth is there a stronger 

govemn. nowhere has the 

.ken less root, 
than in the immense territory of the 
ciar. Of course, in Germany, some 
tittle cOBcesaont must be made at 
. until an iton-bound constitution, 
like that of Russia, can be formed — 
above rH, n German princes 

must be • 

is been already 
mule; it is only necessary to i 
tinocour effort?," replied t 
mm. 
"See rrith what regularity 
>cecds with I 
Rasumov c wheels of 

e arc controlled by the will of one 
, of our gracious sovc; 
:ror" — and he ma. RDM 

before the marble statue of the ciar. 
•- Whoever docs i c will of 

the xm-reign will 
into atoms." 

A servant announced dinner. The 
party entered the dining room, where 
a DtagniC ::>|UL-t was served. 

whole attention of Adolpb. was 
absorbed by Alcxamlra, and Edward 
saw with «leep regret his bur: 
passion for a crc.ituie who »| ■ 
worthy of his noble-minded fi i 

us everything moves with regular- 
iimowski. " W'c do not 
asl contradiction. 
word liberty has no meaning nit'; 

with 
us the fundamental law of the emp re, 
I whoever doe] . to obey 

roust go t, i 

:. there 
docs not Rum any funda- 

mental law of state," saul licefc. 
■ Or am I wrong ?" 



■ j you arc right, 
nothing about it. The k>v« 
• !i of the emperor, 
but what the emperor comi 
legal power. 'Die meeting 

, Chambers, and of JDi 
heard ol in Russia. The all* 
of the ciar answers instead > 
laws and decrees, no matter 
they have ex be 

by the emperor with one sin 
pen. To him, as the sovcrci, 

ig belongs: the COUOb] 
people, the peasants and ih 
the church and the state. 

ao be said that the on 

Ml law of state in the I 

•':.:: ubt 

the will of the < 

said Schu 
we I the sami 

in our new German Empire 

- 1 

manner of government car 

tto Germany," rcpl 

i ere the people have a 1 

makes itself heard i.i the ( 

" IJali : of what accoun 

and the Chambers ?" i 

Schulxe ' y. * 

ledge candidly, Hen Bed 

miserable >.*hanibex 

cently played. Is not the ■ 

chancellor the only law! 

cverylhi: e to tl 

c wisdom of Bismarck } 

Deputies, Chambers, or Di 

contradict the all-powerful 

No I They only make sue 

are pleasing to their master 

fore I am right when 1 say 

people no longer have a vo 

new German Empire. Wa 

Id and the ant:quate< 

Chambers and Diets will 

I enti 
rect," said Adolpb von 
" A strong party in the D 
posed to the designs of liisn 






33 



fs.il- 

HR. " But wc arc prepared 
ta; re will conquer this rcbel- 
kt, so hostile to the empire;" 
. with" 211 th of 

i. "The ultramontane* in Ccr- 
form only a rapidly disappear- 
T^l.ble, so dan- 
lotheMat.. . 

rw German Em 

n its support. I 
inking roan will ice that in a 
paired state but one will 
mount, and not two or i 
uls. The emperor alone must 
I 

people, away with the will ol 
l* form of the Rus- 
♦ernment alone is sound ; for 
le emperor is the head of 
e and of the church. The 
Seers role according to the 
id of U»c emperor — in a word, 
ing is done, as the governor 
Brcdy remarked, wiih rcgu- 
And whoever docs not 
Si be sent to the mines of 

Sempach, whose countenance 
•ridenoe of bis disapproval, 
to re i it a sign from 

d, be remained siR 

-cd, Siberia is a spl 

■::. "The 
rman Empire must also 
• rebellious 
n be sent." 

Scrman a .tinue to 

lemsdves so closely after the 

. vsc will undoubt- 

cry soon," said 

jfctsor, with an ambiguous 

beat Siberia, what would we 
:aruly Poles?" 
i, "j daughter of 

e wretches can 
ition, 
XVI l— 3 



h.-.ving disobeyed the 
Emperor of Rui 

.marks, all co- 
iolph's face : he looked 
amazement at his beautiful be- 
trothed. Beck, however, noticed n 
secret dt: impression she had 

mule upon his friend. 

■■ i an really 
said iw the people of the 

holy Russian I re, and if I 

supremely ha: 

m shall h.: of it this 

afternoon," said the We 

will drive in half an hour to 

me city. The vil- 
•dby Roman Gttiioj 
but even there yor that the 

will of the emperor 

All now rose from the table ; the 
guests retired (Q iheil momsj but 
Adolph, who seemed greatly depi 
light the Bi 

i you like Alexandra? " 
"She is, in truth, imperially beauti- 

i&SWtred Heck. 
" But you heard her cruel remarks 
about the poor Poles?" 

, 1 heard what she said, and 
am not astonished that a 

whose father is governor, should 
k as he docs ; it is scry natural.'' 
replied the professor. 

Adolph appeared to be over- 
whelmed with sadness. 

31 ron not go with us on our 
tour of inspection ? " asked Edward. 
•• Alter such a painful exhibition of 
andra's sentiments, 1 need some- 
thing to distract my thoughts." 

" Have you noticed that die bust 
and portrait of the emperor, seated 
on his throne, is to be seen in every 
corridor, chamber, and salon of the 
.; c? " remarked Edward. " He is 
like an idol in the house, before 
which even the lovely head of Alex. 

t bows in reverence. 1 
is of the highest interest to me. M 
roust have a god, a sovereign being, 




ussuin 



Idea. 



to serve. In Russia, the emperor 
pi ; and Almighty God 
in heave 

the vasal of the emperor; for bish- 
ops, priests, and popes can only teach 
ami preach that which the impciial 
sovereign commands and permits. 
And such a sovereign i upon 

the throne o'- German Era 

pire! A glorious prospect for us!" 

"Ridiculous nonsense!" exclaim- 
ed the young noblci Ger- 
man nation would never submit to 
:. a yoke of tyranny. Germans 
will never bed 1 1 " 

"Do not be too confident. Von 
Scmpach ! A keen observer has 
said thai . arc a I 

" But they never will be the davca 
of a Russian czar," replied Von 9 
pach. " The German people, two 
v<^rs ago, jaw ample proofs of what 
they can do. Like our imaginary 

v who for a long lime al 
cd himself to be kicked about and 
abused, but who suddenly shook off 
his lethargy, and fought like a lion, 
so will it be with Germany, which 
seems to have fallen into a state of 
good-humored torpor, during which 
cunning men have taken advantage 
of her apparent indifference to de- 

M her gradually of her ancient 
privileges; but let the Germans once 
feel the weight of Russian despOti 
and you will see with what fury they 
will break loose the chains that bind 
them." 

Ten minutes later, the carnage of 
the governor rolled through the streets 
of lb c city. II e had gi ven orders to be 
driven over a well paved public road 
to a neighboring village. At a short dis- 
tance from the carriage followed four 
Cossacks, mounted on small horses 
from Tartaiy. One of them carried 
in the belt of his sabre a very p 

• A hoc (Irca la iaidm to tb« Genu m- 
Uc«. 



" 



liar instrument. Attached to a 
wooden handle were : 
straps of leather, which termin 
nonly 
" the pleti," and was, by the 
roand of the E: i icholM 

as a substitute for the not 

IcacM 

J ust as the village becan 
hind the rowsof trees that border 
public road, the governor conn- 
ed the driver to stop. In 
from the window, he had obs 
upon a lately cleared space, a 

if wooden huts which we 

I short distance from th 

"What is the meaning o 
Who has dared to build these 
he cv in amazem 

"They look very roue 
barracks in Berlin," said Sc 
" Some poor wretches built hul 
side of the city because they 
not earn enough to 
The fact of theii being permit 
in so near Berlin is a d: 
to the intclligci: • capi 

the new empire. It will be 
Icnll to remove them." 

" I shall not tolerate such thi 
my district," said the Rvissii 
ruptly. 

The carriage proceeded on it 
and stopped before a han< 
house, the residence of the i 
who was the only person in f 
lagc who belonged to the K 
state Church. This man bsVi 
eyes and an immense 
tache; and it was evident, 
the odor of his breath, that h 
been imbibing freely. When sui 
in I I >cforc the governor, he assu 
most abject appearance, and hi 
seemed really to shrink while 
presence of the powerful oiTicia 

■ H hit huts are those outs 
the village?" said Ratal 
dressing him roughly. 

"To reply, with your honor' 



The Russian Idea. 



35 



», they are the dwellings of 

ttlcd 

Thr. .- orderly, pay 

I and 

i loot, 3:: 1 ibi h means." 

ho gave ihetn permission to 

(hoc; 

be parish, your he: 

■ 
■j to the parish." 
Ren, and obey my orders ! " 
ae goTcn 1 esc huts 

k taken down with' 

aprror has not given this 

::iay 

■vermin. If them' 

rent houses in the village, 

M go further, perhaps to 

t there is plenty of " 



I 





r of the village bowed 

friend Adolph, 
catty revolted at the 
ad. 
I of Berlin, on the eon- 
; though he had beard 
would prove of incal- 
1 benefit to mankind, 
•.t did thi 
ch last Sarp sked 

permission of your 
on redcrap- 
Jesas Christ" 
-akc no mention of the 

say nothing 
i due the emperor ?" 

ooce, and bring the priest 

ion at 

Erae in the city, 
m the m' 



he must appear before me, and bring 
his ft 

The I . iblc obei- 

priest piesu 
-?" 

the Ru 
man Catholic priests who preached 
about the Pope were sent 10 
said about bin 
•' With regard to other mat! 
arc things progr 

your honor I After 

the tweni families were 

to Siberia, all the inhabitants arc 

willing to die in obedience to 

good emperor. The people are all 

no one wishes to go into 

'• In how D I >er- 

many," said the governor to his 
guests, " can you find the people so 
contented and ready to give their 
lives in obedience to our good 1 
pcror? it in 

the holy Russian Kmpi: 

entletncn, follow me to 
the schoolhousc, so that you no 
sec how Russia educates her sub- 
jects." 

They left the ma-. fence, 

and crossed the street to the school 
house. 

" I must tell you in adv. 
observed Rasumowski. "that in Rus- 
sia we do not cultivate a fancy for 
popular . 

lied to be taught three 
■s: to obey, to work, and to pay 
taxes. In this coi »W- 

ledge; it is till h re- 

volves our national education." 
lie opened the school door. 
illt one hum 1 .: reo, dirty 

and poorly clad, sat upon 
benches. The schoolmaster, who 
already espied the arrival of the 
governor, bowed in fear and trem- 
bling. 




Idea. 






it wiih the children of 
the you ful- 

fil jrour duty in obedience to my 
I?" 
••I endeavor to do 

I i r." 

: :.t!l convince myself, ar 
same qu 

of our state religion," said the gov- 
cmor. 

He called up several children, and 
began to i h ques- 

tions were as re cr- 

esting to sor as were the 

ret*. 
" Who a your sovereign lord ?" 
• good emperor of holy Kus- 

ial do you owe to the em- 

a] obedience, love, 
and payment • 

• in uh.-.t does ::.!. happiness of a 
Ru$> I ?" 

l>cing a brave soldier of the 
good empei 

lere docs the soul of man go 
alter death ?" 

" To heaven or to hell." 
'• What SOul goes to heaven ?'" 
••That sou! which aim 
the good emperor and owes no 

bat soul goes to hell ?" 

"That »<>ul which was disobedient 
to the emperor." 

The governor turned towards his 

- Vnu have already commc:; 
system of compulsory education in 
. ' said he; " but when you 
succeed i i ing a state church, 

and have a catechism of State rcli, 
will the new German Empire, 

able to educate subjects 
who must obey him blindly." 

now turned again to the chil- 
dren. 
•• Is there a pope in Rome?" 

child who was questioned 




looked at the teacher, 
come as pale a 

■■ Answer mc ! la tl 
ted the go 
i; there is OOlj 
who is at time the 

.-.II the Russians,* 1 replied the 
ooolmastcr, 1 am satis 
I Rasumowski app 
" Jt*OU know that the on] 
which every good Ru- 
is to work diligently, to [i 
id to blindly I 
ror. These three 
mast upon the : 

child; 

The about 

the schoolroom, when he • 
Stopped) •'""' h came 

with anger. He I 

■:, which ll 

rrame on the wail, i 

ma broker 

i oiled with a i\-w ink-ata 

■■ Schooliaaster, what is 

claimed the goi rious 

. your hoi 
the trembling teacher. " , 
bov threw his inkstand at 

"And you, miserable wnl 
you arc, lefi it thus disfigui 
tht-'AullI Follow me!" 

The governor, with his gtl 
the teacher, left the room, 
tcrcd an office where the mil 
his s 

iioolmaster!" began 
crnor, " you deserve to be si 
, l or you Roman Catri 
only fit for the mines. 1*1 
blind obedience, and deny 
of the emperor to comt 
church affairs; you are i 
belling against the empire, a 
you should, therefore, be 
exile. For your insolence, 
in leaving the portrait of 
emperor in this negh 
will receive ten blow 



Tfu Russian Idea. 



forwar wni- 

moned the Cossack 
xd the instrument of tor. 

xl, give ten heavy strokes 

the teacher to s: 

emparh and Beck, findil 
conceal : 
c room. 1 
»cy heard the 

lash and the screams 
teacher. 
I Jose my sense?," s.ii.t 

! has h . grown op 

scenes?" 

was delighted to hear 

mrfred, a very dcmoral 
r a woman to brca: 

be that Alexandra has 
ie conUtoinati.-n: influence 
COStr s ske also 

og and the delicacy of her 

tulzc ap- 

• I the 

•A cm 

unuans aecusl im ourselves 

things, ith other 

itthutioi Uo 

into the new German 

I will team to think 

an instrument as ix the 

- of thecartm. 
rive oxen and dot: I. 
pr»JV 

ew German I has al- 

Dduced a punishmi: 

which causes as much 
e plcti," laid Adolph von 
* 1 hare read repeatedly 
that soldiers, while 



upon drill, have fallen fainting to the 
ground. The reason* being 

compelled to carry heavy stones is 
ilicir strength 
gave ". 

" It is a Russian invention that 
you have borrowed from us ; 
have long practised ncd 

Ran 

ipose we have also 
adopted youi i nf mili- 

t.:ry arrest, which I .Mottkc 

ingeniously r< 
that even in time ol peace the sol- 
dier owes his health to hii country." 
•• Yt up the 

ttrict discipline,'' exclaimed 

I Moltke should have 

said that the soldier owes his health 

and life to the emfiovr, and not to the 

•y. Words are useless; acts are 

When leaving the house, there 
were a numb' ; n en, and 

children outside who awaited the 
governor. At seeing him. they all 
fell upon their knees, a! up 

ton. 

•• Pardon I Mercy! Hun 
were heard in I 

•• i. led Ka- 

rnes; < 

are the poor 
people who live in They 

ask you, : 
siroy their only 

• \ . Dg me to i\o a thing 
God I the govern- 

or harshly. " If they had asked me 
to do the emperor's sake, 1 

would perhaps have granted their 
request. Begone! Away with you I 
rdera are to be obeyed !" 

The people, h >wevcr, did not rise, 
but burit forth into fresh lame 
and tears. 

•Your honor," said an old man, 

"gractoi I to US, as the goo 

would do, who always wishes 



The Russian Idea. 



p his people. We built those 
tt permission of the parish, and 
ire to make a living in an hon- 
*y. We par the taxes, and are 
i debt to the emperor. If your 
- destroys our huts, whither shall 
oar people go ? Must we live 
the Soxes and wolves in the for- 

Is this the will of the emperor ?" 
"he emperor desires his subjects 
x in comfortable houses, for 
i reason the huts must be re- 
6," asswered Rasumowski. 
"oar hocor, we have no means 
ud comibrtabie houses," replied 
id man. - Look at the little 
en ; they will die if the orders 
3r honor are executed." 

will bear no more: it is the 
ror*s will '." exclaimed the gov- 

i words "It is the emperor's 
had the most disheartening ef- 
poo the poor people. The hag- 
wrescaedir-clad assemblage 
war to despair, bat a low mur- 
ntil thai was heard. 
s=x/wski tooted triumpbandy 
guess, as if he had said in so 
■wvcGi : - Yoa see what the 
I is* nsjttrxx can do V 
: the j«*es3or was not to be 
rtsi. Toe suppressed wrath 
t rescie =: tie iaces of the men 
•x. txay aha. 

yvu-_z r<f ~. rose humbly from 
vxi. izA. ievked with strangely 
tu{ tr« i^xaa the governor. 
; t, jjtx trae '. — the emperor does 
■jasfX. wits bs to suffer !"' he 
ttuzi. 

bimowtii iacied with astonish- 
a: 'jjt IsjiA youth. 
Ivm -if* yn kio* that it is not 
a. 'A ~-\x *=speror f" he asked. 
nt eugtne i* human, but what 
S.vmtsu>; « iihuataaT' answer- 

t i.uabii £ vrssaor absolutely 



<! Fifteen lashes with th 
give it to him soundly !" he i 
walked towards the carriaj 
drove slowly through the vi 

Adolph von Sempach sa 
ed and silent What he 
and heard did not tend t 
the character of the beaut 
andra in his estimation, as 
marks concerning the crue 
the unfortunate Poles se 
prove that she had inherits 
barous disposition of her fat 

" Do you hear the screar 
insolent fellow ?" said the 
" The pleti is unfortunate! 
affair — it has not sufficient s 
force. The old knout w 
better; for it was made ■ 
leather straps, intertwined \ 
The Emperor Nicholas I. ii 
this new knout, however — i 
ever the czar does, is well d 
if I were consulted, I woi 
the old knout again into us< 

44 1 fear, governor," sa 
" that even the new knou 
pleti would meet with invin 
position in Germany." 

44 You are mistaken," ans 
Russian. "The Germans 
be subdued — the German r> 
bow to him who has th 
Now, gentlemen, I will s 
some evidences of the indus 
farmers," he continued, •* 
carriage had left the village 
at our abundant crops ! 
man farmer can hardly • 
Russian. You find everywl 
of prudent husbandry as \\ 
diligence and perseverance. 

Herr Schulze gave a tok« 
sent, the professor knew 
about agriculture, and Yon 
preserved a gloomy silence. 

44 Do you see that villa; 
Rasumowski, pointing in 
direction. " All the inhat 
Roman Catholics, with the 



The Virgin Mary ft> Christ on the Crosse. 



39 



or, of course; but for ten 
rlarebeen with' 
dinae service, without a 

: I see a church," remark- 

, the church is there, bat it 
I dosed for ten yean. The 
Catholic pastor, who 
ching upon the di^- 
| the liberty of the 
God, and even of the pope 
dangerous things, was 
I to Siberia, and the church 
I by my coramr, 

your eminently practi- 



obscrved the guest 
from Berlin. '• We would not dare 
et to do such a tiling in the new 
German Empire." 

be done in good 
in. 
The carriage, in returning, had by 
this time reached the outskirts of the 

•• Ah !" exclaimed Herr Schulre in 
joyful surprise, "the huts have al- 
ready disappeared I thai! write at 
once to my friends in Berlin, and ap- 
prise them of the expeditious man- 
ner in which the Russian govern- 
ment acts." 



UB I" OTX »*TT HUMftCft. 



[RG1N MARY TO CHRIST ON THE CROSSE. 

| hath dirod that glorious face ? what seas of gricfe my sun doth 

raies of heauenly grace lies now eclipsed on the crossc. 

', my Sonne, my God. behold Thy mother washt in t caret : 
Kfdie woundes be made a rod to chasten these my latter yeare*. 

tell Icwes, come worke y • ;>on this woithlesse flesh of mine: 

|e not ctemall fire, by wounding Him which i» diuine. 

seager that didst impart His tirst descent into my wombc, 

p me now to deaue my heart, that there I may my Sonne iutombc. 

(pels all, that present we: i with harmonic ; 

you not now readie here, to make a mow phony ? 

w, you waile alone and shed your tcarcs in sccrcsic, 
iboold moued be lo mone, by force of beauie companic. 

ltd, thy comfort dies, my wofull womb 6nit ; 

teares unto my cics, let Sorrow string my hcauy V 

—South 



40 



Pott and Martyr. 



POET AND MARTYR* 



PART FIRST — MARTYR. 

* Hoist ap mil while gale doth but. 

Tide and wind suy no man's pleasure : 
Seek not time when time Is past. 

Sober speed is wisdom's leisure. 
After-wits are dearly bought. 
Let thy fore-wH guide thy thought." 

"Time wears all his locks before. 
Take thou hold upon his forehead ; 
When he flies, he turns no more. 
And behind his scalp is naked. 
Works adjourn'd hare many stays ; 
Long demurs breed new delays." 

^ -Rtttrt Sntkwell, 1593.7 



CoarCMKlNO the writer of these 
beautiful lines, the English historian, 
c,. w makes the following brief men- 
g^ in his ChronuU: "February 20, 
^V-_- —Southwell, a Jesuit, that 
]Z?2 time had lain prisoner in the 
Xorwer of London, was arraigned at 

Ave King** B« ich bar - He was con - 

i^rusd, and on the next morning 

4ra.-j.Ti from Sewgate to Tyburn, and 

jK^re nanjrtd, towelled, and quar- 

f^^uL'* fVJOX th»« account we are 

^•.^5 tc, discover that the man 

-,rtWte jartw'Jal murder Stow thus re- 

f ,xA*w** V* *> ' leath ** "y of- 

^^.a Kite w*t «*? bdng a Jesuit, and 

fjt iuwa* " u ' aJ - t " ae k" 1 m P" 500 

uv *v> '$***& f * London." And yet, 

A rt,'w **».«(* *e case, Stow tells the 

«in»0*" * *^ • ^ Sw *" €n was g^ty 

^ AA HVwJ« wtrittw crime than his 
10S/*<V*A tlVWVXKt, znA of suffering 
r Tv» »r»»>rV*»wtt*v«K aa ^ toctnres inflict- 
aA •>'/** iwrti * '•'''«»*'»«««* thereof. 

, f^.A -/■»•« «•<*'/«• -WMIMif ivy F'.M. 

« /,»• r*A"V WW/*** /.Ur»r f . TW Com- 
_^, (*«•*• 4* »<**»« VwiflMsatl, S.J., far the 
•TL. .i#> MW <*«« »*1 •vrflaud wkk Uw 
!»<«|*«* «•* * w, 7 *•"'■»**• *** X»„ and en- 
*i2S *"* **•"* 4*«*lmt4 .ad i»ediicd 
Trnnr *"*« **» *» fefMvM** CAOegc. Laa- 
*^_W ****< «"» **»«i»Urt locrodactioa 
2»l#**et f *" *•* *«««**«» B. Groaart. 
*lV )W«" •••i*'** (Miuaw*. London: 
^.M* (&' •'-'*- '»•*■««•»• >,?. »ieie» only). 



For three years previous to his 

he had been in prison and i 

Tower, had lain in noisome and 

dungeons, and been subjected 

times to torture and the rack. 

the high social position of his f 

the fame of his literary accon 

ments, his admirable and sain tl; 

ing as a missionary priest in En 

for six long years carrying his 

his hand while ministering to s 

tered flock, obliged to move 

place to place in disguise as t 

he were a malefactor, and 1 

from the wonderful fortitudi 

constancy with which he was s 

have suffered torture, his cas 

very generally known in L- 

and deeply commiserated ei 

many Protestants. So dee; 

widespread, indeed, was this 

pathy that, when it was detei 

by the officers of the crown 

and condemn him on one a 

same day, and execute him tr 

moraing, they withheld from tl 

lie all announcement of his exe 

meanwhile giving notice of th< 

ing of a famous highwayman 

other place in order to draw 

concourse of spectators. 

availed not, for there were ma 

kept so close a watch upon the 



Poet and Martyr. 



+1 



•;a:e, to which prison 
ived a few cays be- 
n Sooth wd 
ii to be drawn on a sled or 
lo the place of execution at 
followed by great 
' people, and among them 
of distinction, who 
carrying out 
otence, which was that he 
lied, and 

iders in 

of South' 
I u a judicial rn not 

-ere personal sympathy 
.tdicc, we wiil here 
IgmCOt ot several Pro- 
..«, who speak out 
a manner not to be 
in the valuable Q- 
r.ngluh Literature, by 
xn, we read i og South- 

■i se- 
but z . the seal 

K* of his ace .I, as 

a known, doing an] 
the peace of society, he was 
cade: airoittcd to a 

10 in the Tower, so noisome 
be was brought 
bis clothe) 

in litis his 
of good La 1 a 
to Queen Elisabeth, 

. •• .-.. lie 

-• might suffer 

i.ian, 

her would be 

a to be treated as 

11 well afn 

»hai better lodged, but an 

lit of 1 ith ten 

out his 

and he entreated to be 

lid to have 

lark that, 'if he 

'■»!■ : to be hanged, 

his desire.' 




Being at the trial found non 

nfcssion.of beh 

was condemned to death, 
and executed at Tybum accordingly, 

ted by the old treason laws of 
roughout all these 
scenes he behaved with I IB 
tkudl tig but a highly 

regul 

Mild have prompted." 
Cleveland [Cemfi 
Literature,^ 88),.-.: the dr- 

anew of Southwell's 1 

•cution, remarks : 
•' The whole proceeding shou '■ 
the authors of it with everlasting 

Bjr. It is a foui 
the garments of the mi 
that she can 1 

was not a particle of evident'-, at his 
trial that this pious and accomplish- 
ed poet medicated any ;ns 
against the government. Me did 

he had a perfect right t<> tj 
ay, what it was hi he 

' .curiously thought he ■ 
—endeavor to make converts lo his 
faith, so far as he coidd without in* 
ting with ihe right If 

there be anything I L, it 

is persecution for opinion's sake." 
ibone, in /?»- 

literature, says that Southwell, 
"to the disgrace of the English . 
erami red as a martyr at 

hurt; .• sr, 1595, after three: 

duri 

ten times subjected to the torture, 
lie was a good poet, a good prose 
writer, and a bctt tan than 

rulal persecutors." 
Old Puller, in his N 

it be expected, views 

Southwell »uh a Itro- 

uit eye, and thus dismisses him: 

" KoLrCrt Southwell was born in this 

county (Norfolk), as P 

[though - 'ken 



Poet and 



in his locality, may be believed 
heron, as profcaaing himself familiar- 
ly acquainted with him at Rome. 
Itot the matter it not much where he 
wa* bom, feeing, though cried u, 
men of ha own profession for his 
many books in terse and prose, he 
was reputed a dangerous enemy by 
the sate, for which he was im- 
prisoned and executed March the 3d, 

'595" (wLsLp. >' 

Robert Southwell was the third 
son of Richard Southwell, Esq.. of 
Horsham, St. Faith's, Norfolk. The 
curious in genealogy, while investigat- 
ing family lines associated with the 
ligrec, ha\e found con- 
nected with it, in degrees more or 
lea near, the names of Paston, Sid- 
ney, Ho i. and Percy 
Byssiie Shelley. Of his early years 
there rs but slight record, lave tl'.at, 
tig. he was sent to 
Douai to be educated. From Douai 
he passed to Fferit. and thence to 
Rome,* ,78, before he had 
yet reached the age of seventeen, he 
received into the order of the So- 
ciety of Jesus. On completion of his 
novitiate and termination of the cours- 
es of philosophy and theology, he was 
made prefect of studies of the Eng- 
lish College at Rome. Ordained priest 
in 1584. and, as appears from his letter 
addressed, February 20, 1585, to the 
general of the order, seeking the 
"perilous" errand wherein Ins future 
martyrdom seems ratha to have been 
anticipated than merely referred to as 
a simple possibility,* he left Rome 
on the 8th oi May, 1586, a mioioO* 
ary to hi* native land, or. in other 
won, up bis line of march fin 
the scaffold and for heave 

turally enough, but scant rc- 

1 of the young priest's journey to 

and arrival in Enj -, as the 

mere landing in England by a C'atho- 

• Tor nboll. p. stL 



lie priest was then a 
punishable with death, Soul! 
return to his native country 
rounded as much as po 
crecy. Although yearning toi 
home and embrace his family, 
carefully abstained from going 
them — of doing that vbk':>. 
quaint phrase of the day, "1 
my presence perilous," But he 1 
aware that his father was in da 
i ig, if he had not already ! 
his faith; and these fears 
almost confirmed by the 1 
had formed a marriage with all 
of the court, and that his we 
gave him entrance to com 
which were necessarily violently 
testant. Deeply solicitous for 
father's spiritual condition, he the 
fore addressed him a adtM 

tion and advice, not less rem 
for its tone of affection than 
energy and eloquence. We cite 
in another place. 

D nowN. 

At R time when, as Mr. 
say*, 1 crime to be a Cat! 

lie : it was proof of high treason 1 
be a priest : it was to invite 'hull 
ing' as of a wild beast to be 
Jesuit," we cannot reasonably k 
for many recorded traces of 
Southwell's presence and joui 
to and fro while in England. 
could only move in 
thedarkru t; he was liable I 

be thrown into prison any where I 
the merest suspicion of any irrespon- 
sible accuser. The (cw Cairn 

were ready to gisc him shelter 

so with the halter 

around 1 .ion 

and 1 te the penalty, as they 

well knew, foi 

It is nevertheless certain that his 
refuge in London was the mansion 
of the Countess of Arundel, whose 
husband, Philip Howard, Karl of 



was imprisoned in the 
; *&'i died there, the noblest 
jIous and suspicious 




■•ell's letters to 
uSl exist, but they are 
necessity written in 
I terns and in to guard 

to afford but little hiaoti- 

I. 'oner 
Vat,- .iowuj Pries ft : 

As yet we are alive and well, 
tawonhy. it seem?, of prisons. 
\c oftener sent, to-;. 
from your j' they are 

t wit! ilty; and some, 

(■, have been I 

ndition of Catholic reeu- 
the same as usual, dc- 
e and full of fears and dan- 
more especially since our 
tries have lo. wars. 

Of of oars as arc 
and are 

at liberty 
their heart upon it. nor expect 
• of lone contu Ml by 

tat goodness and mcr^ 
m themselves to suffer any 
sit can come, i soever 

be, - our 

losegreat id the 

x» of their souls, the} 
Bed than for any ten 

:,;o, they appre- 

I two priests, vihn 

Och cruel usagi prison 

Wewt \n scarce be 

ti. What was given them to 

t» to little in quantity, and, 

so filthy and nauseous, that 

ght was enough to turn 

labors to 

Urged them were continual and 

and no 1 kness 

for, with hard blows 



plish their task hoi 

me Their beds wen aw, 

ami their - >me 

then iiun^ up I days by 

the hatnLt, in ' manner that 

they can but just torn 
with the tips of their toes. This pur- 
gatory *■ ry hour, 
in which Topchftc and Voting, the 
two executioners of the < 
exercise all kinds of torment-, lint 
come what pleaseth (• ape 
ire I le to bear all in I 
that strengthens u*. i ibly 

nmend myiel: tcri* 

fices of your reverence and of all our 
friends. (January 15. 1." 

In a work * published so lately as 
1871, we catch a few fugitive ghat 
of Father Robert Southwell. Father 
Gerard spoke of him at the t 
(1585) as " excel i 

ng and gaining Ml ig at 

once prudent, pious, meek, and ex- 
ceedingly 

A descent w3s made by the pur- 
suivants upon a house in the country, 
where the two fathers hop] 
be together, and but fur the devotion 
of the domestics the two mission- 
aries would bare b< 
They escaped, however, Sad |i 
ncyed away together, liar 

danger they were then subjected to 
was that arising from in with 

gentry, Father (Jorard tells of a 
gentleman who violently Ri 
him, and adds: "Alter. SO he 

quite abandoned all mistrust, 1 

.ing and falconry with 
all the detail) that none but a pi 
used person could command.'* He 
con. I For many make sad 

blunders in attempting I 
Southwell, who was . "ly 

• Tkt Ct ■ 
FtUwc GcraeTi paiimiitc. U)irf» 






44 



«7 ana 






companion in many journeys, was 
wont to complain. He (rcquc 
got mc to instruct him in the techni- 
. and used to com- 
plain of his bad memory for such 
things; for on many occasions when 
he : nt gentlemen 

lie found ;t necessary to speak of 
these matters, which are the 
topics of their conversations, save 

i they talk obscenity or bi 
out into blasphemies and abuse of 
the saints or liic Catholic faith." 

danger of possible arrest at 
every house and on every road, fol- 
lowed 1' 1 l>arbarous execu- 
tion, Father Southwell for six long 
years cariicd his life in his hand. 

raonsTAi i 

"Granted," says his Protectant 
biograplicr (Grosart, xi it in 

our Southwell's years 1588 
dud.' I. and that the shadow of the 
coming of the Armada lay across 
England from the very moment of 
his arrival; granted that, in the 
teeth of their instructions, there were 
priests ami members of the Soc 
Of Jesus who deemed they did Cod 
service l.y 'plotting' for the res-.' 
tion of the old 'faith and worship 1 
after a worldly sort ; granted that po- 
ny and civilly the nation w:i 
11 the throes of 
bbotiesj granted that Mary, all too 
sadly, c med her 

epithet of • Bloody * ; granted that 
the rery mysticism, not to say 
of the ' higher' sovereignty 
claimed for him who wore the t 
acted as darkness does with ton 
the mo.(t innocent; granted nearly 
all thai Prott 

apology as defence— it must he re- 
garded as a stigma on the st. 
manship and a stain on the Chris- 
tianity of the reformed Church of 
England, as well as a sorrow 10 
all right-minded and right-hearted, 



that the ' convictions ' of those 

i not in conscience ' change ' at 
the bidding of Henry VIII., Eliza- 
beth, or James were not respected; 
that 'opinion,' or, if you will, 't. 
was put down (or attempted to be 
put down) by force, and that the 
■:\ .nxe and hangman's rope 
were the only instrumentalities 
thought of. The State TrL 
to bring a blush 1 lover of 

his country for the bnital and ■ hard ' 
mockery of justice in the higher 
courts of law whenever a priest was 
concerned! — as later with the I'm. 
and Nonconformists." 

r. MErn»i irrta. 

With malignant pursuit that never 
slackened, and that old peril • 
Paul, •• bite brethren." Southwell's 
arrest wa a mere ques- 

tion of lime. II In day can.' 

and dangi 
the field. The circum: 
follows, from • by 

other an 

1 at l.x-.;. ir Harrow 00 

the Hill, in Middlesex, a 
family by the name of Bellamy, 00 
sionally visited by Southwell for 
purpose of rcl. tion. 

of the daughters. 1 in 

early youth exhibited marks of 
most vivid and unshakable pi 
but having been committed to 
gatehouse of Westminster, her 
gradually departed, and along 
her g formed 

■no with the keeper of the 
she subsequently married 1 
by this step forfeited all da 
she had by law or favor upon her 
father. In order, therefore, to obtain 
some fortune, she resolved to lake 
advantage of the act of 17 Elisab- 
which made the harboring of a priest 
treason, with conl • of- 

fender's goods. Accordingly she sent 
a messenger to Southwell, urging him 



rtyr. 



45 



on a certain 
n tJi!i nther 

■ of what hail 
or under the is 

ssistance 
penitence, went 
time. In then 

nog appr tntl 

ceal. 
father's bou.se and the 
Access, he conveyed the in- 
I rTe, an implar: 
and denouncer of the t'.i 
. . 
i-es, broke 

v, ex- 
he gwe of I ace. 
• ihiiown 
ihere, in 
! him 
• the 
o, complaining of il 
dc. '-ild 
preferable. A letter, <|uali- 
tosart :• uel, 
written by liiis hu- 
i.difie. and ad- 
. a personage than 
the capture 
id states, 
how lie jitonoses further 

i.an>: 

iong 

alehouse). I have marie 
r starting or hurting of 
■ 1 upon his ari 

;* and so to 
or confer- 
any but Nicolas, the un- 
of the gatehouse. . . . 
prest ■•( him it is 

with to enforce i 

and so to 
. true in haste, to the 



end that sucli as he be deeply con- 
iiery may not have 
t makeshift to use any 
me?. .-.ion prisons j ci:l. ci to 

stand upon or against the w.-.!l will 
give But if 

his 
Afar/, to stand against the wall, his 
fitt :', art J his 

Atiu6 put as high as he can rtiKh 
V (iikc a triek at Trems- 
hemarn), will enforce 1 1 

the truth proven by the scqueL* 
. . . I: may please your inajest; 
to consider, I never did take so 
weigh 

The rcaii: rccog- 

nc of 
the mode* of torture then 
mon in use throughout the reign of 
Elizabeth. It seems that it aw 

thing that was io tins poor mar' 

: Sottthwt 

again repeatedly tortured The in- 
timate pctsonal relations existii 
tween the virgin queen and this i 
Topcliffe, whose very name was a 
stencli in the nom testantt 

of respectable behavior, were main. 
taincd long after the Southwell cap- 
ture, as we learn E i>e*t au- 
thority. The cruelty of I 
was only turpttied ici- 
ly, as her im *U only ex- 
led by her men; 

i the tnu ■•'ch 

from one country to another it was 
always at the expense of her ;\ 
and loyal subjects. I the 

announcement of a visit from then 

• TofKlllh hct.- ■ »lti;r»c«t 

llkrat H i Tuimfcwrum trick with great 4tli- 
I ■xtnfact.apiei.'eotBoriiblc lorUlt*. 
MCf vn% 1 . 

ISM 

any CUI 

oajrfataM 

anuUtcr latter 10 S<in>e. »**■ **•■ P- S>- 






good queen, received outwardly with 

such declarations as mi rally 

follow tin? promise of the call of a 

ill etivoy from heaven, W» 
reality looked upon as the coming 
iof a terrible cabun I .s at that 

tiraecoasidered at the English court — 
who all know, all the en. I 

and religious virtues had taken re- 
fuge — an excellent {est to so direct 
the course of the queen's progress as 
to make her visits fall at 
dences of well-known Catholic gen- 
tleman. It is only necessary to say 
iry of all such 
events yet lives in the traditions of the 
descendants I unities as that 

of a day of horror. The royal retinue 
Heated the house like a captured 
place, and it was well for the pro- 
prietor if confiscation or d 
both, were not the sole reward of bb 
gen 

Mr. Topctifie give- lc in- 

formation on this poir.t. On 
30th of August, 1578,11c writes to the 
Earl of Shrew 

news (not in accou best), her 

majesty hath served Qod with great 
real and comfortable examples; for 
by her council the two notorious pa- 
pists, young Rookwood (the master of 
Ewston Hall, where her majesty 
lieu] ...y now a fortnight), and 

one Downs, a gentleman, were both 
committed, the one to the town 
son at Norwich, the other to the 
county prison there, for obstinate 
papistry; and seven more gentlemen 
of worship were committed to sc^ 
houses in Norwich as prisoners; two 
ic Lovclls, another Downs, one 
Bcningx, one Parry, and two 01 

Her majesty, by some 
mc w not, was lodged at his 

(Rookwood's) hoi no- 

mad r highness, but fitter for 

the black 

. 
ordinary thanks for his bad house, 



trtyr. 

and her fair hand to kiss j after 
which it was braved at. But my 

lord chamber: and gravely 

excommunicated f>. •: . called 

him before him. demanded ol 
how he durst pr. 
real presence, lie, unfit to 
•1 person 
said he was fitter for a pair of si 

inded him out of the court, 
and yet to attend her council's plea- 
sure; and at Norwich he was 

tc In the lie 
of the tetter Topdtfl 
majesty's gracious favor and aflianc* 
in your lordship — next some com- 
fort I received ol 

•An heart." 
Tender Topctifie! But we rnti 
have " no scandal about I \ 
bcth," and our most delicate su 
■ for the fair fame 

. the 
ty that the comfort nearest die 
man bloodhound's " own heart " 
something substantial — a coui 
house, an estate, or the like. 

Lodge : 
respi 

i he was dc 
guished as a most implai 
cutor of Ronii : L In 

ter of Sir Anthony Standen, in 1 
he praises the agreeable manners 

ill of Essex, he writes: 
trary to o\ir Tcfdijfixn customs, lie 
hath won more with wor<!s than 
others could do with ra rom 

another letter of the period it appears 
we in the .'an. 

re of the court signified to hunt 

to return to Southwefll 

dungeon 

Tower, a so noisome and filthy that, 

when he was brought out at the 

end of the month, his clothes were 

• Hi w»\ afttrwjt.lv roc-..lc^otd »nd csecctfU 

at * L-- 



Pert and Martyr. 



47 



liis father 
ha oujesty Queen Elua- 
have already men- 
pe: ome 

iled. A better lod 
, and leave accorded 
apply him with " cloaths 
and am>: 
rith book? which he 
were only the : I 

rd. "The 
of boots," says Mr. Orosart, 
of books, and the father 
tiers, for a poet is very n 

ciry 
»t 'spiritual things.' not 
me when 
sister .V 

or others permitted 
By to \ lait I I 

ami txrxi- J JDX 

itJOO Of 

ial and execution as it 
Challoner. 

•d in 
the English College 

Southwell bad been 

; three years in 

sent an epistle to 

that he i 

elf, or at least that 
i might 

: an- 
il he was in so 
i be hanged, he 

desire. Shortly aft-., 
riven that he should be 

«Ar, and there kept 

revioas warning to pit-pare for 
, be was taken out of his dark 
cd to Westminster, 
i his band there at the bar. 




first news of this step towards 
martyrdom filled his bean with a 
joy which he could 
The judges before whom he was 
to appear were Lord Chicf-Ju- 

>«rcn, B .-: 
ans, and Serg; 

as Father Southwell was brought in, 
the lord chief-justice made a long 
and vehement speech against the 
Jesuits and seminary priests, as the 
authors and contrivers of all the 
and treasons which, he pre- 
tended, had been hat ,r >ng 
that reign. 1 read the bill 
of indictment against Father South- 
well, drawn up by Cook, the queen's 
solici: 

nma cult. 

It would be well to remark here 
that Protests- tent- 

ly contend that the missionary pri 

murdered daring the reign 
ni Eb'sabeth were not executed on 
I religion, 
were stirrers up of scxii 
traitors, B m every oaM 

proven to be upon their respective 
trials. The good people who set up 
text arc sadly in ignorance 
of the history of tl riod. So 

bran asserting the 
tence of guilt on the part of such acts 
ied of as commonly constitute 
sedii: n, the statute 

of Elizabeth tinder which they were 
sent to the gallows only made it 
necessary to show that they were 
i. en and Cathol and 

were arrested ad. The 

tute, in fact, CM tantially 

that. 

icicon, or religious or ecclesiasti- 
cal person whatever) I drio the 
realm, shall come into, be, or remain 
iay part of this realm, every 
.ce shall be taken and adju. 
to be high treason." The i: 
against Southwell was " drawn up by 



tt ana 



Cook, the queen's solicitor." 

Omei MS. Novr, "Cook, the 
quectt's 'bei« referred to 

was no less a personage than the 
great Coke. Here » the indictment 

enled by him in Southwell's case, 
from wd d thai the 

prisoner was charged only with the 
crimen of, first, being a priest of I 
lish birth; set rcmaiaed 

in the county of Middle- 

" The jury present, on ihe j>sit of oar 
Wwemgn lady Ihc quern, thai K 
Soutliwcii. laM of London, clerk, born 

wilJi: ■! . i" wit, 

tlic I 

intdq ■ tlic 

i In- in I ordained 

: and pretended 

from the ' i-ic ; not having the 

M, and (lighting 

mutes of this realm of 

J'.ngUtid. vtilhoul ony regard to tbc pen* 

::>eicln contained, on ihc 20th day of 

June, ihc thirty-fourth ye i of 

of our lady ihc queen, al Uxendcn, in the 

COB' i ily, mm) u 

oetnu v to du una al the 

Mllule in HI blth -"'I l""- 

vid< 

!.. hj |he qui ■■:■ bci vir, .i-i-l dig. 

nili< 

The grand |tiry having (bund the 
bill, Father Southwell was ordered in 
come up to the bar. Ha 
obeyed, and, bowing down his head, 
made a low .-• 10 his judges; 

then modestly held up his hand 
cording to custom, and, being asked 
whether he a or not gu 

lie answered, '• I confess th.it 1 
bom land, a subject to 

queen's majesty, and that, by author- 
ity derived from God, I have been 
promoted to the sacred order of 
priesthood in the Roman Chinch, 
for which 1 return y thanks 

to i jesry. 1 cool 

also, that I was at facades, in M-d- 



Icscx, at that 

ithcr by trick and decei 
info veil 

tat I never entertained 
or plots against the qu 
I call Cod to witfl 
nger of perjury; m 
any other ties.: lining 

to my native country than to 
bter the sacraments according 
rile of the Catholic Church t 
as desired them. ' 

Hen the fudge interrupted 
and told Mm that he was to 
alone, and plead directly 
or not guilt). Upon v, 
he was net guilty of any treason 
■ 
. ! be tried, he 
and by you." Th 
he wi 

COUI. b, .it fn 

nllcging that the laws Ol 
•ere able to the law 

and that lie WI :ig th> 

of the jur 
obliged to represent the 

I have any shi 

or any hat % death. 

said he, " if through your ini 

lie so, and 1 cannot hel 

you will; I am ready 

judged by Cod and my cot 

a the twelve were to be 

he challenged none of them, 

tharthey were all c. 

bun, and therefore char,. 

low him to except against any 

more than another. 

Alter Coke hai 

to the jury, they went aside 

suit about the ind in 

brought him in guilty, 
asked if be bad anything more 
for himself why sentence shou 
l against him 
" Notlui iimy 

beg of Ah d to 

who have been any ways 
to my death. 11 The judge 



Pott and Martyr. 



{CQOouncci I according lo 

tin usual form, Father Southwell 
■ade a very low bow, returning him 
ra»t heart;, .s for an un- 

speakable favor. The judge offered 
inn the help of a minister to prepare 
kmtodie. Father Southwell desired 
would not trouble him upon 

it the grace of God would 
k more than 

And so, being sent back to Newgate 
cSoough the : ople, 

II the way, the over- 
.rt in his eyes, 
a> his whole countenance, and in 
every gesture and motion ol 
He was again put dow:. 

>gatc, 

■sere he spent the following night, 
facias: o prayer, full of 

tie thoughts of the journey he was to 
tike the next day, through tire gate 
of rmartjnlocn, into a happy ctcri 
to enjoy for ever the sovereign object 
of rut love. 

ivc seen by what device and 
with what ill success the officials di- 
rrrtin; the execution sought, on 
the next morning, to draw away the 
crowd from Tyburn where Fai 
Snsthwcil wu to be " hung, bow- 
eBed, an i." 

Ul.-~OSJ USfDUl tXIZAHTU.' 

The modern reader generally, and 
♦ery naturally, supposes that this sen- 
•race, horrible as it is in its simplest 
fcrsa. would be carried out as stated. 
H-lt a ti» say, that, when the < 
democd man was hung until tie 
km body was then butchered as de- 
•tribal. This probably vras the in- 
wauoo of the law, ami the latter two 
•*' the thrre incidents of the execu- 
tions were intended more as in 
■bet to the remains of a criminal 
Wf f i Q i Ld to be guilty of the greatest 
.ies than . rt of 

&e mean* nf pro ith. But 

wader the ra^n of Elizabeth the cru- 

XYJI.—J 



city and be?: the mode in 

li the horrible sentence was car- 
ried out had reached its height. As 
a general thing, the victim was 
butchered alive. g to the 

whim or the bloodthirstiness of the 
executioner, the condemned man was 
allowed to hang a short time, or he 
was scarcely swung off before he was 
cut ilown and the hangman was — as 
he is described in a >wn 

phrase — "grabbling among his en- 
." Sometimes the executioner 
would spring upon the body B| 
was swung off, and plunge his knife 
into the victim before Ibey reached 
the ground in their fall together. 
When a yon.Bg 

Genings was exei 59'. the 

butchery was superintended by 1 

■ho adjured the victim to sub- 
and recant and he should be par- 
doned, llii reply was: " I know 
not in what I have offcoded my dear 
princess; if 1 had. 1 would 
willingly ask forgiveness. If she be 
offended with me because I am a 
priest, and because I profess my faith 
Bad will not turn minister against my 
conscience, 1 shall be, I trust, ex- 
cused and innocent before God. 1 
must obey God, saith S. Peter, rather 
than men." At this Topchffe was en- 
raged, and bade the hangman turu 
the ladder; SI n< 

to say a /liter Noiler. Cut down 
by his order before he was dead, the 
butchery began, and, the hangman's 
hand being already 00 his heart, 
Genings was heard to etc 

Gregon, ora pro me'" — which the 
hangman hearing, he swore, ■' /x'ur.dt, 
let, hit Atari if iii my hand, and yet 
Gregory is in his month ! O egre- 
gious papist !" * 

We return to Father Southwell, 

• Par lM» »nd our ocker c»s«* ft. Marty" 
-,. CcoipUcd by* 
mcaterc-f the Englitti i 

IMC by lh« R«t. Frederick Gtorjc t«, D.C.I, 
FS..I, Viiarof AllSalau', Umbetk. 



SO 



Pott and Martyr. 






who was drawn on a hurdle or sled 
from Newgate to Tyburn, and re- 
sume the account of the S. Oraer's 
: '• When he was conic to the 
piece, getting up into the cart, he 
made the sign of the cross in the 
best manner that lie could, his hands 
lion'd, and began to speak 
to the people those words of the 
apostle (Rom. xiv), ' Whether we live, 
wc live to the Lord, or whether we 
die, we die to the Lord; therefore, 
whether we live or die, wc belong to 
the Lord.' Here the sheriff would 
have interrupted him, but he begged 
leave that he might go on, assuring 
him that he would utter nothing that 
should give offence. Then he spoke 
as follows s 4 1 am come to this 
place to fini ursc, and to 

pass out of this miserable life; and 
I beg of my I-ord Jesus Christ, in 
whose most precious Passion and 
Wood I place my hope of salvation, 
that he would have mercy on my 
soul. I confess I MB B Catholic 
priest of the Holy Roman Chun b, 
and a tt man of the Society 

of Jesus; on which account I owe 
eternal thanks and praises to my 
God and Saviour.' Ik-re he was 
interrupted by a minister telling him 
that, if he understood what he had 
said in the sense of the Council of 
Trent, it was damnable doctrine. 
Kut the minister wassBenc'd by the 
y. and Mr. Southwell went 
on, I I beg df you not 

to be troublesome to me for this 
short time that I have I am 

tever manner 
you may please to interpret mj 
words. I hope fur my miration by 
the merits of Our Lord Jesus Christ; 
and as to the queen, 1 never at- 
tempted, nor contrived, or uBaj 
cd any evil against her, but have 
always, prayed tot her to Our Lord, 
and lor this tborl time of my life 
still pray, that, in his infinite nv-: 



he would be pleased to give heri 
such gifts and graces which he : 
in his divine wisdc most i 

pedient for the wc , of 

soul and body, in this life and in 
next. I recommend in like 
to the same mercy of God, my 
country, and I implore the div 
bounty to fas or it with 
the knowledge of his truth, to 
greater advancement of the salvati 
of souls, and the eternal glory of 
divine Majesty. In fine, I beg 
the almighty and everlasting 
that this my death may be 
own and for my country's g; 
the comfort of the Catho 
brethren.' 

" Having finished these words, i 
looking for the cart lobe immediar 
drove away, he again blessed hin 
and, with his eyes raised to hear 
repeated with great calmness of mil 
and countenance, ' Into thy ha 
Lord, I commend my spirit,' 
other short ejaculations, till the I 
was drawn off. The unskilful ha 
man had not applied ti;:; noose 
the rope to the proper place, so ! 
he several times made the sign of i 
cross whilst he wa.% hanging, and I 
some time before he was strangle 
b some perceiving, drew him 
the legs to put an end to his pain, i 
when the executioner was for cutlir 
the rope before he was dead, 
gentlemen and people that 
present cried out three several tin 
' Hold, be The behavior 

the servant of God was so I 
in (hue his Ij nts, that 

the Protestants who were ; 
the execution were much affa 
with the sight." After he was ' 
he was cut down and the rcmainc 
of the sentence carried out. 
relates that "Lord .V 
iles Blount), who happened 
be present, was so struck by 
martyr's constancy that he exc 



Poet and Martyr. 



S« 



my soul be with this 
nut's! 'and he assisted in reNtrain- 
ng those who would have cut the 
iie was still in life." 

ictt's reverend and 

<wdc'' :i of the execu- 

. : i our worthy as 
l'manyr' in the deepest and gi 
M sense — a good man, and fi 
Holy <!l iiuld blush for 

; not hold 
thoo'.r 

memory. 

•Tarwac-UasJesei:. 
W«a.i«f e4 not h» ucc-« tMrar. 

Ti caOuic Mill the royal «• v . 

~P*r*duuM Anim*. 

- So perished Father Southwell, at 
-c years | so, un- 

many of the 
ai of ibe earth. Con- 
-ring in the suuik: 



best of causes, he seems to have met 
death without tenor — to have re- 
ceived the crown of martyrdom not 
only with resignation, but with jo;, 

It ii natter of regret that there ex- 
ists no authentic portrait of South- 
His biographer is of opinion 
name likeness of him would 
have shown an intellectual, cthcreal- 
Ucd face, and fancies that he might 
have sat for the portrait of the Prior 
i:> The Lady of Garvyt i 

" Teader hit voedt. tad eloquently ieJs«; 
MIMlktpun i> wilehful «j-cl ; 

Meek wlih tercnlty tint MMMI prayer, 
Th* lucolnou* lorebeid, olgb i=d bicad tn.l 

tmit. 
Theihin moulti. -.hough not pantonine, yet«illl 
t • l*i(! («lin ifaU ipCakl in angcl'i wlB. 
««>olr.»t service to tut God'a bebew. 
,\n.l tin muting how lu kuc Aim bat, 
KM old, oof young -, aith onthood'i genilaH 
01 

. the pcnilrc face. 
J'ale OM wiLk alckucM but aitb ttudlout 

thought. 
The body inked, the fine mind ercnnnug.it ; 
W Hh toiuelhcng turn ind trig lie I* etc «idl«. 
As though twexg but ■ lamp to hold ikuI ■ 



PART SF.CON-D.— POST. 



bw words on the 
pise writing* of Southwctl. We 
'.ned to the remark- 
•Me let) nonilion by him ad- 

datsaed to i 
tea tu pot the prose of any cultivated 

three centuries later. And 
II support such com- 
?bikm sur: as to 

netuncc .and style. The 
aa_ bear in mind t. 
r— n nvcea under which Southwell 
addressed this 

tmi» TO HIS FATHER. 

to unnatural a kind, of so 
• cxlacalkm, or so unchristian a 
a» »ol to remember the root out of 
I fear* breached. 01 10 forget n»y 
oc of my being, 
nata cold] alec- 

1 I 'JOC JOll |l 

> i nude 01 



10 my native home, and so hack «j • 
defat] I thankful mind. 

niqnftj 1 1 irsc days that 01*- ■ 
my presence perilous, and. ihc discharge 
i>1 my duties an occasion of danger. 1 
wis I rco an unwilling courresy 

upon any, or by teeming ofticioui 10 be- 
come oScntive ; deeming it better ro le< 
lime digest (he fear rhit ray return into 
the i' la my kindred than 

abruptly to intrude myself, and to pur- 
chase their dinger, whose good-will I so 

v esteem. I never doubted but what 
the belief, which to all my friends by da- 
scent and pedigree is. in a mani 
hereditary, framed in them a right per 
sion of my present calling, not suffering 
them to mcatu: of me by 

the ugly terms and odious epithets whenv 

heresy hath sought to discredit my 
■ ins, but ralhei by the reverence of/ 
so worthy a sacrament and the sacred 
usages of all former ages. Yet. because 
1 usi* ■'■ by apparetif 000- 

jeetutes ti : lo 

-• 10 

• Xtt'ftfftit* ArPfor. *©L It. , sail, p. «T». 



Poet and Martyr. 



praise than to use mi endeavors, I have 
■ •:to bridled my tain [o see them by 
she care and jealousy of thc.r safety ; and 
banished myself from ihe scene of my 
cradle In my own Ciii^r j I 
like a foreigner, finding among strangers 
ihM which, In my nearest blood, I prc 
-1 not to seek." 

Then, rcgrelling that he has 
been barred from affording to hi* 
dearest friends that which hath l>een 
eagerly sought and beneficially 
attained by mere stranger*, he 
claims passionately: 

" Who hath mure [nHrMI i=i the grape 
than be who pis 
more right to ih< CM |> that) I" 
the corn? or •» is child i>we »o 

great service at to liirn to whom he 

■1 for his very III Bg] With 

young Tobias I have travelled far, and 
brought home a freight of spiritual suste- 
nance 10 enrich you. and roedicinable re- 
ceipts against your ghostly maladies. 1 
lisau. after long toil in putsu- 
-i long and painful chase, returned 
the full prey- you were wont to love, 
desiring thereby to ensure your blcsim;. 
I have, in this general famine of all 
an J Christian food, with Joseph prepared 
aboniince of the mead of angels for ili<- 
repast of vour soul. And now my di 

il mj drugs may care you. my prey 
dclij'it you. and my provisions feed you, 
by whom I have been cured, enlightened, 
and fod myself; that your courtesies rn.iy. 
in part, be countervailed, and my dui 
•ott. performed. 
" DtfphM not. good sire, the youth of 
your son. neither deem your God men- 
sarelh his endowments by number of 
years. Hoarr MIMM are often couched 
under youthful lock > an tipcr 

in the. spring than others in the autumn 
-c. God chose not Esau him- 
self, nor his eldest son. but young David. 
• Goliath ami to nils l>i* people ; 
not ■ I | the 

ll vi -u tli. delivered Susannah 
the ju J^-- 
at twelve year* of age. was found in the 

.itcst doc- 
tors. A true 1.1 i.i that 
tie cloud may cast a large and abun- 
dant shower ; and the beth 
,1 God lim-cileth to little on • thai 
which he concealeth from the widest 



sagei. Ili< truth 1» not abashed by the 
minority of the speaker ; for out of lac 
mouths of infants and sucklings be 
perfect his praises. . . . The full of 
your spring-tide is now fallen, and the 
stream of your life waneth to a low 
your tired bark beginncth to leak, and 
gratttk eft nf*n fie gravel */ /At g> 
therefore it i> Ugh time for you to strike 
:md put into harbor, lest, remaining 
in i lie scope of the winds and waves of 
thiswicki I time, some unexpected gusi 
Shoal ii upon the rock of eternal 

The entire letter is given in 
Walter and Tumbull's Mr/twin of 
Southwell, ami has been extravagant- 
ly praised as being the composition 
of Sir Walter Raleigh, among whose 
Remains it is frequently reptinl 
Mr. Grosart, a Protestant clergyman, 
says of it : "I know nothing com | 
able with the mingled affect 
prophcthkc fidelity, the wise instruc- 
tion, correction, reproof, the full l 
uiralness and quaint applies- 
is, tlic devoutness, the in 
the pathos of this letter." The edi- 
tion of Sir Walter Raleigh's Remains, 
published in London in 1675, was 
the subject of an article in the /'■■ 
s/ertive Review for i8ao, in vi 
reviewer remarks: "'The Du 
Advice ol n Lovin his Aged 

Father' is supposed to be a libel on 
Sir Walter, written by his enemi 
It will be seen, however, that it bears 
itn ; resemblance to his style, 
although the metaphor pro- 

fuse and ornai ind seems to 

be rather engiafted on his thoughts 
than to spring up with them. That 
this piece should be dictated by per- 
sonal hostility is strange. It contains 
exhortations that might with the great- 
est propriety be directed to any man. 
" It is possible that it might be writ- 
ten by another in imitation of Sir 
Walter Raleigh's ' Advice to his So 
yet if lie was an enemy, he , 

ommon description. As the 
advice, however, is worth quoting for 



Pott and Martyr. 



S3 



e»n merit, and U written with 
•:e and beauty, we shall give 
r readers an ojrportunity of j: 

■■■ il"i earliest 
in ed by a 
mi of treatises, epistles, and pam- 
jMrts, printed on ibe "private 
am own hoit<c in 1 

there remain several Ei 

•ill in manuscript. " Mary 
. . ' al- 
iirxise in form, is in fact far 
• fervid and impassioned than the 
pater part of his poetry. 

wiTHwiu't foetxt. 

To lire readers of poetry for its 

atercry sensuous qualities of flowing 
■eaters, attracts y, and bril- 

fau description, the poems of S 
vriipouessbut few attractions. Tlieir 
»6jcv-r of, at least. 

tencsi reading him, wc 

; thi Ira da • ' 

. crowned with 
loam, and ho 

ureontic cup. Scri- 
cn, indeed, his poems might well be, 
fir they ■ercall t r-.gthe 

cstcrali of thirteen bodily rai 
a a gloomy at opened only 

■fca the scafToli I et we look 

i among them for exprc 

i 
iia Right well engi 

ant result for recoid 

Eaatr lingers y> 

k. The 
-rthly tilings, the trials ol 
0* fatly and wickedness of the world, 
. and the conso- 
>n, are the 
fi i ilj returning subjects of his 
productive 
tiry clwaj 
efcv: 

dial Soui 



largely read by the generation thai 

I 
years ago ED id: "The 

Inch are I 
: exist are the remnant of at 
least seventeen different editions, of 
ven were printed between 
1593 and 1600 "; and at a later pe- 
riod, Drake, in his Skakafeon 9td 
/.is Timet, says:f "Both the poetry 
G of Southwell possess 
the most merit; the 

which is almost entirely I t<> 

I religious subjects, flow 
a vein of great harmony, perspicuity, 
and elegance, and breathe* a fascina- 
rcsulting fro;;i and 

the pathetic mode of treating it 
::s and deeply interests the 
read' 

A valuable tribute of admiration 
to Southwell's poetic talent is that 
of Hen JODSOD, who said: '-that 
Southwell w.i .; yet so he 

(Jonson) had written that piece of 
1 The Burning Babe,' he would 
have been content todc 

* Our readers, we are sure, 1 
thank us for giving it here, although 
we strongly suspect that Mr. Grosart 
will not approve of its modern ortho- 
graphy. 

.ght stood shivering Id 
thf tnnir. 
B>UH»ll—(l l wi»with mMn hnt, which ii.§'l« 

. jft to glow ; 
And llli'nj "P » fc»rlu! eye to tlew wb»I 6n 

■y 1UI.C til burning bright did In (he »lr 

■pptar, . _ 

HiTC ben. snrh llauda 

dl ihould q "na 

,..1 newly born, In licry bait 

ra thcto hearts or fed 

:■ .1 
Xr 1. lurriK* If. tht fuel 

wouixtlnff '.burn*. 
l«org it the tie. »nd sighs the smoke, the »«-':e» 

thsoic and Kumn ; 

• v.-'"'«' <■/ "' *••-> I'-'.-'-'- r " -■'• 6nl 
■dittos. r«t II p. i«. 

; Stttt *f '■<■> ftmmmU C twr r—ltf' »'« 






54 



Poet and Martyr. 



Tie furl jnttloc Ur«!h c-a, and M#rry blovri 

tbeccwla. 
Tie metal :o this fcraace wrought ■ i 

filed nh, 
Fur which, u now, on Era I am, la wort th«a 

hrw je»d. 

So will 1 melt ioIo a bath la imbi them ta 

my t 
Wilh Ihia U ranlahr.i out of iiebt, and twlftly 

ahrunk away. 
Ami mind Ibit It m 

Chrlatmaaday. 

Our limits will permit but 

orn the body of Southwell's 
ooetry. He is most widely known 
by his chief poem "S. Petei 

ring of one hundred and 
tat (six-line). But 
most attractive pieces ore Iris shorter 
poems — " Times go by Turns," h Con- 
tent and Rkh," # - Life is but Loss." 
"Look Home," "Love's set « 
and the whole series on our Saviour 
and his Moll nig some 

allowance foi the enthusiasm of our 
editor, no true lover of poetry who 
reads these production! of Southwell 
will seriously dissent from Mr. Gro- 
salt's estimate of them. " T 
est reader will come on ' thinking ' 

• Here are acven of h» mnun dinm 
Kflougji, t rcckoa wealth ; 

A mm tie surest lo!. 
That li« too bicb f'n but touicmpt. 

T. •> low • M c:iv>'» ih ■:. 

■ •i»h« are but fe». 
All eamy !• fulii!. 
I uxake the limit . of my power 
T»« boondi ualo mr •• 

I feel vnc. 

Well- i. "n H ay wealth ; 
My mind :•> me m 

Ww3e||rKea<uiJe:li health. 

1 dip hiKh-cliaiKng lhuur.hu. 

Tie » 
The i fill :• -u: I iieheislil 

I >■ treated horicna ilidc. 

Sparc d lit 15 b> : 

■■■ I totd and clothe a tea 
Thai, punnet cd, would renter. 

To rlM by others' fall 
t eWem • loainc gain -. 

Btntrriit, 
To fuio fua) "nlf 

No chant* of Pocune'a calim 
an my ocantotu dowa; 
WwCO foCIUM aaaMea, [ laaUc lu think 
How awlckly aba will bow a. 



and ' feeling ' that are as mi 
Apollo's lute, and as fresh as a I 
building spray ; and the wording 
all (excepting over-alliteration and 
on occasionally, is throughout 
1 pure well of English 
When you take some of the 
Myitte and Mnionix pieces, and read 
and re-read them, you are struck 
with their condensation, their con- 
cinnity, their polish, their //an, their 
mcmorablen ess. Holiness is in them 
not as scent on love-locks, I 
fragrance in the great Gardener's 
flowers of fragrance. His tears are 
pure and white as the ' dew of the 
morning.' His smiles— lor l»e has 
humor, even wit, that must have 
lurked in the burdened eyes and 
corners o* mouth — are sunny as sun- 
shine. As a whole, his poetry is 
healthy and strong, and, I think, his 
been more potential in our literature 
ppcars on the surface, i da 
not think it would be hard ta 
thai others of whom more is heard 
drew light from him, as well c 

recent, from Burn-. 
Hood. For example, limiting as to 
the litter, 1 believe every read) 
■a ill compare the two clclitieratdy 
IC :n the ' Vale of 
of the litter's inn 
• Haunted House' — dim, faint, weak 
it, as the earth-hid bulb com- 
with the lovely blossom of 
hyacinth or tulip or lily, nevertheless 
really carrying in it the original 
the mightier after-poem." 
Our warmevt tribute of | 

gence, the im 

the keen poeti' ad the en 

r of the vol 

ns has devoted to what 

evidently been to him a labor of I 

Mr. Grosai iwn in 

of 
shawe and of Vau also 

the forthcoming editions of U 



Pott and Martyr. 



55 



11856* 



Oosne,iud Sidney. His laboriously 
cometed version of our martyr-poet's 
fcfscy has, it n 

SoKhwdl to ii% so obscured had he 
kcorae by mistakes, misprints, and 
ttlse readings. Indeed Mi. 
sancwhat jealous love of his - a 
kaays him into apparently harsh 
jidpnent on the efforts of others, 
sben. for instance, he declare* him- 
by the travesties on edit- 
nj and mere carelessness of Walter 
Set (1817) 10 lull later 

in their so-callcil editions of 
ns>. 1 " add- 

Turnliull said contcmpluous- 
1 from criticism on Mr. 
Vakei's text ' — severe but not un- 
deserved, only his own :» scarcely 
a better, and in pkti 
There it one passage at the close 
Grusart's interesting pi 
wisch has a special interest for us 
as Amtncai mean his rcfer- 

eoee to the pronouni'. 

Southwc. 
Jaaea Russell Lowell in his charm- 
er, book My Study . "It 
seats to 11 Mr. Grosart, 
•tuvS to brutality on the man (meet 
Mm 1 nf him - true gende- 
HO that ever breathed'); while on 
lie poetry it rests on 
de as. ni superrk ial acquaintance and 
Be nastiest generalisation. To pro- 
SMStc plaint ' a 
'crawl 

Rrentance, in which the distim 
kttB-een the notth ami 
a&3 of a (tit) sentimentality arc 
- of Duns Scotus,' shows about 
h knowledge— that is, igno- 
tanee — of the poem as of the w 

nd as another remark does of 

r, with admitted tedium, 

depths 

tfpantcne- and utters 

•« emctk isston 

while there arc 

,.!>or, daintinesses of 



word-painting, brilliancies of inner- 
portraiture, scarcely to be matched in 
contemporary verse. The 'para- 
phrase ' of David (to wit, ' David's 
Fcccavi *) is a single short piece, and 
the ' punning ' conceit, ' fears arc my 
fere*,' is common to some of Eng- 
land's finest wits, and in the mean- 
ing of ' fere ' not at all to be pro- 
iced against. II' we on this side 
of the Atlantic valued less the opin- 
ion of such a unique genius as Prof. 
Lowell's, if we 4 ikti him 

•ve, we should less 
ra over such a vulgar affront of- 
I to a venerable his 

whole paragraph to Southwell. I 

ilge the hope of our edi 
reaching the persuad- 

ing to a real ' study ' of these poems, 
and, if so, I do not despair of a vol- 
untary reversal of the first judgment. 

AIM 

ijthwell to be the Gold- 
OUI early | 
tent and Rich,' and, ' Oyer's pbai 
turned to a Sinner's Con 

But be- 
neath the manner recalling Gold- 
smith, there is a purity and ricbaet* 
of thought, a naturalness, a fine 

.1 harmony 01 I 
lion, and occasionally a ti< : . 
high toned feeling, not to be met 
with in h 

" Nor will I'ruf. Lowell deem his 
(I fear) hasty (mis)judgmcnts 

tion too muc • on, 

after the present Anhbiihui 
tin's well-weighed words in his P 
to his Household Book of £':,. 
Jhe/ry (1868) : 

-s that Soulht.' 
heen of lato pr»i»cd at least a* Brock as 
he deserves. This may be so; yci, tak- 
ing into account the finished beauty of 
such poems as this ("Lewi 
a (" Times 
on, poem* which, as 



56 



Something about Lace. 



they go, leave nothing 10 be desired, he 
has scarcely been praised more than he 
lcserves. How in earlier times he was 
rated, the (act that there were twenty-four 
editions of his poems will sufficiently tes- 
tify ; though probably the creed be pro- 
fessed, and the death which he died, may 
hare had something to do with this. 
Robert Southwell was a seminary priest, 
and was executed at Tyburn in the reign 
of Queen Elizabeth, in conformity with a 
law. which even the persistent plottings 
of too many of these at once against the 
life of the sovereign and the life of the 
state most altogether tail to justify or ex- 
one' (pp. 391-393). 

" To Archbishop Trench's I add, 
as equally weighty and worthy, the 
fine and finely sympathetic yet dis- 
criminative judgment of Dr. George 
Macdonald in Antiphon as follows : 



•"I proceed to call np one who 
poet indeed, although little kno' 
such, being a Roman Catholic, a 
even, and therefore, in Elizabeth's 
a traitor and subject to the penal t: 
cording (accruing)? Robert Soul 
thirteen times most cruelly toi 
could "not be induced to confes 
thing, not even the color of the 
whereon he rode on a certain da 
from such indication his adversaries 
conjecture in what house, or in coi 
of what Catholics, he that day was,' 

"I believe, then," conclude 
Grosart, " I shall not appeal in 
to Prof. Lowell to give a few 
behind his « Study Windows ' to 
perusal of some of the poen 
Southwell named by us and 
sufficiently qualified critics." 



SOMETHING ABOUT LACE. 



Ixatz m probably no ankle, not 
x aeysnacy, witch has employed so 
rnvmf head* awf hands, and been the 
vtbjfirx fit *wJ* varied interests, as 
iMi. Toe mak i n g of it has given 
<wa$if,ym«M CO <o«ttI*s» nunneries, 
w'A/trt 6\* iadi«t, working first and 
itvvtt' .Kvif-L/ (ex the church, have 
x\**> '»*(\t rim art ED their pupils as 
a* *-iV > .nir,ii«Jtmj«£ or a means of 
♦tttjy.'" it »aa, indeed, so pecu- 
lirfrTu •".»* f&MttMJt rd the religious 
t'AHf. sa% wex ir was done in the 
*v?<i f- tali bore the name of 
•• ,-iin.' --»-.r;i.'* 

;., :.*>!* 'Jui <£»?« when railroads 
».</... us »;ui *h*n swamps and 
'$*.•:•-, tomqwf TXi/Xi rJt land now 
1,./ > » it» • il x%f* irA cities, coun- 



"/ 



i\.i>u. isitftft \e& iK*riie-work their 



k.i*! -^/.i'>-.i'.a«i ■. aa/i it was the 
r^*t,/.. ■> '.ci/ji '-ja^i iejt the squires' 



daughters to spend some time i 
castle, in attendance on the ehdtt 
where they learned to embroide 
make lace. It was then a wo 
only resource, and was held in 
esteem. In the cloisters of 
minster Abbey, one Catherine 5 
was laid to rest, in 1620, u-iti 
inscription on her tombstone 
she was * ; exquisite at her need! 

Millions of poor women, and 
men and children, have earned 
bread by this delicate labor ; w 
of intelligence and fair estate 
devoted their lives to it ; and 
and regal ladies have been pro 
excel in the art. 

It is related that when Car 
Wolsey and Campeggio went 
to the palace at Bridewell to se 
interview with the repudiated w 
Henry VIII., they found her s 



Something about f.ucf. 



S7 



mil. 

ncet them with ;i skein 

t around her neck. In those 

wrought and made lace 

We can imagine 

it floss must have trem- 

I'jmultuous beatings of 

ut during the cruel 

thai followed, 

::: of 
i not for vanity's aak 

the heavy hours. In 

Spain the rarest laces were 

the church, and not only 

ladies of the world, wow 

lights in with that fairy web. 

nowhere else, save in 

the church lace so rich 

Images of f. 

Madonnas had wardrobes 

igcd every 

liars and vestments 

regally adorned. 

i:9 that, in 1787, 

liotieii of Cogalhudo, wife 

son of the semi-ree:d 

ledina Cccli, was appointed 

ly of 

■ 

I much coveted. 

thai tlsc pcasai 

land, first 
:-roaking through 
en Catherine. While 
pUull, it is recorded that, when 
her demotions, she. with 
wrought a needle 
artificially, v. 

>d to 
1 1 
peopl' great- 

ken 
15th of 
as 1 1 ly of their 

ry of good Queen 
>, when t: dull, 

.-*, and ordered new 
I he ladies of the e 
example, and the : 




iw l. I. .ire was and 
lit ilile present :'i 

a Mi |iontirT. These earlier 

gifts were, i: b (rue, ■ometimea of 

gold And silver i. ight with 

tout stone*, but they were 
scarcely more costly than the later 
white-thread points. In the Exhi- 
bition of 1859 was shown a dress 
valued at aoo.ooo francs, the 
most v.ork ever executed :it 

Alencon. Tliis Napoleon III. pur- 

d for the empress, mho, h 
said, pre- to his Holiness the 

Po|>e as a trimming for nil rochet. 
Also, so early ns the XI 11th cen- 
tury, the English <iit • so 
line that, according to Matthew 
. Pope Innocent IV. scut offi- 
lettere to some of the Cistercian 
abbots of England t» procure a 
certain qoacti estmeati 
for his own use. His ii had 
seen and admired the orfrajs of the 

The finest specimens extant of this 
old English work (c/wr Angticauum) 
.ire the cope and maniple of S. Cuth- 
bert, taken from his coffin many 
ago In the cathedral of Dur- 
ham, and now preserved in the chap- 
ter library of that city. One who has 
seen them declares them beautiful 

mi to have been at 

first used only fur ecclesiastical pur- 
poses, and the 
bedl a secret ; 

have the clergy been merely 
the wearers Wt hear of 

.kill 

trabrotheri d s Dunstan 

himself did no pat- 

i:hurch lace, l'.ittim-hooks 
for these needle-laces were made by 
monks as well as laymen, and plates 
cm represent men seated at tl-.e 
embroidering frame. Some of these 
old pattern books of the XYItn 




tury arc preserved in the library of 
S. Genevieve at Paris, inherited from 
the monastery of that name. "ITiese 
books arc prized and sought for as 
some of the earliest specimens of 
block-pristine. But few remain, and 
doubtless their high price prevented 
them from being made in great num- 
bers. Their place was taken by 
samplers, into which were copied the 
: :rns desired. From these old lace 
samplers come the later alphal>eiical 
samplers, which many now living will 
remember to have made in their 
youth. 

Large quantities of rich old lace 
were lo>t in the last century, when 
the French Revolution brought in 
gauzes and blondes, and fashion toss- 
ed aside as worthless these exquisite 
products of the needle I.i Italy, 
where the custom was to preserve old 
family lace, less w.is destroyed; but 
id England it was handed over to ser- 
vants or farm people, or stowed B 
in alius, and afterwards burned. 
Some ladies gave point-laces which 
now they could not afford to buy, to 
their children to dress their dolls 
with. Sometimes it was thrown away 
as old rags. 

In the church, however, fashion 

', and "lil lace has been 

Some collections 

arc e*r- trainable. 

among these in that of the Rohan fa- 

, who k jvc princes-art 
Iti Ltoorg. Baroness deObcrk 

i f tht Court c/ J 

■'., writes: '• U'c met the card 

macd in 

a m ire and rochet 

i.iblc value. Hlun, on great 

is, lie officiates at Versailles 

ha wears an alb of old lace of necdlc- 

' of such beauty that his assist - 

li it. 
I ice are worked in 
lirge flow. 
I at 100,000 livres. 



It is impossible to exa 
extent to which lac- 
to the French Revolution, or 
mense extravagance of the 
spent on iL Everybody wore it, 
servants emulating their mastcn 

scs. It trimmed 
from the towering Fontangcs, 1 
rose like a steeple from ladies' b 
to the boot-tops and slioc-rosctt 
men. Men wore lace ruffles n> 
at the wrist, but at Ihc 
ruffs, ctavata, collars, and 
and bed furniture was made 

mined with it, costly as 
A pair of ruffles would am 
4,000 livres, a lady's cap t 
livres. We read that M 1 
gave 487 francs for lace en 
trim a pillow-case, and 77 It 
a pair of ruffles. Lace fa 
made in 1668, and lacc-trimm 
quct-holdcrs are not a new i 
Wbetl the Doge of Venice mad 
annual visit to the convent Dettt 
gini, the lady abbess used to 
him in the parlor, surroun 
novices, and present him 
in a gold handle trimmed witl: 
: lace that could be foui 
Venice. 

Voltaire says that the myste 
Iron Mask was passionately foe 
fine linen and rich lace. 

So extravagant had the use o; 
luxury become that in F.ngland 
outcry against it, and th 
ritans laid great stress on discs 
vanity in clothing. 

W« have a little scene illustrj 
between the Princess Mar 

rev. The princess had 
the maiden some gorgeous dj 
trimmed with lace. 
I do with it?" asks 1 
"Gentlewoman, wear i:," was) 
reply, a little vexed, may be. 

ady Jane, "th.it were a s 
to follow my Lady Mary ac 
God's will, and leave my 



which followed) God'* 

Ky Lady Eliaabcth," however, 
Mfe her scruples before long, 
When queen, did BOt hesitate to 

berscli as bravely as she : 
fa she had do mind her fashions 
I be copied by the vulgar ; for 
td that, when the I.osidu:. 
ces adopted white stitching and 
ornaments for their col- 
Elizabeth forbade it, and 
that the first transgressor 

be publicly whipped in the 
"his company. 

another incident, which, 

of the sex in whom vanity is 
led to be prominent, w 
I pleasure in relating. 

Pari tan nobles hod not in dress 
med |o Pun tan rules as strictly 
red ign ambas- 

:iog as richly as ever. 
, therefore, the Spanish envoy 
iitcd to the Protectorate of 
Well arrived and was about to 
in audience, Harrison begged 
Warwick and Colonel Hutchin- 
t set an example by not » 

gold or silver lace. 
men did not disapprove of rich 
ig,bij ive offence, 

• their astonishment, rial 

:ct coat so 

■-'/ AS 

ul of which 
jit Mrs. Hub 

godly 

ia were only made that he 

appear braver above the 

ts of the strangers." 

e has frequently err.j 

f! in 169S 
legislative duel 
gland a icrs. . 

was already in Englan 
■ 

. bobbin-lace), loom- 



•n-work, ami needle-work 
point; but li.i.i proving ineffectual, 

since everybody smuggled, another 

act was 1 ;ting a penalty of 

twenty shillings a yard and forfeiture. 
We regret to learn thai : 
meant, in some cases at least, burn- 
ing, and that large quantities of the 
finest Hinders lace were Mixed and 
actually bunted It reminds one of 
the burning of Don Quixote's library 
. alric records. 

Flinders, however, with its 1; 
rics full of luce-ruakcrs, and its thou- 
b of people depending on the 
trade, liad no mind to be thus < ; 
pled without retaliation. An act was 
immediately passed prohibiting the 
importation of English wool ; where- 
upon the wool-staplers echoed with 
addition the groans of the lace-mak- 
crs, and England was forced to re- 
peal the act so far as the Low Coun- 
tries were coocei 

As we have said, everybody in 
and smuggled lace in those 
days. Si. teed to be 

everywhere looked on as the k 
shameful of law-breaking. But never, 
t>erhaps, were | the customs 

as incorruptible as these. Suspicious 
persons were searched, no matter 
what -:, and no person living 

widu irt dared to 

w car a bit of foreign lace unless they 
vc that it had been honestly 
bed Mary were the devices 
by which men and women sought to 
elude the When a deccas- 

ol the English Church 
was coir. I uir 

Countries for burial, it was found that 
only his head, bands, and feet were 
in the coffin— -the I 11 re- 

placed bj lace of immense 

value Vears after, when the body 
of his Grace the Duke "i hire, 

who had 1 hi ought 

ovci 

n bed toe colon, b 



Something about Lace. 



the corpse with a stick to make sure 
that it was a body. The High S 
iiTof Westminster was mOTe fortunate, 
for he succeeded in smuggling j£6,ooo 
worth of lace in the coffin that 
brought over from Calais the body of 
Bishop Atterbury. 

In the present century. Lady Kllcn- 
borough, wife of the jus- 

tice, was stopped near Dover, and a 
large quantity of valuable lace found 
secreted in (lie lining of her carnage. 

At one period, much lace was 
smuggled into France from Belgium 
by n>caiK of dogs trained for the 
purpose. A dog was caressed and 
petted at home, then, after a wl 
be frontier, where he 
tiei! I, and ill-treated. The 

skin of a larger dog was then fitted 
to his body, the intervening t] 
filled with lace, and the poor animal 
was released. Of course he made 
haste to scamper 1 ia former 

home. 

A prcfos of the customs, there is ■ 
story in which George III. had an 
active part, and displayed his deter- 
mination to protect home manufac- 
tures. 

On the marriage of his 
Princess Augusta, to the Duke of 
Brunswick, the king ordered that all 
stuffs and laces worn should be of 
lith manuf.K-.ure. The QODtGty, 
intent on outshining each other on this 
grand occasion, took but little notice 
of the cm Wr may well bc- 

■ owl mil- 
liner we; wuli these ]>i 
rati- ual hurry 
and flurry lest everything should not 
be done in time; and that high-bom 
and beautiful ladies wi mtly 
png the doors, bringin 
• to the slock. F.; , the 
consternation of the ■ and 
excited dames, when, only three 1 
before the wedding, the cum 
made a descent on this costly finery, 



and carried off in one 
Tver, the gold, and 
There was not only the loss 
dear gewgaws to mourn, b 
toilet to be prepared in three 

The camp, too, as well 
church and the court, hi 
lace, and the warriors of tho 
did not right less gallantly 
they went into battle clcga 
rayed. Lace the 

not weaken the sword or sabre 
nor laces on the neck an 
make faint the heart beneat 
they helped to a noble 
tesy and a braver death ; fo 
|y dress tends to make sloven! 
ners, and slovenly mann 
lead to careless morals, 

A graceful fashion called 
kerk had a martial origin, 

led from the battle 
wherein Marshal I.uxembou 
the day against William of 
On that day, the young pr 
the blood were suddenly am 
pectedly called into battle. 
knotting about their Dei 
cravats then in fashion, an< 
tied with great nicely, the 
into action, and won the figh 

In honor of that event, bod 
and gentlemen wore their 
and scarfs loosely twisted and 
the ends sometimes tucked 
the batton-hotc, sometime* 
: oval-shaped broo 
Steinkerks became the rage. 

Hut evidence enough, perha 
been brought to prove that 1: 
an entirely trivial sul 
course. We may, however, 
Dr. Johnson condescended 

lace in his most Johnson 
ner. It is, he y tin 

olated or decussated, with in 
between the intersections, 
that, ladies may wear th 

■;ire. but with 
for if he was so learned iii 



Something about I.aef. 



61 



■ rut unimaginable crudi- 
terrd h» 
re, or the points of 

tUruitelj, or Venice '. 
were probably the 
that made lace, though the 
held a delicate white network 
Ac green of their leaves, 
•iers rame the I; 
foflowing rlosely. Old J 

and sculptures show us 
jed in twisting threads; 
urcs arc full of alhi 
Bed linen " and needle- 
as soon as garments 
Corn they began to be ad 
o!gw -iig savages, to 

aents were of slight con- 
tattooing was practised, 
!iame idea in a different 

probably lea: 

ins, and from them 

rd. One 

ipe learned it from 

It matters bat little to 

the r It a 

all the children of 

'. fancy of 

ibsch i cater pcr- 

-ibes 

,and was by them t. 

■ ■• eil or terra- 
of leaves 
invents to them, or t 

toe tuilc 
wore. The very waves of 
..led over in snowy 
a, had a sngge 
i mental bordering ; 
Is of sunrise and - 
with crimson and gold 
Flower petals were Bu- 
lge, and it 
that birds had wings, 
• ornamented, 
idery at length be- 
'iirygian women 
others. I'tesenlly 
became open-worked or 



cut-worked, and out of cut-work grew 
lace, 

•work was made i:: va- 

. way*. In one kind, a network 
of thi ,mc, and 

U gummed a piece of 
line cloth. Then those parts «rh . 
were to remain thick were sewed 
round on to the cloth; and after- 
ward the superfluous cloth was cut 
away. 

Another kind was made entirely of 
id, which was arranged on a 
frame in lines diverging from the 
centre like a spider's web, anil 
worked across and over with other 
threads, funning geometrical ; 
tcms. 1 like 

our modern lace was made. A 
groundwork was netted by making 
one stitch at the beginning. 

:b 00 each side till the 

requi^ d. On this 

. il the pattern, 

sometimes darned in with counted 

stitches, sometimes cut out of linen, 

■ iflfiiifu/. Still another kind was 

:h leads ! :vni 

muslin, and thi 

into lace. Specimens 

i.ule 

ota 

it. 

• cailiur rich bees were not 

i ver, 

were used. The Italians, 

clfttta to have invented point 

lace, were the great makers n{ gold 

lace. Cyprus stretched gold into a 

, and wove it. Froi the 

art reached Genoa, Venice, 

i ; and gradually all 
led to make gold lace. In 1 
land, the complaint was raised I 
the gold of the realm was sensibly 
dim.' ' in 1635 

id was passed prohibiting the 
melt: Of bullion to make 

gold or silver " purl." And not only 
in Wes tern and Southern Kuropc was 



the* luxury fashionable. A piece of 
gold lace was found in a Scai: 

i; barrow opened in the XVIIItlj 
century. Perhaps the lace was made 
by some captive woman stolen by 
the vikings, a later Proserpine rav- 
ished from the South, who wove the 
web with her pale fingers as she sat 
in that froier bile her pirati- 

cal blue-eyed Pluto looked on raar- 
. :ig to catch ■ smile 
from her relenting eye* Gold lace 
was sold by weight. 

Sonic of the most magni fi ce nt old 
points of Venice were made of silk, 
the natural cream-color. The rose 
Venice point — Gm f i iui it Venkt, 
AmV * n.Wrv» — was the richest and 
most complicated of all points. It 
was worked of s3k, on a parchment 
pattern, the towers connected by 
/•**•». The outhn t * of these flowers 
were in rehef. coin* being p' 
inside to raise them, and countless 
beautiful stitches were introd 
Sometimes they were in double, 
sometimes in triple, relief, and each 

r and leaf was edged with 
regular pearls. Toss point was highly 
pnmM tor albs, m*W*to, ttrtAes, and 
costly decorations. 

\ >>th»» kind of Venice lice— 

—had a charmingly ro- 

\ young girl in one 

< tunc, a I 

•.■ctrotbed to a young 

o brought her borne from 

-KiilKtu I ich of {>retty 

,-d meimai: 

for the pr 

the 
.Ive seaweed. « 
kmttwnil i<r. 

.^Im mm**: her 



guipwe. 






M r»*-» h y 



Othello to Dcsdcmona, thi 
which cost her so dear, 
wrought, he tells her, by i 
tian sibyl, who 

" In Us prophetic ftj mw*2 tbi 

And he declares that 

-Tie ootna «rerf fctlloaed that it 

The flat points of Venice 

less exquisite than the raised 

terns sometimes being huma 

animals, cupids, and flowers. 

la the XVlth century, 

I'ttniann invented pillow-net 

advance in the making of lac 

lady's fatljer had moved from 

berg to the Hartz Mount. 

superintend mine* there, m 

the daughter married a rich 

I hrtstopher Uttmai 

live*] with him in his castle t 

berg. Seeing the mount; 

weave nets for the miners 

their hair, her inventi' 

suggested a new and easier 

iiig fine netting. 1 

Cfl nc know not of, but t 

of her success. In 1561 she 

workshop in her own name, ; 

branch of industry spread 

soon 30.000 jwrsons were en 

with a revenue of 1,000,000 thi 

the inventress died a 

laid to res.: in the church) 

■berg, where her lombst 

I she was the " ben< 

of the Hartz Mount, u 

nor to Barbara Uttmani 

Pillow-lace, as most ]>eopl< 

is made on a round or ova 

stoned so as to form a cushio 

1 fixed a stiff piece of pat 

he pattern pricked 

threads are wound on bobbin! 

the size of a pencil, with a gr« 

the neck. As many of ti 

:art well together arc tiei 

in a knot, and the knot f 

with a pin at the edge of the f. 



?MCf. 



63 



bunch, and so on, till 
by the lace is 
•A- The lace is formed by 
or intertwining these bob- 

3c lace b of two kinds, 
». Point means a 
lace made on a pi 
a. also a particular kind of 
1 word b sometimes incor- 
S point de Afalinei, 
es, both these laces 
■ pillow, 
consists of two parts, the 
the flower pattern or 

called in 
on account of its 
the ornament, whii 
from the texture resem- 
;, or being made of that ma- 
F muslin, 
neycomb network or 
French, /W, champ, 
of Yarious kinds: wire 
Brusseb ground, (roily 
Double ground is so 
iux twice the number of 
red to make it. 

and guipures, 
»ic<i upon a groun>!. 
! connected by irregular 
rer with point nou/ 

imetimes •■ 
<i). Such are the 
nd Spain and 
Spores. To these uniting- 
.;n in Italy give the 
in Kngland "j>eari 
j-brid 

•ithcr top 
j.s in Valenciennes 
L-parately, and then 
or sewn on (<ip- 



rk stitches in the pat- 
called u modes," " jours,- 



n England 
nrxr was fciument, *o called 



because the threads were passe. 

tbeT in the making. 
learned derive lace from latin 
l.at:n word signify-tii; the hem or 
fringe of a garment. Dentelle comes 
the little toothed edge with 
which lace was finished after a» 
At first, it xfapautmtnt denkU, final- 
ly dtnleiU. 
The meaning of guipure is hard to 
Beet with the present use of the 
word, which is very loose and unde- 
fined. It was originally made of 
wistcd round a little *.trip of thin 
i.mcnt or vellum ; and silk twist 
cd round a thick thrend or cord was 
called guipure, hence the name. 

The modern Honiton is called gui- 
pure, also Maltese lace and its Bucfe- 
itions. The Italians 
called the old raised points of Venice 
and Spain guipures. It b hard to 
know wli. f these have 

to the name. 

A fine silk guipure is made in the 
harems of Turkey, of which speci- 
mens were shown in the Interna- 
tional Exhibition. This point dt 
Turguie is but little known, and is 
costly. It mostly represents Mack, 
white, or mixed colors, fruit, flowers, 
tge. 
The lace once made in Mil: 
a coarse kind of Mechlin or Valen- 
nc arabesque patten.: 
but since 11*33, when an English 
induced a Maltese woman 
nan-' to copy in white an 

oJd Greek coverlet, the Ciglia family 
commenced the manufacture of Mark 
and white Maltese guipure, till then 
lOtru in the isl 
It is the fineness of the thread 
whii the real Brussels 

ground, vnti n'ltnu, so costly. 1 

it is spun in dark and 

rooms ; for CODUK 

H the thl The 

than 

nigh a da ced 









to tint* the thread out, and a single 
bfhj u admitted to fall on the 
^jjt She examines every inch 
tfran w©« bet distaff, and, when any 
wsqaittT occurs, stops her wheel to 
repair the mischief. 

The tc'tt+u is made in three differ- 
ent wars: by hand, on the pillow, and 
nor* lately by machinery — the last a 
Qrwsacb-nct made of Scotch cotton. 
The needle ground costs three timet 
as much as the pillow; but it is 
stronger and easier to repair, the pil- 
low proui>d always showing the join. 
There arc two kinds of flowers : 
ihute made with the needle, /vint h 
r*t#aiU, and those on the pillow, 
ftimtfiaL The l>c*-t flowers are 
crude in Brussels itself, where they 
excel in the relief (point breJt). 
Each part of Brussi made 

liferent hand. One makes the 
iW t/stau ; another, the foo 

.:. the point flowers; a fourth 
uork» the openjeurs; a fifth unites 
the different sections of the ground 
together ; a sixth makes the fiat flow- 
en ; a seventh sews the flowers upon 
the ground. 

The pattern is designed by the 
head of the fabric, who, having cut 
the parchment into pieces, hands it 
otit ready pricked. In the modem 
lace, the work of the needle and pil- 
re combined. 
Mechlin lace, sometimes called 
tndtrif <U Mtlinti is a pdlow lace 
roade all in one piece, its distinguish- 
ing feature being a broad, flat thread 
which forms the flower. It is very 
light and transparent, and answers 
well as a summer lace. It is 
id that Napoleon I. admired thi 1 
|aoe, and that, when he first saw the 
t Gothic tracery <A the cathedral 
ire at Antwerp, he exclaimed: 
CesHemmedclaiUnUiU de Jti/ints." 
Valenciennes is also a pillow lace. 
the ground and gimp, or flower, 
all made of the same thread. 



Kg" 



The vni VaUneunnet, as 
first named, that made in the ci 
was made in the XVth centu 
three-thread twisted flu 
ed its climax about the i 
XVilltli century, when the 
from 3,000 to 4.000 b' 
the city alone. Then f . 
to prefer the lighter and 
fabrics of Anas, Lille, ■ 
till in 1790 the number 
ers had diminished t:> 250. 
Icon I. tried unsuccessfully u 
the manufacture, and in 1851 < 
lace-makers remained, both o\ 

irsofage. Thismu Vale, 
which, from its durability, wa 
Its eknulUi ValencUrtuet, col 
it was asserted, be made outs 
walls of the city. I: was 1 
that, if a piece of lace were b 
Valenciennes and finished out 
the walls, that part not made 
city would be visibly less b 
than the other, though conlin 
the same hand, with the same 
upon the same pillow. This 
tributed to some peculiarity 
atmosphere. That lace, th 

1 was made in the neight 
of the city was called idtar 
gauise. 

The makers of this lace we 
underground cellars from fou 
morning till eight at night. 

were the chief worker 
delicacy of touch being requir 
other kind of work spoil 1 

nt the won 
are told, became blind befort 
ing the age of thirty. So gr 

.bor of making this la< 
while the Lille workers coul 
ducc from three to five elb f 
those of Valenciennes could 

; >ie than an inch ar 
that time. Some took a y 
make twenty-four inches, and 
ten months, working fifteen 1 
day, to finish a pair of men's 



Something about Lace. 



6$ 



) considered a recommends- 
l to have a piece of lace made all 
We hand. 

[kit old Valenciennes was far 9U- 
pr Co any now made under that 
it The rr'seau was fine and 
pact, the flowers resembling 
in tl.eir texture. The fault of 
lace was its color, never a pure 
it, being so long under the 
a damp aim of a 

ah cast. In 1840, an old 1. 

sale, gathered the few old 
makers left in the city, and made 
tst piece of ran" Valenciennes of 
mportance which has been made 

.. It was a head-dress, 
presented by the city to the Du- 
e de Nemours. 

the palmy days of Valenciennes, 
en used to hand these laces 
1 to their children as scarcely 
valuable than jewel 
women would lay by their 1 
»r a year to purchase a piece 
t/eviennes for a head-dress, 
lines* specimens of tbi3 
lace known is a lace -bordered 
tetoogiiig to the C : the 

atioo, at Le Puy, in Auvergne. 
* breadths, twenty- 
thread, 
■e, though thick. The 
ind is a . », the pattern 

I, of flowers and scrolls. 
here n a story ; in 

tuary edict was issued by 
lenesehal, forbidding all persons, 
wot • age, sex, or rank, 

eo lace of any kind. Lacc-n 

ef employment of 
women of ti x, great 

lew resolietl from the edict. In 
ten- of trial, the beggared people 

• I'. 

•t only consoled t 

c sincerity of his 

wenttoTou- 

ui.icd a revocation of 

ad at his suggestion the 

vol. xvn. — 5 



Jesuits opened to the Aurergnc laces 
a market in the New World. 

This good friend to the poor is 
now S. Fram . and is vene- 

rated in Auvergne as the patTon saint 
of the lace-makers. 

The finest and most elaborate- V;t 
iennes is now made at Yprc 
Flanders. Instead of the close r/teau 
of the old lace, it has a clear wire 
ground, which throws the figure out 
well. On a piece of this Ypres lace 
not two 1i1l.es wide, from aoo to 300 
bobbins arc employed, and (01 larger 
widths as many as 800 or more arc 
used on the same pillow. There arc 
now in Fknden , 9 i nc-schools, of 
which 157 are the pro p e rty of reli- 
gious communities. 

We may say here that lace- makers 
now use Scotch cotton chiefly, ins' 

i-.:n, finding it cheaper, more clas- 
tic, and brilliant. Only Alencoo, 
some choice pieces of Brussels, and 
the finer qualities of Mechlin arc now 
made of flax. The difference can 
scarcely be perceived by the eye, and 
both wash equally well, but tin: cot- 
ton grows yellow with age, while 
en retains its whiteness. 

Alcncon, the only French lace now 
■Bade on a pillow, was fir.it made in 
France by an Italian worker, who, 
finding herself unable to teach the 
>;on women the true Venetian 
ft, stTurk out a Dew path, ami, by 
assigning to each one a different part 
Of the work, as Brussels did afterward, 
succeeded in producing th 
elaborate point ever made. Early 
specimens show rich scroll-work con- 
nected by brides. One piece has 
XVI. and Maria 
Theresa, with the crown and cipher, 
i.twined with flowers. The pat- 
terns were not at first botlltl 

vly .it all . but 

their work was pence!. 

Point Alencon is made entirely by 
the hand, on a parchment pattern, in 



imall pieces afterwards united by in- 
irt of " fine 
' ing" was formerly a secret con- 
i to France and Belgium, hut is 
now known in England and Ireland, 
i part of this work is given to 
i-icrcnt person, who it trained I 
rliildhood fo v. The 

number formerly required was eight- 
een, but is now twelve. 

The design, engraved on copper, 

is printed off in divisions upon pieces 

uncnl ten iig, each 

a green, is pricked with 

the pattern, and sewed to a piece of 

very coarse linen folded double. 

of the pattern is then 

le by gui'iinj.: two flat threads 

Ige with the left thumb, 

and fiaing them by minute stitches 

passed with another thread and 

ic parch- 
then handed 
nothcr to make the ground, 
in is 
I forward from the 

["be flowers 
arc wotl. i fine needle and 

in button-hole Bti 

thread turned 

the end of the flower is 

worked over in the next 

row, making thus a (bong fabric 

i ome the open-work fitli 

I operations, after which the 

lace is taken from the parchment by 

nig a sharp I .ecu the 

The head of the 

i the parts together. 

polish it. 
i ,. 

i Napoleon I. rc- 
U prosperity'. Among the 

ir the era 
■ ith M u 

..•at rich 

low- 



cases were all of the finest AUt, 
bride. Again the manufacture 
guished, though efforts were ma 
revive it, and, in 1840, two hui 
aged women— ere 1< 

the workers — were gatliercd. 
the old point had been made 
hereditary set of workers, am 
lace-maken they were <>i>ligcd 
>m other district 
not learn their stitches, con 
i^cs crept in. But the 
ture was revived, and some fini 

1 11 
of 1851. among them a ft< 
valued at 22,000 francs. 

a eig 
month! piete. Th 

afterwards in the Era 
cwbtiUe de maritge. 

Alcncon was chiefly used i 
■■lie prepared fo 
: The ct 
Mechlin, the coverlet 
con lined with srr.in. The 
ing robe, mantle, and 
were also of Alcncon, and 
covered the three eorMtk b 
the ii»i>en;il arms and 
trimmed the twelve dozen 
dercd frocks and the aprons « 
imperial nurses. 

Remembering all the magnifi 
whit b dust red around t' 
thta Infant, who had 

" {Jueeiik »1 h'u cradle, prouJ anil minl« 

one thinks with sadness of that 
boy who now, weeping 
loss of a t« r, beholds 1 

ing from his gaze, like a sp 

:. that throne he once stj 

1 1 I.' GIL Nowhcreon the fs 

the earth is one who has pos 
so much and lost so ran 
Ihiv; ■nd nowhere are a mothe 

iround whom cling 

•.thy. 
specimens of Alcncon i 
Exhibition of 1862 raaintainc 



5 



Something about Lace. 



itioa of the ancient fabric. 

ide bow, 

ly twisted threads, far inferior to 

ic last century. 

tcxagon wa a irule worked 

d »> . ' rum/. 

Of Late, the teapplicatioa of A!cn- 

flowers has been succe- 
Ktised by the peasant lace-workers 
'.hborlwod of Ostcnd, who 
W them to a fine Valenciennes 



Trie Char . which owed its 

i to C Iherine dc Rohan, 
Dachos ' 

Ween rather an object of luxury than 
of comn due. Bcin 

tide?' . and its | 

eacrioa for the nobility alon 

rkers became tlie victims of 

motutionary Fury in '93, and all pcr- 

or. ifibld with their 

manufacture was, 

and prospered 

during the 

*S>!c blond'. rage in Pa 

Tbc black was especially 

and her American 

manufactories 

:ed such beautiful scarfs, man- 

and other large pieces. Cab 

i.iakc a m 
but no! »o wclL The real 
ii a wry fine reseat/, and 
workmanship of the flowers is 

mesa. 

ly shawls in tlie 

- made at 

■illy 

extra fine shawls, dresses, and 

1 Oi >n to its 

the Brussels, they are 

! separate];'. At first the;. 

•wieii in » afterwards 

HfifW, or sewed ou agroi | 

iW»<ii ;iet was very beau- 

:y expensive. It was 

"fe w read procured 

"*» Antwerp, the market price of 



which, in 1790, was ^70 per pound. 

ty -five guineas have been paj 
pou: . thread, and, in lime of 

war, one hundred guineas. The 
price of the lace was costly in propor- 
tfac manner of fixing it pecil 
lace ground was spread on: 
tlie counter, and the worker herself 
desired to cover it with shillings. 
The number of shillings that found a 
place on her work was the price of 
it. A Honiton veil often cost a 
hundred guineas. But tlie invention 
of machine-net changed all that, 1 
destroyed not only the occupation of 
the makers of hand-net, but was the 
<-• of the lace falling into disre- 
pute. 

root to revive the work, Queen 
Adc! .ed a dress of Honiton 

sprig3, on a ground of Bin. 
the flowers to be copied from nature. 
The skirt of this dress was encircled 
with a wreath of elegantly designed 
sprigs, the initials of the flow* 
ing her majesty's name: Arnarat 
Daphne, Eglantine, Lilac, Auric? 

Ivy, l);ihli:i, Kglantine. 

Queen Victoria's wedding lace was 
made at Honiton, difficulty b 

id in obtaining workers enough, 
the manufacture had been so little 
patronised, 'live dress, winch 1 
1,000 pounds, was entirely of Honi- 
ton sprigs connected on a pillow. 
The pattern were destroyed as soon 
as the lace was made. Several of the 
princesses have had their bridal 
dresses of Honiton. 

The application of Hutiiton sprigs 

has of late almost 

entirely given place to guipure. The 

ga arc sewed on a piece of blue 
paper, and \h 
low, by cut-works, or purlings, 01 

ied with the needle, button". 

: , being the best of all, or by 

aiton has fallen in public 
en by neglecting the pattern of 



68 



Sow/ thing about Lace. 



its lace, which docs not well imitate 
nature. 

A new branch of industry has 
lately risen there — that of restoring or 
remaking old lace. 

When old lace revived, it be 
mania. The literary ladies were the 

: to take this fever in England. 
Sidney, l.aily Hofgai i.ady 

Stepney made collections, and the 
Countess of Biessington left at her 
death several large chests full of fine 
antique lace. 

In Paris, the celebrated dressmaker, 
Madame Camille, was the first one to 
bring old laces into fashion. 

Much lace is taken from old tombs, 
cleansed, and sold, usually after hav- 
ing been made orer. All over Eu- 
rope it was the custom to bury the 
dead in lacc-trimmed garments, and 
in some cases these burial toilets were 
of immense value. In Hrctagne, 
the bride, a! Marriage, laid 

aside hci i dress, and never 

wore it again till it was put on after 
she was dead. Many of these old 
ton: 'en rifled, and the con- 

tents sold to dealers. 

In Ireland, lace-making was at one 
time quite successful. Swift, in the 
last century, urged the protection of 
home manufactures of all kill 
the Dublin Society, composed of a 
bond of patriots organized in 1749, 
encouraged the making of lace, and 
passed strong resolutions against the 
wearing of foreign lace. I.ady 
bella Demy, who died in J 792, a 
daughter of the Earl of Kerry, was 
especially active in the woik, and 
good imitations of Brussels and 
Ypres lace were made. In 1S29, the 
manufacture of Limerick lace was es- 
hcd. This is tarn!' on 

im-nct. Bui the emigration 
of girh to America, and the effort of 
the manufacturers to produce a cheap 
article, thus bringing it into diwejmte, 



have prevented this lace from at 
fog success. 

For half a century, machin. 
has -nig to imitate ha: 

made lace, - me instances 

with such success that the difference 
can scarcely be perceived In 1; 
a kind of looped lace was ma«i 
England on the stocking-frame, and 
the f.vbnc lias been constantly 

ing. But hand-made 1 
main tains its supremacy, and is grow- 
ing in favor, and old laces are men 
highly prized even than old jewels 
since the former cannot be 

v be imitated j the latter 
may be. a delicacy aad 

finish in needle and pillow beta 
which line can never give; 

besides that, the constant tendency 
machine- work, when or.ee " 
has attained excellence, is to 
riorate. 

We arc glad of this revival of I 
making ; for in no other waycan I 
luxury of the rich in dress so 
benefit women and chil' 
the poor. Most working-* 
have to work too hard, and th 
have to leave their homes to 
money. But lace-mak 

feminine 
feminine delicacy of organiiatH 
and it can be done at any time, 1 
at home, and of every quality, 
refining, too. One can scan 
a very coarse person m 
beautiful lace. It teaches 
woiker to observe nature and 
the selection and working of patter 
and it stimulates inventiveness, 
there be any. Ami more than 
by the multitudinous ticking of 
little bobbins, and tl 
of these shining needles, thou 
that torture i and terrible class 
•' the poor " might 1>= able to 

Dot ooljr the wolf of hunger, I 
Lion of crime. 



Antiquitits of th< /. 



69 



riQurrrcs of the law. 



(We have recci tide from 

l ray distinguished and learned 
New York bar, with 
ccompanying letter, in which he 
among other things, as fol- 

•Confined as I am by my in! 
ia tn my house, and wearying of the 
Oneness of the life 1 hive to li 
■raetimes vary ray occupation by 
Airing into the ' Antiquities of the 

•-re lately come across an old 
in book published in 171 1. which 
ha been several years in my library, 
Wa entirely lost sight of by me 

■OCT- 

st I have been 
•i ides for one of our law jour- 
ah, and began the accompanying 
wide far the same publication. 

le writing it, it occurred to mc 
- more useful, if not 
■are interesting, tn the readers of 
acfc a journal as your Cai 1 
Wouii than to those of a mere law 
JNmal; and as I abhor religious in- 
nfcrance in all forms, and see so much 
• am this country, I concluded to 
lad it to you, t 
&*7 deem it advisable to use it. "J 

Aiji-suTiotf.— The statute 35 Bin. 
if. s was made wholly against Pop- 
Mi Recusant* 601 X 16 Years 
enjoining them not to remove 
*bove J Miles from their Habitation : 
if they do, and not being covert 
.■uric- waving Land to the 
V*h* of ao Marks per Amu, 
Gwdt worth ^40, they must abjure 
Aefcagdom. HaUi ft. O. aa& 

on Persons w)io ab- 
•OS themselves from Church « 



Cause, and refusing to conform 
in 3 Months after conviction." 35 
Elit. <ap. 1. 

ARMOUR. — (Recusancy was deny- 
ing the Supremacy of the Queen 
adhering to the Tope ax Supreme 
Head of the Church.) "The At 
mour of Recusants convict slsall be 
taken from them by Warrant from 
ire." 

•• II they conceal their Ar 

Disturbance in the Delivery, 
one Justice may commit them for 3 
months withou: I'm I "■ 3 Jac. tap, 5. 

Bail : When allowed or denied. — A 
Minister "depraving'" : 
Prayer-Book, as fixed by Statu te, Ml 
liable, fol first offence, to commit- 
ment for 6 months; for second of- 
e, for ■ year ; and for third of- 
fence, for life. 

'• Being present at any Other I 
1 Offence, Commitment for 6 
Months; Second Offence, ij Months; 
Third Offence, for Life." 

Recusants. "Suspected to be a Jesu- 
it, Seminary, or Priest, and being 
amincd refuseth to answer, may lie 
committal till he answer directly. ' 

" Impugning the Queen's Author- 
ity in Ecclesiastical causes; pcrswad- 
ing others to it or from coming to 
church ; meeting at Conventicles. 
I«r Colour of Religion, or pcrswad- 
olhers to meet there, commit- 
ment till they conform and make an 
open Submission and Declaration of 
their conformity." 

"Absenting from Church on Sun- 

jr, and no Distress to be had, Com- 
mitment till Forfeiture is p-: 

eve the Age of 16, and absent- 



TO 



ing for a Month : Forfeiture 20s. ptr 
th, or be committed till paid." 
23 Eli:, tap. i . 

Keeping a School Masts or 
other Servant in the House, and not 
coming to Church for a Month, the 
ter of such House forfeits _^io 
per Month." 

Blasphemy. — By Statute 9 and 10 
Ull/., - Any Person bred in or pro- 
fessing the Christian Religion, .inil 
who shall, by Writing, Printing, Teach- 
ing, or advised S) any 

one of the Persons in the Trinity; or 
assert that there are more Gods than 
one; or deny tfic Christian Religion 
to be true, or the Holy Scriptures to 
be 0( \uthority, " shall U 

abled to have any office," and " if con- 
victed a second time, he shall be dis- 
abled to sue in any court, or to be a 
Guardian or Executor or Admmistra- 
t«r, ami he incapable of any 1-egacy 
or Gift, or of any office, and shall be 
committed for Three Years without 
BaiL" 

I Wakoens. — ■ By Com- 

mon Law they are a corporation to 
take care of the Goods of the 
h." 

" An Attorney cannot be made a 
Church Warden." 2 Roll. Abr. 272. 

•• He is to w:e that the Parishioners 
come to Church every Sunday and 
Holiday, and to present the Names 
of such who are absent to the Ordi- 
nary, or to levy 1 sJ. for every offence. 
per S&ti. 5 and 6 EJ., 1 Elis. cup. 1." 

u Arresting a I >ing to or 

ictn tn Church may be ; 

ished by Indictment or bound to 
Good Behaviour. The Offence is 
the same if a Layman be am 
Quarreling in Church o» 
Yard, if a Laymai impended 

obi^rttsia EnUsU; if a Clergyman, 
• ah ** m. But if a Weapon be drawn 
with intent to strike, the Party may 



be convicted, etc.. and J 
lose one of his Ears by cu 
and if no Ears, to be marked 
1 k with ih • 
Bd. (V. tap. .,. 

Seats in Churen, . " The 
nary may place and displace 
he thinks fit." 

"A Man may have a Scat 
Church appendant to his House 
may prescribe for it, etc. Bit 
cannot pre* ribe to a S 
Body of the Church generally." 
Air., 2 Jbrs. 288. 

'• Dm case is the same in 
of a Church? a Cro. 367. 

•• frtttutmenA " arc to be m 
the Church Wardens, usually tw 
year, but cannot be compelled 
cr than once a year, c\ 
Visitation of the Bishop. 

•' The Articles commonly cxh 
to them to make their Ptcscii 
may be reduced thus, viz. : 

To Things which concern 
Church, the Parson, the Parish 

And Ftrit,tothoit Things whie 
cern the Church ; as, 

Alms, whether a Box for tha 
pose ; Assessments, whether ma 
repairs; Helis and Hell Ropes, 
Repair; Bible, whether in 
Canons, whether a Book th 
Carpet; Chest, with three U 
Church and Chancel in R 
Creed in fair Letters ; Cups and 
vers for Bread, etc. ; Cushion fo» 
pit; Desk for Reader ; I. 

Letters; Marriage, a Ta 
Degrees; Monuments safely 
Parsonage House in Rep 

veil Fenced; Comman< 
in Fair Letters; Common Pr 
Book ; Communion Table ; Pla 
Font; Grave Stones well 
Queen's Arms, set up; Ri 
Book in Parchment ; Supplies, 
cr any ; Table-cloth ; Tombs wi 

2. Those Things which cam 
Ibrson .- 



Antiquities of the Law. 



7' 



■ twice a 1 

I 

nnce a 

Mr. read. 

;. them ; Doc- 

c preach good ; Oo»: 

r ptea. if read 

[it «e preach ; January 30th, if ob- 

May Jgth, if observed ; 

ring private wArr 5th, 

obscr . i . I'rctc'ning c 

■ M ' ■ ■ P rambula- 
1 cnt, ifcci 
Mb. U rtxt led : Sick, if visited; Sober 
if wear it. 
T\>ru Things wktih (tmcern Far- 



: Alms House*, 
[i abased; Ale Houses, and in Di- 
me Service ring, according 
'to Kubrick; Baptism >:d by 
hrrr.t»; Blasphemer ch, re- 
1 ght to be 
Drunkards, if any ; Fornica- 
Lcgacies, if any given to 

.... ■ 

tecs; Marrying without 

il hours; 

tin a year 

to be 

■ae time ; School, if abused : Seats, 

laoocrs . i in them 

I contention; Standing up; 

Sumins, wot king therein ; Swearers, 

come to be 

snt agair.it one for not 
craning to Church. 

ile, etc. : 
Sossex, s*. Whereas Oath 
been n me That J. (). 

of, etc , I's Day 

•** past resort to any Church, 
Carpel, or oUier usual Place appoint- 
■1 by • I there 

ling to the 
that case 
iled. 
»e are therefore to require 
J*»,etc, to bring the said J. O. before 



me to answer the Premises. Gi 

"Any Man m 1 hurch 

or Chappel, but the Law takes no 
Notice of it 

e, whether Church 
or Chappel, 11 tried by the 

Certificate of the Bishop." 

ROT. — 

- Before tin- to •■' xgy 

paid no Tenths to the I. 

! to the 

Popr ; but a their 

Living* were valued all over 1 
land, and the Tenths paid to 

; and by the Statute 26 Hen. 
VIII. cap. 3, they were annexed to the 
CtOWfl I'.in-vi r." 

y of their | im were 

" confirmed by MegM ('■■■ 
EttUna sit litem." 
As to the Benefit 1 r , It 

i i.\ the 
mpting their perm 
poral J nrisdii tion, ' 1 1 a Privi 
0D purpose to save the Life of a 
linal in certain casts, if he was a 
man of learning, as accounted in 

thO» I be 

useful to the l'ullick. — At first it 
extended to any person who ci 
read, he declaring that he had vowed 
or was resolved tO enter into O: '. 
and the 1 

lifted. — But ofterwart iad- 

ing without a Vow to enter inl 1 Ol 
den was held good, and now 'tis be- 

IC a legal conveyance of Mercy 
to both Clergy and Laity." 

; ' l; ut tho' the Ordinary usually 
tenders the Book, the Court are 
the proper Judges of the Criminal's 
Reading: Therefore, where the Ordi- 
nary answer Quod l<j>it, the Court 
judged otherwise, fined the Ordinary, 
and hang 

I where 
Clergy is allowable, and 'tis recorded 
by the Court Quod nou iegit : if the 



7* 



Antiquities of tht lurw. 



_. 



Offender l>e reprieved, the Book may 
be tendered to him again because 
infavorem vita, for which Reason he 
may have it under the Galloi- 
Dyer, aos b. 

i ii those days, an offender might 
have his Clergy even for Murder 
gutties, but this was retrained 
by the siatutc of 4 Hen. VII. tap. 13, 
that he should have it but once. 
And for the better Obscrvanrc of 
that Law, it was then provided That 
the Criminal ••' narked upon 

the Brawn of the Left "thumb, that 
lit mi_L'ht be known again upon a 
second Offence" — "which was not 
intended as any Part of the Judg- 
ment " — " It was only a Mark 
upon the Offender that he might not 
l>ave his Clergy a second Time." 

By the Common Law, "all Of- 
fenders, except in Treason against 
the Person of the Queen," =Jiould 
the Benefit of Clergy "and 
,/ueties ; but by statute of 15 Ed. 
III. <-<r/>. 4, it was prohibited in Trea- 
sons ; and by that of 4 lieu. I VI. it is 
restrained to one Time, so that now 
1:1 17 r 1) there arc but very few 
cases wherein the Common Ij* de- 
nies Clergy, but in many 'tis taken 
away by several acts of Parliament." 
from whom it was 
thus taken away, were Popish Recu- 
sants by act of 35 Elis. cap. 1 and 2, 
■nd those who receive Priests being 
natives of England, and ordained by 
the Sec of Rome by act of 27 / 
cap. 2. 

•■ In Anno 2 £,/. VI, the Reform- 
ers, intending to bring the Worship 
of Cod under set forms, compiled a 
Book of Common Prayer, which was 
cstabUhi.il by Act of Parliament in 
that year." 

" But because several things were 
contained in that Book ffhii h showed 
a c: to the supers&i 

Humours of those limes, and some 
Exceptions being made to it by pre- 



cise Men at Home and by Jc 
Calvin abroad, therefore two 
afterwards it was reviewed, in whi 
Martin fiucer* was consulted 
some Alterations were made, whii 
consisted in adding some Things | 
leaving out others, as in the 
Edition : 

A general (' 
Bl to the daily | 
vice. 

A general Absolut! 
to the truly Penitent 
The Communion 
begin with reading 
The Addi- Commandments, tl 
tions were, < People kneeling, 
viz.: And a Rubrick 

earning the Posture 
kneeling, which 
afterwards ordered to | 
IM by lite statute* 
the 1 lu'i:., but is 
again explained as 
I Ed. VI. 

The use of Oil in 1 
firmation and Extrc 
Unction. Pxayens 
Souls departed. 
And what tended 
of the Corpor 
Presence in the Cc 
crationoi 
"Afterwards, Anno 5 Ed. VI 
Bill was brought into the House 
I .oids to enjoin Conformity to 
new Book w ith these Alterations, I 
which all People were to come 
those Common Prayers under pain < 

. h Censure, which Bill pa 
into a Law, Anno 5 and 6 J 
but not being observed during 
1 of Queen Mary, it was ag 
reviewed by a Committee of l.cai 
Men (naming them), and appoie 

• Thi* aiis ficrnian Reformer "bodied la 

lllx nanir vrM kulitinri: <( iiwaIh.::. 

;hc Cubled of thai dnr,hcCre«kiric«l to ImoJ 
<oi) and Ktrmt (horn) : thr vxnir a, ft lUlffclpMI. 

dnn RcfcroMr, cl.ir.jc4 kli 
from Srtiwiucd i,btick «anM. 



left out: 



Antiquities of the Law. 



73 




id by every Minister, Anno 
i some Additions, 
then made, I 

■ Lessons for Every Sunday 

it, some Alterations in the 

tgy. Two Sentences added in the 

f the Sacrament, intimat- 

o the Communicant* that Christ 

Jly present in the 

The Form of making 

Priests, and Deacons was 

arfrir 

these and other Statutes 

end: 

Punishment of a Minister 

to use or depraving the 

•iinon Prayer. 

Punishment of any other 

epraviug it, and of such who 

or be present at any other 

;o arc bound to OK 
: .ride it." 
ie Punishment of the Minister 
for »st offence, Joss of a year's 

inti six imprison- 

.1 offence, Dc| i and 

rnonment for a Year; 3d of- 

.eminent for Life and 

rivatkm. 

'her Person, for 1st Offence, 
months' Imprisonment ; ad Of- 
C. t« : lis; and 3d Oft' 

[Me. s and 6 EJ. VI. tap. 1. 

Form 0: iould be 

c Place other than 
■ding to the said Book." 
If Statute 3 jfae. cap. 4, CorrsU- 
\ " must once a Year present to 
Quarter Sessions those who ah- 
t themselves for the space of a 
lata from ■ . and he must 

If certain forfeitures on those who 
tp or resort to Howling, Dancing, 
»fm$.o« any sport whatever on 

ltb ; and on a Butcher who 
HI HI or sell Flesh on that day. 

Uarusrrs ■ are those who refuse 
tfeaj Supremacy to the Queen by 



Sting to the Pope as Supreme 
Head of the Church." 

"Anne 14 Hen. VIII. cap. 12, 
tot prohibited Appeal* to 
Rome, etc." 

"The King ap| 
ed :' tats should be as- 

sembled by his Writ, and thai 
Canons or c u should be 

contrary to his Prerogative or the 
■ 
•• In the lame Year an Act passed 
to restrain «hc Payment of First 
I-'mitt to the Court of Rome." 

■ [n the next year, 26 I/en. 17//.. 
An Act passed by which the i 

FruJU of all . -..ere 

given to the K: 

In ihc same Year, "an Act passed, 
ibiung IttvttHhmt of Arch. 

ipe; bm 

that in a the King should 

send his Letters- missive to a Prior or 

Convent. Dean or Chapter, to choose 

her." 

•• Likewise, in the same Year, ali 
Lucases and Diipenstttions from the 
Court of Rome were prohibited, 
that all Religious Houses should 
: the Visitation of the Ring." 

And by an Act passed the same 
Year (viz.. 1534), The King was 
'• declared to be Supream Head 0/ 
the Church." 

" But he did not exercise any act 
of that Power till a year afterwards, 
by appointing Sir Thomas Cromwell 
to be his Yicar General in Ecclesias- 
tical Matters, and Visitor of all the 
Monatteritt and other l'l.wleged 
Places in the Kingdom." 

In .-7 Her,. VIII. (1536) "all the 
lesser Monasteries, under the nun 
of twelve Persons, and whose Reve- 
nues were not of t of j£ioo 
per annum, were given to the King, 
his i iccessors; and a 
Court was erected on purpose for 
collecting the Kcvcmp. ig to 
the- tries, which was called 



74 



InHguitifS oj 



■ 



77ie Court ef All 

Kin/s Hewiuf, who hud fall power 

to dispose of those 1 juds for the Ser- 

The officers of this Court had, 
among its other duties, that of inquir- 
ing '" into 111 a of Rtligiaut 
in the House, and what Lives they 
led J how many would j;o into other 
Religious Houses, and how many 
into the /( ! it." 

The whole of the goods thus con- 
:ed were valued .tt ^'loo.ooo, 
and the rents of these small M 
tcrics came to ,£32,000 fer annum. 

"This occasioned great Di 
tents amongst the people," to appease 
Which the King sold some of the 
Lands " to the Gentry " at low Rates, 
"ot in to keep up Hospi- 

tality." 

"This pleated both them and the 
ordinary Suit of I little 

time; and, to satisfy others," the 
King "continued or gave back 
thirty-one Houses. But these, about 
two Years afterwards, fell under the 
Common Pate of the great M 
terics, and were all suppressed with 
then." 

nghegaveback 
some of these Houses, yet the People 
Were still di I, and open- 

ly rebelled in ZituafasAbv, which was 
quel I'ardon: There was an- 

other Rebellion in KwAfltwrandthc 
Northern Counties, which ended also 
in a Pardon, only some of the chief 
of the Rebels were executed for this 
last Rebellion." 

Most Of the Monasteries, ** seeing 
their Dissolution drawing ncn, n 
voluntary Surrenders of theil Hot! 
in the 19th ytar of Hen. VIIL, in 
Hopes by this means to obtain Favor 
ng; and after the Rebellion, 
the rest of the Abbots, both great 
and small, did the like ; for some of 
them had encouraged the Rebels, 
others were convicted by the Visit- 



ors of gr, 

els and Furniture 
Houses, to make Provision 
and Relations ami then sum 
their Monaster 

" Afterwards, Anm 3 r //. 
a Bill was brought into the H 
Peers to confirm 
There were 18 Abbots* prei 
the first Reading, :o al 
and 17 at the third, it soon 
the Commons and the Royal 

and by this Act all the Houm 
were confirmed to the K 

■ ' 1 'm true, the Hospitalki 
leges and Cbanteriee, etc., w 

yet dissolved. . . .11 
iarge endowments to support 
selves and to entertain Pilgri 
- But notwithstanding I' 
was declared to bet! 
of the Church, yet these H 
would not submit. " etc , " an 
fore, Anno -31 Hen. VIII. 
The Parliament gave their 
the King and dissolved I 

ration." 

"The Colleges and Chanti 
remained ; but the 1 

gatory being then grown out 
lu:t I and some of those Kra 

having resigned in the same 
as the Monasteries, the End' 
of the rest were then I 
Inr no purpose, and there! 

37 Btn. via., all 
Free Chapels, Chan 
given to the King by Act 
ment." 

•• Tims in the Com 
years, the Power and Autli 
the See of Rome was sup; 
this Kingdom. An 
qucnt Attempts have been 
revive it, therefore, in su 

• Abbott were then, as BUhopI »« i 
bcr* of the Home Of Lord 
B* of lhc>c •' found' 

wit* Sacuta Prion*, who h«J pent 

Muocnfor ii,e Mulkof the founder* 



Antiquities of the I 



7$ 



.several Lan 
ep them ; >n." 

song those were the folluss 
ant above 16 must go 

I place of Abode and not rc- 

5 rnilcs without license or 
rise abjure the Realm, Not 
ting wit i 
unices, or returning vrithout li- 

from the Queen, was felony 
hi Benefit of Clergy. 35 I 

SSSJ 

D absolve or to lie absolved by 
j Bishop of Rome was 
Treason." 13 Eiis. a/. :. 
[ringing an Agm inthcr.or 

»g it to any Person to be used, 
be ami the Reci iu$ a 

t*ire* : '. z. All Ar- 

ils all be taken from Recusants 
ilcr of four Justices."' 7 y>v. 

oging over Beads or offering 
to any person, be the 

1? a Prcru unite. 13 1 

'wo 1 nay search Mouses 

looks and Rclscks, and burn 

usant must be 

• i ' i.urch yardac- 

to the Ecclesiastical Laws, 

ocutoror irator for- 

tap. 5. 

hudrcn of Recusants must be 

icr, or the 

.-.-. cap. 5. 

Popish K sue any 

M, Use Dclei! plead it 

I not be Executor, Ad- 
urator , or Guardian." 3 y, ic. tap. 5 
1 married woman, a Popish Re- 
in: nforming 
i-a 3 months after conviction, 
1 be committed by two Justices 

'ftmaalri ' i» ■ puaMwit falHcMd br 

I «wmuo( tSrwSjDilct ■. UiiiK oul 

(UWptsMuieutlbe 



until she conform, rjnli 

band will pay to the King 10 

lings per month or a third pan of his 

other- 
wise than according 1 -ins 
of the Church of England shall 
fell ,£»oo. It a woman, not have 
Dower or Jointure or Widow's 
Estate." . 5. 

-00 marks, 
hearing it ioo 

"J -ry Priests, etc.. 

and othei itiea] Persons ix>rn 

in the Queen's i tominions, con- 
ing ia it remaining in the said Do- 

: gliiit* Ol I : ' »7 EJtS. 

cap. 2. 

" Any knowing a Jesuit or Priest 
to be here ami not within 12 days 
aflei 1 to a Jus- 

eace thall be committed and 
." %i Eh 
" l'cr Stat. 3 y,u: tap. 4, to move 
any otic to promise Obedience to the 
See of J Prince is High 

Treason in the Mover and he that 
proruiselh Obedience.'' 
" Recusant Convict must not pta 
the Art of Apothecary, Civil 
Lav, 1 be 

an officer in . igst 

lien, or in a ( .tress or 

Ship." 3 y<i:. tap. 
"Sending P leyond Sea to 

mtmcted in Popish Religion for- 
feits ^,'100, tad the Persons sent arc 
incapable to take any lnheiitav 
1 yac. cap. 4. 
" Children shall not be sent bc- 
l Sea without License from the 
Queen or si\ of hei Piivj Council, 
ipal Secret a ry of 
to be or.: 
" Notwithstanding all these Laws, 
the Parliament (11 ami 12 HV/.) was 
of Opinion that Popery increased, 

therefore to prevent its grov. 
Law was in.,' if any person 

should take one or more Poptih 



76 



Antiquities of tht Law. 



Bishop, yesuit or Priest, and prose- 
cute him convicted of say- 
ing Mass or exercising any other part 
of the Office or Function of a Fbpish 
Bishop or I'nest" he shall have a re- 
ward of j£ieo. 

■ If any Popish Bishop, Priest or 
Jesuit, shall be convicted of sa j 
Mass, etc., or any Papist shall Keep 
School, etc., he shall be adjudged 
to perpetual Imprisonment in such 
place where the Queen by At. 
of her Council shall think fit." 

" Every Papist, after the 10th of 
April, 1700, is made incapable of 
purchasing Lands, etc., either in his 
own Name or the name of other 
Person, to his use." 

The Sabbath. — " Shoemaker put- 
ting Boots or Shoes to sale forfeits 
y. $d. and the goods." 1 yat. I. 
cap. 11. 

" Carriers, Drivers, Waggoners, 
tra\clling on that day forfeit 205." 
3 Car. I. cap. 1 

"Butchers killing or selling, or 
causing to be killed or sold or privy 
or consenting to kill or sell Meat on 
that day, forfeit 6s. &d." 3 Car. I. 
tap, 1. 

By 29 Car. II. eap. 7 "Public 
and Duties of Piety arc cn- 

ill worldly business is pro- 
hibited, and all above the Age of 14 

5*- H 

•• J 1 rovers or their servants COI 
to their Inns on that day forfeit 
tot* 

" If the Offender is not able to pay 
the Forfeiture, he shall be put in the 
Stocks for two Hour;." 

rting together out of du-ir 
owri l'arifh for any Sports or Pas- 
times, forfeit 3 s. 4//." 1 Car. I. cap. 1. 

•:r— " Depraving or <lo- 
my Thing in contempt of 
Sacrament must I 
1 Ed. VI, eap. 1, 1 EH:. 2, 3 y<tc. 4. 



Schoolmaster. — " Not coming I 
church or not allowed by the 
Bishop of the Diocese, forever dis- 
abled to teach Youth, and shall be 

lilted for a year without M 
23 Elis. eap. 1. 



mi 



made 



Tithes. — "A canon 
Antw 1 585 for payment of Tythcs 
founded on the Law of God and 
ancient Custom of the Church." 

" When Glanville wrote (a 1 
1660), a Freeholder was allowi 
make a. Will, so as he gave the 
Tiling he had to the Lord 
and the next best to the Church. 

•• They arc said to be L'ccl 
< ul Inheritances collateral to the 
tate of the Land, out of which 
arise, and are of their own Nature 
only to Spiritual Persons." 

Certain Lands wctc, however, 
empt. " Most order* of Monks 
first exempted; but in time this 
restrained to three orders — Ci 
nans, Hospitallers, Templars." 

Dissenters. — After the 
laws .-.■; .-.mst •• Popish Rcc-.isants,' 
they were called, had had the 
of rendering somewhat firm the 
tablishment of the English Proti 
Church, and about the time of 
reign of Queen Elizabeth, a new 
ble arose from those who dissei 
from that church, in its forms am 
some of its principles, and govi 
ment then began to interfere 
them. 

In the 1st Year of the reign 
William and Mary these " 
tcrs" were exempted from the 
utes of 1 Elis. cap. 2, 23 Elis. a 
3 ydc. cap. 4, above mcntioi 
" But they must not assemble in 
Places with Dorr; locked, barred, or 
bolted, nor until the place is certified 
t« the Bishop of the Diocese 01 
the Arch Deacon or to the Justice* 
at the Quarter Sessions, and registered 



Joseph in Egypt a Type of Christ. 



77 



they have a certificate 

Preacher. 

"i subscribe the " Ar- 

* of ," except the 20th, 
k, 35th, ami 36th vticlco, and 
1 uke the oaths and subscribe the 
illation prescribed by cei 
ites, and tiut at the Qu 
ions where they Ii 
> that, from the reign of 1 

-ough the reign of James I., 

until the die troubles which 

. the civil war and the Pro- 

Mmte of Cromwell, Dissenters 

mbject to many of the re 
\ which had been imposed ou the 
on Catholics; and even when 
e troubles anally ended in the 
James II., and the elevation 
llliaru i< to tlie ihi 

torn of religion was not allowed 
but they ••■ 
i y their di 1 the 

• and ceremonies of the Church 
Mtgland only by declaring their 

JOS r A TYPE OF CHRIST. 

ook do» holy Father, 



assent to many of . nportant 

tenets of faith or doctrine. 

The oaths of allegiance and su- 
premacy enjoined by the Statutes 
of 1 Llit. and 3 'jac. were abro- 
1 by the Statute of « Witt, and 
tap 8, and the following sub- 
stituted: 

•lccrcly promise and 
swear that I will be faithful and bear 
true allegiance," etc. 

, do swear that I do from 
my Heart abhor, detest and abjure 
as Impious, and Heretical, that dam- 
nable Doctrine and Position that 
excommunicated ur deprived 
by the Pope OS any authority of the 
See of Rome may be deposed by 
or any other whatso- 
ever; and I do declare that do 
cign Prince, Person, Prelate, State 
or Potentate, hath or ought 
any Jurisdiction, Power, Sap 

1 1 lest 
astical or Spiritual, within tli« 
So help me God." 



I *o 

1 thy 
. thy holy 1 
off"..-- thec foi the sins 01 
bren; and have mercy on 
Qtndc of our iniquities. Lo 
c 1.' is our Bro- 

thc cross. 
it hangs 
say; for 

I is the coat of 
Joseph, thy Son; an evil wild 



beast hath devoured him, and hath 

its fury, 
ling all the beauty of (ins his re- 
nt corpse, and, lo! five nun 
ful gaping wounds it- This 

mtent which tby innocent 
holy Child Jew M of hi* 

brethren. 

lot, think:. I of 

> better thing than the loss 

d choosin, to DC 

despoiled of his coat of flesh and go 

down to the prison of < 

to the voice of the sedu< 
ali the- glory of (he world.— 5, Antelm. 



Madamr Agnts. 



MADAM I. AG 



r*OK tbs rnKKoi or cm.na* onoit. 

CHAPTER I. 

IS WUIC1I WS AM MADE ACQUAINTED WITH MADAME ACNES. 



About twenty years ago, I lived in 
a town in V' 

allowed to call 1 It need 

be sought on the map: it mil 
not be foi . at least under the 

name 1 think it proper to call it by, 
in order to avoid all appearance of 
rrction. f\ am about 

to relate is really a true one. 

■ • just finished my school-days, 
and, having carefully thought over 
the different professions which seem- 
ed to accord with my tastes, I felt — 
and it may be imagined how bitterly 
— that not one ot 
my mr.iii^. To embrace any of them 
would have required a larger sum 
than I had the le oE Un- 

der such unfavorable circumstances, 
1 bc< r in B I 

1 . . ■ -tv enemies, if 

I have any, '■■■■ .-.n occu- 

« ! At the end of three months, 
worn out with my labors, and over- 
whelmed with humiliations and sad- 
ness, 1 had fallen into such a state 
ofdiscoQi o ly of dc- 

it I regai If as the 

most unfortunate of men. 

To those who wish to be distb- 
frOffl the crowd, the: 

attractive in 
looking upon themselves as more 
•PPy 'ba^ ! mortals. I 

gave myself op to l m, at first 

through load of 

superiority is by no means cheering, 
I assure you, so I soon sought con- 
solation. Thank Cod. I had not far 
to go. My old friend, Mmc. Ag- 



nes, was at hand. I sough 
with her. I speak as tl 

, but it rnc 
■ 
ed a ) I to Methuselah, 

j cars of age ; 
only eighteen, and thought 

Mine. Agnes lived on a b 
pleasant quay that gi 
towards a noble river, 
steps from the house rolled th< 
current of the Loire. licyom 
an extensive plain front whid 
Innumerable spires. 

When I arrived, I found my 
in her usual seat near I 
She was in a large arm chair, 
table before her, on which »•( 
the materials necessary for a 
of miniatures. Mmc. Agnes t 
nowucd in PbQopoiil as an 
Her uncommon talent enable 
to support her mother and 
sister in a comfortable rrj 
Alas ! poor lady, she had been 
lytic lor ten years. 

According to her custom, sll 
her work when I enter* 
welcomed me with a smile, 
expression of pleasure gave p 
one of motherly anxiety wh< 
observed the Bad face I wore. 

•• What is the matter, my 
child ?" said she. •• You have 
frightfully thin." 

"I cannot say 1 am 
cd, "but I am down-heartei 

have to i ion to b 

things cannot continue long 
way : I should die." 



I leaned my head 

I child i heart- 

so long restrained my 




* sofdy placed ha 

consoled me 
kindness truly mM 
my explosion of grief had 
I away, she made me py 

1 told 

for the tenth 

Jfination I literary life, 

I »as abs i j> >.>r to 

i that my duties 

ipils 
tort, 
Ming thai 

till tilCSC 

r sec, Mmc. -Agnes, 
il be more wn 
aw u$t end. Give 

iie of the good ad rice 
lies recei- 

patience, my child, and 
I nu'.>-, the way smooth - 

t! wh-n one suffers as I 

,- I could 

lew he. 

-:W wiut I ii 

>q only cocnprcii 

fgor timJ. your trials arc bit- 
I acfcaowleoife; but you are 
r . .'1 iodosl 

IrUl gr i by- 

e fore ire it only 

•I my strength, 
■i>shion. nor tastes, 
could stand what I have 

»y c. 

without 
of soon i 
kotcnt withuul results — de- 



testable, i ike— for one more 

Com flte USk til :rsu- 

nust be tii ,o\c lives. 

y know it, and resign themselves 

to it. You, who have only to bear 

ib for a i 

Be, come, 
my fiiend, every i 

:r ours civ 
BOOB seem light." 
Dg words were uttcr- 
i a sympathetic tone, as if | 
at the heart, l was toil 
I began to look - 

than evei 
fore, and the t . ■ coned to me 

like ■ revelation : this 

worn liavcsuffcied, and how 

instructive would be the account of 
her iiicl" 

[roe. Agn ' your 

■ • ■ ante 

. [ | • 

history of your life, '■■ rvi- 

dcntly gone throng 
and with great 
dent. 1 will endeavor to 
to your example." 

u require a - > ■ 1 tsu • 
she replied ; ■• bvl no matter, 1 
gratify you. -and who of 

us has not one ? — A to 

you, i 

reed) tever 

was one, as y 

■ c suffered, as you ■■•e — 

greatly st and have learned 

om 
suffering- d's will, 

and to cherish it. The leswn to be 
den'. ii Ik oi 

use to you, I trust, and therefore 
1 yield to your teq • 

ing. I would ob 

woven with the lives < •: per- 

sons wh' ■ 



Madame Agnes. 



By a concurrence of circumstances 
which would appear to me almost 
inexplicable did 1 not behold the 
hand of God therein, 
many yean wa» identified, so to 
sjxak, with theirs. I witnessed the 
-•gles these loved ones had to 
make; I shared their veiy thoughts; 
it sorrows, as 
they in mine; and 1 also had the 
lutppbess of participating in their 
joys. 



" When, therefore, I invoke 
rcmeiii ou wish me to v 

'long the pall:, 
life these friends now gone 1 > 
not relate my own history wii 
relating theirs, lint everything 
courages me to go on. 
pleasant. It is sweet to spea 
those we hare loved I The fa 
picture I am going to draw of 
lives will be as full of instmctii 
you, my friend, as that of my 01 



cn,\riKR n. 



I>egin: my father, a worthy 

man and a sincere Christian, was a 

••• Division at the Prefecture. A 

; ss bereft me of his care 

when iltccn years old. 

My mother, my )Oung sister, and 

myself were left in quite limited cir- 

nces, being wholly dependent 

on the rent ol i Lis .-mall home, which 

had belonged to the family many 

years. Sol after, a pi 

of live hundred francs was added to 

one by the government which 

ier had faithfully served. Our 

position was very sad, and the more 

so because, during my father's hie, 

wc had everything in abundance. 

But our misfortunes offered us a 

i-mcntx to dra. 
er to Can'.. It i* only ill balanced 
souls — at once proud and weak — 
that disregard him who chastises 
them. Poor souls! the, 
Wy to be I they suflei 

do not h.- e to him, who 

alone can console them I As for us, 
God granted u: i-c to recog- 

nise h He sustained us, 

and wc humbly submitted to i 
'iccrees. Misfortune on> 
pious. 
la «|tccial tarn 
ing fr 
-I' 1 Hiding lite 






ntovinrxcx sj.m>s a tjnnout. 

lesson s I had taken. I now set to 
with ardor, though I had no mi 
At the end of a year I had mai 
much progress that an old teach 
mine, the principal of a boar 
school— an excellent person, 
look an i in our affairs 

Ceived m of drawn 

her cstak o i 

mc give English lessons to begin 
This additional resource resi 
ease in a measure to our bouse 
Nevertheless, we were obligci 
practise the strictest economy. 
enable us to get on swimmingl 
my mother said with a smile, « 
last resolved to rent the spa« 
rea<l> fombhed a] i on 

| r.iund floor. The fust story 
occupied by a lodger, who ara 
the same time, a friend of ours, 
for us, wc lived in the second s 
Thing! went on thus for ; 
years. I was nearly twenty, i 
one day a young man, whom ne 
my mother nor myself knew, c 
to say he had heard our funx 
rooms were vacant, and that he w 
like tO occupy them. My mothc 
greatly pleased with his frank, i 
manner. She is very social, 
know, and made the strange 
down. They entered into con* 
tion, and I sat listening to the 








mistaken, monsieur ?" Hid 

r, after a while ; " it seem* 

already met you soroe- 

\es, madame," replied the young 
I have had the honor of sce- 
ki more than once." 

W Whr 

be apothecary's, 
head dcrlc there." 

. . I remember 
hare left him ?" 
the most singular circum- 
l: seems I am a writer 
at being aware of i 

low so r 

ou know the PhUojwlis Catholic 

•ait" 

ertainly: an excellent paper. 

\ great pity it is not so sua • 

res to be. Hut be- 
ss, it is partly its own fault : it 
interest ami it baa 

Doc able contributor — Victor 

a, bat be does not write often 

he poor fellow cannot help it. 
toties at the apothecary's shop 
naturally superseded his taste 
irnahMn." . . . 

hat ' .niicr ?" 

es, madame." 

h! well, young man, you do 
dr.uk 

then have said the same, mad- 

pc you are not all 

especially for the sake of the 

Sr Jfamnu/, of which I have 

Ippointed the principal editor. 

sed the post at first, the re- 

biiity seemerl so gre.it. They 

d. "The p ■-passed my 

nving 



81 



it, I had fur many years ardently 
longed to be a writer. But like so 
many others, the limitc tan- 

ces of my family prevented it. Now, 
thanks to this — expe ct e d offer, the 
opportunity of following my natural 
inclinations is so tempting that I 
cannot resist tL My good mother 
tells me it is a perilous career, and 
that I shall meet with more trouble 
than success. No matter I I am so 
:y pursuits that, were 
they to afford me only one day of 
iticss in my life, I rdiould still 
cling to them. And then, I say i: 
without boasting, I love above all 
things the cause I am to defend, and 
hope through divine assistance to be- 
come its able champion. I have. 
therefore, left M. Comtc'x, though 
not without some regret. I enter 
upon my duties to-morrow, and — am 
in want of lodgings." 

" Oh ! well, that is all settled. You 
shall come here and be well taken 
care of." 

After this, Victor left us. I 
have only given you the substance 
of the conversation in which I more 
than once took part. I must con- 
fcs» Victor won my esteem and good*- 
will at this first in terv iew . He 
merited them. He was at once an 
excellent and a talented man— that 
was to be seen at the first glance. 
1 tetter he was known, the more 
evident it became that his outward 
appearance, pleasing as it was, was 
not deceptive. He was then tweni 
five years old, but, though young, he 
had had many trials, 1 assure you — 
trials similar to yours, my young 
friend, but much more severe. 



! ; jk)f 



CHAPTER III. 
LOVE— HAfl-V VM >v 



jwing day Victor took up 
e *itii u». Before a fort- 
elapsed, my mother was 
wii. — 6 




enchanted with her new lodger. She 
sounded his praises from morning 
till night. This may perhaps aston- 



Ba 



Madame Agnes. 



ish you, but you must know that she 
ami I were always in the habit of 
telling each other our very thoughts. 
This reciprocal confidence wax so 
perfect that it might be truly laid we 
concealed nothing from each other. 

And I must confess Victor showed 
himself every day more worthy of my 
mother's admiration. He was the 
most modest, amiable, industrious, 
and orderly of young men — a genu- 
ine model for Christian men of let- 
ters. He rose every rooming at an 
early hour, and worked in hi* room 
till about eight o'clock. Then, mi- 
les! his occupations were too press- 
he heard Mass at a neighboring 
r that, he went to the 
yournal office, where lie remained 
iill noon ; then he returned to break- 
He left again at one, CUM 
back at three, worked till dinner 
time, then studied till ten at night, 
and often later. 

'• Why do you work so hard ? " 
said my mother to him one day. 
"The life of a journalist, acr.ording 
to you, is that of a galley-slave. 1 
never should have thought an editor 
had so hard a time. Vou have all 
the (bur large pages of the ybuma/to 
:^c\(, then, M. Victor?" 
no means, dear madame. I 
write the leading ankle every day, 

I in x short time, too. for I have 
the peculiarity OJ DOI writing well 
when I write slowly. This done. 1 
look over the other articles for the 
paper. As I am responsible for them, 
I do not accept them till they arc 
■carefully KSUBIDCd This is my 
whole task — apparently an easy one, 
tedious Old difficult in reality." 

•• Yes; 1 see \ou have a great deal 
to do at the office; but why do you 
• continue to work at home ?" 

"Two motives oblige me to study 
—to increase my knowledge, and pre- 
vent ennui. Ha. i from I 
mere apothecary's clerk to be the 



chief editor of an imports!): 
I have to apply myself to keep a| 
with my new profession, 
ist must be imprudent or dish 
whe .-; any subject on 

he has not sufficient informa 
And think of the multitude of q 
connected with politics, politi 
iniiiy, legislation, literature, 
religion itself which I have in 
to treat of! In the Paris newspa[ 
each editor writes on the subjects 
understands the best. The work 
thus divided, to the great advantage 
of the paper and its editors. Here, 
I alone am often responsible 
everything. Nevertheless, the care 
of my health, as well as my indolence, 
would induce me to rest a few hours 
a day ; but where shall I pass tin 
—At the cafe ? I go there sometimes 
to extend my knowledge of human 
nature; but one cannot go there 
much without being in danger 
contracting injurious habits. — With 
my fi I have none, and am 

in no hurry to make any. The choice 
of a friend is such a serious thing! 
One cannot be too cautious about 
it." 

"Come and sec us," said my mo- 
ther, with her habitual cordiality. 
'•When you have nowhere else to 
go, and your mind is weary, come up 
and pass an hour in the with 

your neighbors." 

Victor came, at first occasionally, 
then every day. Only a kw weeks 
elapsed before I felt that I loved I 
His companionship was so delight- 
ful; he had so much del 
things; he was so frank, so devoted 
to all that is beautiful anil good! 
Did he love me in return ? No one 
could have told, for he was as timid 
as a young girl. 

But this timidity was surmounted 
m hen my feast-day arrived. He came 
in blushing with extreme embarrass- 
ment — poor dear friend 1 I can still 



Madame Agnes. 



83 



set bra — holding a bouquet in his 
hud, which he concealed behind 
1, while with tl»e other he pr« 
my mother with an open paper. 
took it, glanced at it. and, after 
reading m few wor<' 

it this is not addressed to me. 
Here. Agnes, these stanzas arc for you, 
■y child I And I see a bouquet ! " 

r presented it to me in an 
■{Mated manner. I myself was so 
roefssed that I longed to -run away 
to hide my embarrassment. I con- 
cealed it as well as I could behind 
the sheet on which the stanzas were 
•linen, and read them in a low tone. 
They gracefully thanked my mother 
fcr all hcT kindness to him, and ended 
Wh some wishes for me — 
•ere ardent and touching. In a 
•reraulous tone I expressed my grati- 
wle with a which was quite 

ktmral. Our embarrassment was 
of long continuance. It soon 
and we spent the 
in delightful conversation, 
would have thought we had al- 



ways lived together, and formed but 
one family. . 

The next morning, when I returned 
log my kSHODS, what was my 
astonishment to find Victor with my 
mother I 

" Here she is to decide the ques- 
tion," exclaimed the latter joyfully. 
" M. Victor loves you, and wishes to 
know if you will be his wife." 

:. - must I be 
separated from you ? " 

" Less than ever," cried Vic 

My delightful dream was realized! 
I vaa to be united to the man I 
loved with all my heart — whom I 
esteemed without any alloy 1 And 
this without being obliged to sepa- 
rate from her of whom I was the sole 
reliance. 

I extended my hand to Victor, ami 
Hun myself into my mother's arms, 
thanking her as well as I could, but 
in accents broken by tears. . . . 

A month after, we were married, 
and happy— as happy, I believe, as 
people can be here below. 



<n.\rrER iv. 



IAIi rtBff.NTlMKXTS. 



Tmxc*»o«th began a life so sweet 
■ I am unable to describe it. 
and 1 lived in the most de- 
harmony. Our love for each 
increased ilaily. We had but 
heart and one soul. Our very 
noes accorded. 

Oh ! how charming and happy is 
ftc wedded life of two ( souls ! 

West mutual tj How they 

irme each loughtt ! How 

readily they make the concessions at 
toes so necessary, for the best 
aanched people in this world do not 
always agree ' A life more 
1 as cannot lie imaj 

Victor in the 
nag a pan of the 



afternoon, looking at him from ti 
to time, saying a few words, or 
tcning as he read what he had just 
compose- id he first tried 

the effect of his on me. 

How happy I was when he thus 
gave me the first taste of one of his 
spirited articles, in which he 
cd his principles with an ardor of 
conviction and a v 
impressed even those who were 
:ical. 
Before dinner we went to walk to- 
gether. 1 ]>crsuaded Victor to de- 
vote a part of each day to phys. 
exercise as well as mental repose. 
Our conversation always gave a 
fresh charm to t: 1 And 

n did not talk much, buX we 



84 



Madame Agnes. 



infused our whole souls into a word 
or two, or a smile. How often I 
dreamed of heaven during those de- 
licious hours ! It is thus, I said to 
myself, the angels above hold com- 
munion with each other. They have 
no need of words to make themselves 

mdcMoodi 

Among the pleasant features of 
that period, I must not forget that 
of Victor's success. Before he was 
appointed editor, the poor paper 
vegetated. There were but few sub- 
scribers. No one spoke of the ob- 
scure sheet which timidly defended 
sound principles and true doctrines. 
What a sad figure it made in the 
presence of its contemporary. The 
Independent — a shameless, arrogant 

journal wftii h boasted of despising 
all religious belief, and scoffed at the 
honest people foolish enough to read 

it! 

carcely been thief 
editor of this despised paper three 
months before there was a decide d 
change. K very day added to the 
list of subscribers. The Catholic 
yifurnal was .spoken of on all sides. 
The sceptical, even, discussed it. As 
to The Independent, it was forced to 
descend into the arena. In spite of 
itself, it bad to engage in conflict 

Dsi ci 1 1 advert ilcUled in 

irony as in logic. I acknowledge I 
was proud of Victor's success, and, 
what was more, it made BH happy. 
i i a long time, young as 1 was, I 
had groaned at sciv iKi inter- 

ests so poorly defended. They were 
now as ably sustained as I could 
and by the man whom I loved 
All my withe* were surpassed ! 

No ■ there is no perfect 

happiness in this world. Even those 

iul years were not exempt from 

sorrow. God granted me twice, with 

an interval of two years, the long- 

bed-forjoy of being a mother, but 

each time Providence only allowed 



its continuance a few months. 
first child, a boy, died at the end 
six months. The second, a daughi 
was taken from roe before it w 
year old. You arc young, my fr 
and cannot understand how affl 
ing such loiscs are. A ninth 
heart, I assure you, is broken w 
she sees her child taken from 
however young it may be. My 
band himself was greatly dt 
when our little boy was carried 
after an illness of only a few h< 
But his grief was still more profound 
when our little girl died. Dear ch 
though only nine months old, her 
face was full of intelligence, her eyes 
were expressive, and she had a won- 
derful way of making herself under- 
stood. She passed quietly away, 
softly moaning, and gating at us with 
affection. Her father held her in 
his arms the whole time of her long 
agony. It seemed as if he thus 
hoped to retain her. She, too, was 
sad, I am sure. She seemed to 
know we were in grief, and to leave 
us with regret, Her sweet face only 
resumed its joyful expression after 
her soul had taken flight for heaven ; 
then a celestial happiness beamed 
from her features consecrated by 
death. Victor stood gazing at her 
a long time as she lay on the bed 
with a crucifix in her innocent hands. 
1 1 it lips murmured a prayer in a low 
tone. It seemed to me he was ad- 
dressing our angel child — begging 
her to pray that God would spct 
call him to dwell for ever with her 
in his blissful presence. The thought 
made me shudder. It seemed 
I had at that moment an interior re- 
relation. I knew that was Victor's 
prayer, and 1 had a presentiment it 
would be heard. 

From that day, though we bid a 
thousand reasons to consider our- 
selves happy, we were no longer 
light-hearted as we once had been. 



Afadame Agrtts. 



«5 



There was a something that «■ 
tovnr pi us anxious, 

nil etnpeucmed all our joys. Lift 
iisl'aclory, and we drew 
I to God. Wc were constantly 
waking of him and the angel who 



had flown from us, and wc often ap- 
proached the .■•tits together. 
It was thus that God was secretly 
preparing Victor to return to i 
and me to endure so terrible a 
blow. 



CHAP1ER V. 



■jii:t> ASVU-LT. 



:aan was ever more fund of 
domestic life than Victor. The hap- 
\aai hours of the day were those wc 
al spent together — he, my mother, 

. and myself— 
pied in some useful work, but often 
flopping to exchange a few 1 
It was with rcgrc: Victor sooi 

ich hours to mingle witii 
tie world. He refused all invita- 
tions to dinners, soirees, and balls as 
as possible, but be could not 
ys do so. He had taken the 
place— a place quite exceptional 
dism, ai>d it was im- 
[oaild- fu; him to decline all the 
advances made i im B< a ks, he 
■abed, as was natural to one of his 
Estion, to ascertain for himself 
>in»on on tlie question of 
I cannot tell you how dull the 
gs seemed when he was away, 
anxious 1 was troed. 

rac something dreadful 
ca profession. In vain he resolved 
id personaliii were 

«6en discovered when none had been 
■tended. If he was I yable 

ts he had 
aurkc himself, and confined 

■■nrli fence of jusii* 

and religion, he found these 
tirre ,. .shad furious oppo- 

nents. Whoever defended (h 

c ene- 
mies of all good. This is what hap- 
pened to Vi. i t i heir secret hatred 

1 ■ 
Uue rraptirui.' 

readier <•: 



worthy in every respect of his repu- 
tation 1 > preach at the cathe- 
dral idvent This man, as 
eloquent as he was good, attached 
the vices of the day with all the ardor 
of an apostle. Many of the young 
men of the place who went to hear 
ban were infuriated at the boldness 
of his zeal. Some supjioscd them- 
selves to be meant in the portraits he 
1 manner so 
iblc and with such sinking 
as to make his hearers 
tremble. Al the close of one of these 
sermons, there was some disturb 
IB the body of the church. Threats 
were uttered aloud, and women 
treated with insult. Victor, indig- 
nant at such conduct, had t 
age to rebuke the corrupt young men 
of the place. Never had he been 
more happily inspired, and never had 
he produced such au effect. The 
ankle was everywhere read. It gave 
offence, and we awaited the co 
ices. 
The next day Victor receive 
•.lion to a large hall given by a 
wealthy banker. The invitation 
prised him, fur he knew the bflj 
was a liberal ■ 

Ood and i:s defenders. 
I b>.: me the invi- 

tation politely. I 1 nly 

•text to offer bim tone *ii< 
He gently reassure! DM by saying 
that, though M. Beauvais u 

be had the reputation of being an 
honorable man. M I am glad," added 
he, '• to become acq wttk 



86 




Madame Agnts. 



those who frequent the banker's salon. 
I shall probably find more than one 
Christian among them," as, in fact, 
often happened 

i the night came. Victor went 
anay, leaving me quite uneasy, in 
spite of all hb efforts to reassure me. 
I made him promise to return at an 
early hour. 1 was beginning to be 

■11 at 
onrc there was a sound of hasty foot- 
s. I sprang to the door— I 
ope;; MS he. As soon as he 

entered the room, I noticed he was 
extremely pale. He vainly endeav- 
ored to appear calm, but could not 
conceal the that < 

powered ' 

I cried, "something has 
happened!" 

I not much. Sou 
tried to frighten 

- Are ;. OB wounded ?" 

v did not wish to take 

my lift." 

" I conjure you to tell me frankly 
wh:.- d " 

II, here are ih I had 

left M. Bcauvais' house, where I was 
itely received, and had gone two 
streets, when I observed three 
walking swiftly after me on the 
Place. ned well dressed, 

Ions. I 
turned into the little Rue St. Augus- 
tine I illy lighted in the 

letert- 
ed." 
" How imprudent 
"That is true. I did wrong. I 
Had ijonc a fa 

before the three men «. 

1 one of 
•opped to ascertain what they 



wished. The same voice continued 
in these terms : ' How much do 
those cab/tins give you to defend 
them r 

" • I have only one word to say in 
reply to your insulting question— I 
defend my own principles, above all 
because I cherish them in the depths 
of my soul.' So saying, I sought to 
keep on my way. 

" One of them detained me. ' Be- 
fore going any further," said he who 
seemed to be the spokesman, 'sweat 
never to abuse the young men of this 
town agai 

'• ' 1 attack no one individu 

•i I. ' Am I forbidden to dk> 
I my nun cause because it is not 
yours? — Hut this is no time or place 
inch an interview. It should be 
at my office and by daylight Come 
to see me to-morrow, I an* 

swer your questions.' 

•• The three men were so wrapped 
up in their bcniouses and large com- 
forters that I could not tell who they 
were. I thought it time to disen- 
gage from the the 

one that held mc. I made a violent 
effort. In the struggle, my cloak fefl 
off. As I stooped to ] . I le- 

ccv. I blows. I then called 

for assistance. Sevi ithe 

hborhood opened. The three 

:ithe 

whole, ii' irm has been clone." 

e frame trembled during 

thh account When it was end' 

became somewhat calmer, and, pas- 

throwing my arms 3rf^H 

i begged him to promise me 

: to go out again in the 

evening. He did so willingly. 



CHAPrr.R vi. 

VICTOR AT . 



next mon 
■ i id not feel any el: 



had occurred. He therefore went 
to the office as usual, and wrote 



Madame Agnts. 



37 



iptrficd article, in which he made 
taoan and energetically stigmatised 
the base proceedings of those who 
hid attacked him. The article at- 
tracted particular attention, and gave 
3» the pica : ictioo of rcaliz- 

bj to what a deg it had won 

tie good-will of upright men. On 
> llicy caruc that very day to 
express ignalion at the vio- 

lence used against him. . . . 

We should neither overestimate 
ox decry i. lure. Th« 

certainly a multitude of base men 
■ca low natures and vile inv 

rn among those who arc the 
fataes; the truth there are 

Bee souls that liave preserved accr- 
taaa up. and hearu of a cer- 

taa elevation for whom wc cannot 
adp feeling mingled admiration and 

That same evening Victor com- 

of not being well, but kept 

■»as nothing serious. With- 

asking his cod tent for a 

rho examined him. > 
was ledge he 

had been chilled the night U 
He wa» very warm when he left M. 
lis* house, and, to counteract 
ene< ~een north wind, he 

off swiftly, and »js in - 

.(ion when overtaken by 
asoailaDt*. Stopped in the mid- 
dle - is exposed to 

which wis 
coarse injurious. What was still 
war- oak fell off. and it was 

rral minutes before he recovered 

I was seized with terror at h 
these details. It seemed as if my 
poor husband had just pronounced 
tr-i own death-warrant. At the same 
lime a horrible feeling sprang i 
neait, soch as I had never e 

•re. I was frantic with 
: hatred against those who 
, cause of this fatal chill. I 



begged, I implored Victor and the 
physician to promise to take imme- 
diate steps for their discovery, that 
no time might be lost in bringing 
them to justice in order to receive 
the penalty they deserved. 

"Agnes," said Victor mildly — 
"Agnes, your affection for me i 
leads you. I no longer recognize 

ood Agnes." 
But I gave no heed to what he 
said, and was only diverted from my 
haired by the care I was obliged to 
bestow on him. In twenty-four 
hours my poor husband's illness had 
increased to such a degree that I lost 
all hope. Poor \ -.uttered 

terribly, and I added to his suffer- 
ings instead of alleviating them I I 
loved him too much, or rather with 
too human an >. I talk 

him with my alternate outbursts of 
despair and anger. 

i G without you !" I would ex- 
claim — " that is impossible ! Oh : the 

Eten who have killed you, if they 
could only die in your stead ! But 
they shall be punished I up 

to infamy as they deserve! If there 
is no one else in the world to ferret 
them out, I will do it ray 

fits of excitement caused 
Yi :tur SO much sorrow that the very 
remembrance of them tills me with 
the keenest remorse — a remorse I 
have reason to feel. His confe- 
the physician, my mother, and he 
Wlf tried i:i vain 10 me. 

One told me how far from I 
my conduct was, and another that 1 

.ved-my husband o( what he 

■se, I would 

not listen to them. I was beside 

■If. 
One evening I was sitting alone 
beside the bed of my poor sick one, 
and was abandoning myself anew to 

unreasonable anger, when Victor 
look my hand in his. and said, in a 
tone that went to my very heart : 



88 



Madame Agnes. 



"Agnes, I fed very weak. Per- 
haps I have not long to live. I beg 
you — I conjure you — to spare me the 
cruel sorrow of having my last hours 
embittered by a want of resignation 
I was far from expecting of you t 
Of all my sufferings, this is the great- 
est — and certainly that to which I 
can resign myself the least. What ! 
I iv dear Agnes, do you, at the very 
moment of my leaving you. lay aside 
the most precious title you have in 
my eyes— that of a Christian woman, 
a woman of piety and fortitude — 
which transcends all Others ? . . . 
What I are you unable to submit to 
the vi ill of God ! Because his de- 
signs do not accord with your views, 
you dare say that God no longer 
loves you — that he is cruel ! . . . 
My dear, do you set up your judg- 
ment against that of God? Do you 
refuse him the sacrifice of my life 
and of your enmity ? . . . Doe* not 
my life belong to him? . . . And 

is BO! yiHir cMM.il;. :.:n ? . . . 

Did tiicy who have reduced me tn 
this condition intend doing me such 
injury? ... I think not. Could 
they have done rnc the least harm if 
God had not permitted them ? . . . 
No matter at what moment the fetal 
blow falls on us, no matter whence 
it COO**, it only strikes us at the 
time and in the manner permitted by 
God. — Agnes, kneel here beside me, 
and repeat the words I am about 10 
utter. Repeat them with your lips 
and with your whole heart, whatever 
it may cost you. It is my wish. It 

is essential for your own peace of 

iiiiiul, .... bine. Agues, 

my dear love, we have prayed ;i 
thousand times together and with 



hearts so truly united ' 
seemcill, perhaps dying . . - <'Jn 
refuse me the supreme Joy of 
more uniting my soul with yours 
fore God in the same prayer 

1 bum into tears, and obeyed. 

" Q my God I" he cried, " wl 
ever thou doest is well done, 
thing can tempt me to doubt 
goodness. Is not thy loving-ki 
ness often the greatest when it 
disguised the most? ... I firmly 
lieve so, ami 1 forgive all tin 
have tried to injure me. 1 pray thee 
to convert them. As for me, I beg 
thee, O my God. to deal with me as 
thou judgest most for thy glory and 
lor my good." 

if uttered these words with so 
much fervor and emotion that 1 was 
stirred to the depths of my soul. A 
complete change took place within 
me which 1 Attributed to my dear 
husband's prayers. My eyes, hitherto 
tearless, now overflowed. My an- 
ger all at once disappeared. A pro- 
round sadness alone remained, min- 
gled with resignation. . . . 

Victor's life continued in danger 
some days longer. Then — oh ! what 
happiness! — when I had made the 
sacrifice and bowed submissively to 
the divine will, the physii ian all at 
once revived my hopes. To com- 
prehend the joy with which my heart 
overflowed at hearing that perhaps 
my husband might be restored to 
life, you must, like me, paw through 
long hours of bitterness in which yon 
repeat, with your eyes fastened on 
your loved one : " A few hours, and 
I shall behold him no more I" 

A week alter, l.ouis was convales- 
cent. 



uuptur vn. 

A FKOVIDKM'IAL I 



1 01 M»d I then entered upon a are but (cw instances. I felt .. 
singular life of which I think there the first that his convalescence 



Madame Agnes. 



89 



tceptxre. aud the physician secretly 
U him so. We both felt that God 
bwed o* to pass a few more months 
pnher. but no longer. The disease 
is checked, but it still hung about 
dear onr. It assumed a new 
la, and changed into a slow 
]f that wis suicly accomplishing 
work. As frequently hap]>eas in 
A compl.T tor was but par- 

By cured of inflammation of the 
i^v, and now became consumptive. 
\ great {Met says that no language, 
■ever perfect, can express all die 
tagbta, all the emotions, that spring 
in the soul.* This is true. I 
re often felt it, and now realize it 
-a ever. Ten months claps- 
between Victor's amelioration and 
death — months memorable for 
kat surTenng, but which have left 
many delightful, though melan- 
in, remembrances. 1 wisl 
•art diese recollections to you. I 
tdly dare attempt it, so conscious 
1 of my inability to do them jus- 
How, indeed, could I depict the 
■nger than ound 

Otend, Spared in SO IUV 
ped-for a manner, though bu: for 
period — so brief tliat 1 could 
count the hours? How 
you understand how elevated, 
Oman, consoliii, I sor- 

were our conversations ? 
net Victor said to me : 
how merciful the good ( 
be could have recalled me 
hsntv nt still leaves 

1 with you a few m 
! how heartily I desire to pi 
this time in order to prepare for 
Mth, though I fear it not I I do 



I mUch rt anil Jivine in Uw U«; of 

.nt ci wc«il« to 

It- qlM (1SH H u>inj 

tn, ■ mm nd l» 

: . «/« tanlu-l number ol 

I trf mm •* • ne*'i» of c^aimuu'cuim 
l^airlcK, />//.- 



not wish to spend one of these last 
hours in vain. I I 
good in my power, and love you bet- 
ter and better as the bless. 
heaven. Oh I how sweet it will be 
to enter upon that perfect love 
above, which wc have I and 

had a foretaste of, here below — what 
do I say ? — a thousand times sweeter, 
more perfect. Its enjoyment will be 
without any alloy of fear or sadness, 
for in loving, wc shall have a right to 
say: ' It is for ever!' " 

But of all the thoughts that occu- 
pied Victor's mind at that period, 
that which was most constantly in 
his heart he expressed i:i these sim- 
ple but signific a nt words 1 to do all 
the good possible 1 Penetrated with 
t!ii:= desire, he resumed his duties at 
the yisurnal office as soon U he was 
able. His takoM had developed 
under the influence of suik-ring. 
Every one remarked it. But contro- 
lled him, and he was not 
able to go out every day. He was, 
therefore, provided with an assistant 
—a young man of ability, to whom he 
could transfer most of the labor. He 
took pleasure in training him for the 
work, saying to himself: "He will 
be my successor. I shall still live in 
him, and have some part in the good 
he will do." 

A part of the day, therefore, re- 
mained unoccupu-ii. lie employed 
Lout-, in writing Bt small work — 
a simple, tou< I ik, which was 

published a short tunc before his 
Mill doing, to my know- 
ledge, much y, g the people. 

'training his successor and pub- 
•g a useful book wot two good 
acts he took pleasure in, but, so great 
was his ardor for benefiting others, 
they did not suffice. He earn- 
estly longed for some new opportun- 
ity of testifying to God how desirous 
king a holy use of the 
List mom 
he added, u 1 aeknowle work 



9° 



Madame Agues. 






is perhaps presumptuous. It is ask- 
ing a special grace from God of 
which I am not worthy." But God 
granted him this longed-for opportu- 
nity of devoting himself to his glory, 
and lie embraced it with a heroism 
that won universal admiration. 

Spring returned, and we fell into 
the habit of going from time to time 
to pass a day in the country with 
Jeanne, my old nurse. Jeanne was 
one of those friends of a lower con- 
dition whom wc often lore the most. 
There is no jealousy in such a friend* 
ship to disturb the complete union 
of soul. It is mingled with a sweet 
sense of protection on one side, and 
of gratitude on the other — which is 
still sweeter. 

We went there in the morning, 
walked around awhile, then break- 
fasted and resumed our walk. 
Jeanne lived at St Saturnin, six kilo- 
metres from town. It is a charming 
place, as you are aware. Near the 
vdlage (lows a stream bordered by 
Ian and willows dial overshadow 
the deep but limpid waters. One 
morning wc were walking in the 
broad meadow beneath the shade of 
G trees, when suddenly we saw a 
young man on the opposite shore, 
not ax rods off, throw himself into 
the stream. Victor still retained a 
part of his natural vigor, liel'ore I 
thought of preventing him, he 
sprang forward, and, seeing that the 
man who had precipitated himself 
into the Witter did not rise to the sur- 
face, jumped into the river, swam 
around some time, and finally sue 
ended i ig the Btrongec to 

shore. 1 was wild with anxiety and 
grief. Without allowing him to stop 
to attend to the person he had res- 
cued, I forced him to return to 
Jeanne's in order to change his cloth- 
ing. He- gave orders for some one 
to hasten to the assistance of the 



poor man for whom he had so 
ageously exposed his life. Several 
j*rsons hastily left their work, ami in 
a short time returned with the man 
who had tried to drown himself. 
He was still agitated, but had recov- 
ered the complete use of his facul- 
ties. At the sight of my bus!} ind in 
the garb of a peasant, he at on 
prehended to whom he owed his ti 
He was seized with a strange tremor; 
he staggered, and seemed on the 
point r made every 

effort to bring him i and 

length succeeded. As soon as 
young gentleman, who was clad 
uncommon elegance, recovered 
strength and setf-po iic I 

ray husband's hand and ki 
with a respect that excited stra 
suspicions in my mind. \ 
pcarcd to know him, but 1 

remember ever having seen 

fore. Why had he thrown hir 
into the river? To drown hir 
of course. . . . Why, then, did he t« 
so much gratitude and respect 
one who had hindered him from 
ccuting his project ? . . . 

lie requested, in a faint, supplu 
ing time, to be left alone with 
tor. The rest of us withdrew 
the garden. At our return, Vie 

pered to me : " This gentlea 
Louu Betuvaia, the banker's okl 
son. He himself will relate his 
tory to you after our return home." 

The carriage was not to come 
us till four o'clock. We the 
passed several hours together 
Jeanne's. Victor devoted himself | 
Louis with an attention ih.u toucfc 
me inexpressibly. As to I 
son could not have shown more 
m to the best of fathers than 

to 'W.Mr. 

The hour of out departure car 

last. We entered the carriage, 
were all three at home in half an he 



til »t CllxriMlSD. 



Home Education. 



9« 



HOME EDUCATION. 




: and basis 
Kicty, so docs it contain, as in a 
|ccosn>, all the questions, prob- 
|, and ties Uial agitate the 

B w<: rriage is fir>t in iiu- 

Sncc within the family and in 
a* representing the principle 
on ; education comes next, 
eprescoting the principle of dc- 
pcaent. Given a new and pcr- 
koctcty, made up of individual 
whoie union should be 

dory, and whose mo- 
unts, and actions absolutely 
tw is it to be p 
this desirable state ? If 
Ction of marriage were not 
nscepjent perfection of 
the new society, for a mo- 
lt raised up above former stand- 
of app c goodness, 

lime of half a gene- 
be reduced lower th.-..-i any 

. . 
.1 understood dial education 
to be the one cry of all 
representing with some 
result of their 
others merely their am- 
makc a stir in the politi- 
istians look to it as 
»g men (or hea\ > 
I to it as fashioning the 

atheists the 

J, and make tii ■■ the 

die appearance 
devil 
a* a tool, or recoils from it 
a thundci-bott ; but to no 
being can it be a mati< 

r not propose to go int.> that 
question of public education 





which, once within the scope of the 
and bee to face with estab- 
lished national stdy 

sets both hcmisjili.. ferment; 

I that preliminary and 
more vital training whose sOeot 
power show* itself every day in the 
homes of thousands, neutralizing on 
the one hand good examples and 
wholesome teaching, and on the 
other often redeeming from utter 
badness its halfcorrupted subjei '.. 
And lust taking the literal a 
of the word education, i.e. to lead 
or out of (t-duco), we must remark 
that as education is coeval with the 
dawn of ■■ un- 

it begins in the cradle, and 
goes on hand in hand with life to die 
grave. All experience, good or bad, 
is education, not only the lessons 
taught in school-hours, the lectures 
given in classes, halls, and i 
not alone tlic books wc read 
the examinations we undergo, but, 

ttcally, the pit 
frequent, the people we meet, lite 

> mines we go through, 
work we perform, Even prospi 

though seldom in the 

high. . but it is chiefly in the 

lower walks of fortune that the more 
important part of this rj 
hourly education is imparted. Pot 
this reason specially, and in view of 
■ in which a chance word 
■ ! in the street or a sti 
to some place or person may be- 
nd paramount 
gravity, should home education in 
the Christian sense of the word be 
encouraged to the utmost. M 

rly should this be the 
in pon-Catholk countries. We i 



no outward atmosphere of religion to 
trust to: no Crosses to re- 

of the sufferings which our 
sins cawed our Blessed Saviour; no 
simple shrines to bid us remember to 
pray for our invisible brethren in 
purgatory; no street processions to 
bring vividly before our minds tli.it 
our King is more than an earthly 
lord, and our Mother more than an 
earthly parent. 

Wc do not breathe Catholicity in 
our daily life, and there is therefore the 
greater need of our drinking it in 
with our mother's milk. This In- 
sensible and gradual instilling of re- 
ligion into our infant minds is the 
essence of Christian •• home educa- 
tion." First among all the influen- 
ces that go towards it is example. 
This extends over every detail of the 
household, and can be and should be 
kept in view in the poorest as well as 
the most comfortable home. In 
the latter, certainly, the duty 
more stringent, the incenti. 
performance lying so near at hand 
that it requires an absolutely guilty 
carelessness to neglect them. In the 
former, though a thousand excuses 
might be made for the neglect of this 
paramount duty, it should still be 
remembered that God's grace is all- 
powcrful, and never fails those who 
seek to do his will. Parents sorely 
tried during a day of toil and anxiety 
arc often found more loving and for- 
bearing towards their helpless chil- 
dren than others who, with no trouble 
on their minds, yet delegare the "tire- 

le " office of nurse to a hired at; 
ant ; and although it is certainly to be 
deplored that in so many cases the 
children of the poor should be no- 
thing but little men and women al- 
ready weighed down by cares that 
ought to belong only to a later age, 
still it may be questioned whether 
even this is not a lesser evil in the 
long run than that other sort of neg- 



lect which makes the chiidr 
rich, for the most part, only t 
things of their parents. 
The poor, on the contrary 
vtity may make their 
drudges, yet have in thei 

is, while too often 
more fortunate neighbors 
count only as the ornament 
house. So that even out 
comes gOOd, and God 
consolations in the path of 
: i go fa to soften the mi: 
their inevitable lot. We say 
ble, not as denying the immi 
explored possibilities of al 

this lot which remain in th 
of future philanthropists, bu 

ng in our Lord's prophec 

poor you have always wit 

which blessed promise we co 

vouchsafed in mercy tc 

OH our way to heaven. 

We d that the duty 

nple is incumbent upo 
parent, rich or poor. But I 
those broad examples whic 
hardly fail to strike even 
such as abstaining from n 
brawls, from excesses of bug 
of self-indulgence — in plan 
from swearing and drinking- 
manifest dishonesty; there 
tier things than these, and wl 
duce indeed greater effect 
child spectator. Gross v 
often that redeeming phase 
its own antidote by disgusti 
who i ome in daily ■ 01 
The principle on which t 
tans cdtii iren 

pcrance by exhibiting befc 
the drunken helots was ( 
cruel its application on the p 
their unhappy prisoners) a 
mate proof of practical 
That which does not carry 
antidote with it is more to 1 
in the education of a child, 
of irritability between bust 



Home Education. 



93 



Hmkawiess on the part of 

i eturnag cordially into the 

I Bale interests ; an exhibition 

1 ota absurd trifles or of 

in small questions of 

tell gravely up 

Observation and 

childhood's natural 

cry logical and 

judg. 

old-fashioned code of 

(hated " rhild used to be 

questions; we arc not 

code was faultlessly 

tuner perhaps under a 

jvaicti form of a very 

just now, and may be 

t onpardonably — to wish 

of the good old times 

As usual, the middle 

the most rational as 

i: were in 

to stop the violent stray- 

I pendulum from one 

i other, we * ould glad- 

i>art in die work. 

ore in the more unhced- 
abnormal occurrences of 
the greatest force of 
i and that harm or goad 
recall. ( 
that daily unobtru- 
in rough homes 
up for what outward 
may be lacking, and in 
households alone 
I of true worth upon such 
as there is, is the 
of a perfect example, 
spirit should extend to 
: relation, covering the 
of contingencies which 
such grave proportions 
T* memory. Your deport- 
• poor, if you arc rich your- 
ir&luablc force of ex- 
itiencc with which you 
of the deli- 

implied in an attentive 
the gracefulness of your 



alms, and the wise hut ; iim- 

ination of your questioning, all have 
M untold effect upon the little trotter 
by your side, hardly old enough 
to reason however dimly, but 
enough to bear away a mudcJch im- 
pression of the scene. On the other 
band, think of the responsibility in- 
curred by a rude or callous reception ; 
a sneering or lofty air of caution 
against what you think may be an 
imposture; above all, perhaps, a >: 
less alms given to be ii<l of a dis- 
agreeable importunity, and a half-ex- 
prcssion of relief when the intcrrur 
tion is happily over! The child 
your side beat! away this inn 
quite as surely, and in after-year 
uses its imitative powers quite as 
i!i) , as if the impression bad been 
one of mercy and kindness ; and a 
very few scenes of this sort arc 
i <li to mould for a child a certain 
standard of bebi 

Among the domestic relations, 
none is more likely to strike a child's 
eye than that between master | 
servant. Here also dangerou 
seeds of future hearllcssness may be 
easily sown by the example of a rare- 
less or haughty parent. Considerate 
thought fur the proper comforts of 
those whose toil ensures your it 
is one «jf the foremost ; du- 

de*, A child is naturally tyrannical, 
and this disposition, if fostered by 
an injudicious mother, may lead to 
a shameless persecution of the 1 
persons to whose cue children arc 
most oftcu left. This, in turn, will 
encourage tyranny on the nurae'l 
part, and engender a system of mu- 
tual deceit; the child and the servant 
trying to circumvent each other in 
carryiDf tales, and then sheltering 
themselves by lies from the conse- 
quences of having carried them. 
Now. .-ill thin b t" the last degree in- 
jurious to the future character of the 
child ; it withers the principle of hon- 



94 



Homr Education. 



or ; it kills all manliness and straight- 
ing, ami sows the seeds 
of those two inseparable vices, cruel- 
ty and cowardice. In after-life, when 
the despairing mother sees her dar- 
ling sink below himself, and earn the 
unenviable names of bully and sneak, 
can she blame him for shattering the 
ideal she blindly worshipped in his 
person ? Not so, for with justice can 
she look back on her own folly, and 
with bitterness cry out, " ft was my 
fault." 

Very difFerent is the other and 
the good example shown by so many 
holy and conscientious women in 
their relations with their households. 
Considcratcncss and forbearance in 
all things arc not incompatible with 
firmness in some. A sense of your 
own dignity, were it nothing higher, 
will dictate a kind bearing towards 
those in humbler station ; for to those 
who never obtrude their superiority 
a double homage will ever be accord- 
ed. A child can exercise on its at- 
tendants some of the noblest virtues 
of manhood ; the household is a little 
world, a preparatory stage on which 
to rehearse in miniature the opportu- 
nities of after-life. Pleasure given to 
some, a little gift or a gracious 
speech vouchsafed to others ; conso- 
lation afforded to one in grief, atten- 
tion shown to one in sickness; .mi I, 
■.e all, a mindfulness of not mak- 
ing the yoke of servitude too gall- 
ing by restricting the natural and 
proper diversions of those whom God 
has destined to bear it — such arc a 
few of the lessons a child should 
learn, not in words alone, but in the 
manner of its parents and the uncon- 
scious radiating of an habitual ex- 
ample. 

Another class of [nfluen 
which a child will nccenar3y ' 
is tliat of social relati- i . I r the 
most part, children arc made too 
much of a show. They arc taught 



—or allowed — certain little 
nerisms which, at their age, n 
cd charming, but, if looked at t 
light of common sense, are sim 
absurd as they are forward, 
on, when they begin to use 
reason, they arc often listcm 
frivolous or scandalous corners; 
in which they pick up, if not a 
knowledge of vice, certainly a 
love of gossip. Now, all this 
plorable from a Christian poi 
view. In a really Christian he 
a home such as we aspire to 
least in every Catholic famil) 
case would be very dtfl 
tertainments and fetes would 
ciously " few and far bctw- 
in its mother's visitors the chil 
see only fresh objects of its 
ehaii table tact. If anything 
charity were said, the hostess 
gently check the convcrsatio 
by palliating the fault aliu 
suggesting a better motive ti 
apparent one concerning any 
implicated, or turning the 
tion skilfully to some less dan| 
topic. Those formal visits, ms 
kill time or otherwise uselessly, 
hare no part in her clay's progn 
and with ever charitable but fi 
meanor would she effectually 
the frequent demands thus 
upon her time by others. The 

quick of perception, as ai 

children are, would be unco 
moulded to habits of ord> 
discriminating hospitality, and 
soon learn to do something 
in every social pastime which 
timately enjoyed. 

This brings us to the su' 
order, an important virtue 
Christian home. Edit 
given in a desultory 

xt to useless, and some 
strict apportioning of tim 
M to our study hours the 
some monotony is cs-: 



training of youth. I 
win at I I a very arbt- 

r decwon. but. when « 

■ find that it 
I the umc re!-! the future 

a fife as the study of the ela 
«" mathematics to the intellectual 
- rvowkdgc of the Greek and 
I poets oral or:, and historians 
•■■ little influence on 
practical and ultimate result of a 
education ; but the effect of 
: has on the mind, and 
I tone it imperceptibly 
to thought, manners, and con- 
arc benefits simply incal- 
So with mathematics. A 
have any aptitude for 
cier.ee. and may never hope to 
proficient in it ; still, the habit 
i application, the facility of concen- 
trating and commanding his thoughts, 
rluch is the natural result of the 
rJeae study demanded by the exact 
scie n ces, arc tilings whose influence 
so his future career cannot be rated 
too high may no: unlikely 

ensure temporal success, and, in these 
day* of feverish con.; this 

argument should not be overlooked. 
Sail, it is from a higher motive that 
wc say the same of habits of order 
i is regularity, which, 
so doubt, may be tedious, just as 
saathernatks may be dry, is 
on the general impressions of child- 
hood, am!, were it only for its own 
sake be looked upon as a 

seal of likeness to the works of God, 
vhich cannot tail to hallow the fam- 
ily • said that the 
tamdy u the world in miniature, and 
as the principle of order was the 
presiding attribute in creation, so 
ought we in our ; to take 
- a means of creating more and 
toot' ire and more upportu- 
service of God. " Be 
perfect, even as your heavenly Fa- 
ther is i*rfo 



In the education given by the con- 
stant example of the parent', 

re important than family prayer, 
or, at least, prayer said at the mo- 
ther's knee In the most solemn of 
duties, it is not fitting that parent 
and rhild should be separated. If 
Jesus lias said that lib Father can 
refuse nothing to " two or three ga- 
tktnd together in Ins name," how 
i more invincible must be the 
I prayer of those who are linked 
by such close and sacred ties, those 
who present to him a faint shadow 
of his own humble home at Naza- 
reth ! Think you that Jesus in his 
kingdom forgets the simple hearth 
where his Mother taught him, accord- 
ing to the development of his human 
nature, those formula of prayer and 
thanksgiving which he himself, in his 
divine nature, had taught to the Jew- 
ish lawgivers? Does he forget the 
rites of circumciMoii and presenta- 
tion, the offerings and ransom paid 
for him according to the law, the 
visit to the temple at Jerusalem ? 
He has shown us in his obedience to 
th«c religious observances his wish 
that wc should imitate his outward 
devotion and submission to the 
church. Family worship is dear to 
him in remembrance of his own 
■ !, and as it is one of the 
most solemn, so it is also one of the 
sweetest duties of the Christian pa- 
rent. It tends to give the child a 
proper spirit of faith, and simple reli- 
ance, in that it sees its earthly parent, 
to whom it looks up for everything 
and considers as the final arbiter of 
its small world, prostrate before a 
higher Fatherhood, and taking to- 
wards the divine Omnipotence the 
Vett attitude of a submissive and 
expectant child, 

Next to prayer itself, pious re 
cannot fail to demand don 

H the second gnat spiritual hel| 
the routine of home ed litis 



tealten. 



should be simple and well suited to 
the understanding of young children, 
and, above all, should not be a dry 
and barren formality, but should be 
explained and amplified by the mo- 
ther's comments. How, unless ques- 
tions arc frcdy allowed — nay, en- 
couraged — can the extent of the im- 
pression made by spiritual reading 
be measured f Then, what an inex- 
haustible resource does not this read- 
ing or its equivalent — descriptions by 
word of mouth — nfford to a thought- 
ful parent ! The beautiful narratives 
of the Old Testament, the ttorii 
the four gospels, the many striking 

lent* in the lives of the sa 
the legends of the faithful middle 
ages, the histories of the contempo- 
raneous manifestations of God's mer- 
cy, all offer mines of wealth to a 
skilful narrator. If, instead of goblin 
tales more fit for the entertainment 
of rational people than for the staple 
of a child's too credulous medita- 
tions, these holy histories became the 
nursery rhymes of the future genera- 
tion, it would be well indeed for the 

cual advance of our age. If 
among the romances of n 
times more of those were rhoscn in 
which religion figures than of those 
where fairy ami elf appear, it would 
be a better promise for the future 
health, moral and physical, of our 
people. Who knows how much of 
that nervousness which is the charac- 
teristic disease of our day is due to 
those unwholesome terrors of infancy, 

.■ threats of bogy and ogre, with 
nhich children are frightened into 
silence or lulled into noeasy bleep I 
1 !ic child who would be, in a manner, 
the companion of the boy Jesus, of 
the child Precursor, the infant Samuel, 
the Holy Innocents, the children of 
whom our l.ord I Her them 

10 cooie unto me, and forbid them 
not," and of the many boy and girl 
saints — S. Rose of Vitcrbo, & Aloy- 



sius Gontaga, v 

would be a far healthier and ro 
manly subject than the menl 
panion of deformed sprites and forest 
goblins. The young mind is so im- 
mable that it is the greatest 
possibi to let i: 

eiae of reason spend itself on unreali- 
ties; they are apt to take on an in- 
fluence not readily shaken off. . 
cumber the ground long after room] 
is needed for more serious gn 
of thought. This may seem 
cqitional mode of "proceed. 
haps an ecceotric one, ih 
having for so many ages held s 
but we take leave to think tfa 
reason, expediency, and religion 
its side. 

To this great duly of ex: 
which ramifies itself as often as 
are distinct classes of influence, 

ed the duty of vigilant e. PI 
need not only the knowledge of what 
10 impart, but the instinct of what 10 
hers over a citadel, 
they have to guard against the 
rd inroads of the enemy, and care- 
fully to sift their children's surround- 
ings, whether social or domestic, lest 
any taint should lurk in the associa- 
tion. We have read some w here in a 
l)Ook of devotion that those who 
carry great treasures in a frail vessel 
naturally take the gr as to 

lit and speed ; they look, well 
lo see if the road is level, or to avoid 
its irregularities it it is not ; ihey take 
heed to keep their eyes and mind in- 
teni on what they bear, so as to 
bring it safe to its destination, 
so docs the mother carTy in her hands 
the priceless treasure of a human 
soul, and her solicitude for its perfect 
preservation from all taint or attack 
should be little less than that of the 
child's Guardian Angel him* 
»s we have just hinted, she should 
choose with such scrupulous care 
even the companions of his fan 



Home Education. 



97 



■such the mace should this jud 
osaoahip be extended to the real 
I— yiiiions of his studies or recrea- 
te**. Perhaps the influence of 
tAi&h association is even greater 
4to the mother's own. and what the 
r may hare laboriously sown 
upro moment by the 

■ contact with each other, 
-a powder and spark brought togeth- 
er; lj" each had been kept until the 
r^ri moment, and applied in the 
n^«t way, we might have hud an 
ssssiinat.on : as it is. we have a con- 
fapauoo. As childhood merges 
ou youth, the choice of a school 
lri»g» this question of companion- 
Up ir.i inence. In a public 

! not possible to admit 
Ircn who come, well-taught 
docile:- 1 reproach* 

homes ; the \ cry aim and end of 
: j lion would th us be frustrated, 
parents, once 
dmitted, to choose abso- 
; its many school- 
Hows, shall be 

e done in that way by 
II. guid- 
ance tails far short of absolute choice. 
It is therefore :!'.at the great- 

.-•uid he taken to choose the 
^ich in itself shall have the 
est influence m moulding the cha- 
r of its lad thcrcliy in 

tassbrtMig into n : 

i r those very children 

. f.'.-ra ftkas, must needs be 

CTerydayacquaii But the in- 

•acrvre of home does not cease with 

- day at school. Letters from 

-jew. breathing the old atmosphere, 

•i3 catty the child back, week by 

ol they 

will bring 

fajii- lefascinatii 

id occasional visiii from 
m>|>anionsof his catly childhood 
WBplcic the charm. Thusaninn- 
—7 



nite amount of good, or a correspond- 
ing amount of hann, may yet be done 
after the home education period has, 
strictly speaking, passed away. 

And here m, the best place 

to touch upon the holy influence which 
an elderbrother or sister may 
on a younger one. This, one of the 
most ]>owcrful means of good, is < 
second to that of the parents them- 
Mlvi y futnish a very be • 

ful illustration of true and discerning 
brotherly love. It is spiritual friend- 
ship en grafted upon the stock of natu- 
ral affection, itself a noble virtue and 
most sweet tie, which has often, even 
in heathen times, produced great ef- 
fects. Under this figure of brother- 
hood God has typi:i 
creatures ; he made himself our Bro- 
ther through the incarnation; and 
everywhere brotherhood is synony- 
deareSt and purest fel- 
lowship. Our brothers and sisters in 
the flesh, especially if they arc young- 
er than ourselves, arc as much our 
care and charge as they arc of our pa- 
rents ; and of this we have a striking 
instance in the very firs', book of the 

launch, and only a few years 
after the sinless creation of Adam. 
Cain's defiant plea, •' Am I pay 
trier's keeper?" failed I with 

is endorsement, but brought in- 
stead the terrible answer that he 
should be "a fugitive and a vaga- 
bond upon the earth." In the daily 
com] > of brotherhood, this 

scene is ofteu re-enacted ; souls are 

i by their own kindred, and the 

and passes blindly on. 

,li a mark upon the 

murderer by which the devils know 

! kill him not, because I 
know too well whose road he is even 
now treading, and that in the 
day his mark shall be revealed to all. 
Here is the dark side of that con- 
tinuous education which is as potent- 
ly at work in dens of sliarac and 



gS 



Home Education. 



places of pleasant danger as it is in 
Christian home* and schools. Here 
is that nefarious education which neu- 
tralizes or obliterates the happy past, 

leads our young men by tOtti 
paths of gradual vice to the end of 
many such deceptive panoramas — the 

.v$ or suicide. 
False example, insidious prompt- 
ings, rash indulgences, iotaxicatiDg 
freedom, wily friendship ■through 
these and many kindred forms, subtle 

be ami proportionately dangcr- 
ievil, in the person of your 
brother or your seeming friend, leads 
you on till the murder of Abel is 
repeated, and the insolent excuse 
Hung back to heaven: "Am I my 
brother's keeper?" 

The system of rewards and punish- 
ments has much to do with the mo- 
ral training of youth. Willi regard to 
, we may itarlle our readers by 
bco:< lews so different from 

those time-honored ones that pretend 
to find their sanction to the biblical 
rule, " Sparc the rod, and spoil the 
child," as to seem heretical to good 
old-fashioned, jog-trot parents.* But 
what if the Scripture itself were to 
fail them ? What authority have they 
for understanding "the tod "In its 
literal instead r.uive sense? 

The rod vat, with the Hebrews, an 
emblem of power : witness the mira- 
cles of Aaron in Egypt, and the blos- 
soming of his rod whir rcrne 
called in question by 
the rebellion of Core. -The rod" 

therefore very plausibly be taken 
as meaning parental autho: 
the text would thus imply nothing 
more than a declaration that tl»c 
tnsmtuoi the parent will be responsi- 
ble for the wrong-headedness of the 

• II h< wliVutt »ip«t«oc* In Ike man - 
*f*«M<u * ck.Mrro. w. mm tm Mill 
• toMtibutui In u* p mi ml bufalnont of ik« 
'.*** >*• •«n*tv, k-ivnivi iiim\ «« m»t 



child. In this sense we pre. 
read this passage, and for this rca 

ical punishments and rcwa 
will be indissolubly associated 
young child's mind with his goo 
bad actions, just as they are couj 
in i he memory and instinct of a > 
v>i:h the various desirable or undc 
able thtngs ii has been taught or 
bidden to do. This produces a 
and degrading standard by wli 
moral actions arc henceforward n 
sured by the child, and later on 
lead to the impression that the 
sence of such tangible conscquc 
argues the right to do as he please 
respective of merely moral i 
whereas, if the rewards and put 
menu meted out to him are of 
moral and intellectual order, his i 
ception of the principle of duty 
be abstract and independent. Chi 
hood has a natural leaning towa 
deception; therefore truth sti 
made not only prominent, but . 
ive. To own a fault, and even to i 
fess it unasked, should be an 
stood palliation of the fault itsu 
whereas any attempt at con* 
should be treated as a far graver 
fence than the action concealed, 
a word, the principle of Christian i 
or should be live key-note of he 
education, and any raeannci 
be condemned as the most cont 
ible of all faults. Sensitive as 
dren arc to the slightest alteration 
manner in their regard, they * 
feel keenly the silence and avoic 
which this plan presupposes in 
parents' conduct towards them L 
» dishonorable action, . 
lociating the idea of »v 
that oiJugnue, would very soon 
brought to a truer estimate of i 
than if wrong with them was 
,l,e ' of fain. Again, 

tern of physical punishment in\_ 

up a 
of contradiction and sullcnr 



Home Education. 



I •ixi gradually encrusts the young 
a»i "uh ilsc deplorable proof-ar- 
| asr of oitiio:.i: We 

ted fire bat one example — a per- 
■sal one— of Uie immense superiority 
If soral orer physical punishment. 
iU, we were stubborn and 
■if-irilled. and were frequently treat- 
not exactly to corporal u 
to threadbare schoolroom d 
for overcoming temper. Two or 
times it happened that, these 
it means proving 3s inefficient 
water oo a duck's bark," fatherly 
ty had to be invoked. It 
lys took one form— silence. For 
there would be none of the 
familiarities between father 
old, but, instead, a cessation of 
pleasant and indulgent inter- 
, ami now and then a grave 
i as the culprit. 

make some spasmodic and 
lopftiring advance. This was the 
art!» punishment which made the 
sightest impression, and the keen 
remembrance of it lasts to this day. 
Sometime*, when we were older, 
seedier variety was tried. 
of b ig to the old code, 

•urred on bread and water in a dark 
dos*-. e seated alone at a la- 

the rest of the family ate 
together as usual ; every dish was 
ceremoniously brought up anil set 
ir solitary meal, and every 
rant in the house was perfectly an 
«f the cause ; no one spoke or offcr- 
td u* the ntion beyond the 

nrdtoary formalities, and we v. 
treated half like a dixtinguh! 
oner, half like an excommunicated 
person. The s admirable, 

prompt in the extreme, and cer- 
tain to ensure udly long term 
of subsequent docS 

Rewards arc important 

::OW- 

edge Lous o; • 

thanks, i 2, form the st; 



They arc thus invested with a pcr- 
I to the child; they 
come before him as things, spec I 
concerning his own good bch.v 
and his jjarents' appreciation of it. 
For instance, the mother t< 
Scripture stories and the legends of 
the Mints; he listens with absorption, 
and longs to read the book him- 
self, but the road through the alpha- 
bet and spelling-book is uninviting. 
Why not teach him through die 
book itself? The illuminated capi- 
tals will strike him by their beauty, 
the pictures will lend force to the dif- 
ficult words, and help i li ry to 
connect them with the illustrated 
subject. Instead of finding church 
services an irksome interruption to 
his games, he might be made to look 
upon them as the highest rewards he 

: :. do i a ■ welMearnt let 

lie might be taught to 
chant one of those immortal poi 
the Psalms ; for proficiency in 
Bible history, he might be I 
some of the most picturesque ol 
Our solemn ceremonies, and hear, 
on : : of the typical manner 

in which it i fed with that 

history; for an act of childish self- 
denial, he might be allowed to > 
as acolyte at Mass. Even these re- 
wards, however, should not be inju- 
dietoudy multiple arity 

would beget irreverence, — the v. 
stumbling-block that could be laid in 
a child's spiritual path. We tfa 
that a Christian i in the 

early days of child no 

further in perfection than this — the 
thorough identification of all happi- 
ness nth religion. 

We have yet to speak of ■ 
in household economy, a oiol 

of interest, b one of i 

Personal attention to a child is a 

part of the mother's duty of vigi- 

e, and the fashionable custom of 

leaving such attention to domestics 



Home Education. 



cannot be reprobated too strongly. 
This personal care is, fust of all, an 
instinct of nature which it must re- 
quire at very thick coating of frivolity 
entirely to supersede ; and it is, sec- 
ondly, a duty of religion from which 
even great physical sickness cannot 
.dentiously release the parent. 
N umbcrless evils flow from a neglect 
of this imperious duty. The for- 
saken child will learn in time to for- 
get its mother, to think of her as a 
splendid being very far from him— 
one not to be annoyed by his cries 
or made nervous by his romps, but 
to be gazed at from afar, like a grand 
picture or work of art. Happy . 
if an affectionate, compassionate 
nurse takes the vacant place of his 
own mother, and makes him familiar 
with those sweet, nameless trivialities 
that make up the world of a child's 
heart ; but, even so, how sad the 
necessity for such comfort) How 
much more sad, then, the position of 
the unloved child, neglected even by 
its nurse, or left to the well-meaning 
hie petting of the other 
servants ! They will not be reticent, 
though they may be obsequious, and 
the future character of their charge 
will be warped beyond remedy. 
Pride, too, will be ridiculously fos- 
tered, and will drive tenderness 
.away ; a certain recklessness will be 
infused into the child's habits, and 
reverence, refinement, sensitiveness, 
will be petrified within him. lie 
will feel himself <>f no value, since no 
QM cares for him, and, if no happy 
influence stops his downward course, 
lie will be a cynic before he is tv 
ty-five. 

We have said so much in this 

• i. and made so much of the 

Dj ride ol the question, thai we 

i 'i to peak :i little a 

• in.. 

••■, but— lii 
iy (tl i tt< 



often is. We know that, | 
to Father Fabcr's beautiful exr 

' '.has many F.dcns in Uii 
and surely among our Ck 
homes many deserve this name. 

There ate those in which the 
ther is not absorbed in business i 
the mother by fashion, where the | 
vanu arc happy and attached me 
bers of the family, where 
prayer and cheerful work altc 
with each other in order, where 
creation does not degenerate into i 
nor work conduce to mor 
Healthy exercise and early 
keep the doctor from the door, wh 
constant industry repulses the 
vcrbial visitor who always ' 
mischief for idle hands to do." 
father is the genial companion of i 
children, and does not lose their i 
spect by gaining their 
the mother is the guardian spirit 
ouscbold, the wise woman of l 
Proverbs, " whose children rose 
and called her blessed ; her husba 
and he praised her." Towards 
other the husband and wife bcha 
as they would before the angels 
God, because they remember 
he who scandaluelh " a little 
is accursed, and that the angel 
"the little one," who is there 
linually beside him and in some I 
represents him in heaven, '•bchc 
the face of the Lord." The chile 
arc submissive, not through fear, 
through nwn and love : for the 
knowlcdgcd superiority of their clc 
has a rational force with them, 
they think tbemselres honored 

Bg those who arc 
they. They have Jesus of N« 
ever before their eyes — the Boy wl 
as he grew in years, " waxei 
in wisdom and grace," and 
though he was God, " went don 
• 
life, peaceful, orderly, 
gious, the life of the cloister 




ltd ssto the borne, is in itself cduca- 
«k '.-. influence is not con- 

teed to space or time, but will live 
Litis of the scattered family 
lanragh sou: inhood to ex 

ctne old age. In fancy, they nil! be 
aVie to reconstruct that home; in 
«,t- long after its dearest in- 

Batea shall have left it for their hca- 
«nljr home, long after its material 
same shall have passed away to other, 
perhaps to careless, hands. In their 
ss renting places, whether a new 
the daughter of that shrine, 
only a rock just above the level 
sf the sea of fortune, the hallowed 
fesftembrance will come back to them 
ted wth hope ami strength for 
6k future Even in heaven, the Son 
.•jd is called Jesus of Naairtth, 
and can xce forget the home and 
tie mother that made us what we 
are? 

la all that pertains to this ideal, 
abhoagh man is bound to subserve it 
to the utmost, woman is more 
solemnly pledged to its fulfilment. 
Man has the world for his empire : 
■o wia o has man— during the years of 
in pupilage. The mother's education 
is ti second birth, am! she 

;ig mother to die body ot 
:. neglects that more laborious 
training winch accompanies its moral 
development, practically refuses to 
be t i of its soul. To a wo- 

man railing in her home duties is at- 
ed more reproach than to a neg- 
lectful hushind and father, because 
office is the more sacred, he: 
the nearer to God. It was a 
who was glorified by the 
raculously close union with 
erse has ever seen, 
and by that standard alone should 
in hood and motherhood be 
Judged. If it falls short of a faint 
Mary the mother of Jesus, it 
it condemned, for the state that has 
been the most divinely exalted should 



tor 

evor'tift'er remain the most humanly 
'. 

;>oral importance of 
home educator, though • 
to its spiritual aspect, cannot be over- 
looked. Besides the duty of tin 
gel — training souls for heaven — wo- 
man has the duty of the cbjafen, />. 

ing patriots for the state. M 
out faith there is no love of com 
in the highest sense; without disci- 
pline, no love of law. It is woman's 
task to mould the men who, in the 
future, will mould the nation. High 
or low it matters not: the mother 
of the statesman and the mother of 
the laborer work a] rds their 

country's glory. The state needs hi 
as well as heads, and the mason who 
cuts the common stones has as nr 
part and should have as much pride 
.-.- completed building as the ar.iM 
who carves the wonderful pinnacles or 
fashions the marvellous capitals. 

We have spoken perhaps too ex- 
clusively of the duties and circum- 
stances of the higher classes in 
matter of home education. IVrliaps 
it is not altogether unprovidential 
that we should have been led to do 
so ; for of the various division* of hu- 
manity which our Ix>rd in his parable 
of the sower represents under the 
figure of the different accidents that 
befell the good seed, we know which 
is, unhappily, the least productive. 
Jesus himself has explained that the 
thorns which choked the seed arc the 
"carr-:, and riches, and pie.' 
this life." Mark well, tin- cares ; not 
only the riches and , for 

those self-sought and profitless cares 
have not the blessings on them which 
the God-given cares of poverty hi 
poor and lowly too often si- 
their more fortunate brethren by | 
greater self-devotion and generosity. 
Their homes, so much less prosper- 
ous, are yet often so much more 
fying, than ours: and let it bercmem- 



102 



Hotnc 'Rfiucation. 



bcrcd that every act of thcjij-tta'i, ac- 
cording to the measure of<Jitfi>.ift(> 
opportunities, doublo/thV.ifierit of any 
similar act of oinjt.'."-So with the 
wholesome rejticeflM'which becomes 
us who ha*-e "so many opportunities 
and ntfj+irjkvii : we have preferred to 
toul>hc beam that is in our own 
cjej"«tncr than pharisaically to cx- 
. -rutia'tc on the mote that is in our 
.'• neighbors. Yet we would not that 
any class should deem itself exempt 
from the duties of home education — 
du: .villi the poor, have all 

the added merit of absolute heroism. 
The poor are told, and doubtless 
truly, by our teachers and superiors, 
that their condition should be dear 
to them because it was that of our 
Lord himself; but we, their brethren 
and fellow-pilgrims, should labor to 
supplement this teaching by making 
that very condition lew irksome to 
them. '•' dram of Jesus on 

earth as not being poor and desti- 
tute ? But, on the other hand, who 
would dare, were he now on earth, 
to be behindhand in ministering to 
his poverty ? Now, the alms we owt 
10 his earthly representatives are two- 
fold, is. spiritual and temporal. 
Among the former, none arc so meri- 
torious as good examples. Have we 
not in these days a perpetual and 
mo ..|ue picture of class 

of tawdrincss following 
close on the heels of fashion, of as- 
piring vanity actually crowding out 
the legitimate needs of the bodjf ? 
1: tii:. system of imitation must be, 
why not give it a worthy subject to 
practiie upon? 

Reform, to be practical, must begin 
in the higher strata of society ; for not 

»ooly to individuals, but also, in a 
wider sense, to classes, is the keeper- 



ship of brotherhood entrusted. 
art our " brother's keeper," and 
"brother" is the mass of men wt 
look up to us for guidance. As lc 
as our fathers and husbands > 
more for their office than their h<: 
so long will the bulk of the nation 
mere animated machines snatchi 
after precarious wealth; as long 
our wives and mothers care a 
the drawing-room than for the nt 
scry and study, so long will the ma 
of women be heartless coquettes 
abandoned harlots. Wespi 
ly, because we feel strongly. 
an age of initial struggle, wh 
faith should turn into an era of 1 
things. If we need any "new 
parture," let it be the departure 
frivolity to domesticity 
tcmptible weakness to the inanlin 
of the Gospel. And here let us : 
one word to the head of the farui! 
Bo Um without whose exam; 
the moiln ; tee is incomple 

Business is wt the whole of I 
m*i/ even the first earthly good to 1 
sought for. Success often kills hap 
ness, and its exclusive pursuit alt 
kills peace. The father who alii 
PMJBCW to isolate himfrom all the I 
derer interests of his home achie 
two things : he alienates his c 
affection— aftcihaving very likely i 
out his wife's devotion —and he tea 
es them betimes the baneful le 
that before rjttaei ini 

ests must bow. This false doctrine 
his children will teach to theirs by 
example equally gloomy with 
own, and thus God will be i> 
in the very gifts which one word i 
his mouth could turn in a moment I 
dust and ashes. 

Shall this be so, or will Christ 
parents take heed to their duty ? 



The Picture of the Riviere Quelle. 



'03 



THE PICTURE OF THE RIVIERE QUELLE. 



\DIAV LEC.END. 



Won TM« riKKCU or M. l'adm CASGfcAW. 



I, 7KK MISSIONARY. 

tCADEK, have you ever been in 
tie o!'i church of the Riviere Out 
In ooe of its side-chapels is an ex- 
n* which was placed there many 
long years ago by a stranger who 
vis miraculously pp from 

death. It is a very old picture, full 
of dost, and of no artistic value, but 
alls a touching story ; I learned 

■ hen scry n my mother's 

knee remained as fresh 

and vivid in my memory as when I 
fid heat 

It was a cold winter evening, long, 
ho? I snow was beating 

against the « the 

cy north wind howled and shrieked 
among the naked branches of the 
prat elms in the garden. The 
•bole family had assembled in the 
wi'«. Our mother, alter pi 
several ; 1 her 

fingers to wander over the 

keys — her thoughts were elsewhere. 
A shade of sadness passed over her 
brow. - My dear children," said 
she, after a moment's silence, 
what a fearful night this is; perhaps 
many poor people will perish before 
morning and hunger, 

thankful we ought to be to 
• good food and warm, 
comfortable beds! Let us say our 
rosary for the poor travellers who 
may be exposed to such dangers dur- 
the nigh' then she add- 

ed, " If >ou say it wi'.'n devotion, I 
will tell yon ill a beautiful story." 



Oh ' how wc wished, that our i> 
finished ! At that age the in: 
nation b so vivid and the wul mim- 
ic. ChOdho esses 
all the charms of the golden dawl 
life; enveloping every object in shade 
tad mystery, it rlothes each in a poet- 
ry unknown to any other age. 

red around our mother, 
near the glowing stove, which 
fused a delicious warmth through* 
the apartment, and listened m ■ 
gious sort of silence to her sweet 
tender voice. 1 almost think I hear it 
now. Listen with me to her story : 

Toward the middle of ti 
tury. a missionary, accompanied by 
several Indians, ascended the south 
bank of the St. Lawrence K 
about thirty leagues below Quebec 

:v "..i. rme of those 

intrepid | roneeri of faith and civil- 
sublime figures are 
thrown out from flic dark back- 
ground hi' the past, surrounded by 

a halo of 'fciory and itv.ii. 
Nailed on Golgotha during the i 
of their bloody pHgrimage, 
shine to-day on a new Tabor; and 
the light (iiates from their 

faces illuminates the present and 
throws itself far into the future. At 
their names alone, the peopl 
with wonder and respect, bow low 
r heads ; for these names recall a 
a age most superhuman, a faith 
most admirable, and a devotcdness 
most sublime. He whom we arc fbl 
loving at this moment was one of 
those illustrious children of the Socic- 



IC4 



Tht Picture of 



t Out/If. 



ty of Jesus, whose entire life was 
com to the conversion of the 

ravages of Canada. He was not 
very tall, and stooped slightly; lib 
beard, blanched prematurely by hard- 
ships, and his pale and attenuated 
features, seemed to indicate ■ want 
of strength and endurance for so hard 
a life ; but this frail body concealed 
one of those grand souls which draw 
from the energy of their will an in- 
exhaustible strength. His large, ex- 
pansive forehead suggested a propor- 
tioii.it'.- intellect, Ukd his features 
wore an expression of incomparable 
sweetness and simplicity; the L 
lhade of a melancholy smile played 
hit lips— in a word, his whole 
fact . with that myste- 

rious glory with which sanctity illu- 
mines her predestined souls. 

leader of the little band was a 
few steps in advance. He was an 
old Indian « time 

before had been converted to Chris- 
tianity by this holy missionary, and 
who goo that tunc became the faith- 
il his adventurous 

KAW. til 

The travellers advanced slowly on 
their raijutUts * over a soft, thick 

It MU one of those sup 
December nights whose marvellous 
odor is entirely unknown to the 
people of the South, with which die 
old year embellishes its waning hours 
to greet the advent of the new-conn -r. 
Innumerable stars poured their light 
liver tears over the blue lirma- 
:: of heaven— wc might 
tears of joy which the glory of the 
Sua of Justice draws from the eyes 
of the blessed. The moon, ascend- 
ing through the different constella- 
tions, amused itself by contemplating 
in ti mirror its resplendent 

disk. Toward the north, luminous 
shafts radiate.! from a dark iluad 



h floated along the borfi 
The aurora borcalU announces 
self first by pale, whitish jets of fl. 
which slowly lick the surface of 
sky ; but IC grows 

animated, the colors deepen, 
light grows larger, forming a 
around an opaque cloud. It as- 
sumes the most bizarre forms, hi 
turn appear long skeins of white silk, 
an -plumes, or bundles of 
gold and silver thread ; then a troop 
of white phantoms in trans 
robes execute a fantastic dance. 
Now it is a rich satin fan whose 
summit touches the zenith, and 

th rose 
ron tints 
immense organ, with pearl and 
pipes, which only awaits a c« 

n to intone the sublime ho- 
•anna of nature to the Creator. The 

crackling sound whi 
companies this brilliant pi 
completes the illusion; for it ii 
strangely like the sighs which es- 
cape from an organ pes an 
filled with a powerful wind, It is 

elude of the divine concert 
whu h mortal ccrs arc not 
to listen to. The scene which pre- 
sented itself below was not U 
cinating in its savage beauty than 
that of the sky above. 

cold, dry atmosphere was not 
agitated by a single breath ; nothing 
was heard but'the dull monotonous 
roaring of ihc gigantic river, sleeping 
under a coverlet of floating ice, 
which dotted its dark waters like the 
Spotted skin of an im me: . 
A light white vapor rose lik 
breath from the nostrils of a marine 
monster. Toward the north, the 
blue crests of the I-aureotides were 
clearly defined, fruni Cape Tour- 
men tc to the mouth of the Sagucnay. 
In a southern direction the lav. 
of the Alleghanies stretched . 
covered with pines, firs, and maples; 



Tkt Pittnre of 



105 



entire shore was densely 
for a: the remote period 
Inch we describe those vast clear* 
S» along the banks covered with 
ibundant meadows were not to be 
n, nor the pretty little R 
ouscs grouped in villages along 
the shore »o coquetdshly, a peaon 
cnoii easily compare litem to bunds 
of swans sleeping oo the river- banks. 
A sea of fore: covered these shores. 
A few scattered houses appeared 
tot and there, but this was all. 

1 1 re a rr ARITIOX. 

iravellcrs advanced in siknee 
toward- die of the wood, when 

the leader of the 
■spped, making at the same I 
his hand for his con 
•Mi to do likewise. •' You arc mis- 
tomrade," said the mis*- 
, ** the noise that you have 
just heard was only a tree split by 

Indian turned slowly t> 
him. ao almost hnpereepi 

ice. •* My brother," 
•oil he, in a low voice. " if you saw 
aw lake your holy word,* and I 
rod in h, you would laugh at me. 
I do ni ii, for 

yoa are a black-gown ; but I tell you, 
you do not know the voices of the 
best, and the noise which we 
JM bean! is a human voice. Pol- 
brnc it a distance, while I go 
-•to see what vs happening yo: 
Ibe travellers walked on for some 

:hout seeing anything. The 
baser began to think lie had not been 
•Soared, when they came to an open- 
ag in the woods, and saw the Indian 
Hop. What was his astonishment, 
•ben, following the direction in 
•Meh the savage was looking, he 
««r at the extreme end of the open- 
*g a rery extraordinary light, ap- 



patently detached fron tiic obscurity 
the trees. In of this 

lum: ibe appeared a vague, 

ted above the 
ground. Then another spectacle 
that the brilliancy of the Strang 
sion had prevented him from seeing 
before, was presented to his gaxe. 

•oil in military 
tl the foot of 
.a tree. His hands v>crc clasped and 
his eyes turned towards hca\ en ; he 
seemed absorbed in the contempla- 
tion of a mysterious and 
object. Two corpses, which were 
easily recognized as an officer and a 
soldier from their uniforms, were 
lying by his side in the snow. The 
officer, an elderly man with 
hair, was lying against a map].. 

i little book) about to 
slip out of them. His head 
leaning on his tight shoulder 
face had that ashy hu 

iy told that death already 
claimed him. A bluish circle sur- 
led his half-closed eyes, and a 
last tear stood congealed on his 
livid cheek. A placid smile was on 
l>is face, indicating that a supreme 
hope, which faith alone could ins 
had consoled his last moments. • 

The noise made by the travellers' 
feet in the snow caused the young 
man, who was still on his knees, i i 
turn suddenly round. "O fati. 
my father T i ried ig toward 

the mij.i:onary, " it is Providence 
who has sent you ben to save me. 
I was about to share the terrible fate 
of my unfortunate companions, arisen 
—a prodigy ! — a miracle '." — suffoca- 
ted by his tears and sobs, he could 
no more, but, throwing himself 
iuto the arms of ibe mi be 

pressed him to his heart. 

Calm youi self, my dear son," said 
the old man ; " for in your feeble and 

■The *.!-»<« tpoton of !aib*b«ginninf of aur 
uury lepicienuikli! 



The Picture of the Riviere Quelle. 



cxhaustc ii violent emotion 

might prove fatal." Scarcely bad lie 
when he felt the 
young man's head sink heavily on 
bis shoulder, and hi somea 

dead weight — he had fainted. 

The travellers eagerly bestowed on 
him every cite that his situation re- 
quired and tn.it by in their power. 
Hn two friends, alxs ! were beyond 
reach of hum 

dog their graves in tltc snow, 
and the ssionary, after re- 

citing some prayers over their bodies, 
cut with his knife • B the 

bark of the maple at the foot of 
which they had breathed their last — 
a simple but sublime monument of 
hope and love, destined to guard 
their earthly remains. 

Bt— '"ME. 

See you yonder, on the slope of 
the hill, that pretty cottage, so neat 
and white, with its little thatched 
barn, so clearly denned against the 
rare [age of that beaul 

cojne of maples? Well, that is a 
Caoadiau home. From its high 
green pedestal it smiles at the great 
rolling river, in whose wave is mir- 
rored its trembling image, and which 
so gently comes to expire at Us feet ; 
fee : '.:-.: happy p roprietor <»f this 
pretty dwelling loves his great, beau- 
tiful river, and has been careful to 
establish his home on its banks. 
Sometimes, when necessity obliges 
:y. he is always hcunc- 
s'u '» .. must listen to its 

grand voice, and contemplate its 
wooded islands and distant shores; 
he must carcw with hit eyes its 
waters, some ines 

foaming and turbulent. ingot 

who i* nut t.miili.ir with the Atihtant 
of our country, and who imagines 
that there is an affinity to 1 
tor — the peasant of old France — is 
much mistaken. More enlightened, 



and, above all, more religious, h 
far from sharing his pn 
dition. The former is, in con 
a veritable prince ; perfectly ind 
dent on his sixty or eighty arpents 
of land, surrounded by a cedar en- 
closure, he is furnished with every- 
thing necessary for an hone 
r.ce. 

I-et us now peep under this roof, 
whose exterior is so attractive. I 
should like to sketch i Pre 

seen it so frequently. On 
the tambour, or pas- two 

pails •>:' Irish water, standing on a 
wooden I .la tin cup : 

ing against the wall, h> 
you to quench your thirst. In aa 
inner room the mother of ll 
is quietly spinning • window, 

while the soup is boiling on the 
stove. A calico cape, a blue 
of domestic manufacture, a eah 
neatly fixed on her head, completes 
her toilet. llic baby slcq 

die at her sidi 
time she smiles al its bright little 
face, as fresh as a rose, peeping out 
from the quilt, whose triangular 
patches of the brightest colors arc 
ingeniously distributed over it. In a 
COiner of the room the eldest d- 
ler sits on a 

while she works at her loom ; qu 
and skilfully the shutde flies between 
her hands ; she makes in a day seve- 
ral measures of cloth, which she will 
use next year to make into garments. 
In another comer stands the huge 
bed, with its white and blue counter- 
pane, and at its bead a en 

nded with pictures. That little 
branch of v, r above the 

cross is die blessed palm. Two or 
three barefooted little urchins are 
playing on the floor, harnessing up 
dog. The father, bending ever the 
stove, gravely lights his pipe wil 

!> won by the pcuantry. 



The Picture of the Riv&ire Quelle. 



107 



He is accoutred in a red 
cap, vest and pants of a 
material, and tough, heavy 
fter each meal he must 
x a smoke " before going 

or to thresh in the barn, 
is an air of thrift and comfort 
the house ; the voices of the 
the songs of the young 
her apinning-wheel accom- 
ic appearance of health 
ppiness written on their faces, 
{ the peace and serenity of 
. ex. 
if e»er, in travelling through this 
ou arc overtaken by a snow- 
or severe cold, go and knock 
it (car at the door of the Cana- 
or, and you will be re- 
ditu that warmth and cor- 
which their ancestors have 
in them as a souvenir 
Old Con 
antique French hoipitality. which 
scarcely be found now in ccr- 
-. of France, seems to have 
refuge under the roof of the 
kjtilanl. With his language 
refcgion, he has piously preserve*! 
old habits and cusl 
■ eUer who rested 
raof a century ago would to-day 
e same manners and charac- 
texnocs. 

It r» in the parish of the Ri 
Ooelle, in the bosom of one ol 
food Canadian famil c find 

spin oar missionary and his com- 
panions. All the family, eager to hear 
tie extraordinary adventures of the 
yowng officer, had 1 round 

Ban. He was a young man, from 
e years of age, 
wall t 1 ; his dark 

wary hair rtially 

thaded his high forehead, and his 
proud glance revealed the loyalty of 
tie French soldier; but an extreme 
pallor, consequent on the fatigue and 
privations he had undergone, had 



left a touch: n . ex- 

pression on his face, while hit 1 efio id 
and finished manners told of an 
equally finished and careful cduca- 

iv.— ni). nxnont . : 

'• More than a month ago," said 
the young officer, •' 1 Id ; itry 

of the by 

my father, a soldier, ami an Indian 

da We were 
porlant dispatches to the governor 
of the colony. We travelled along 
through the forest for several days 
out any accident, when, one 
v, uh fatigue, we 
lit ■ lire ami camped fur the night 
near an Indian cemetery. Actor 
to the custom of the g 
corpse was wrapped roud 

i)l I irk, and placed high 

above the ground on four Makes. 
Bows and arrows, tomahawks, and 
some cars of maize were hung 
against these rude graves, and shook 
and rattled as the wind passed over 
them. Out own savage was seated 
ju.st ill limit of tne, 00 the hall 

i uunk of a | had 

fallen to the ground, and seemed 
buried in profound on. 

I . • ;..: .' 1 threw a 

weird tight over his gigantic frame. 
An Indian might readily have 1 
5 and him to one of the superb maples 
of om forett, had he been able at 
have united with it 
the 1 of the serpent and the 

ty of the elk. His height was in- 
creased by a quantity ol black, red, 
and white feathers tied with his hair 
on the top of his head. 1 lis ferocious 
features, piercing black eyes, his 
tomahawk and long knife, half con- 
cealed by the trophy of scalps which 
hung from his belt, gave hiin a wild 
and sanguinary appearance, 
night was dark and bitter cold. The 
[its! arch formed bf the 



he Picture of the Riviere Quelle. 



interlacing branches of the trees, and 
illuminated by the flickering light of 
our pine-wood fire, seemed like a 
vast cavern, ami the old trunks of 
the rott< i -• buried 

in the mow, looked like the corpses 
of giants strewn around. The birches, 
red with their white bark, seemed 
wandering phantoms in 
Ibidtt of this d/Mt, and the dull 
abliflg of the distant torrent, and 
the wind moaning and whistling 
through the leafless branches, cont- 
d the weird funereal aspect of 
the plMd Any one slightly super- 
cilious cuuld easily believe he heard 
the sighing spirits of the Indian 
warriors who lay buried so near us. 
In spite of myself, a shiver of horror 
ran through my v Here, in the 

i nl all this grim rubbish, where 
every rock and tree war, trarafo 
ed by the shadows into as many 
spectres watching his movements, our 
ions savage appeared as grave 
and tranquil as if he had been in 
his own cabin. 

imradc,' said I to him, ' d<3 
you think we need fear any danger 
still from those Iroquois whose trail 
we discovered yesterday ? ' 

- • Has my brother already forgot- 
ten that we found it again this morn- 
ing?' 

" • But there were only two," said I. 

•' ' Yes ; but an Iroquois can very 
quickly communicate with his com- 
rades.' 

• • Bat these were not on the war- 
path ; they were hunting an elk." 

" • Yes j bat the snow is deep, and 
they could soon kill him without much 
te, and then — ' 

•• • V. 

" ' And then, their hunger once sa- 
tisfied—' 

"'Finish!' 

■ ' I say they might, perhaps, amuse 
themselves by hunting the white- 
skins.' 



" ' Hut the whites are at peace 
the Iroquois.' 

" • The Iroquois never b 
of the war-hatchet : and, besides, 
have raised the tomahawk again: 
is of my tribe, and if 
discover the track of an Ab 
among yours—' 

ink. then, that they 
pursue us? Perhaps it would 
to extinguish o 
loea not my brother heir 
howling of the wolves? If he 
fcrs being devoured by them to 
ceiving the arrow of an Iroq 
can extinguish it.' 

" The words of our guide were 
very reassuring, but 1 was so 
•• with fatigue that, in spite 
lent danger to which wc 
posed, I fell asleep. But my 
was filled with the wildest d 
The dark shadow of our guide, 
I saw as I went to sleep, scei 
lengthen and rise behind him, 
and threatening, like a spectre. 
dead in the cemetery, shaking 
snow from their shrouds "of bark, 
scended from Iheii ies, 

b>nt towards me. I fancied I heard 
the gritting of their teeth as the wind 
rushed through the trees and the dry 
brandies cracked and snapped. I 
awoke with a start. Our guide, lean- 
ing against a post of one of the graves, 
nil before me, and from bH 
heavy and regular bi knew 

that he slept profoundly. 1 : 
I saw just above him, pcepin. 
the grave against which he was lean- 
ing, a dark form and two fixed and 
flaming eyes. My hrtaginal 
excited by my fantastic dreams, 
thought I, and tried to compose 
myself to sleep again. I i 
long time with my eyes half - 
that state of semi-somnolence, half. 
watching, half slccpiri ipened 

faculties scarcely able t<> 
objects around. And yet the 



The Picture of //.-. t One lie. 



log 




I to move sfightly, and 
awl more towards our 
still id a deep 
■x-eni the fixe suddenly 
i op, and I saw distinct! 
fin Indian, lie held a long 
with 
I on his enemy, he 
tearer to assure him- 
t slept Then ■ 
up h eixmg bis 

it an instant in 
| a blow at tin? heart 
Die blade flashed in the fire- 

- same moment a n 
df oat, and the two savages 
together in the snow. The 
f the steel, in awak 
had also betrayed his e 
dt borrible nightmare termi- 
D a more horrible reality. I 

gun, but d 
•, lest 1 s'> or wound 

tie. It was a death-fight be- 
them. The aked 

nod, blew up around them like 
of dust. A hatchet glm 

en a dull, heavy sound, 

- 

Itoty '• A gurylinj; 

aped from the victim— it 

uh-raulc! Holding in 

• bloody scalp, the con- 

a » i himself 

it install t a shot was 

ball struck him in the 

I our savage, for it was he, 

Taking 

gun, and a lull 

had 

i aw another sha- 

Bg among the trees, was for 

rk of an instai i he ln- 

. de- 

: with his 

fell dead to the ground. 

Jy was finished ; our - 

J, but we ha. I no longer 

i on- 

' evening, and how his 



apprehensions of the two saw 
whom we had tracked : 

era so fearfully realized. 

i 'i ITU. 

without a gas 
the miiiv. of interminable forests, 
were in a state of extreme pi 
We hesitated a long time whether to 
proceed on our route or retrace our 
The danger of falling into the 
hands of the Iroquois, who 

pari of the country, decided us 
to continue our journey. 

1 l lie only means left of finding out 
way was a little compass which my 
r had fortunately brought along. 
Several days later found us Oil] 00 
our painful march, in the midst of a 
now-storm. It WSJ B Mil- 
table tempest j die snow fell 
and fast we could scarcely see two 

••In every direction wc heard the 
trees splitting and falling to the 
ground. We were in great danger 
hcd. My father ) 
k by a branch, which complete- 
ly but the snow, . 

we had gnat difficulty in extricating 
him. When we raised him up, be 
found that the chain around lii.i neck 
id the coi 

and the i ued, 

earched long (ally, but 

.in — it could not be found, In 
falling, my father received a sei 

j on the bead. W 
the worn i bled freely, I 

could not restrain my lean 01 
this old man, with his white I 
during intense suffering with so much 

fortitude, and displaying such calm- 
ness in the midst of an agony whi 
he tried to concc 
outward show of confidence ' M> 
son,' said he, 

'rcmemlxi that jrOB are a s I 
death comes, it will find us on the 
lull of honor. It is well to die a 



no 



The ftcture of the Riviere Quelle. 



thins hap- 
pens except by the will of God. Let us 
submit at nncc with courage and resig- 
nat: >-ver he pleases to u 

marcher «er in 

an intense cold, and then my father 
could go I t. The cold had 

.vnund in his head, 
a violent lever came on. To crown 
our misfortunes, our little store of 
mat' ip, and it 

was impossible 10 kindle a fire. 
i tee mdoned me, and, 

not ible to kill any 

game for the past ilay or two, we 
. been almost eat .out 

foe*! . ■: Of all my warn- 

ing and advice, the soldier who ac- 
companied us. exhausted by fatigue 

- ■ : -. 1 1 utterly discou i 
wen- -'a. and, when 

r, he Ml 
dead— frozen I >vcrcome by 

resaible grief, I re- 
mained oo my knees by the side of 
my i Several times he 

me to abandon him, and 
escape death. When b 

lid, hand' 
ing me ai ■■•» of Chris/ which 

he i read 

to mc.' 1 took the book, and opened 
t chance, reading between my 
sobs: ■ Make now friends near God, 
in order that, after leaving this life, 
they will receive you in the eternal 
tab ' -Conduct yourself on 

earth as a travel] stranger 

lias no i. the affairs of 

the world Keq heart free 

and raised toward God, because 
her. >u have no substantial 

dwe c You should address 

to heaven every day your prayers, 
yon id your tears, in order 

that, aft . your soul wiil be 

able to pass happily into the bosom 
of our Lord.' 




" I replaced the book in his 
A smile of immortal hope 
over his countenance, fe 
a r/sume" of his 
After a moment'* silence, he 
' My son, when I shall be no 
take this link gold cross 
hangs around my neck, and w 
was given to me by your m 
the day of your birth '—there w, 
moment's silence. A shade of 
passed over his 
and, taking my two hands in his, 
added, ' Your poor moi I 
you live to sec her again, tell h 
died thinking of God and of 

, making a supreme effort to i 
aside this painful thought, at * 
he feared hfi courage might fail 
he continued : ' Always wear 
cross in remembrance of your fai 
It will teach you to be faithful to 
God, and to your country, 
nearer, my son, that 1 ma; 
i q i i, . ■: that i un i ■■ 
with his faltering hand he i 
sign of the crass on cad 

At these words the young 
Large tears rolled 
lie pressed to his 
the little gold cross which hung 
least. Ail around him rem 
l to his noble 
hut their teats flowed with bis. Sor- 
row is so touching in youth ! We 
cannot sc 

Sowers whkh adorn it wither and 
fade away, 'line mi ras the 

first to break the silence. •' My son," 
said he, addressing the young man, 
tears arc legitimate, for the 
cherished being for whom you weep 
is worthy of them ; but do not weep 
as those who have no hope. He 
whom you have lost now en 
high the recompense pn 
life devoted to sacrinc- and di 

" But, oh I my father, if only you 
could have been with him to const 
his last moments!" 



I continued : " I 
athcr lb: time 

. cold forehead. 1 
invent he was dying, 
immov. 
• "Is heaven, when sudden- 
rom above, 
to make a vow 
\i joo succeed in escaping with 
Hfe.)ou will place a pici 
EstLoch which you reach on the 
►' I promised to do as be dc- 
• moments after, a few 
tad incoherent words escaped 
. all was o 



P 



for lot 1 on my 

K father's corpse I 

II. 1 was so utterly ovcr- 
I and sorrow that I 
I hargy 
soul insensible 
■-. Death, the loocl 
t t-rr : no longer; 

li in my heart, where 
Srt a time before all was bright 
joji>3- I ■• >ns — 

e seen 
l-.-af. In be swept away by 
storm . iness, the 

geb of the heart who 
my sou. 
bad all de- 
drooping 

itbing remained 
'riblc not 

st in 

Stashed; the: 
l. Rc- 

. :ike, 1 

with '-operation 

I behold, suddi 

.'lace within 





toe? I i mii:i!t words are inadequate 
to ui. I 

cannot explain, human ears cannot 
comprehend — yes, suddenly, in the 

: of my dnrkness, my soul tr. 

bled, and a something seemed to 

pass through me like U 9US 

wind, and carried over 

the troubled water rapid as 

the lightning th the 

storm-do-.. I appeared in the 

in this chaos-— a dazzling, 

human li I the tempest 

appeased witl a won* 

drou>. .nil 

remote recess i 1 a de- 

licious tranquillity and peace, but 

such a i> .iiqiasses all com- 

prehi ^cd 

eye) i was 

re me. O mj I • I tell 

what happened then ? Would it not be 
profane to we. 
of your pov. 
extraord 

pcmatural. was l:i... und 

terror, that every mortal should feel 
at the approach Dl ine Being 

Mixed me. Like Moses, my soul 

1 will go and ! 
$CC this Rrand vision*; and my . 
opened, and I saw — it was not a 
dream — it w. ty, ■ miracle, 

from the right hand ol" the U 
High. No 5 ihe eye ol man 
never seen, nor his ear heard, •.. 
permitted that I should sec 
hear then. In th loud 

of da Q -ecu ol" heav- 

en appeal i her arms the 

divine Child. The ineflabk splei 
that enveloped her form was BO 
liant thai the sun is 

on!) Mr; but this briltia 

cil it delieiously. < 
id her crown, the colors of the rain- 
bow tinged her robes, while under 



112 



The Pieturc of t!u Riviere Quelle. 



her feet were clouds which reflected 
the color* of aurora and the MA 
their golden i\ 
ads of angels were smiling 
and singing hymns which have no 
echo here below. Ami what 1 saw 
r.l was so real that all that 
I had heard and seen heretofore 
med like a lark dream of 

night The divii i looked 

at roe with an immortal smile, which 
was reflected no doubt from the lips 
of her di the day<; 

'■She said to me: 'Here I am, 
my son. I come because you called 
me. The help that I scut fan is very 
near. Remember, my son — ' But, 
oh 1 what was I going to say I I 
only permitted to reveal a few words 
of this celestial conversation, which 

te to my deliverance. The 
is a secret between God and myself 
— sufficient to say these words have 
fixed my destiny. 

r a long time she spoke to me, 

I my soul, ravished, absorbed, 

transfigured, listened in unspeakable 

ecstasy to the divine harmony of her 

voice. It will vibrate eternally in 

soul, and the torrents of tears 
that poured from my eyes 
refreshing as dear to my heart. At 

the myst ion gr.vhi.illy 

vanished. < figures, a:: 

light, all had disappeared, 

iked the celestial v\ 
by ineffable sighs and moans. 

'•When i tuned round) the 

help which had liec:i miraculously 
promised to me had arrived. Twaa 



; I percei 
you near I know the rest 

The BeXI day there was gi 
excitement among the little pop 
tion of the neighborhood, 
news of the miracle had spi 
rapidly, and a pious and det 
crowd had gathered in the mo* 
little church to assist at a sok 
celebrated by the holy missi 
ary. More than one pitying 1 
was turned during the ccrcm 
toward the young officer, who k 
near the sanctuary, praying wit) 
angelic fervor. 

It is said that some time ; 
another country, far, far 
sea, a young officer v.: 

U .ulously escaped death al 
doncd a brilliant future, ai 
secratcd himself to God in a cloii 
Was it he ? Xo one has cm 
vely. 

II ever you pass by the old cht 
of the Ki i org* 

will see hj 
ing in one of the side-char 
antique exvelo which 
souvenir of this miraculous ev 

ic va 
but it is an old, old relic, that 
loves to see, for it tells a thril 
story. Often trai 
from distant lands stoj 
dusty old picture, struck by 
strange scene it represents. Ol 
times pious mothers stand befbi 
with their little one:, and rclati 
them the wondrous leg* 
souvenir of this thrilling sti 
vivid throughout the con 



iii ace m 



The Records of a Ruin. 



««3 



RECORDS OF A RUIN. 



Tut Palais Royal de- 
al interest from its associ 
.: : . ll R 
NY : ,i attracted his no- 

light- 
I by 
. 
the then fashionable 
■ of ihc c i the 

the Mar- 

sed it in 1614. 
, ho we vet. the elegant mansion, 
I had been abundantly spacious 
the lords of d'Estrce with 
aerablc ' 

. Jets of every degree in the 

hy domestic of those 

, became too small for the grow- 

| importance of Loins X 1 1 1 .'s ma g- 

:cr. 
Richelieu fell a c 
Uuhliaj; and decorating mania pi 
Sew it that period amongst princes 
ttd dates; he threw 

walb of the Hotel d'Kstree 
north end, pushed the house 
the gardens, drove the gardens 
oat into the open space bc- 
and pierced a way through 
the street which was henceforth 
I be honored by bearing his name. 
fISppe of Champagne was invited 
1 bjairt the rolingsand decornte the 
tnfii of the it 

**oie cipher gleamed over all the 
ilea, sometimes engrained in 
Warn upon marble, com 
runaly I with emblematic 

Agnes, or en the Richc- 

W arm*. When all was complete, 
t *u necessary to rechristcn the 
ilwtliing which had been so enlarged 
ad renovated as to be virtually a 
ace— the mansion which had 
xvti. — S 



been metamorphosed into a palace. 

t much serious con . and 

many times changing Ids mind, 
Richelieu decided thai .be 

led Palais Cardinal. A slab bear- 
ing these two words in large \ 
settet liogly placed over 

gates of the ti Hotel 

d'Estrce. The next 
beheld it, and burst out 
The beauxespntt of the 
capital, with Bakac at th. 
1 a body to the M 

1 o( the new palace, and woke 
the echoes of the sleeping an 
gardens with d uh; 

there they stood, armed with gram- 
mar of divers tongues, 

folios, discussing with 

ty the two inoffensive 

nouns on the now 

then a wag from the crowd raising 
shouts of laughter by some ludicrous 
explanation <>f his own. Presently 
the gates were swung apart, and out 
drove the cardinal, and beheld the 

tack, so eminently gratifying to 
his sensitive pride, of "all Paris 
laughing at him." 

The scoffers gathered round his 
•qoipage, boota and pen in hand, im- 
ploring him to enlighten their igno- 

e from the depths of b 
thomahlc erudition; how were 11 
to pftfte the name of hi tctra 

house? Jblais and Cardinal — it 
was most perplexing to their weak 
intelligent anction was a 

turning upside down of all CSttb* 
I rule* — a loj»y-turvy of princi- 
ples and <>t all km 1 mi precedents. 

Separately, the two nouns were 

comprehensible, but joined together, 

I it, mayhap, 

Greek or Latin construction, or was 



114 



The Records of a Ruin. 



it taken from the legends of o!<! Gaul 
French, or a specimen of some new 
and unknown tongue evolved from 
the universal genius of the minister ? 
Richelieu, writhing under the j i 
hilarity of the tormentors, lent ;i 
car to them, and rode forth in scorn- 
ful taciturnity; petitions from im. 

savants, who professed to be la- 
boring in the mazes of a new gram- 
roar, flowed in the following day-, 
the unlucky inthoi ol train- 

ma' :ipiion, beseeching him 

i || t the ignorant world into the se- 
cret of its propel pining ; the ene- 
mies of the cardinal, in fact, made 
capital out of hi to their 

heart's content, but Richelieu's pride 
was a match for them. The only 
answer he condescended to make 
was to point to I over 

the Motel Picu. The precedent was 

no doubt unanswerable; but vanity 
remained, nevertheless, more promi- 
nent in the imitation than cither 
BO or grammar. It held its place, 
however, in spite "i .ill attempts to 
laugh it down. The splendors of the 
Pal- inal have been enlarged 

upon in most of the memoirs and 
■ mi tii.it time, Rii helieu, 
while busy making and im-iiding 
quarrels between the king and the 
queen-mother, Marie dc Medieis, 
governing France, and pulling the 
strings of all the governments of Eu- 
rope, found time to devote to his 
hobby of enriching and beautifying 
his petai teeing n id most 

minute details (he uad part 

-of the work, and directing the re- 
search after objects of ar{ far and 
near for its adornment. While he 
was thus variously orcupied, -i knot 
Of lit'iary men were in the habit of 
race; tljr once a week close to 

his palace gates, to read aloud tj 
own r,d discuss the state of 

letters, whose horizon was just then 
beginning to brig l the ris- 



ing sun of the great Comeille. 
meetings were held at tl 
one of the circle; they were 
id to i 
toricty beyond their own circh 
members sought only t 
each other by honest criticixn 
by the emulation that comes of 
ing in common towards a cot 
•DO. Soon, however, these « 
gatherings became talk 
courtiers heard of them, and b 
to be allowed to assist at them. 
and-by Richelieu came to he 
them ; his curiosity was i 

■ politic;, i i vici 

feared the so-called reunions 
mires might be a covert Ebl 
more dangerous; he was not 
however. tO find QUI 
to detect in the modest luerar; 
a germ of future greatni 
pressed lui desire that the me) 

! be held henceforth al 

I'aiais Cardinal, and 

diate ai 1 he members 

. they were not worthy 
distinguished an honor, etc; 
Richelieu assured them that hi 
in their modest labors the proi 
fulfilment of his long-cherishci 

to raise the French lanj 

from the ranks of barbarotU i i 

to cleanse it from the impi 

it had contracted in the n 
of the i 1 on the lij 

The little band of w 
yielded reluctantly to the pon 
summons so flatteringly 

I their independence, am 

tnie Franceisc was foui 
Louis XIII. gave il letters-pi 
and became its chief patron, 
Richelieu was named 1'resi 
The number of acaden 

I to forty. Amongst the 
and gifted men who figure a< 
biith of thi Areopagus 

lined to be glorified in il 
by so many brilliant 



>'S 



9k stands out o 
MBf poet found in Riclv. 

anirkent patron, until he 
lack to wound his vanity 
of it* most vr points. 

content with 
•irrior, a financier, and mourner- 
•cr thing* besides, the insati- 

ius form of ambit 
a cruel handle to his enemies, 
1 them with many a 
of ridicule wherewith to 
his thin-skinned 
Richelieu, however, pursued hi* 
in serene self-confidence, despis- 
the ignorance and jealousy of the 
herd, and periodically bring- 
ing forth the offspring of his gei 
K shape of plays and poems. One 
s of verses with which he was par- 
y satisfied he handed in MS. 
e, desiring to secure his 
approval before launching them on 
c tea of public and mod- 

npjesting the young poet to 
wmiook tbcm and make any altcra- 
ohn that he though: a Cor- 

adEe had not graduated long enough 
■ the school of courtiers to know 
ihat this flattering request was 
•orth, so he set about complying 
• conscientiously, pruning and 
..it his fine critical pen 
ran along the course of the 
Richelieu's ama, 

lastcrpiecc thus 
wdscJ oosly overhauled was only 
cquik Cor- 

eeiitr. instead of falling on hi. 
sod crying fttam when he saw his 
awstak -ded with infantine 

Mfav// to argue the ith the 

wrath/ul poet, and prove to nun that 
! been called for 
.'.ring fault. This d 

jnesty 



stances. The scene between Gil 
Bias and the is enacted in 

the library of the ! j be- 

tween Corneillc and Richelieu, and 
certainly Gil Bias was not more as- 
Uraished by the effect of his can 
criticism on the b: ;-winded 

inn than was the young Ml 
hi In- the thunderbolt winch fell 
from hu patron'l brow on perusing 
his Ms revised and corrected. He 
was dismissed peremptorily, and 
withdrew coning his own stupidity, 
and vowing that never again would 
he he entrapped into the Ibtly ol 
lieving in the common sense of a pa- 
iron. Shortly after this mishap, while 
wandering about in listless pursuit 
of an object at Rouen, his native 
place, he fell in accidentally with a 
gentleman who had read his first 
■■rncd through 
their faults and trammels the pro- 
mise of true genius that lay beneath. 
• Why do you waste and hamper 
your talent m the threadbare conven- 
tionalitie: ^ ?" inquired 

M. de Chalan. " You want a higher 
and a wider scope ; read Guillen de 
Castro, and there you will find a 
subject worthy of you, and which 
bring out your powers with a 
fire and force muuspecied by your- 
self." 

" Unfortunately, I am not acqi 
cd with Spanish," replied the voting 
man. 

" Hut 1 am," returned M. de 
Chalan, "and, if you like, I will teach 
| 00." 

Cornciilc, having nothing else to 
do, I the proposal, and 

to this chance circumstance the 
Id apparently owes Th* CM 
That masterly composition Canoe Upon 
thc'i irorM ol Prance— •hither- 

to fed on threadbare conventionalities, 
as d i— like a 

inch a tempest 
of senseless \ ad malig- 



n6 



The Rfc<*rds of a Ruin. 



riant opposition as has no parallel 
in the history of literary cyclones. 
Richelieu, who was far too good a 
judge not to sec the rare merits of 
the poem, had not the magnanimity 
to proclaim his opinion, and that 
quell the storm, but fill in with the 
rioters, and was one of the loudest in 
crying down the new tragedy. He 
could DM forgive the young poet 
who, without his patronage, nay, in 
spite of his own disgrace, had suc- 
ceeded in climbing to the topmost 
round of the ladder. Corneille'* star 
rose steady and dear above the 
stormy waters, and he lived to see it 
shir.c out in glorious lustre through 
the clouds of envy and hostile criti- 
cism- His career was one of un- 
paralleled triumph, till die appear- 
ance of his last work. Fttthttrite, 
written in 1653- fa wai played on 
the board* oi the Pakrit Cardinal 
theatre, that had echoed to so many 
of his previous triumphs, and was re- 
ceived with a coldness that was 
livakot to condemnation. Cor- 
ncdie saw in tin's isolated defeat the 
ruin of his poetic fame ; he became 
possessed by a morbid despair, flung 
away his I) re, and gave up the 
theatre in disgust. During the 
tcrval of depresaoo that followed 

this fancied humiliation, he devoted 
himself to the trawiauoil of Thomas 
a Kempis' The Imitation 0/ Christ, 

j, as he said bin 
own reputation to the glory of a 
sovereign author." 

The Palais Cardinal, during Riche- 
lieu's mo go, was the 

[erOUS SCe: 

•lark ii:ti 1 events Othci > 

mant than these literary skir- 

;age the 

lights of ucn. 

iquily to the Louvre enabled 

hiiii to keep bis I on the 

busy hive of friends, foes, and tools 

who gathered round the king; to 



frustrate the petty plots of cou; 
and forestall the schemes of 
by hi 1 us presence. Nor are 

comic chapters lacking in the annals 
of the Palais Cardinal at this period. 
One Tclatcd by the sprightly Duel-., 

icvreuse, in a letter to Mine. 
Mottcville, is grotesque enough to be 
worth recording, as chat 
the cardinal and the court Riches 
mta said, had dared to raise hia 
eyes to the queen, then in the full 
bloom of her youth and beauty. As 
might be expected, the unwarrari table 
presuin Anne of Austria 

with no gentler feeling than con- 
tempt, not unmixed with disgust. 
She gathered up her purple robes, as 

light have done at the touch of 
a viper, and shook them, and passed 
on with a shudder and a shrug, 
her volatile friend. Mmc. di 
vrcuse, whose rSle was fun at any 
price, thought the cardinal's love too 
good a joke not to be turned to ac- 
count. She proposed playing him a 
trick which would have the double 
advantage of giving herself and her 
royal mistress an hour's good fun, 
and of making Richelieu, whom she 
hated with a woman's inventive hate, 
appear thoroughly ridiculous. " Let 
me tell him from myself," she en- 
treated, " that your majesty i 

blc because you do not be- 
1 the sincerity of his love; but 
that, if he can give you proot 
you arc open to lion. 1 will 

propose that he come here by the 
private way. dressed as a harlequin, 
and dance the saraband I you 

one of these evenings, assuring him, 
if he docs this, you will betievt 
the reality of his pro testa 1 
was young, her life had in 
sunshine in its splendor, and die 
demon of frolic which so madly pos- 
sessed her friend was not with 
power over i: consented that 

the outrageous joke should be played 



The Records of a Ruin. 



117 



her n' ooin >' swain. The 

accordingly informed him 

the queen was passionately fond 

r saraband, and had often cx- 

a desire to need by 

inent anil 

o adiair 

I ■ 
dance, and that nothing w< 
and flatter her more than to 
eminence yield to this I 
necessary, she added, that he 
t>e dressed a* a harlequin, in 
in all their i-erfec 
ihc t* of the 

nbit at this outland- 
ind it »a> agreed on a given 
he would roam to the Loavre, 
di>i*jrt himself in the 

for the edification of the 

i, he being alone in one room, 

ber t. on at the 

ince from behind a screen in 

adjoining one ; a must* 

abo from view, was to . 

wee on the violin. 
The duchess, who hail not bargained 
far ber own share in the sport, took 
ore not to be deprived o! it, but 
Hand beside the queen, peeping 
tatoogh the screen, while the haughty 
■atom an, beducned in the vai 
pied costume of hui with 

Writ. I bells on 

>m his co 
(he light fan- 
U'tic toe. Mnif. ilc Chevrcusc de- 
ttnbcs in 
ctec of a schoolboy: herself 

oiher's 

baa! one cxplo 

Dost sJiOul them and *ud- 

if oil sboi the 

*■«* ■ . : ner, 

clung »v. tically at bis 



■ud forwards on the 
; his fingers 
at cadi rapid pirouette, stanv 
his heel and pointing his toi 
the figures oi the saraband de- 
manded The perforin 
dunned his cloak, and made his 
way back discreetly to the Palais 
DO was lost in re- 
gulating the farce to the court, 
and the muniment tint it prove 
may be read. I. But who 

might laugh with unpin 
lieu ? The true motive of the 
unseemly burlesque to which he 
had lem soon made 

known to the h. 
was the vengeance that availed 

its authors. He bided and 

began dial scries 01 

and pe- 
so many year. >ung queen's 
life. Richelieu had insinuated himself 
into : of Louis XIII., 
and his influence over him 

: >on 
he Itted against the queen with < | 

mtrired to inptt* 

net in the odious and diabol 
conspiracy of the atch-lrairor de 
Chal 1 of having plotted 

to dethrone 1 I ic king, 

with a view to putting I .Or- 

leans, his brother, 0:1 the throne, and 
marrying him. When Louis XIII. 
brut 1 to •• indi- 

cate herself fr- 

rgc, she replied, with tfiritHtiU ■ 
daii little to gain by 

M than 
probable thai tub/ 

insp e cte d Amu: 01 Ana 

her 
■ 
did 
vt^y : it CUt at the I 

lor her rmsbarj his trust 

in bi 

for years, Tha Ducnc 'he- 

show of 



IIS 



The Records of a Ruin. 



truth, of having conspired with (.'■ aston 
d'Orleans to dethrone the king, was 
exiled from Fiance. Richelieu 
lowed up the advantage of his first 
attack by accusing the queen of keep- 
ing up a correspondence with the 

' tics of the state. Anne, too 
proud to justify herself, imprudently 
paraded her contempt for Richelieu's 
malevolent intrigues by openly and 
on every occasion showing her love 
for her own family, at that time at war 
with France; expressions full of the 
warmth of natural affection were 
made a handle of by her enemies, 
construed into treason against the 
king and the state. The btrth of 
I. mi,:, XIV. (1638) brought about a 
partial reconciliation between her and 
the husband who had insulted and 
treated her with a neglect. 

But Richelieu's sway remained un- 

tcn to the end. It was entirely 
an intellectual sway; the heart had 
no share in it on cither side. The 
minister hated the king, and the king 
hated the minuter; their natures 
were essentially antagonistic, and 
mutual iitterait alone held them to- 
gether. Louis, hearing that he was 
about to be freed from the bondage 
under which be had ilong — 

that the summons had come for 
Richelieu — went in haste to the l'alais 
Cardinal to rccciv. ax of the 

<l>mg minister. The interview be- 
tween them vaa short and utterly dc- 
.1 pathos DO ihadi of tender- 
ed into the bond that 
was about to be dissolved. The 
breaking up of it was simply a matter 
of business. The king left tin- death- 

ruber of the man to whom he 
owed ad '.. : his reign, without 

a tear in bit eye or a pal iQOD 

11. his heart and pai ec the adjoining 
room with a steady step 
air, » inting :u inter 

to a suppressed laugh, was; v 
on his features. When ill wu over. 



and the signal came forth 
lieu was no more, he excl 
tranquilly : " VoiJi un pand fwht 
mtrtp* (1642.) A few monthi 
he himself had joined the grca 
tkian in another world. 

Richelieu, whose more than 
munificence of state liad rout 
jealous susceptibilities of the 
atoned for it by bequcaihui 
beautiful palace, with its accum 
treasures of art and thdu 
unthankful master. Anne of A 
I rated her reign as regei 
taking up her abode under th 
of the man who had been to t 
day of his life her implacable et 
Immediately after the death of 
XIII.. she came to the Palais 
with the little king and ins 
the Due d'Anjou. Tin 
which Richelieu had lavish' 
much taste and wealth v. 
in the bequest, though he had 
cxpreswl hit intention of prc« 
it in the nation, and cnd< 
the benefit uf rising dramatic at 

Notwithstanding that An 
1 ii.i had good reason to ■ 

rial for hit injustice and 
irity to herself personally, 
honor to his merits as a Mate 
Mid vears after his death, when 
zenith of her 
she arid once 
trait of Richelieu 

aloon of 
•• Wire that man alive UOfl 
be more powerful than ever." 
a generous and exhaustive trio 
the memory of those services 
had consolidated the monarc 
France, and made her own po 

it u.l-. 

I he, name of l'alais G 
which, despite its equivocal gri 
was appropriate while Ric 
habited it, ■ eased to I 







• " s cr**i politlclu n <Je»d !" 



The Records of a Ruin. 



119 



passed into the possession of the 
Anne was advised to change 
t, bnt refused to do so, at the soli- 
rim inn of the Duchesse d'Aiguillon, 
•bo besought her to retain a name 
vjbch so honorably associated Rkhc- 
ben with the glorious reign of Louis 
XIII. Public opinion, however, 
prevailed before long, and the palace 
■as henceforth by common consent 
designated as the Palais Royal. 
With us new name began a new era 
a its annals. 

Anne has been compared by some 
of her admirers and biographers to 
rfanrhr of Castillc; but, while ren- 
ethos full justice to the queenly 
qaaliucs of the Austro-Spanish re- 
ject, wc ovrn that the comparison 
■ "g suggested rather 
Vy th- 1 by the 

chancier* of the two queen-n: 
■bo each played so remarkable a 
part in the of their epochs. 

Bbscbe of Castillo made it her first 
sad paramount ambition t<> render 
fcer son VOi 1 .perishable 

crown which awaited him in the 
Kingdom that is not of this world : 
.Use 

ipremacy of earthly 

1 a great and 

ul king. In each case, as it 

Ippcns, the omnipotent mo- 

• ■ 

■ le future Grand Mo- 
pe opened in troubled lime* ; the 
is of the Froodc were ferment- 
• down under the apparently 
UBOoth surface, and the flits, and 
Buuquerailes, an aalcingwith 

which the '.'clebratcd her 

•ardr accession to sovereign power 
*tre soon followed by more exciting 
*wtu Ma/arm hail succeeded to 

• icavors to keep well 
tering the ambi- 
n hopes ot Gaston d'Orleai 
■jia* himself out with elaborate zeal 



to please the regent and secure her 
confidence; yielding outwardly, with 
alluring grace, to every caprice of her 
soft despotic sway; and putting dex- 
terously the complicated strings of 
the malcontents, Conde, and Conti, 
and Longueville, and many other il- 
lustrious personages who chafed un- 
easily under the sceptre of the for- 
eigner; benevolent and outspoken, 
but irreclaimably despotic Mazarin, 
in his desire to please all panics 
whom it was of use to propitiate, 
mikI make money plentiful where it 
was needed for his purposes, had 
gone on taxing till lie raised the 
in the Ihtn much enduring pco- 
rcady for an 
outbreak. T;. urn after the 

victory of Lens gave the signal Kir it. 
It was a burning day in August, in 
the year 1648. The cily had tut D I 
out to join in the jubilee, and, amidst 
the u horns of trumpets, and 

cannons, and bells that sent exulting 
chimes from many belfries, such 
small matters as hunger anil empty 
hearths and misery in its multiform 
moods and tenses were forgotten for 
a moment. But it needed only a 
touch to rouse the sleeping furies in 
the hearts of the hun ing 

crowd. Broussd was seized by tlic 
troi 1 bad just played their 

part in the gay thanksgiving, ami 
ried off to prison — Hroimel, the ven- 
erable magistrate, the people's sturdy 
fnend; who had fought their battles 

: ami over again against mighty 
Mazarin himself; who had stood by 
them and upheld their rights in the 
teeth of the foreign queen and her 
foreign minister ; Dl O USati , whom the 
people called noire firt — were they 
going to see him seized by soldiers, and 

icd off before their eye 
they would stand by him as he had 
stood by thci. last notes of 

the Te Deum were still ringing over 
the city, v, hen up leaped the siiouis of 



120 



T/if Rtcords of a Ruin. 



revolution .inil the cm "To ariiis!" 
and chased away their holy echoes. 
The ron led the carriage in 

which Broussel was placed, guarded 
on all sides by armed m .ere 

brain back and trodden downs the 
people r > the charge un- 

daunted, and finally bore down on 
the Palais Royal, vociferating un- 
mannerly threats, and demanding 
Urn.: liva us Brouxscl, or we 

will bum down your house ti 
you ' oral sounds for the 

queen to hear beneath her windo 
Anne of Austria had not foreseen this 
bursting up of the vulgar depths over 
which she had hitherto ridden in safe 
ami scornful a ■". in all 

proi' . . .1. . i.-in. He 

with II that sumptuous 

apartment called the queen's boil 
whose one broad window, moan 

- of massive ulver wrought 
like a brooch, looked out upon the 
court ; the recent paced the room in 
feverish excitement, her lace flushed, 
her hands, alternately crossed on 
herbrca resolve, 

moving in the United and expres- 
sive play that was familial M her; 
every now and then she would stand 
in the embrasure of the rich and cun- 
ningly carved window, and cast a 
glance of mingled scorn and defiance 
on the vociferous rabtrie below. 'Iliey 

i sight of her, and greet be* uitli 
ominous signs and gestures. They 
see in her cool courage a taunt that 
rouv o desperation. All un- 

armed U they are, except with stones 
and sticks and such like unmilitary 
weapons, they arc ready to give bat- 
lien 
the Fronde was born, a young D 
named Gondi starts to the surface, 

ting up from the dark horizon 
like a glittenng rocket. He is en- 
dowed with that |k alco- 
holic eloquence which . 
in all climes and ages the apanage of 



demagogues. Gondi had al 
mad'- tons as a 

contented iom it wi 

well eith' B h or to r 

and Ma/arin n 

the latter plan 
doosjr havi 
aroused by the queen's ki 
of the young firebrand ; he 
a possible rival in Go 
talents, and fort 

was just now roal 
him: liming on 

wrongs of the peo] 
ing the seizure of IS 
ton* and tyrannical. There was 
talk of sending h to tl 

gent to demand h« relca 
caught at this oppoi 

. 'inil in the estimati 
queen by 
of a leaii ei i be 

to him indire me 

the Palais Royal and present tYw 
people's petition. Gondi, who - 
in the mission an c- i t_«n 

ng himself with all parties, a 
cepted it. He toW the peo| 
he undertook t<i ask, and ; 
himself to 

Broussel within an hour. They 
lowed him with enthnsia 
to the Palais Royal, where he was 
admitted to the presence of the 
She received him with 
promptitude, unconscious of the mo- 
Anne 
mood for com :ir conces-" 

sions; the rebellious . of lies? 

subjects had Steeled her heart f"t thcS 
moment against the to — - 

ency, and when Gondi, nj-3 

If the bearer of th. of 

the people, asked I 
of the magistrate, her >ke^ 

out into violcn js— - 

sell" I with a sardonic laugh, 

•• I will strangle him i \\y-£ 

own rial ig tlti 

beautiful little hand lave bcen*« 



The Records of a Ruin. 



J2I 



a of her day, she 
. cluse up to Goo .ook 

I to his face. The 

stood rooted t» the 
letter men. Anne, 

turning nwaj ■■ ih a 

sarcasm the more chilling from 
contrast with her lorego- 
jemence: "Go and rest. Mon- 
de I have worked 

left her presence, ami < 

i ho hail led him into the dilem- 
ig false to the people and 
j the queen, coldly deciin 
ns, and bowed ::ce»- 

mt Gondi, betrayed 
jamV Palais Royal with 

tth that the morrow would see 
When a lad of 
1, be had wrr. 
CtH/urufitxi de Juesi/ue, wliich 
from Richelieu the remark: 
i ett-nl dai 
bid cume ■■■ ig au- 

thor was to fulfil i pro- 

ykecj. Therature aide Rett 

had entered the Palais Royal an am- 
hibaut rouriicr : he left i: an mfuii- 
aied fnmdexr. The next day Paris 
was bristling with b —its tra- 

44J"— 1 modi 

This day. famous ■ 
knujJet. saw Mothieu Mole appear 
Siooeol" I I attitude* thai hare 

staked I and honorable ca- 

ns*. 

i 1 young, Mnl6 had risen 

t and pi 'ion 

it Punier Pr/i\Jent av nt de 

Ik' mere force of talent and 

Bf. diameter: he had 

antr cxiited the patronage of a 

stager ;ited a t 

«•*; hi Ivail lent no base compliance 
to Icvi^ticu's despotism or to Maw- 
ra'i ranre captivating rule; fa 

• ■■ill t* • t*ac*ro«iipi 



remained the staunch friend of the 

rodox Abba de St. ("> ran, holding 
• linn in 

a 
hi- uusieM popuhuirfi persec.!: 
Richelieu t" obtain his ]>ardi 
ing ■ 

early, waylaying him in all possible 
and tCM with the same 

pcrsisteii". 

■ Cyraii," till at KOl lieu, 

worn out with In-, importunity, M t 
the 1 and 

M. Mole is a worthy 
magistrate, but the most obstinate 
pleader in Prance," and gave him 
kbbcdeSi iniswas 

the man who was chosen to head a 
second embassy from r le to 

the Palais R0y.1l. The regent was 
aware of his coming, and recc: 
him with i but her high 

spirit was slightly subdued since the 

lasscd a 

:ur the events 

of the n. >osed to 

admit the possibility of coming to a 

compromise vrith her unruly ritii 

thieu Mole was not an orator in 
the classical sense of the word, but he 
had that sort of eloquence that stirs 
tin- hearts of men. it«x 

. in the first place, over the angry 
by making them listen to reason 
and take a <fil| 6 view of their 

position, and now I 
ly important one with the regent, 
ducing her to yield a reluctant con- 
sent to the ! of Broi; 
The barricades were lowered, and 

il gave a Joyous welcome to its 

,d. put 

i'ed was not to be so qui 

A nne of Austria eventu- 
ally conquered both the Fror.di 
violent b 
i ^tensions of Mazarin, who. 
bmg with a fairly good grace be- 
fore the ie courage and m- 
ibte firmness of the recent, re- 



182 



Tht Records of a Ruin. 



nouuced the ambition of making her 

:ool, and was satisfied with being 
her right hand in governing the 
Mate. How high his ambition soared 
■; be guessed from the following 
trait. Once, when conversing with 
Anne of Austria, emboldened by 
that gracious abandon of manner 
which made the haughty Spaniard so 
charming in her amiable moods, 
Mazarin alluded to the boyish pas- 
sion of the king for his niece, Marie 
Mancini, ami observed how do 
he would have deplored it hail 
majesty, yielding to the infatuation 
of the hour, committed the chivalrous 
folly of marrying her. Anne of Aus- 
tria drew herself up with all the pride 
of her Castilian blood, and answered : 
I ad my son been capable of such 
an unworthiness, 1 should have plac- 
ed myself with his brother at the 
bead of the nation against him and 
against you." 'llic proud daughter 
of kings, who, by ibe strength ot 
solitary will, could govern a DSl 
and cow the daring leaders of the 
Fronde, was in person as tender and 
delicate as a child ; her health was 
fragile. ..nil her skin so sensitive that 
it was difficult to find any cambric 
soft enough to clothe without hutting 
her. Mazarin, alluding once to this 
Sybarite delicacy of temperament, dc- 

-d to the regent that her purga- 
in the next world would he to 
sleep in Holland sheets. Yet. when 
Anne was attacked by the cruel mal- 
ady which ended her days, no Roman 
matron could have endured it with 
greater fortitude, Her piety, which 
had guarded her youth through the 
alluring temptation* of the court, de- 

: the neglect and rudeness of a 
morose and heartless husband, sus- 
tained her in the protracted tortures 
IneiB. Shortly before she 
expired, Louis XIV. was kneeling by 

l»edside of his mother, weeping 
bitterly, and covering her hand with 



his tears ; she drew it gently as 
and, looking for a moment at th 
hand which had been her chief < 
man's vanity, she murmured 
are beginning to swell ne to 

go ! " Some historians have flippant- 
ly taxed Anne with ha> ;al> 
cally kept her son in thi and, 
and sacrificed him selfishly to 
prolongation of her own power ; 
Louis' passionate grief at her de 
and Ins lifelong gratitude to 
memory of his mother, sufficiently re- 
pudiate this charge. Louis XIV. 
never resided at the Pal .; af- 
ter her death ; when necessity ob' 
him to remain in Paris. ..ted 
the Louvre. 

The characters and careers of Ri- 
chelieu and Mazarin furnish one of 
those points of comparison which his- 
tory is so fond of. Rii elieu was 
undeniably the more brilliant states* 
of the two; he was endowed 
iriginaiity and a larger 
breadth of s lew ; he left a deeper im- 
press on hi> lime, and his remote 
tion on France was more enduring; 
but if the achievement of peace be 
more iian the 

Edition of war, Mazarin has para- 
mount claims on the gratitude of his 
country. The Trca 
and the Peace of the .are two 

monuments raised by Ma/ahn to his 
own lame that out-top all tlte d.v.ling 
trophies of his predece* es- 

tablish a nobler claim to the c I 
ration of rilized world than 

all Ri victorious accomplish- 

ments in war. lloth si -rere 

pre-eminently gifted with that power 
of reading men which i 
able an agent in the hands of those 
who are called to govern. It 
this electric instinct which prompted 
Richelieu to single out :iotn 

the crowd as the man i to 

be his successor — a ch< the 

young Italian jur: yioj 



Tht Records of a Ruin. 



•23 



mc wiih unswerving fixity of purpose 

fctu: unfinished < 

las • hom death had cui short in the 

Bviit of his work. Mazsrin, on the 

•diet hand, g ing proof of 

An ane subtle insight when he said 

•ftbe yn. then a mere boy 

a bis mother's leading-strings, and 

m yrt having done nothing to reveal 

the future grand monarch: "There 

staff enough in him to make four 

and one honest man." Itoth 

set (heir influence and pow- 

>cnre the interest and authority 

sovereign ; but both labored 

with unflinching steadiness of aim to 

raise the monarchy to a height of 

splendor it hail never before reached, 

sod was not destined long to re! 

Bath earned their Mutant with more 

ef martial dignity than priestly gi 

:hai teutons of which Richelieu 
boasted : '• I mow down everything, 
1 upset everything, and then I rover 
a alt wiih my red m Both 

atsde it the business of their lives 
- at the head of the state to hum- 
Wc Austria and Spain, and both suc- 
ceeded. The marriage of Louis XIV. 
Infanta. -.3 one of 

"s taoit successful diplomatic 
he foresaw in this union the 
ile succession o\ -oons 

cro«n of Charles Quint. 

of his man, I to 

ntry, there is one act of his 
mat goes far to annul t'nem — this 
• i action of gambling in- 
.-ance. To this deplorable itn- 
. the Abbe St. Pierre traces, 
not perti- it a shade of exag- 

geration, hut with palpable logic, the 
rapid decade r ional mo- 

nk and character; he says that 
Ma.- ie young I 

nd aloof:: 
roc him i 
to be interested, and thereby to pre- 
i interference in the affairs of 



la regent, iu her lurn, became 
smitten with the novel mat 
would spend whole nights with her 
court playini' ;,-. m . 

self was an incorrigible gambler, and 
often devoted to this passion the 
hours he should have given to sleep 
after his day's arduous task. He 
was looked upon more as a player of 
doubtful honesty — " un hufurpiusque 
sus/wt "; but "«: then 

iii turn to cheat him, provided they 
did it cleverly,'' St Pierre tells us; 
and he goes on to say : '• The yon 
nobles, first at court, and then all over 
the country, followed his example, 
and took to card-playing; ll 
sook the athletic sports and manly 
amusements which had delighted 
their fathers, and gave themselves up 

this enervating and ruinous pas- 
i they be. 
norani, and less polished; women 
caught the fever, and grew to respect 
themselves less, and to be less re- 
spec '. M-uami's avarice was as 
insatiable as his ambition ; he died 
colossally rich; but dm last 

illness, seized with remorse, he made 
over all his unjust gains to the king, 
who, of course, refused to ac- 
them, and the cardinal tlicn divided 
his vast wealth between I > : . the 
queen, Conde, Turenne. his friend 
Louis <le Haro. and several members 
of his own family. He bequeathed 
a large sum for the (b 
college, which he also endowed wiih 
his splendid librarj iter 

its dispersion by the trontkurs.it im- 
mense trouble and expense. 

Is college to tW- 

//gf dtt quatrc ntUioas. ; it 

■dy for the education of young 
men belonging to the four provinces 
annexed ring his minis- 

Ikn.and 

Ann =■ I 

ecator, punctually obeyed all his io- 

strui cpt the last-named. 



124 



The Records ej a Ruin. 



desire of the king, it was called Col- 
lege Msizarin, which was to become 
the • i.t liibliotheque Re 

of to-day. 

Hem 'and occu- 

pic<l the Palais Royal in 1644, The 
mar: ,:vr daughter Henrietta 

10 l'hilip of Oilea: 

jou, was celebrated here with great 
poop, and here the young princess 
hdii a brilliant court for a lew y. 
while her mother dwelt in the c '■■ 
tered retreat of ChailloL The thread 
of this bright young life was sudden- 
ly snapped asunder. Bossuet's ' I 1 
night of horror!" came like a tlun 
bolt from a summer sky, nattering 
the vol uric- Lourt, and spreading the 
news of its loss over the whole of 
France. Then came the R) get* v. 

which wm t« odd a chapter of 

ntable notoriety to the 
(j of the Palais B ij il, The 
nephew of Louis XIV. inherited all 
the vice s of his race v, 

out any of their redeem r.iex. 

Hi. isy-going ionA^mie has 

been sometimes lauded as clemency ; 
but it may more justly be consul 
a combination of weakness and cyni- 
cal contempt for th of justice. 

tc enraged populace gather- 
ed before his palace, dragging three 
naked corpses — the victims of their 

....- but misplaced anger— 
ith them, the regent looked 
out at the tempestuous Rene, and 
remarked coolly: "The- mob are 
right; the woi 'hey bear .0 

mui ■ " And truly it was a 

:er; and if the Revolution of '93 
did not break out under the lawless 
ami ;ag rule of the Regency, 

It I : ■ : . II:. 

man explained it, "three ti 
are necessary to make a revolution; 
lean .. ami funds, none of 

tins period." Hie pttils wupert tie la 
Ji/gence, which have acquired aa in 



mous celebrity through all tli 
nicies of the time, can have : 
in our sketch. 

The visit 01* IV tcr 
in on the luxurious and 

of (ha Palais Royal like 1 
tan appearing suddenly in tfc 
of a banquet of Sybarites, 
who had "civilized his pee 
Dg their heads off," set 
ncc during the 
'tag reign; but Louis 

from an in.Mirmountable antir 

the semi -barbarous autOi 

irom political motives, bad sij? 

brother, of all the Russia 

•ence would be more agrt 
than his presence. Peter was 
pellcd, therefore, to wait unti 
I Sraad Monarquc had rejoined 1 
cestors bt :■ i-.i.; 

Paris. The regent, 
making any difficulty about : 
him. made the 

parMioni in the Northern re 
and invited htm to l>^ - hi* gui 
the Palais Royal. Hut the I 
Muscovite could not conceal his 
tempt for the epicurean 111 
host, ami horrified him by dec 
that he never slept on anything 
than a camp-strctchcr, wh 
tied •• - 1 l i » him in all Ins pcrcgrina 
and used on th I battl 

in his own palace, and which 1 
sistcd now on substituting fo 
luxurious couch pre] 
Altogether, the Peter, I 

phew of Louis 
He was up with the birds, an< 
over the city to ,s anc 

e latter would never 
dreamed of calling his M 
lie expressed a wish to see Mm 
MatntCDOO, then living il) digi 
retreat at St. Cyr, 
Louis XIV. had dubbed I 
cd ill-health as an excuse lor rji 
honor and fatigue of ar 
11.1i reception. Peter, there 



The Records of a Ruin. 



'25 



ng and scared the leam- 
l«dat( of St Cyr out 

:lg to 

I at once to Mat de 

[here, lie 
out knocking, walked 
t to the bed, pushed aside the 
::ng down beside the 
tidy, entered brusquely 
The Sorbonne he 
: one of these un- 




• excel ving 

of Rtcbeh'cu in one of the 

he rushed up to it, and, 

the marble in his aims, ex- 

* incomparable man I 

t thou net still alive, and 

gi»e thec one-half of my 

teach roc how to g 

«h all this rough and aoi 

, regard of cti- 
D sense of 
doe to his imperial mighti- 
with the caprice of a 
uM asscTt it trenchantly 
then hi lit- The 

•toed a >f the most 

men of the day to meet 
gncst at a banquet at 
K <-> > .i 1 As they were 
room, little 
i back to let the 
unwilling 
cdence of the King of 
<nt to walk 
'd, to he wittily solved 
lifficulty by catching up the 
monarch in his arms ami carry- 
In to his seat. 

I regent dosed his ignoble life 
I'alais Royal His 

I E of Orleans, suc- 
rince brought 
tie Bade, 
alter be took possession 

death, Loan XV. was 
ally ski., it mu 



and thither, in the fhsrMj 
his ghef. the bereaved husband 6 
going straight to the room of the 
Itg king, demanded admittance ; 

lheaittndaBtsexpoatakttcl,btit l.ouis 
pushed them aside, and kicked in the 
door to announce I 
man nrrtO himself lay battling with 
death. He survived Jean;.' 

■ recovered her d 
be led a solitary and deaobue life-, 
and gave himself up to wofks of 
benevolence and the study pi oriental 
languages. He became a pet 
adept in the Arabic, Hebrew, and 
Greek tongue .cr appe. 

at court U a widower except when 
the imperious etiquette of Versailles 
occasionally rj :t. He died 

in 175a. His son's 1 the 

Palais Royal is chiefly remarkable by 
iving inoculated his own children 
with small-pox ; the doing expe-ri- 
was periormed by 

oeva 

for tiic purpose-, I I ed with 

success. Paris, ttAOtpOTtcd with j.iy, 
made bonfire* in the Place in trout of 

t, and for a time 
and fortunate father was the hero of 
toast and song, Another event 
which signalized his occupation of 
Richelieu's palace was the destruc- 
tion 1 -1 the theatre by lire 1,1763). 
The duke rebuilt it 00 a somewhat 
target but infinitely ken gorj 
scale as to decoration. He was an 

led patron of art, and es- 
pecially kind in assisting young men 

to make 

He divi 
genius of the young poet I.e 
re, and encouraged him both by 
s and bj 
He was so pleased with l.c h'i 
tragedy Zuma that immediately on 
e he bestowed a pa* 
Of 1,200 crowns on the poet 
i hi-, privy purse ; anil on the 
lattci's Baking what services were ex- 



126 



Tlit Records of a Ruin. 






pectcd from him in return for this 

munificence, the duke answered : " It 
obliges jrou to vrork henceforth more 
ardently foi v-.urown fame — nothing 
more." Tins prince, though he al- 
lowed himself to he drawn, to a cer- 
tain extent, into the fashionable follies 
of the court, had inherited from his 
Mil*, i awrrj sterling and beautiful 

□evolence was no- 
bounded ; hut it was only after his 
death that his real character was re- 
vealed, so carefully did he shun 
everything like ostentation in the 
exercise ivorite virtue-. It 

was then discovered that two thirds 
of his immense revenue had been 
spent upon the poor, in the payment 
i artists, men of letters, 
: some granted in his 
own name, others in the name of one 
or other of his ancestors. His con- 
descending kindness towards his de- 
pendents endeared him to all who 
approached him. A chamber 
coming one day to announce to him 
the death of a most inefficient and 
tiresome valet, who had been twenty 
years in the duke's service, " Poor 
fellow I" sighed the duke, " for twenty 
years he served mr, and for twenty 
years he worried me!" "Why did 
you keep i ur?" inquired 

a In he WOtild never 

have found a place if I had turned 
him away," replied the prince, and 
then added : " \\V must see now that 

his wife tad children arc prori 

for." Was it not Sophocles who 
said, "Only a great soul knows how 
much glory there is in being kind " ? 
I a germ of true glory there lief 
buried in this quiet little trait of 
Louis d'Orlcans! 

The death of this magn; 
patron,!' 

ous father oCth ! | Oi maki I way fist 

House of Or- 

■ louder but 

teas enviable noto* on the world- 



stage of hiitoiy. Almost imrm 
on his becoming master of tlit 
Royal, the new Due d'Orka 
the vexation of seeing the the 
recently rebuilt by his fathei 
down again. Discouraged, no 
by this precedent, he refused 
build it at his o*n expense, a 
plied to the city of Paris I 
necessary funds; but that bo 
; lined to furnish them. The c 

,iist was consequently 

I to the Porte St. Martin, 
a building was erected in tin 
of six weeks by I.enoir. It w 
till many years later that Ricl 
beautiful temple to dran 
rebuilt by a prince of the Hn 
Orleans, to l>e henceforth hi: 
on lease to enterprising manaj 
We arc told that in his carl) 

ii Philippe d'Orleans ga 1 
misc of an estimable manhood. 
wofully this promise was bel 
his after-life and shameful and 
death we know. He was bon 
dotld in 1747. and mam 
the only daughter of the D 
Penthicvre — a creature endow* 
every charm of person and m 
make her at once revi 
I Philippe was tall. 
well proportioned, his features 
cut and lit up with vivacity a 
telligcnce. bis manners graciot 
h is the portrait 

IWII to lit of him ill tllOS* 

days before the shadow of c 

v had obscured the pictui 

fell soon into habits of unl 

dissipation ; but, so long as h 

fined himself to this, to mad 

ring pranks On the boul< 

: hides in balloon 

boon companions as mad as h 

the people looked on in contcm 

provaL it was ncccs&i 

order to stimulate this passive 

to one of direct antagoni 

re with the 



The Records of a Ruin. 



127 



anvenience. This he 
his broad and 
1 into a huge shop, thus 
the teurgecit md idlers < ■ 1 
accustomed resort on 
and long mellow cven- 
ier. His royal highness 
ived very soon to COO 
tunc more than royal in its 
jpleni&h his 
I to cut down his 
chestnuts, and build up in 
ro us of shops, to be 
.1 high rent to trades- 
'Die oles and the 

J and. more important than 
Eodiman's eyes, the child- 
tlius driven to promenade 
■ stone colonnade, instead of 
>g the green shade of B 
roves, where the buzx of a rnul- 
bauar had replaced the 
res and the twitter of 
and-by wc sec the 
rising from resentful dis- 
: hatred. ' mitten 

gloinama, and spends 
rbatisofmon nee 

iirs money in London. He 
London-made coals. 

res English grooms, 

affects the ways and man- 

r mer, to the great disgust 

■ ■ 

well had it heel 

for Versailles had he dwelt 

1 the»e pi squerades 

: But under 

. 1 ace there lay a sub- 

idictivcness, a 

Jiont, ■nd implacable in 

h. Marie Antoinette had 

ill-iuck to offend her dis- 

t cousin of Orleans. 

ficr, t luke Maxi- 

.■illes, 

twentieth 

■red to see as much 

1 oi" this dear companion of 



her childhood during his short stay ; 
so she dispensed, as far as <nc could, 
with court ceremonial, remaining 
chiefly in her private apartments with 
her brother. It did not probably 
occur to her that, in omitting to in- 
vite the Due d'Orleans to share this 
:ly intern ) ling 

a wound that would one day distil 
its deadly poison upon herself and 
those dearest to her. So it was, how- 
ever. Philip never forgave what he 
considered a slight, and bitterly did 
he make the thoughtless young queen 
repent having inflicted il 
The gardens of the Pals 
h had given rise 1 

n destined to be the 
scene of the upheaving of the revolu- 
tion. All -dy, only naiting 
fbl a bold hand to give a posh to the 
pendulum and set it going;. Ca> 
li was the 
1 2th of July, 1789. Yesterday the 
great crisis had been prepared, and 
to-day it burst. Necker, the uni\ 
sal genius whose advent to t! 
try was hailed as the panacea for all 
discords, and , and threat- 
ened dangers ; Keeker, the" 
of computation," whose vigorous 
hand and capacious brain were to 
seize France, tottering on the brink 
of some invisible gull", and steady 

Keeker, to whom the timid, 

apathetic king, and the proud, val- 
iant queen, had all but gone on their 
knees to induce him to come and re- 
deem the treasury by " swift atith- 
the government 
and— yes, even at this date they 

I have in >n the salva- 

tions to be accomplished by Necker 
— the throne; Necker, who had yield- 
ed to the royal snppbai these 
words : " 1 yield in "to 
duty, but with the 

loomed" — Ni 
missed. On thi 11 4 Jul) 
XVI. signed the letter i the 



irs 



Tkt R aords of a Ruin. 



to leavr the kingdom " at 
I ami without iittt." When his 
secretary objected that Ncckcr's ex- 
traordinary popularity mi a strong 
presume 1 this 

hut command ; tlut tic had onl) 
jho'. and ^c people nould 

tuc /* ■•.in' to prevent his flight, 

I know 
Ik Mill guard us against himself, bfl 

. and fly 
Xnd he was right. 
i the letter at 

niiil quk 
t without 






nil even to Ins wife; 

with some 

I lus 

betrayed 

rv- 

i ijj ilie U awed 

niiual to Mine. 

I 

■ ' an they 

rds from 
It-string, 

man i" drive 

i.ition It was 

that 

numerous 

mille 

i ' 

i ide him- 

. on- 

.Inr.king 

[I 
"i 
. ,.i , ii i. ,,, hi 

i 
l' I ' r.ou- 

•. rushed out, 

| on an 



mlil .i i He 

I •!■«• i-eiii- 

hin- 

, in ii , i 



on the contrary, it gave it a m 
vehemen; pelling him 

wild and passionate gesticulation, by 
way of helping out his defective 
utterance. He spoke wi eyes, 

his teeth, every 

he would shake out his hair in lion- 
likc fashion, stamp liis feet, io*s his 
arms with del 

head to supply the word his toi 
refused to articulate, and the ener- 
getic juntomine elicited the 

lute it fired the passions, of his 
hearers. "CkitenBl" he cried, * lj 
come from Versailles." (He CASH 

i neighboring (a//, as wc have 
seen, but what of th.u ?) •• N'ccker 
is dismissed. This i is the 

tocsin of Sl Bartholomew i 
patriots. Before the sun has gone 
down, wc shall sec the 
German battalions marching 
the <. lumps de Mars to murder us 
like dogs. One chance yet r< 
to us. To arms ' I-ct us 
cockade whereby we may know each 
other." This exordium was covered 
with thundering salvos by the patri- 
ots. " What color shall wc cho 

101I the orator. •••Spcjk, pa- 
triots! Select ) our own flag. Shall 
it be green, the emblem of h: 
blue— the cotof of free America, of 

. and democrac;, ? " A 

: - cried out : u Green, 

lor of hope 1" But the 
was negatived by the voke of popu- 
lar prejudice. Green, it was said, 
.hey would not 
have green. 

A scene of 
followed while the momentous ques- 
tion of the cockade was bein.i 
vasscti. Finally, by what train of 
argument history docs not record, 
blue, white, and red were elected to 
the honor of representing the patriots. 
They hapi>cneJ to be the colors of 

-ouse of Orleans. Fron 
tub which served as a rostrum to the 



The Records of a Ruin. 



129 



"ic decree was shouted 1 

serried ranks around, and all through 

fce gardens it was borne along the 

cttaaaade rapid as lightning, swelling, 

to a deafening peal that 

reverberated from the boulc- 

and the thoroughfares of Pft- 

V ersaflles. 1 vrc know 

<>t on audit-: 

■any, I wild uproar, 

! in the adoption of 

ta House's colors by the popular 

jartj-, was going on undei 

Am, Philip of Orleans, henceforth 

lobe known under the title of Kgal- 

Or, was coolly looking out at the 

perfonr ir, and 

robablc effect of it 

ifl at ' By the time the 

•hoJc city was out-of-doors, it was 

1 the performance to bc- 

Koyal tlicatre, close 

by the 

eal triumph; other more interesting 
(Wees, 

•adang with tragedy, were now to be 
terJarmcd ; a band of patriots . 
Cifcai, ; burst into the 

*3tw, and, rushing on the stage, 
vsaarily rcve-- programme 

.:. color 
cadodes right and left, and called 
*e spectators to amis. " The audi- 
- rose em masse" at the appeal, 
a inie-bom Parisian audien 
surging pour- 

oat impetuous and despcrat 

I ■cfl why, at the bidding 
larch- 
lling streai 
kin - ulp- 

McCu: :re the pat 

■ Seeker am'. of Or- 

leans, i them in pro 

This was Egal- 
xiil d/bi.! 

■ Pal- 
Here, on 
e wild 
had, in the measure 
xvii. — 



hi im 
bona 



of his j>ower, evoked and called up 
from the smoulder ; to 

the full activity of its salanic life, and 
bowed down to, was 
doomed at the appointed hour of 

rut the regicide, and strike I 
down. On his w;; line, 

the car. whether by accident ot 1 
sign, passed under Egalitc's old 

■ ■. lit- raiser] hn eyes for a mo- 
ment to the windows, and, surveying 

turned his glance calmly again upon 
the yelling crowd. 

While the Tenor lasted, the \ 

Royal remained untenanted. After 

the Restoration it was occupied by 

■ Philippe while Duke of Or- 

l; when the son of I lied 

himself to the throne c ow,. 

he forsook it for the TuOeries, and dur 

ing t reign it was 

open to the p r!cal 

It and museum. On the 

ream 

d became die reside r.cie.i fri 
i.ie Bonaparte, or. ing 

brother of Napoleon I. When this 
venerable twig fell from the 
old imperial tree, it continued in the 
possession of his son, I ipe> 

leon. Hither, in Match. 1859, he 
brought his young bride cess 

Clothildc, daughtci Emma- 

nuel, and there Ip: resided until the 
memorable summer of 1870, when the 
disastrous war with Prussia came like 

! tore up the old trr. 
the roots, tad sent the bnUK 

: ; hither and thither over the 
uloni _• of Europe. 

The >scs our retro- 

spect of palace. The 

Tuilcries and the Palais Royal sent 
up their petroleum flames together 
to the soft summer skies where the 
in wax shining down, 
serenely tele 

of Paris on fire — a funeral pile where- 



1 3 o 



I bust of Diplomatic Auiliorsty. 



on were consumed, let us hope never 
again to rile the 

isof 

• l-.ere 

Wtttl '.'lcO- 

dj is the] icd from 

their old I Istt 

stench of th. dern 

, the ghosts of I 

urin, and Amu: of A I all 

that band of majestic tiguics from the 

iricd past, must have laugheil S 

r laugh, wherein horror wo* not 

-•. uoie of triumph, as tlkcy 



looked back upon the gl 

items had their da 
the dead 

one to ai *.tood in 

lurid 

vistas of it and t! 

e ail faui I 
know now with i 

were I 
un, Euto| 
ideal of the reign of justice upon i 



AN ABUSE OF DIPLOMATIC AUTHORITY. 



tendency, to which we have 
heretofore alluded. K Caili- 

I granted that 
Protestant country, to be 
rulf,! i :itliolics, 

has had even a more dangerous and 
lav-teaching c (road our bor- 

ders, and that, too, apparent!] 
official K 

dice has not unnaturally reached and 
infected the authorities at Washing 
We do not allude especially to the 
i.istration or CongTess, 
for the evil is of long M ; but 

ire have no ru 

our diplomatic and consular systems as 
at j ; ducted arc unjust to a 

Vmer- 
kan people, and are likely to mislead 
and i 

we at us of peace and amity. 

appointees are, almost 
;en from the 
ranks of non-Catholic ; 

to the : of a 

large class of our own citizens or the 

people to whom they 



are sent. The ministers pL: 
tiary to the gn of ] 

Imivc be' .elected : 

the ultra Protestant class like n 
ley; while the numerous 
with a fen- honorable ea 
have been men of the sain 
thinking, according to their lim 
• line;. When the Holy 
tlicr was yet in pos 

lilin: 

him now.. ;cn- 

— Catholic and conservative Spain — 
feel the Gem of the Antilles 
from her grasp, wc • 
ed an atheistical filibust. 

rod good* 
will. With Catholic countries gel 
ally wc have acted in the Mine s 
i our object 

: to \\ 
lesa and , ns 

America, each legation and consulate 

hah ,nti- 

As long 



An Abuse of Diplomatic 



131 



lg — wc will no*, call it by a 
... lu 

il mattered 

relative condition of 

and the sects in this country 

•i! known, and, the 

SrSot'tfic people h: rixed, 

jsqwiice and bigotry, even when pro- 

•ci-1 by the surs and stripes, could 

rm. 

: the character of our rcpre- 

Same* in Africa, [1 

oilier places in parti- 
imjidilimn that wc hare most rea- 
■ to complain. These Ameri 
toys and consuls seem to become 
fan tea Uy erangelLrers ; suiil if, like 
X friends of the Methodist and 
'habyteiian missionary societies of 
icily, they do not succeed in con- 
benighted heathen from 
1 ivor, 
exercise of all their dele 

.ate 
labors of those who can — the 
'- from other 
example, I 
great missk>l 
. 
-.t one-balf of : lia- 

r*ce in a comparative state of 
crruuatiun. ng a 

jorprc o: Iritain, 1: 

-ciatian mission-. : 
mate at least a setni-orhcLil recog- 
Mian and protection froi 
;u1llj of the head of the Protest- 
bylaw ev: 

tBmU have been outdone in zeal 
«xl officioasiicBs by our own agents 
a the Indian Peninsula, as wc 
fan a late work on that con 
Bttt in ' lur or five 

■case 
Tc:it. There the Cat 
pool and the devoted Sister of 
try, unsupported by the temporal aim, 

1 By Rci.Di. Butler. 



anawed by threats, torture, ud 
been mo« active and 
the 
iardofthe .winning souls 

to Christ. Their 1 are num- 

bered by ; ,nd their 

churches, schools, and orphanages 
dot the southern and western co 
while the sectarian missionaries, lack- 
ing the sustaining power of the state, 
have practically done nothing. "I 
has I a source 

grin to the various dissenting prose- 
lytUu land and the 

ited States, as it al 1 to 

have been the cause of exa- ; 
to our (XI g, Mr. Frcd- 

i . Low. 

. 
its to have embraced but three 
objects, if wc except his attempt and 
-d failure to bring thr I 
:i with il.- 

was the 
protection of American Protestant 
missionaries, and then 
second, to convince the Chinese offi- 

tcs have 

[0 with C 

as I > need to style them on 

all occasions, " Romanists"; and the 

third, to send bone false despatches 

In looking over the foreign cor- 
respondence of our government for 
1871, as presented to Congress with 
the lessagc* wc end 

th.it, in October, 1870, Mr. I 

tuthority ■■■■ from 

.itcs 
im Chcfoo to Tung- 
chow, for the sole puqxue of relum- 
ing soni; 1 1 missionaries to 
the i e, who, with their usual 
regard lor th iv of nature, 
. iled from it upon the sliy: 



lit L'miuJ TTnfir. uiavnlii** to Canaroa 

taaud Mo'j«e or Wi CrrMtal, De««rt*r 
V >*;■■ 






An Abuse of Diplomatic At 



ntmor of danger. The ship was the 
Her.ecia, and her precious cargo con- 
I of "the missionaries (number 
not stated), their teacher* and scr- 
I s, alio their ehiUren, amounting 
i<> a total of twenty-four persons." 
Of the reverend gentlemen at whose 
disposal a public vessel had been 
obsequiously placed by the ac: 
modating Mr. Low, Commander 
Kimbcrly, in his report, bluntly says : 

" Tbc miwionarics expressed themselves 
perfectly satisfied with everything that 
had been done in regard to returning 
them to lhclr homes, nnd wished me to 
risiltlw shore and walk about the city 
with the ollkers of the ship in full uni- 
form, which I declined to do, as, star the 
promises made by the Chinese officials. I 
considered it unnecessary, and the Chi. 
ncse being perfectly willing and pleased. 
as far as 1 could judge, that they had re- 
turned. From my interview, I came to 
lite conclusion that Ihsrt never existed 
any real danger at w-foo, bul 

■ ■.:■ n set i'i Mthorliy. 

htevOuS persons arc found in every 

v. and TunfChow foo is not 

■ litis iBflietiM The massacre 

I the 

it tarios |i 

The cowardly conduct of the 
sionarics, who were thus so honorably 
reconducted to their homes, is even 
partially admitted by the minister m 
his explanatory despatch, for he says : 
'• In this connection, I desire to say 
that I have bid no information from 
the missionaries, except a short note 
i one of ihem saying that they 
had all reached Tongchotr. With- 
out expressing any opinion as to the 
real peril they were in, or whether 
there was or was not cause for the 
step they took, I am of the Opinion 
that their removal and the manner 
of lhclt return will, on the whole, re- 
sult in good." 

'■'• ■ i: n\ thai it is the duly uf 
every envoy, consul, or other foreign 
agent of our government to succor 



and protect our citizens abroad 
things lawful ; but here, in this 

:, their duty ends. They 
no shadow of right to employ 
public vessels of the country, paid for 
by the public at large, and deslii 
for far other purposes, in any 

rss, much less for the I 
lion of runaway missionaries, " I 
teachers, servants, ami el 
This is not a Protestant country 
jacto OTt/e jure, and, as far as the : 
ttooal government is concerned, 
religion whatever is recognb 
it were an equal number 01 
or traders who had fled in terror from 
imaginary danger, is it likely that Mr. 
Low would have depleted our smalt 
squadron in the Chinese seas by pitt- 
ing at their service, and that of their 
''teachers, servants, and children," 
one of the best vessels in the fleet ? 
Or does any one sir .if those 

ma had been Catholic i 
he would have been guilty of a 
similar abuse of authority ? But he 
apologetically says, •• The manner of 
their return will, on the whole, result 
in good." Just so. ( Mr. 

Low, though we have not yet he 
of a vote of thanks having bi 
sentcd to him by any of our numerous 
foreign missionary societies, or that 
they have sent on to Washington 
deputations for his retention or pro- 
motion. That his conduct deserve* 
such commendation from these bodies 
no one can doubt who i ther 

hi! despatches to the State Depart- 
ment 

fa 1S5S, a treaty was formed be- 
tween China, on the one part, and the 
leading West m powers, :>cr, 

whereby, among other things, it was 
stipulated that the Christian converts 
in the former cou I practise 

their religion without molestation, and 
also enjoy certain immunities j and 
that in the free or open pons nnd 
districts the ministers of relit 



An Abuse of Diplomatic Authority. 



1 33 



'J be guaranteed the full exer- 

oc ons, etc. In 1870, 

crioosly agreed upon, this treaty 

»e up for revision, and France, 

■ foremost in the work of civilixa- 

and coascrsion, proposed 

admen ts to ti 1 relating 

dreed y or indirectly to commerce. 

Tbc second of these reads as follows : 

"You have rtpreased a de- 
Sk demands which 1 hare engaged my 
gwcroicci'.t to make from ibe Chinese 
foreraarcnt wl >ty of l3jS i« fe- 

vtaed. I fi-ivr no objection to satisfy 
ko. for I believe that the 
ate imii«r>enuMr. ami I stall 
to learn that the Olfcci 

l China have decided also 

. Second, 1 demand tli.it »'c 

•hill hil' !!;r li^ll! I 

cols whete-ver we judge proper, and thai 
-•here consult reside shall 
1 be opened to foreign ti.i . 



Metier iroulil noi prove 3. damage 
instead of a bene 



These demands seemed r 
enongli, ami have since, vre under- 
stand, been substantially complied 
with ; bat our clear-sighted minister 
trnm detected the danger that 

lurVed beneath them, particularly the 

and hastened t 
vise hb government nut to second 
the propositions of the French am- 
baasador. Hue is one of his rea- 



- I ace 10 many objections to »• 
treaty promicn, and so many chance* of 
its prorine a and a snare. 1h.1t. 

■ nlets I 

nitety d»-=ii"!, I thoald not be in lined 

. .>t ii If Use exaci truth could bo 

ascertain <-.>. it would be I ." ■ 1. 

of the French cAargf 

l<r protection 0* 

pot- itoa asked 

i:,an f ." ••tyilic bii«; : 

p©». iflucnct would be used to 

taitais 

In a So far as trade is 

|| may well he que-: 
the presence of French consuls 



AntI this is the representative of a 
fret and commercial people who de- 
sire to be considered Christian ! Ra- 
ther than sec Catholic missions cx- 
!. .-isul paganism eradicated 
from the hearts of millions of human 
beings, he would be willing to keep 
some of the most populous ami Car- 
die portions of the Celestial I 

it ever again 

commerce. But let us follow 
model minister a little further. 

In February, iSyi, the Chines 
1 Office submitted to th 
cign representatives at the < 
for consideration and approv.il, the 
draft of n minute, and eight tuIcs for 
the guidance and government ol 
. |he entire « 

They were drawn up with true Tartar 
cunning and ingenuity, and were in- 
I, if adopted, to baffle the 
Straightforward dcnMIK I I I 

rms they were plausible enough, 
but in reality cxccc! 
and evidently aimed at the Sisters of 
Charity, whose schools and 01 
asylums were rapidly increasin 
at those tealous and enterprising 
missionaries who, under various dis- 
guises, and despite the vigilance of 
the I01 are in the habit, 

;it unminent personal danger, of 
rating into tiic 1 I of the 

country, and preaching the Ward of 
God where bis name has never be- 
fore been heard. This WSJ I • 
tor Mr. Low to exhibit his sc 
bigotry before the mandarin 
he eagerly availed himself of i 
Answering their communication i 
his official capacity, and while di 

Dg generally bom their «i 
takes occasion, we think very gratui 
tOUtly, to say: 

■ It || ^ nol 1. among all 

the cases cited, there docs not appear tc 






'34 



An Abuse of Diplomatic Authority. 



be one in which Protectant n 

arc charged with violati.-;; ', or 

custom. So ft 

Complaint* air 

'Jo of the loJ ol tlie 

Ri>:: : tilth, and, is ibcsc arc 

mire protection arad con- 
trol of the gtn eminent of France. I might 
Willi great pro • 10 to disc.: 

matter milk wkiek lit got'trunent tf the 

..if iw diritl intereil or tan- 
eern.iat ihc reason that none of its citi- 
zens are i ' lib rlolaibig treaty or 

a, with equal truth: 
and apji- Is: 

- Whenever cases occur in which ihc 
missionaries overstep the bounds of de- 
corum, or interfere in matters with which 
ih'.y have no proper concern, let each 
case be reported promptly to the minister 
of the country to winch it belong*. Such 
ned instances should not produce 
"dice or engender hatted against 
■ who obsMva ' .nor 

tbould swooping 1 1 made 

again*! all .m tbJj MOSUL Tliuw from 
tin- [fatted State* tint 

and 
to <! ■ urge tin' • >n of 

the H 

; ;-H"- nl tbC |>i."ini u4 I luluru 

state, and aUoti i [lit tout, 

arc set forth, wh.i [hi pen- 

taooOi ad ii"- iln- 

lies . : It and mln 

:)/, In a great degree, 10 the pa 
Icnce of a belief In the truth of the S 
turcs that Western nations have aitanir.l 
their power and prosit 

.us, as he tl 
ed the prejudice and h< the 

authorities against the Catholics ex- 
cfusu odwordfoa 

the i rs; and assured tl 

(hat, a* far . ■ the <■ i tru i * ere i 
caned, the United States had no 

whatever, and by inler< 
that hi raattrettl and murder 

a j many of them as 1 .I 

without let or hindrance from us, 
Mr. I.ow next proceed* to mislead 
his government in a maimer w 
may be diplomatic, but is certainly 
far from honorable. 



In transmitting to the I 
of State a transla: 

■ of the memo 
.« great, [ 
■• of complaint against the ; 
lea comes fic-ni the action 

priest* an 
linns of thai faith : allh' i 
proposed for the g 
missionaries apply equally to 1'iotcs 
and Caihol. 

■- i careful reading " of the do 
ment as translated under h 
ccs i to bear 

Mr. 1 

i hunts and denunciations 
ami the d 
Romish " ■■ thai 

i hat woul ; heart > 

the most virulen 
fortunately, there n 
l.uiuii of the same ■ 

. and in it. behold, all I 
ni.-iiii.sis " are tuned into "Cli 

a Mr. 1 

State Department, could not he 

iog thisiii trcen 

two papers, and in a lettei 

. ), 1S71, calls upon the I'c 

1 an explanation, wbi 
of i ivas never j the 

good reason that was 

intentional. If, as ai 
Blackstone, forgery coi the 

material alteration of ihc bi 
mitten instrument. the 

•.ion or alteration 1 ;ure, 

fi .w .mi 1 1 pet i< i 1 ■; .:.. ■ enlai 
has I ilty of a very solicits 

legal mistake. The as :rc- 

tary writes: 



" Two v 

■ 

iimn apparent, 
a Front h version 
houses of Par) I 
in June or July last, and printed In 



irat 
rota 



".».*»»*. Chin., No. j, i8;t. 



An Abuse of Diplomatic Authority. 



*35 



Sik Blut-Book, entitled " China, No. 3, 
1I71." These versions differ widely in 
font ind expression, and, to some extent, 
in sense. 

"The version presented to Parliament 
bas been or will be made the subject of 
instructions by her Majesty's government 
10 Mr. Wade. A copy of these proposed 
instructions was communicated to this 
Department by her Majesty's chargi at 
Washington in August last. A copy is 
herewith enclosed, and also a copy of. the 
Ttrsion to which they relate. 

"The most material variance between 
the two versions is in the designation of 
the missionaries against whom the Chi- 
nese Foreign Office complains. Your 
version limits the complaints to mission- 
aries of the Roman Church. The British 
translation, following the French version, 
represents the complaints against ' Chris- 
tians.' For instance, the British version 
renders the beginning of the first article 
or rale as follows : ' The Christians, when 
they found an orphanage, give no notice 
to the authorities, and appear to act with 
mystery.' Your translation of the same 
sentence reads: "The establishment of 
asylums for training up children by the 
Romanists has hitherto not been reported 
to the authorities, and as these institu- 
tions are carefully kept private,' etc., etc. 
From the English version of the accom- 
panying note from the Yamen, it is evident 
that the Chinese Foreign Office recognizes 
that there are in China Christian mission- 
aries of different faiths ; for they say that 
'the people in general, unaware of the 
difference which exists between Protes- 
tantism and Catholicism, confound these- 
t*o religions under this latter denomi- 
nation.'" 

The sectarian views of' the minis- 
ter in Peking were ably seconded by 
his subordinate, the consul-general 
« Shanghai. That official, Mr. G. 
F. Seward, under date August 22, 
187 1, sends to the Assistant-Secretary 
of State a cursory review of the gen- 
eral condition of China, and a de- 
tailed account of the horrible massa- 
cre of Tientsin, June 21, 1870; 
with a report of the trial and execu- 
tion of some of the miscreants en- 
gaged in it. His communication, as 
might be expected, is, whenever 



possible, thoroughly anti-Catholic, 
filled with inuendoes, insinuations, 
and even broad statements against 
the missionaries of that faith, and the 
Sisters of Charity ; the usual elegant 
phrases " Romish" and " Romanist" 
being used at every opportunity. As 
a sample of this commercial agent's 
style and skill in the art of hinting a 
fault and hesitating dislike, we quote 
the following passages from his let- 
ter: 

" Various allegations have been made 
against Roman Catholic missionaries. It 
has been alleged that the bishop of one 
of the western provinces resides in a 
palace which vies with that of the viceroy ; 
that he uses a palanquin decorated in a 
way allowed only to the highest officials 
of the empire ; and that his progresses 
from one part of his diocese to another 
arc made in a regal way. It has been 
asserted that the priests claim the right 
to correspond with the officials on terms 
of equality ; that they combine with and 
arrange combinations among their con- 
verts to defeat the objects of the govern- 
ment ; that they claim for their converts 
various unusual and objectionable im. 
munities ; that, in fact, they are building 
up a rule within the territorial rule which 
is very dangerous to the state. One who 
has studied the history of the Roman 
Church cannot be surprised when he 
hears that China is seriously alarmed ; 
but we can estimate the actual danger 
more perfectly than she. Any exposition 
of her fears which she is likely to make- 
will exhibit many puerilities. Yet we 
must admit that her statesmen would be 
unwise if they should fail to study the 
problems which the presence of the 
church presents." 

So much for some of our diplomats 
in Asia. If they had been sent out 
by the Methodist missionary body 
or any other fanatical society, they 
could not have shown more narrow- 
minded bigotry or less regard for the 
advancement of religion and true 
civilization ; but as representatives 
of this republic, where all arc re- 
garded as equal, and where the 
general government is supposed to 



I3« 



.-in Abuse of Diploi . thorily. 



represent the interests of every class 
anil creed alike, it is not too m 
to say that they have been Badly tc- 
creant to the trust in them. 

. og ova (he pages of this vo- 
luminous collection of foreign corre- 
spondence from all parts of the world 
with the 1 >c|iartmcntof Slate, wecame 
ujxrn the following curious ■' 
It is dated Mexn <>. 1 87 1, 

signed by our minister, Mr. Thomas 
II, \ ul referred to in the in- 

dex as '• .id of Protestant 

"The Protestant movement in Mexico 
has for the pan year been making consid- 
crable progress, chiefly owing «o the efforts 
of the American clergyman. Rev. II. 
Chaunccy Reilly. a letter from whom 
ID this subject was fen me, 

forming an enclosure to my No. 38, of 
Aflgll HP* about 

Mcxi. 

.111 equal or grc.n lend 

i-iioui : lie- i MB 

■ nill meet la privai 
though in tome small pi.' 

tin a numerics! majority, and 
have, therefore, jcq in nil possession of the 
parish churches. In tin-; t m through the 
elTorts and personal liberality of Mr. 
\y, the Protestants have acquired two 
line churchesof (hose which were secular- 
ised and sold by the government some 
5 eats since j one of these is the former 
convent of San Francisco, the most map 
ntfii 1 js the first one erected in 

now being repaired lor its 

new n ■ Tboothat li the commodious 

ebureo ol s..n ■■. 

baring been 1 p i.iiuii, w.-is 

dedicated to the Protestant servi< e 
Sunday, the 23d lasOUU, 111 the presence 

a Immense multitude. Two or three 
I'm. is of some prominence 

have, within the past two or three months, 
Joined ill- Protestant communion, and 
two of tbem have ventured upon the de- 
cisive step of n One of the re- 
Father Manuel Auguas, 
quern preacher of the Do- 
I1.1 - become the pastor of 
(he DS« Church. This event has caused 

* rtgoi in 

this city ; the two papers considered es- 



pecially Catholic have been felled 
attacks up is me 

mem. 

tance or even ot good-wilt ton 
Protestants. I enclose 

1 ion tins subject from the 7'w, 
.. of tod.11 Ira from 

. and written by M. Ignaeio ! 
Allamtrano, who Is 1 I as 

•1 the Mexican literary writers of I 
present day. Yours, etc." 

This is the entire communicati 
• her subjects being touched upc 
but the matter seems of so much 
nee and of so great national 
tcrcst as to mmot the sapient 
Nelson in making it the basis 
tpe» i.ii i (ficia! despatch. 

IB tlic: envoy of the Unit 

States, or a commissioner ap 

by sonic Bible or tract society 

report on the " spread of ProteStant- 

iii the neighboring republic, or 

. he unite the two characters in 
in ? Does he receive 
the public money for the 

Rev. H. Chauncey Reill; 
mitting his diatribes and the effusions 
of a certain M. Altaroirano for pre- 
servation in the archives of tlic na- 
tion ? If so, it is time the public 

1 1<1 know it. Mr. Nelson's letter, 
however, explains an incident that 
occurred in Washington a few years 
since. It was this: the mission to 
Mexico was vacant, and it was ap 
plied for by a gentleman c 
qualified for the post. He was thor- 
oughly educated, knew the Span 
language well, and had served with 
high tank and marked distinction 
during the late war. He was ap- 
pointed by the President, and iiis 
nomination by the Senate was ut 
by several influential citisens, includ- 
ing the then Secretary of State, the 
late Mr. Seward. The committee of 
the Senate refused to report his name 
favorably, and, to the query 

of the writer what objection could 1 



A Ltgtnd of S. Martin. 



rrted against the applicant, a leading 
■auof n tood 

In to be a lent (meaning 

pc» Hie policy of 

lan, like rhat of m 
»<i«rs at the national capital, was not 
to send a Catholic to a '. 

who would report on the 
- »prcad of Protestantism," and di 
lets, find materials for his despa:. 

r must we blame the govern- 
on:.' their injudi- 
cious sectarian appointments. Its 
v arc but the reflex of popular 
cyaton, and, as long as we tolerate 
iid proscription in our popu- 
lar ejections, we must expect that 
those who are supposed to represent 



1 



us will follow the bad example thus 
set them. The fault hitherto has 
.. partly our*, and I ly is 

in own I This remedy 

ists in discountenancing all sub- 
sidized newspaper rjd dema- 
gogues whose abuse and • 
prevent gooil men from filling the 
national and state councils; in tram- 

nil reli- 
gious prejudices, an ibly vot- 
ing against those who would n 

•item ; ami by supporting for offi- 
ces, bosh at l: only 
(hose who will attend to the 
business, and let sectarian mission- 
aries and ad of Protestant- 
alone. 



A LEGEND OF S. MARTIN. 



ArtTR many strifes ami battles, 
and ; been for years 

A'U: and 

Egypt, ■ and Macedonia, 

to « ned and 

;hc West, Grattan, had 
appointed him.Thcodosius I., the Ro- 
man emperor, returned from Thcssa- 
lonic-a, I t headquarters, to 

Constantinople. 

The day was cold and stormy, and 
many a f the emperor's suite 

wrapped ha i cr around 

tin-. il the snowilakes 

Ifld faster, covering the 
road quickly in the white mantle of 
* inter. 

Tl»eiroop had Just entered a 
Tillage, when the en 
wu stopped by a man miserably 
clad and trenV. > old 

etention, Theo- 
do»i 

of hi* »teed, and ikw past the wretch- 
ed beggar. 



But a knight called Martin, from 
Pannot lollowcd next, halted 

and looked pityingly upon the poor 
trembling form. Willingly would he 
liave given him money or cl 
but a soldier seldom has much to 
give, and, except ind coat, the 

knight possessed nothing. O 
iv.ent only he reflected, and the 
next he drew forth nil rword, and 
cut in two the large cloak hanging 
over his shoulders. Handii 
one h eggar, and v» i 

himself closely in tfa 
lowed the emperor with lightning 
speed, without listening to the words 
of blessing which fell from li. 

of th ;nt. 

After the sun had set, the emperor 
and bdsfollon tretook quarters for the 

All I 
Martin also had laid himseli 
and soon was fast asleep. Shortly, 
however, he 1V.1 a, if his eyes were 







Xar Publications. 



M.min — " I have chosen tliee hence- 
:':->. :d be my servant. Until now 
zijuhist been a blind heathen : thou 
&xl: r. ?w become a shining light in my 
irr.y. V-i up thy sword : thou shale be 
x •:' iier o: i}od.'' And then Martin 
k-j-v :'".it it was the Lord himself 
-••"- • =y;ke to him. 

As ar.;e". kissed the mantle's bor- 
li; — izi Martin awoke. 

~'.i tnorr.ing broke. He rose 
■■;w»"j\ ~A left the place, never 
7ss.:~z. "ever stopping, until he had 
-si :"• j- i z'.'.t portal or." a cloister ; there 
:; i.~. .•>:<«■! ar. ! entered. 

>"-t. '".e became famous for his 
I :o'. -.-« ar.: piety, and, as bishop, 
«r i< Iv.s Master with spiritual rather 
:.-.:.: SMuru* weapons. 



".v'A'l ION'S. 

a- ••■ :•; : .• t< that which every one else 

: •„■ «o:'J denies them to be, and 

•.'. . : •■; the!: professions to the entire 

. .! .. .-. i-story. tradition. and even com- 

h.M v.'.i.vf. Our Ritualistic fiicnds have 

■ ■ -;r; :or anything in the past, pre- 

». .. .-. ..rate bat themselves, and, there- 

•_• • ,-v .-anr..?: be reasoned with. Their 

:.• ■•■♦.ii house may be a stopping-place 

j . kc :.': honest hearts, but no sin- 

;• v v. :•! can rest there, for Almighty 

v..-o ■•<.■•«: leaves the true in mind with- 

.-... . te assistance of his grace or the 

.»•.• .•; tSr:: natural faculties. We com- 

hv -k! '.''. < book to all In the Anglican 

...•iir;:u:' .on who desire to look facts in 

v '.tee or to save their souls. And we 

,Vjt •■! a! charily to tell them thai thejr 

. ,'• •.■; ».l»c their souls without sacrifice. 

; ••„•» i»re:er to keep this world, they 

„ '.•■.o the next. There may be in our 

. . ■<■!'# clear and bright presentation of 

• v.'-.uvlhilig that may seem to them 

1 1 «,■» ol seveie. We can assure them 

. m: t'l.'ie is no kinder heart than that 

... ,»ui distinguished friend, the author; 

>,•; ho has such keen perceptions of right 

.in J wiv'iig that he cannot fail to put. 



New Publications. 



>39 



aha u Ulag effect, the alisutdity of their 
■I^mmi position. And deny il 

. the whole woill 
^^^Bkra tlvr inc.irisister.icv of their 

Kind 
a pur thetn. wiiile worldly people 
>*af> *' tnem. 
•a*f- the theory thai the tnt 

in be divided, which is 
• cbbc: la teems, they claim to 

Mining that con f< 
.e no brandies. Then, they ate 
MM naopli J branch, but a brant k ef tt 
branch of which they 
baas ;art renounces them, and cast 
-t he cast out. 
Bhrr, the Church of England, does not 
I -s these he r children do. 
hanif 
Itotcr las:. e»ei: rig else fails. 

. to apostolical ordi- 
Sartrtp. whom they will hare a 
though there is do proof wtlM- 
1 Uui he was one. and while In- I 
Ideated the necessity or thr th 
anient of order. " If scli 
[rarnaan says. " depends on t- • 

of the Episcopal order, thera 
»■ ill be a 
e as likely to be 
■pled as pnests. Ilui the ttulli is, 
trended to any apostolical 
r.glish Church until 
IB* Dfcsaeaiers became so strong that, out 
•J o;.-, •: i or. to tbern, " a few Anglican 
aaaisxc* began to talk of preter- 
it, diinag several g< ihcy 

had treate-' as a jest and 

to iiarluw, an I 
ea«Id •: • :~n\e with orders ; and, a' 
Ida; tu C cannier, with grave." Than was 
ad pretence of any doctiiDC of pi 
hood so the part of Itra/rstaAn of the 
Ckairn of England, and sorely llicsa in- 
itil.ger.t men ought to have known 
ttey iateciies] to Jo Hooker is one of 
tocir f i r ■ 

tcmn I: mdi- 

aati 'C about to appear I. 

<K*d. bo seat— i 

ter — fc;t id ac- 

rs-ytr I liven ; 
•basse iji. - 

CaaraMae > I no 

pemwt to «i»r 

"I of 

•» raata- clear .' observes Itlihnp 7 
a* t>t . 



•sa Aitaeit *t bU aval anas las net css.it of «pla- 



, . •locale i.-- ■ in '.;■ i ■...■• . . taonta 
be »t • book in Ji-r-.. 

V. gava. n;i Ihi luesuon Bhei 

MHl 

ur iwnii 'iax- 

• tun.' And 
tkls »»a the Uncuafi ■ had 

written Ike won tataest apolosfca i*f episcopal 
en vera aient. Ta*r ne>«f aueeipted to maintain 
Ual the (postotlcal cKeesaloa mimia ■ 
the Intceiltyot a church. Thus Bmulull ■»<, 
wiri ajre : ' The orillaaLkw <t on 

. .1 In:! ihc 
royal sanction; "and *. I t of it. t»o 

tiasesoaaan'afavot. - Aaarewc* n a =..rc im- 
ports*! witness. Thu-.gb KiUialiats BUM 
approve his mlno i icnoa to that tofcaat Lheolo- 
clan, Juan I, b* b still hcla in honor n 
then aa •lnin.t ■.-. 
icitardcd a-« ihc in 

Vet AoIkwct, on llicit owo pnndplasi waa an 
Bagvant a betrayer ol the doctrini oi the 4 brts. 
tian priesthood, if he ever hi'. I it. o. II 
aiumlf, or even as llailuw or Vi'hlltsker. II* 
not only gave the AaaUtaui hacrarau q 
Prulcslanl, Isaac I luuboo, but rvdatatt . 
Braids, with imcMratoaxil ami api.i 
cjaeace, that In- *Jag 

il« latest btcat* the atnrUsl tewlmrf lh« 
( .Ivmlataof Goaava ' 

lii' M it will 

..iJcr. and 

1 1: Ol ii I i '• short 

in " The 

y ami Mnilitrn Tliou,-.!: I ." is pattictl- 

crneial age in 

l« by the n 
low thinkers who, according to [hi Ian- 
guagc of the apostle. ■ ptrasrsalt 
;o be wisr : 
We bespeak for this most 
and instinctive book a large cl 
and many attentive readers, snho will 
unite with us in ibaakiag t' 
pllahi 

lhe?j- have received '. • iJod 

I 111 hi pBtHBBJ liicli 

to do good v.-itli bli able 

The following letter ol i M 
reeling a mistake inia ,,ii..ii be bad Call- 
ippeared In the London T.iU.-t of 
■ 

"MR. LBCRT AND MY CLUtlCAL 

" fa tkr F.dtler »/ 

1 ara aaaurr r Mr. I-«ikT. 

the well-knoMn author ot" thr histories of Kx~ 
thnMlbm In F.artfi aad of I 
thai 1 blffa mlionilrtiC'iioil a |n '-^-£o l'i tin 

had writes 

owl, alt. 

. init-ir. and avail, Id spll lhalBl 

;.iin!ul to a I 

lhatlodohli arhleh 

aa Citholic uiivht to to :<rourp«- 

ta*«on, tharefcra, to make the fcilowinr i 

astfaa. 






MO 



Publications. 



- TW Baa ta « > wa.e b I ass said » have t=i*un- 
dancood iiiiv ' Hid the Irith |-ea*aula bc.-a 
Ira* cfcuca, they wnnl.l hive bee* Bote iirotpcr- 
urn*. Had teat tearful lui i the i>r«- 

: craUry drmlated the land, fallen upon a 
»av>tbe/»fbt tnoreof aceumulaimj: m.s- 
r them <A avoiding tin. multitude* mbjM 
•oar be tiring who j-crltbcd br literal <Urvi. 
oon." laaopretlng these wurdt by tb« li. : 
ashar ttateavtntt of the um aulme*. aad sspaca- 
amfr by h a ■ms n s ta M as e ru that • a/rivr/ it pert-apa 
the Mcbm avMlte u> i. huh nunn cam al 
th«T tee tied b> me. u ihtT teemed to all » h run 
I kaie been aide lo ■ «•! only one 

•seaning. I wsa nilit»l 

I am learn, 'that the habit of marly atarrtages 
aa a nation it detrimental in its economical pros- 
per «y.' I am Imrthct r.oun.U.1 thai Mr Lecky 
hat trrieen adinlrabty oo the graee o4 tail 

> la un a ia» I nth cation, and couM t»«. 
OWrt-itee, bar* «lihed to say that tin it a leaa 
rrB than famine and di 

"I am tco familiar ■ if« cf Mr. 

I*c bar* na4 aor« thai eact, mad 

aiaaytwlit extreme Interest, not Ifl 
bit great moral lupeiiuiity over the con:. 
eary school of Ralk-naUui. The study of hit 
hooks his even treated »>nal 

aymi;«Uiy (01 the trftll 

Ibioi 1 bar* manll ■ ling. 

Hut :t 1 have dune hini . the rata ra> 

Icricil !■>. I reRtct that he did mil more carvfu llr 

gaud bin II i"m a m)a!p{<rabtnmton whirti 
waa purely invol . late which others 

fafl arkoaliaram. EaodOTtvad 

abethy. I bar* only to add tin:. II the apportu. 
eity should occur, I will suppress ibe passage to 
aikieb Mi I ula ha»e called my atten- 

tion. \inirt lailhin 

"Tlic Auruox or ' Mv ClASCAL PbUJVMu' " 

By Henry Edward, Atcbbisruip «if 
n Edition. Vi I 
II. New York : The Catholic Pi 
cation Society. 1S73. 

1 hampion nf the faith 
is once more in the field. In ih» pit 
volume, the great Archbishop of England 
p»ev If in thai hi' 

. 

the defender of the tight? and doe:- 

maintained and promulgated l:v Pins IN 

in Die face of his enemies anil of - 

ti in nl or misgu Ml 

friend*. The sermon* are not all new 

ones, since they nags i" UnM from 1866 

lo I*; collected lliey make 

• now 1 hole out of previously separate 

to one great theme. Um 

11 Holy Sea tad the church as 

,"ii< system of mod- 

The masterpiece of the 

■ rer, the Introduction. a 

Irwiil aliln arid •loqueni analysis and con- 

. of the re vol u- 

-in ill aims at 

11 . .. CI utch 

•■xluflli'i relltlm. Atchliishop 



Manning has done immense servic 
religion, and hi* power seems to 
been continually ami steadily |i 
since he li :hc lists as a ck 

pion of the 1 1 

in, he was one 
those who contributed most efllcaciou 
to the preparation of the greatest 
of this age. the definition of In 
"I Papal In .by which 1 

r o! ih 11 

fal"- coodeanaei 

bus of jRtjj, was destroyed. Duiing'j 
sinci iled 1 

errors tilth niual ability and cour 
and seconded the great Pop*, who I 
fills the place of Christ on the ear 
re-ec' livine harmonies of I 

doctrine through the ?eak 

1 It is most Important that all 1. 
■'•oiouehly I 
with this pure and saving doctrii 
1 ich alone is contained, not only 1 
:>on of the soul, but of sound 
of nations, of society, and of 1 
M Interacts. We know of no 
lUgfe antd petfeci Interpreter of 
IX., ih'- infallible teacher of the natu 
' English language, as the Ar 
;i of Westminster. His 

'eciilly to i 
Circulated and read among the educ 
laity, as the exposition of that tr 
which, is the special isitidote to the 
errors of the times. They arc cspeci; 
ibte for t!.is purpose, because 
■ ic writings of a bishop; ami it 
to the p. 1 church, an I 

cially to the cb past 

to whom is con ,, n ly 

of teaching the faithful personally, 
of giving to i!i 

dinate clergy and of learned laymen 
only can u'tioo which the* 

possess, that the laity are to look for 
instruction in sound doctrine under the 
supreme authority <i? llie Holy See. 

The private op: - Ol :i bishop have. 

Indeed, no more weight than is given 
then by their ai; re value. This 

is always very great in the writing! 
Archbishop Manning, who is acciittomcd 

Hut 3 

:ieater meiit of hit writing* ii found 
In the fact, that be never obtrudes his 
private opiniens as Catholic doctrine, 
or goes beyond the mark placed by the 
authority of the. church or the common 

i.ug of approved theologians. 



licatioHs. 



pea be avoid extenuating, bat be 

f avoids exaggerating statements 

I rine. And. 

t.ui;U ol uncompromising 

. .■.!■:■ \r con- 

.'. rebels ajainst 

•atboi He and 

errors nay, 

■ model for 
B-ao ululeilakc [lie adVOd 

. .iic op- 

■ 

i ot the church In ihe li 
U»-> lliomas.: 

Drawn 1mm (he 
Go*; • : I 

»■«*»<•• 
TW • licaliun & 

;. to all 
■bo with to »;ictnJ ibe seat-or. 
o nd oimily with ilac Spirit tod 

ril- 

•j, an aii of tc- 
teciiy ard c. about llio 

book arhicb «■ 

in r>e '.';•. 

f<enn:t 11 undrrstoc-J b) ilic cliuich : 

• Cii.i.!- ' weeteal fJeuuie 

Ikj.J li: ilcefc!'. m.;. 

•fflw lypoetltes, 

Idien 
oa A ifc VTiiiImii'i 

lie a 

I ■: OP Tlta 

o« the ' 

and F-diled 

Gian the Archbishop 

in Ihe 

Sand Sixth 

'loo: 

y Th* Catholic I m So- 

volumes of ibis 
may be looked ' 

The 

«-c hare seen nothing 
coo. : i such a work is need- 



ed who will deny ? For if any one 
ought to Dicdilatc.it is a pricsl ; ami bow 
few books of n: oui language 

are at all what he wants ! Of (be 
sent compilation, then, his . 
Archbishop of In his pre- 

fatoria) letter to his clergy, says : " In de- 
dicating to you this first part of So 

I '.l/Utti ftr tki Cirrjry. I need only 
odd that >[ is x hook held in high esteem 
at Rome. Having found by the ex i 
ence of many years Its singular i IX 
lencr, its practical piety, its ahum!. 
of Sciiptuie, of the fathers, and Ol 
dcsl ::rs. I have thought that 

It would be an acceptable and valuable 
.'■n to your books of devotion." 
After this recommendation, let us r.im- 
i xpress a wish that the woik i 
become known to every priest who sj>- 
the English language. And again let us 
thank thu good Oblate Fathers lor one 
of ihe most estimable services Ihcy have 
ever dune fol icl 

■ 

n slated fii 

by M. K. face by Ills 

Grace ilic . p of West.;. 

. m Bonn I I (New 

York '-iiMlca* 

i • :i ■ i 

ih.it 

. a single one of tv I. 
the devout soul for a wh 
There is nothing stiff and fornul. no;. 
meagre, nothing dr. together 

nur- 
self, now with God or the saints- there 
is a deep |..tnlosophy In a very simple 
guise. We an itcfol 

U addition to llooal 

literature. 

Tut: ' AT Cot" 

New York J. A. MeG M 

This clcvery'rn e'tifrit is by tlte bn : 
of Dr. T. \V. M. Mai 

of 111' 

twdiYtiif. It is a little coat!'' 
parts, too much so for our taste, and in 
this respect in • I moral Cftw«fy, 

li was unexceptionable in that nj" 
l ••less, it has a great like- 
ness i ils salient points to that 
rcm.i i cc of loj ism. 
The s unansw. I very 
cleverly put ; and terrible *s the ndiculo 



Nino PubliealioHS. 



a which is heaped on the Janus clique, 

'i nerer was 
■ well a* de- 
tectable tiislr: ; ■■ xong 

■l of here- 
■•■<« hinad 

agai ■ it i E • ■ ■' ■ 

Councils. \V 

ibai uctad 

by ihli 

Scuta Eli Ufa and Letters 

of a Sitter oi Charity. lialiunorc: J. 
Mi 

memoir was a 

French lady of not, brought Dp a Pro- 

loataot, but converted in ewtjr life to the 

otic faith. It is an interesting, cdi- 

• and well-written. mwc!1 as beauli- 

fully printed, little book, not at all com- 

•s of un- 
usual incidents told in the clurnune. 
style which belongs to modem En 
litcratute of the : 

Tbeie is something very attractive in 
the I c wben unperrerted 

by tc ly. The eni 

. ->R:I (111! ■■■■ into 

iptivalltlg 

oldot MMHW. And the higher ■ 

I scale, the more dc- 
.apparently, do these traits become. 
. prosper- 
iele- 
KrtO 'ting a Fi- 

kilties into higher t 
igiom ordets, many illustrious 
;>le* of this remark may be found 
— of men brought up in case and afflu- 
liavo adopted the mortified life 
Ties, braved CTcry d; 
courted death itself, I mid 

rtty ban 

of the laic w-.it alone aroul 

. ; i, |l< - .11 |hl 
1.1(1 

QCW, 

lean for the delicate and 

In i i 
cognlcc ibe same winning 
to which kc bay I Of high binli, 

s)m Ii miiU 

ful ambition few ».. alios 

and charity. The na 
endeared to thooghl I through 

it Gmriu 



we lean to appreciate a char 
full as much through the produ 
the subject ns by the pori: 
will receive new hut re horn lac 
of another saintly nearer. Sue! 
though simple, 
fication to those who follow in the 

. as well as those whose • 
though lying In the it-arid, 

Hr the Kct. H. , 
Bai New York: D. & J.! 

Ikr 

Thi* book is of small sire, but i 
important lure 

It is clear, Ic 
sound, and written in a good 
an anlidoto to the wivtclicd. poison 
: sold tinder the name of pliitos 
ilhlng In! methodical I 

must do good if il is trad and undv 

The l 
happy lntellrriu.il ■.. out 

which 

knowing noihink. and SI 
often 

know n ■■ . id all 

WI ate Si) in:i n ■ 

u'l ki: 

hcrg •■■ 

Di. Bcann will ^ivc ■ 

. 

t, Sh; 

Strap By :t,aui 

of ■' 

Robettt Brother*. 187*. 

1 i.i 

. i Ij |o .ill that one 
abroad, it certainly Is not agreeable, 

. least of it. .leal 

In a book of travels, to find that nothing 
Is considered true, or even woi 

ie <s«/A»r believes in (t. A 
al S. Mark's, Venice, is described 
in |hl patriarch ■■■ 

old soul .u red silk, even to lilt 1 

holy pocket-handkerchief; and the 

ice appeared to consist in six purple 

priests dressing and undressing him like 



Publications. 



143 



while a doien white gowned 

i 

Pavia, 

. . 
..;h work lo be liont 
loot! 

.c. In ill* dc- 
11 of part* of the 
i. . '-Igwl 
liopc would get 
icrjr wet, be a 
i.'.y scared by the 
|m no.li-4 ibe Christmas 

i tlie 
: ir a 
miles old 
. t !>■ M.i 
i ike Mime chant 

I'OOk 

:tlt ii'i'inm, 
iter, when 
ig* throagh 



a Father il 

Baltimore : Join Mnr- 

:le book. » 

• ■ en body we had 

i-r on- 

ttuc cxpo- 

i our 

tad, Jadalgent. bcBcfi 

l oves as w« 

»fed before. We do 

:. this tittle l 

ha*. .iid a 

mis," and 

not bare been a fool 

«•«!• [OoU. 

her than ' 

-oiingal- 

TMl 

nd tjat ■afoqoently 

BJtucru 












dispensation, dog 

i he sees I ,-.e:n 

judge, ar. -, he 

I a being 
whoii not but love. Id rcry 

liulu olf must love much. 

or he con i itc so elo< 

diunc lore. 

To al with a filial 

■ •I love him as | 
Fmlbc .% t 

means ol v;ir confidence 

and . 

w, who n 
only ■ i. wo prescribe tbc 

Ihl beH ren 

who nam to get a 

; common Falhcr,we 

I retpectfully suggest ibe careful 

o» this : i :l it 

auScicmly scriptural and si 

sim;i' :es. 

W. ; rrhaps. pay tbe publish- 

er* a higher compliment than by saying 
thai ll • is la every iray worthy ol 

LCCTVMl UVU. Doci Kl 

AH I tOLlC 

i.il Wise 

iita. 

: to the oni- 
Vs works 
Mr. CTSfaei 
rimed from the - 

'll hereto- 
>. Co. 
1 1 It a id p-crma 

nolic 
.vet 
now 
i 
I 

ago, whi *;* suffice 

considerable I tad Hi - 

: <*d. 
iioncc which he ad- 
ilicy were dowl. 
I 
dercd DM iinens of 

i author's style, 
i looking over Cardinal 
man's works, by the fart of tli 



rm jocncc in the varied fields of research 

and discussion — ai if lie bad made each 

a special I en tie CSnhmt* 

lieu ef Science ■■ », delivered the 

preceding I a posl- 

in the fro- *otks deroied 

to that subject, and may I I ave 

neobsolci 'fee 

piesenlcd new phenomena an;] 

irhile the pres- 
ent WOtk has remained, to our thinking, 
most exhaustive poem illion 

of Catholic doctrine in th« languagc. 
1 1 is raoru elaborate historical a-: 

| ■ have attracted marked MMM 
and bcea thought worthy of p 
id separate volumes, while lib 

Itm works have enjoyed 
almos: universal faror. His /jfiWi 
k-sscdly stands at the head of I 

la. It is a little remarkable thai 
Tie - m, and one of the most 

acute criiicjuci of the day upon Shake, 
spcare. should have been the produ. 
of one who it is fair to infer scarcely 
ved an acted drama. 
T.'ic mm l.cjse has brought out in 
similar style lb* torn en lie OJf- 

tei enJ Cerrmtniei ■■ i by llie 

same author, which wo hope will prove a 
valuable aid to the intelligent panicipa- 
m the devotions of the present sea- 
Tlic interest in the Lectures Is en- 
J by the fact that they were de- 
red at Rome, an J relate to the cere 
monies in the Papal chapels. 

Catholic Publication Soeic- 

l a few days, from advance 

new work by the author of ,V» 

i"ed Cittrti Dt/ntte : 

H en fie Ttetent IXtnteti ef tie 

wtk. 



Ah Ekkob Rkctiitiio. 

CW ef lie E.Ul*r ,f Tie GfttMtc ll'erU. 

Ah error in respect to a mailer of 
Catholic faith into uhich Ihe author of 
an article In ourlasi I di-enem- 

ly fall, and which escaped my notice un- 
til it was too I ie any earlier 

l urc » no 10) make the pre- 
IB, I do It for llio sake of 
lh.0 reverend gentleman who I 




verted upon this erroneous stall 
for olhcrs at a distance win 

I know personally th< 

lenient bor 

icanisin" being admitted 

World with the k! 

ir. The passage In 

'ollows. and is found 01 

i can wonder if the Chun 

I mergency. Jeltgalei I* erne 

i *be Can no longer collec 

in peace ?" The mistal 

r, arte is a lay Catholic* 

i* very esctu il 

:ie doctrine of ill 

exclusively wii 

ibe editor in the absence of 

ttckcr. If any state 

rwjr lo Catholic doctnn 

theology in allowed to pass In j 

it is by accident, and any revcr 

man or layman who notices an 

the kind will oblige me by s> 

communication to me directly, 

-i. Any such com m 

I.' due attention fro* 

hi Ihe editor-in-chief, whel 

towa and able to attend per* 

if bis omce. In thii 

lion, I take occasion to rem 

another worthy clergyman, cm 

known to me, who has recently* 

himself as aggrieved by lite ret 

The Cam. ; :on I 

wholly misapprehended their I 

article* on this subject wr 

appeared have been generally * 

' '. or prepared under my i 

1 line no hostility except ng 

wicked parly which tyrannize* 

Catholic people of Italy, and un 

pleasure have admitted the let 

Italian missionary, pleading il 

of his country, to ihe column: 

Catholic Would. It is llie a 

editors oi TkbCathouc Woan 

it Catholic in lis . ton* 

and courtesy, as well as or 

doctrine, and ii remember th 

crmes those who proles*. a spec 

to the Holy Father M 

«i'/his admonition* 

i i .. ... :i ha | are tuck an 

by lhoi« win t aealoti 

aulbc: 

AtousnstF. Htv 



r na\ \# 





THE 



ATHOLIC WORLD. 



VOL. XVII., No. 98.— MAY, 1S73. 



THK F.VOI.l iF LIFE.* 



>n of the origin of spe- 
1— the question, namely, whether 
rtgcublc and animal spedei now 

■tody of it* strata ire know to lie 

-rie in the Ik; ailed 

<iivc 

t and substantially with the forms 

■ 

from ulliei 

nnscsscn- 
o«n, in 
dies-. d Uw — is one upon 

larwinpubl 
lis book u 
aabfect, now about twe 
1 lias 

answer gi 

baa been misunderstood 

:0 WOU]<] 

quire in what 



precise 



menu 



-u-.-u 



nd how mui 
lined; what 






Uenfy I 



or series of facts, if admitted, it was 
incompetent to throw light upon; 
and whether thci 

botanical or :li<:t 

and 1 1:. 11 

been 1 ■>, in ill I'Ctlr- 

■m mvlation, and that by two 

a i on the one hand, by 

V the reason 

they knew DOIbillg of ■ mi 

were therefore not in a way to decide 

the Bible and the theory 
development arc compatil 
each other; anil, on the oilier, by 

Ivocatea 
lianity, because frequently they knew 
nothing of s- ge n er a l" 1 

of this and the precise 

and worth of Dai 
twer to it in partii alar, ti 
hare been at fault hat a 

science— theology, Catholic theol 

nee— of « 
knew nothing did not hamtoi 

its of which they 
an; 

the latter, in I 



iBOTfilla. to Xtt M Cm*?**, I" -Mr real :'. H«wia.la 

mr UbcanUI »i Cooji<».»l Wellington. I> C 






Tltt Evolution of Life. 



tinctly the grain of troth or of cer- 
tai i in ihe specula! 

of Darwin. 

l«cstion is an interesting one, 

anil has gly called forth a 

-literatui' any, 

France, and Italy. Mr. Chapman's 

book is, wc believe, the only one 

rofesscd- 

i the ad\ the 

theory that, to use the author's own 

words, •* the development of the 

her forms i rom the 1 

bat been brought about by natural 
selection, and that man 
ed uom a lower extinct form of which 
the gorilla and chimpanzee arc 
newest living lepra " — 

i is Darwinism pur 
and ■ ught to be ihed 

from the more general theory of 

ilution." Tiii 
l>ook has been pul 

and that we wish to saj tnfa 

on the question whii h .1 In its, ami 

of that 
tjn revealed religion, co 
lute its no I on our attention ; 

r die Kyle of the writer nor 
the lucid ich 

less its originality, entitles it to any 
cuiai nonce, The work i* .1 
mere compilation, which, how-.- 
be of service to thoae irho de- 
nt shape 
the facts, and IC 'In- nature 

the Dar- 

When wc this, and that 

Mr. Chapman devotes a chapter of 

1 1 from zoolo- 

... rcspec- 

11 of Darwinism ; that 

r an elc- 

darly, or cogent .is tiny 

: lias foil. 

Go 

on of the : iha tin n 

there is even 1 a war- 

said all 



we wish to say about his 

upon it the high 
•. :n our power to best 
consistently with truth. 

What our views 1 
theory arc will appear in 

ply to SB] 
VOtds on certain doctrines di 
it by Mr. Chapman, 01 

.associate*! vftb it 
11 and others — doctrine 
v, arc not part and pa 
of it becav options in 1 

way countenanced by tacts. Thus, ] 

dcrstand that •' natural selection," I 
meaning of which wc will explain i 
a moment, does not imply the cxis 
ence of a "natural sell 

.. ithout any forced interpi 
may lie construed into a profe 
atheism. Nov |] sec a lit 

winian theory does not at 

1 ion. Aj; 
, p. 14, that life is only a 
"physical phenomenon," and that 
the nervou 1 produces ideas 

and all I if intelligence " — 

which is rank materialism. That 
Mr. 1 advocati m it 

no less plain, for he assures us that 

.!;[;.- i:: iH:ct:v-.ir;ly progressive. 

On i ige of his book, he dc- 

morals to be "duty to one's 
mfess that wc do not 
rstand how lie reconciles his 
; tion that vessarily 

prog! ii his definition of 

to us that, if neces- 
sarily moral, men will necessarily do 
their duty ; or rather, they w 
no duty to do, -mce necessity anil 
duty exclude each other, 
ing to this theory, there can be 
distinction between good and evil, 
and all the crin 
ted are tl 

• rigin. Indeed, the aul 
; ' '■■■•• md out- 



The i .• of Lift. 



en among the 

~ MO" :i the wor. 

became '.ially 

.:e llic r h lie 

• the 

• 

u: ; and in 

lings 
■■ 

.inst 
earl 

cities 
msec 
ended under this general 

ire cannot 
murder, . m any 

nut 

and 
his place among the I any 

however si 

n not produce 
•c cannot sec why 
he thou itinuc the 

; in other 
wot 

penult, passion, <: 
Dated by the agci" I se- 

in of nil i 

ex- 
■■ 
•"•atari! tdection " has develo] 

• 
ol if we i 

of moralit; 

cam*?. 

man, 

ate. 
! crial- 



iam, wc do not saj 

Dai ■■re have i • be- 

none of these — but of Mr. Chapti 
version of evolution. There is one 

:. on 
w hich Mr. of 

science, and the Q 

one — a )>oiiil of very 
grc. d because of 

fine 
the different e bet* 
the lis is not one 

do 

not re in 

full. What i that 

men .in, etc., 

It person 

l to ma! 

- to ap- 

I and the 
low differ in " .\ 

only in "degree " is not a 
of phenomena or appearance 

of noamrna, of essence, of 
do not grant that I 
app warrant the assci 

that man differs from the li 
i in nothing essential. I 
apfM uch 

lusion. But we maintain that, 

Whc' v, ,:i 

and his 1 1 ties 

of I 

the - 

lite 

known in w.i 
sen i . 

■ 

of 1 

: ileman in i uga- 









■41 



The Evolution of Life. 




well calculated to in- 
ruber than decrease the 
of prejudice against what 
there may be of truth in Darwinism. 
Among Use advocate-, of this, as of al- 
most all theories, the.--.- are extremists. 
Onr author seems to have gone to 
school to all of them, and swallowed 
all they told bun, no matter how 
paradoxical, no matter how little 
proof to substantiate it. On the other 
ham I, of all ■ been 

against pure Dam 
has been recorded by M I .an; 

and of those who, like Prof. Agassi/, 
do not agree with Mr. Darwin, or 
who, like St tieorge Mivart, have, as 
we thin V. theory blows fi 

lot recover, he does not 
make the smallcs" Yet it 

tad Mivart 
arc i to 1jc noticed by Mr. 

i Agassis is loo venen 

an.. ence to need any 

-traiion that his opinion on a ; 

tided to considcra- 
livart is, Wi t, a 

man; yet. if he 

by what he has the modal 
bn "little book," the Gt'Uiv. 
Siprasi, hi 

and 
II these 
hav.. 
their steel — and the latter of the i 

VVe ■ 
complete without a condensed his- 

Mr. 

med 

i his 

■tent «f 

Splits. . s as 

wtefl . in that it 

e as the best general an 
in our power to give 10 Mr. Chap- 
man and other writers of his ch.i 

Bet 6rst a few remarks on Dar- 



win's theory. It is only a the 
a mere hypothesis. Mr. Dar» 
does not pretend to have pro* 
it h::, es his ai. 

Mr. who seems 10 

taken Mr. Darwin and the Dam 
ian theory under his special prot 
.1 that it is proved. 
Bearing in mind thai the Dam 
tan theory is only a hypothesis, 
must estimate its we 

mate that of other hypothesc 
by its ah; 

facts of which it pretends to be 
solution. 

The Copemican system of astron- 
omy, ace, is only a hypothe- 
sis; yet, as "there is no known astro- 
nomical fact absolutely contradk. 
to it, wc accept it as true. If there 
were only one fact whii 

i in and could n a; above 

all. if there were one fact at variai 
with the hypothec ;. pothesb 

must give way, and the tact sla 
for one bet i> worth a thousand 
hypotheses, an I iu cases of 

kind, as Mr. Huxley says, as 
good 

x there, th the 

rinian theory at dei 
natural selection should explain 
does not? Mr. Huxley him 
there is one set of such facts — the 

« 
presently see, there are a great many 
others. 

.mist, 
but more than a scientist, a 

ViCO- 

logian as well, and therefore o n 
of ;. 

are 

entation 

the facts inexplicable by natural 

selection that i to 

the i 

lleman has done in his book bcl 
referred to, Th, 

Uvan's great merits 



Tin- Evolution of Life. 



e accord* to . in's 

the- He is 

ich a good 

■ rits, 

:ftwc competent 10 acknowledge 

<>c and point out the other. 

at .dl prejudiced 
-■tt Mr. or his the 

. art 
tis: the most tntCTCSt- 

ural 
-ce, which has been aexJ 

■ 

it is the 
■=!• theory ol the kind, 

let i. the Dai irin- 

•) is. 
In the words ol . ait it may 

Lc stated lb n 

kind of animal 
tends to increase in numbers in a 
geometrical jFroportiort. 

and plant 
neral liki 

• present 
id in any 

fast tune has been practically 

to endure 

ice. 

to geometrical 

iroal and 

is almost 

■■ . 
mum 



strayed. The 

i' may i 
represent nvenient 

. 

which 
theory thi upon. Here 

ire as enumerated by Mr. 
van. It explains: 

i. Some singi I 
the geogn phii 

■-, fur eacai 
the resemblance between tin 
present inhabitants of d .jru 

of the earth's surf... 

2. '■"' -in islands. 
we find animals closely rcscr.-.i 
andappi therj 
while, if certain of these 

signs of more . the 

■ it a 
com 

3. That •• " rudimentary structures ' 
also rece tion by mi 

of this theory. 
.(. •• Tii.-.t |]ii 

bat ■' thai remarkable 
of changes which animals undi 
before tl ill condi- 

development, 

same pro) 1 also gt. 

thrown on it from the same 

■ 

of that extra 

term'. 

To explain in 
jwrt of 1. i would 

ga- 

: 's own book, or to Darw 
ia. 

to those ; 



ISO 



TAf Evolution of Life. 



Darwin's theory is incompetent 
explain, and to the argument 

Mivart um them 

t. 'That 'natural' (election i* 
ompetent to account for the I 
piem stages ol ructures. 

i. •• : i loci not harmonize 

«iili the coexistence of closely simi- 
lar I origin. 
I'bat there arc ground 
sing that 
be developed sudden! I of 

4. ■■ That the opinion that sp 

it definite though very different 

limits to their varial ble. 

g •■ .ional 

forms ai !i might fa 

10 be present. 

6. " That soin 

ical distribution supplement other 
itic*. 

7. "That the objection drawn 

be- 
livc-ii '9] 

umefuted 

Our read ly under- 

BUn r indivi- 

originatcd b] 
I law, ami if that law be 

." the action of " natural 
selc: plain 

not only the prod': 
as a 

!i they have reached 

iiiiiui lltili : all 

a thereto. 
lOWS th.it 

1. :n u doel not at- 

lages 01 

licads of 

I whales, vcr- 

of the n 

ceUarias of e and ihui 

i ■!!- 



It v, :. require the 

g of Mr. Mi vart's book to folic 
him through all his fact* and ar| 
ments, and wc must beg again to reli 
the reader who would Btudjf the ma 
the br>ok itself. 
Am 
forward l> against tr 

san-.i is equally ••■. 

— objections that go to show that 
cannot be applied at least to the 
," at Mr has 

1 it. 
Here, again, every one wi 
if the human soul is no i by 

it, too, mu^t hare been gradually 
evolved tin D what, for lack of a more 
convenient term, though no; without 
protest, we must call an an. 
by the process of natural select 

therefore then is nothing in 
man's soul whi ipe's 

— the same faculties, moral and intel- 
lectual, in kind, dil 
grce. This quest inn Mr. Mivart 
[isscs in a bcj 
.ution and 
The result of the discussion 
thus sums up : 
1. •• Natural seU aid 

I. from the sensati 
• and pain c.v 
brutes, a higher degree of mot 1 
than was useful ; then >uld 

have pro >unt of ' benc- 

but not an abhorrence 
in acts aa impure and 
ful. 

;. "It could not have dcvclor. 
that high ester 
tenderness to the age : 
which actually exists, but wi 
rather ha\ ■ perpetuated certain low- 
ions which ol 
:ics. 
3. " It couhl n evolved 

from 

of a Marcus Aureliu*, or the loving 
but in uion of a S. lx>uis. 

l "That it alone could uot have 



Tfu Evolution cf Lift: 



'5> 



to the maxim, Fiatjusti 

-v.lt. 

I bat the interval between ma- 
:y is one Alto- 
oner to travi 

ut further shows 

tcic-.j at cx- 

-i is 
weral to us by Mr. Herb 

Sir John 
rod of simple 

tttTtiore utterly incapable of sob 

Our 

■ o demonstra- 

>f litem, liic one 

re animal be- 

■ 
eac wd, knowing 

. ilia*, by 
• one be developed from 
••c being no oncnt- 

remark t ; 
is other a: 

i rom 
^nd 

; <OSC 

• 

other waj 

jrc-iL-' on •* Darwinism and the 
ok« " the Rev. J. K 

in th.it philo- 
logy points to a diversity oi origin 
man and the Iowa . 

-rgues that the ultimate ete- 
. arc 
• 

fore 
:iguage. man 



eneralixe. Hence, also, Ian- 

nor man of the brute, since the 
: nor gener- 
alize. 

[jrart shows in his 
; •• Evoluti : hcolo- 

.u evolution and ere 
means exclude one auotHcr; and 
tiiat a i — Mr. M 

theory of 
evolution, an 

[laving "asserted ab- 

frindfki such as can perfectly 

harmonize . :ts of 

provided for the reception of ii 
ipecukttia 

1 omcdiiu a I.apide, and refers 
lit Suarcz, with the doc- 
trines I ■ :1 it Ii |" 

were create 
tialilcr lanlum. 

By tl lo not mean to msinu- 

but of this more hi i 

1 1 was not to I:. 

Mi van, in his i ism, 

00 opponents. 
;l to be attacked 
from rters, ami by two difli 

entc men: by those commit' 

ted I i hypothesis, in the 

first place; ai 

■ 
teteni it than for — as i 

pose — its 
Christian doctrine, and the sei 

on of the i 

.iter we arc compelled 

. ; 
good sci 

He replied to Ml 
his reply docs neither more nor less 






'5^ 



The Evolution of Life. 



than constitute himiclf the infallible 
teacher of all ma: supreme 

tiff of science, empowered to 
ik with audio: i matters 

ining to religion and philosophy, 
He hu 
commendable mod i, 10 tell 

Cat. t they ma] ..nd 

i tlicjr mn»t reject 1 1 interprets 
the Bible for them, cx|>ounds the 
teachings of the Fathcrsof the church, 
comments on the schoolnv.' 
their benefit ; 

the goo<'. ■ Let tin- 1 

bier stick to hii last," and ima; 
that, because he has learned a consid- 
erable amount about brains and sto- 
machs— dead brains and stom. < 
for the most part — he ran 
for the Christian world; that anything 
in heaven or on earth which be 
not weigh or 

he cannot bring the knilc. or the \ 
pipe, or the spectroscope to bear, docs 
exist, or exist otherwise than as 
ikes form in his own by no means 
humble mind. 

In his reply to Mr. Mivart, he vir- 
tually ]■ I all of the latter 

mi's scientific objections and 
fastens on his assertion th.it evi 
tion is at all t 
doci: 

Mr. M.v.-ut bad, as we have seen, 
refcrj Mi- 

v.ir: assures us, because, hi Mr. H 

a words, " the popular repute 

of that learned theologian and subtle 

list was not such as to make his 

-work'* a likely place ! for 

■ . hi." 

nine Mr. 

>i her 

he very modem doctrine 

inly abstract pro 

noiming with I my- 

chas 

thejr ly to 

take in U* theory of evolution. 



but any other theory of devd 

h may be yet adv 
Mr. Huxley assumed that Mr. Miva 
t to convey the impression tr 
1', Suarez wax ■ Darwinian or a 

could not well be, hi i <l son 

centuries too early U 
good-fortune. Having crec; 

,inhis M Mc 
-ltely 1 
work to demolish it, in doing whir; 
he left his way consider, 
questions on which Mr. Mh 
said a hatever, and which! 

the discussion are . lev 

as, for instance, the 
word "day" in the 
Genesis, as advocated by some 
thorii 

Mr. Mivart retorted through the 
pages of the Conttmforar, 
derm 

Dent ni 1 1 . i a perpetual 

direct ere 

" that the principles i co- 

logy arc such as no f to ex. 
theor ; |o 

r it" H i again from 

n that thai eat- 

ing ol ion that individuals of 

kinds like the mule, leopard, lynx, el 
roust have been created from 
beginning, expressed the view I 
the • icemed to him more 

asserting the 
that those kii 
arc potentially a 
not i ipp iscd to be dire 

Mure tl 
this, Mr. Mivart shows that the 
same authority rcco 
bility that cert 

world by ( 
Our readers already kno . 

were the \ 
matter. 

thcol ! nomas, xi 

Bonaveiuure, Alb. 



Tkt ^Evolution of Life. 



'53 



the CartliD: irdSnal 

•net, 
mxatna Cootcmon, Macedo anil 

lOVTk JO the present 

■ in hh views 
m «c arc considering. 
t result— the only result 
re feel especially interested — 

t that the kcr- 

evolution is not at variance 
nrretatioo, as indeed it cannot 
i Ue tnie. This is wha 
ie for the church. 

.:mcnt of his 
he score 
we Lave nothing i 
1 he of the least service 

the <r How far 

Iheorj 

■ 
-in of the body of 
cesary; that il 

i that of some 

iw. I'.U- 

aml illy 

an inalogous origin for the 

1 

to revela: 

not - n e had the 

there 
we shou 

Mention of able 
■•• 

• ■ 
They have shown • 
■ all organ 
• 

does 
unc from hoi 

I in 

.»*7«- 




dcvclopcd by regular process into all 
the various species now on the 
earth"; therefore, that "all living 
thlOj IJ] exclusively . 

evolved i i law out of minute 

germs primarily created, or i 
out of inorganic matter," is an < 
he may consiM 

tlliojc* fit SO to d 

As to theqtiestieo of the todyoi 

man, the s.unc writers have shown, 
we take it to be the safer opin- 
nc differ from 
-Mr. Mivatt— , the 

immediatfl and inctan (or 

quasi-instantaneous) formation by 
God of the bodies of Adam and Eve 
— the former out of inorganic matter, 
the latter out of the rib — is 

at least rash, and probably proximate 
to her 

That the human soul was sped. 
and separately created is an article 
of Catholic faith. 
There is not a fa< . occ at 

■ice with these views of the i 
of the Ik: d and of tin 

an touL [r. Wallace — 

to whom the credit of pointing 
i:ce of "natu: 

longs by right 

than that of Mr. Darwin— | 

ison to 1 in :hc 

ing fnteiligesoe in 

.uli- 

n'sspc- 

I attributes, " li 

i.m " — not, i Ivcd, 

cither as to his body or his soul, from 

man 
like M r. V. . . we 

ow ende.. 
ii up the uion to 

the 1 1 Bur- 

ned : 

kind of 
ml to increase in gi 



»S4 



Tht Evolution of Life. 



metrical progression, and to transmit 
% general likeness with ■ 
dnfereaen. as la present : 

ale varuooo* of any kind in any 
direction, the great length of past 
time, the strong and 

piaftU for rtHietirr, ai 
unn and inienurication of favor- 
aMe variations, arc facts ou which 
the theory it based. 
Wt ere facts, 

a. We do not accept the : 
became, although it tlirows light on 
tome fed arc others with 

11 not compatible ; and bc- 
e those even on which it d 
v light do not require US to »<:- 

111 the Dai 
• more general 

i ■• . i > i ii mii countcnam od by 

I ' I . i! of 

ty not accept, 
do, 

I 'I i»-irjichingof Darwinism 
man's body is proi 

i , the body of a lo 

ctly and quasi-in- 
>y God. 
i iing i 

: 111 direct . 
I lion with an 

• | nth. 

Jed 
in uli . • cer- 

aine doc- 
i the 

much for 

i • 

not 

ill 

. i ii 
,1 uili Catholic 

ourselves 



to the general doctrine o 

fed is, m do not 
lies to pledge ■ 
hypothesis whatever, 
tome little of the histoly- 
ses, ■■ DW that it 
histoi 

When the Darwinian hy 
the theory of evolution 
stood the test of years and 
the most searching , 
the Catltol :ll be 

I them. I 
reason why we should f 
faith in them. Wc 
to account for t 
us. 

I, we 

aid subscribe to 
The human mind natui 
for an cxplan.r 

. Intelligent 
race has no: 

the earth, I nhenotn 

us are not eternal, that at 
-vcha 

and knew i: before 

ovcrec 

tiro. 
Afc 

welcome any hypothesis w 

to rciifovc 

(row tl • before th; 

vor 

it. Catholics, who . 
have no ticty. 

ready an 

in the teat 
he in the 

leave 
and pi 
thing not' [in the 



The Evolution of Life. 



155 



' I believe in Cod the 
eaven 

■ mi 1J0 is :■ 
I CO til 

itibts ac- 

lit!, wt reply, bc;. -. ilo : 

i the least safe of 

lit it the mere scientist. No 

|r nan pt to become 

B'iihin 
liia laboratory, 
ttt dw of dcati 

excogitate a solution to 
of the uni- 
'.crews 
lotld wnng from nature t 

ana* well knew that from 
:ct the ai 

u i:i verse 

. <jii a sum- 
I day tells us more than all the 
soplters. 

IBe!tJsii ifaaCCoa ,' I I lee, 

rx* %tu wttlroeie dxjtifht 

Llv UUDU«)i tl*c ;kii 

pllnc tap 
ciicm. er»v ' 
■ 1 1» ranird tcill=r nMpt 









• •id packed : 

.i«h;i).it my haul 
i»«n.«:nii=-»«r mill uuk>»wa u«d> ' 
c«Mc tm»n 

'»«u »e»> 

:bc fleiblcm d<*A 
Btm- ifjfCl' 



£ 



■ 



■ 



-cc some 
genera) theory of cvolu- 
not accept 

le on 

whole indu iod b 

coo;: claws of 



1 this 
ut there is 



not and has never been any constan- 
cy in nature, It devours all other 
law, or rather destroys it. It means 
aanenc/i con- 
stancy, and their synonyiiH- 
posed to it ; and thus I of 

ences which are fuu: the 

assumption that natun. 

in other words, that it does not 

Ml cvo'.v 
nitit ■::■ 

ccr i i.m;«e. True, 

he St 

ed 1 . . in 

turn annihilated by evolution. The 

it rises loses its foundation, 

But if we are i:i tv 

general ; as applied to man's soul by 

aan, 
we reject it iii teto. I: li kKOcnpetenl 
loai 
ing i lion to tin 

;.ikc our stand ac,;i 
relation l un- 

ma- 
I 

great superiority of the 
one over the other M they Iii 
ly ti. 

• 
and noni 

•.lc duct which tlve winds of i 
\en will soon scatter to the I 

its of the i .ii.l 

be 1. «r. Shall 

;, no 

..now that ma 

we know, too, - are Godlike 

in man whii h are not in 
the ati«. We know this, an<: 
know, moreover, dial tfi 
through whose hor- 

uses of i > on the 



i 5 6 



The Exvlution of Life. 



heights of Chrittil ipby and 

■irscs 

':io, from 

the eminence to which Christianity 

:.. looks down, not vitti 

101 with C 

, on the ! 
loves ami little hates of the world, 
because conscious of his eternal i 

-we know, we have an intuition, 
which we trust more than we I 

i ! u\l'.y. that this philo- 
hct is more than a devel 0] 

Ami when the anatomist tells us 
there i* little anatomical difference 
between man and the ape, therefore 
between man as man and the ape ax 
ape thct' or a ilii- 

erenre only of decree, we reply : Be- 

• ape, between a 

key, there is, in thi -<ler, 

a vast difference, an infinite d.i 
ence. This we take as the fact, and 
draw the conclusion that the amount 
of ai rencc \< 

moi i or 

I the real difference. 

meal &» m en 
in the same way. Because 
at a certain Mage in its 
the human embryo cam 

low I . we arc a -.Mired that 

:ily in il. ; 

:;rant the fact, we reject tl. 

and we reason: notwitr* 
standing 

at certain stages between 
time devdojw one io great that (he 
one n qm a Shal . the 

other Ikcoimcs only a Shak< 
dog. What follows? Simply tl 

ing in the 

it in the other 
— ason>c;hing which the sense caniM it 
detect, but thi h the 

mind may im re of 

life than the em! 



'.- his nietl icrc ii 

of the rose than 

more of life thi 'd be 

see in a dissecting-room orac't 
house. 

No; whatever force the j 
Darwinian theory may ha\-e 
student of animal life, to the s 
of man as an animal, it can 
very little tn him v. 
his higher manifests '. 
else it may account for, it nev 
throw any light on the facts of 

nature. It never 
the origin of a being who bclit 
purity or pity. 

Let the Darwinian, inde 
if he can, how, if man owes his 
ind his development, ph 
Ital, to sua 
•.•nee — in other 
to natural selection — and : 
in turn, to the exercise of the 
mbative (acuities, or tc 

to '.his theory, he inn ' 
and presi 

iiiinumber 
long, indeed, that they OU 
grown ■ insti 

and which are the only ones 
have exercised from the beginn 
, therefore, as the most i 
iould be 
— let him, we say, expi,;' 

ed through in: , ha 

taken possession of 

life to be a cot 

Mows; lei 

how, in Jl this, there a 

who have leaned, not to hate, 

lies, to compas! 

the weak, the pi c lot 

nunc i ing, 

thai there are men who are 
hy lii 

that hatp j -. thei 

CURte yOU, | 



Peace. 



•57 



calumniate you " ; or, 
, how, in spite of the excr- 
tclfish ami combative 

. .ItUCe, 

c-.lcnr.y of which must have 
la strengthen by use the organs 
lestroction. the same i 
il gradually d that 

I hira explain, again, how out of 
UUBality,by "natural selection," 
f the mere biute, in a "struggle 
Wokc" beings me — 

-i this would be a 
u he that looketh after a 
lust after her hath already 




committed adultery with her in hit 
." There are such men— men to 
■ ■'•■ who obey it. 
Will a Yojjt lievt 

it ? Will a Darwin account be it by 
" natural selection " ? 

By, let hi n how, if 

man ha* always tx growing 

out of some lower condition, he has 
yet learned, io a measure, to go be- 
yond himself, to harbor an (deal which 
he has never . hut towards 

ii lie cvim inch as he 

endeavors to fulfil the command of 
the Son of G©i :, as 

my heavenly Fath 



PEACH. 



of the Suffering 

hurch, 
offered it as now with 
I. by the light 
this reflection casts on 1 

iltitude ol 
in the mi 
cutting upon earth ; 
as were joined 
j, were united v. 
!, ins- of peace. 

tio we kao e Catholic 

h, which ihc holy Falhei 
late of peace, was so profound- 

:o pcar.c ? From 
m;< o in the 

lincc 
nothing else but the rnys- 

ebrai. 

: the 

bands 



isecration, at the /.if/era 
not at the salutation of the people, at 
the Apiut Dei, at the Uiree prayers 
which follow it, and in the prayer 
for the king; for as the as- 

signs the : : , thai we 

a secure ami pceue&bU 
so with that intention the holy church 
for all rulers, even for such as 
are transgressors of the v ;• 

which intention is formally c: 

.: and '-rue concord, and all 
1c peace and unity. The 
man 

throughout the e. « that the 

the 
a of men, 
I only be immolated in .. 
'.-, and witl 
thnt, . i is never 

it without 



■ 



'58 



Dante's Purgatorio. 



DANTE'S PURGATORIO. 



CANTO EIGHTH. 

In (hit Canto. D*:. I'"l(c of C.tllun ia : 

at Conrad Malupiu, who ;ccdi.-t» to tb» p<. WMBt 

Twas now the hour that brings to men at sea, 

ic room have bid sweet friends farewell, 
■iii;: bftek with them to be ; 
And thniis tin; pilgrim with a tender t\ 
Of love, if haply, new npon his way, 

He f.tiiitly heat ft chime from some far bell, 
I to mourn the dying of the d; 

re my listening (acuity 
To mark i iscfl ftroid the- band 

Who joined both pa I them on high 

(Fust l'.'n ing clain 
And it bent so eye 

As 'twere he said. " My God ! on thee ft] 

longing rests." Then from his lips there came 
Te /uds ante, so devout of tone, 

So sweet, mj mind ma ravished by the same 
The otlicrs next, full sweetly and devout, 

Fixing their gaze on the supernal whe 
Followed him chanting the whole Psalm throughout 

Now, reader, to the truth my verse conceals 
M ike sharp-toy vision; subtle ii the veil 

So fine 'twere easily passed through unseen. 
I saw that gentle army, meek and pale. 
Silently gazing upward with a mien 

and from on h 
Beheld two at tfa two swords descend 

but, as I could dt 
They bare DO point broken at the end. 

Green 1 than spring's 

iQed behind and fanned 
With genl : of their verdant wi 

One, coming near, just over us took ■ 

■ bank the other apt I, 
So that t] i hem grouped 

Full well could I discern each Hasten betid ; 
i. ices mine eyes' virtue droop 
led by excess and d 
" I r« both come here," 

Sortie :icy to pro 



Dantr't Ihirgitforie. 

■ erpent that will soon appeal ! " 
10 expect 
Tiii: umed me, almost froze with fear, 

"toulders closely clung. 
\o: "Gowc down and sec 
These mighty ■ i let them hc.tr our tongue: 

Thy presenre will to tlicm right gracious be." 
Only three steps I think brought a 
noticed solely eyein 
who I might be he fain would know. 
<ut the dusky air, 
Between his eyes and mine, within the i 

Showed wh.tt be: not quite declare. 

Towards me he moved, and I towanlt him as w. 
tie Jud^e Nino, when I saw tl 

d thee not in i 
left unsaid no form of fair salute: 
Then he inquired: ■ How lc- iou didst come 

r» to the mountain's foot ?" 
"0 bi 

1 pasted : in the first life I am, I 

Like to men suddenly amazed, the tv. 
md Sordcllo, hearing this, drew back. 

One looked at Virgil, one into : 
Of a companion sitting there, and cried, 

" Up, Conrad : i God liath of his grace 

Bestowed," then turning uuto me replied : 



«59 






.t especial reverence, I beseech, 

. host primal way is hid 
one sound it, if soe'er thou r< 
The si iy waters, bid 

Mv i > for my peace implore 

There where the crj eedf. 

Her mother I '-ore 

- she put off her widow's paly w« 

tin would wear the 
■ 
How soon love's flame in woman dies away 

i touch full oft relume it 
The i 'icld 

i h fnirer show 
Than will that I > battle-H 

With such glow 
fare revealed 
iion smouldering yet below. 



ito 



Xante's Purgatorio. 

Still that sole part of heaven I fondly e 

Where the stars move, even as a wheel tloth move 
More slowly next the axle. Said my I 

" Son, what dost thou so gaze at there above ?" 
" Up there ! at yon three torches," I replied, 

•• Whose splendor makes this pole here all ablaze." 
And he to me : " The four clear stais that rose 

This mom txi avc abased their raj's, 

And these have mounted in the place of those." 

While thm lie (pake, SordeUo to nil side 
Drew Virgil, and ex. hoe!" 

And pointed 10 the thins which lie descried. 
And wlicre that small vale's barrier sinks most low 

A serpent suddenly was seen to r 
Such as gave Eve, perchance, the fruit of woe. 

Through flowers and herbage came that evil streak, 
To lick its back oft turning round its head, 

As with his tongue a beast his fur doth sleek. 
I was not looking, to most leave unsaid 

When first they fluttered, but full well I I 
Both heavenly falcons had their plumage spread. 

Soon as the KTpcSlt felt the withering flaw 
Of those green wings, it vanished, r.pcd 

Up tod) again with even flight. 

The shade who lu'l approached the judge when he 

Accosted him his sight 

Through this encounter, looking fixed on me. 



CONRAD HALASriN'A. 



" So may that light," the spirit began to say, 

•• Which lead* thee up*, find in thine own free will 
lent wax e all the ••• 

Even to th' enamelled si the Hill. 

!i thou true news of Val di Magrn knot 

Orofth" inform me of the same, 

For I was mighty once upon that coast, 

And Conr.iil M.il.i 

b once I to my kin I 
Is here refined." " I I," thu I do 

" Thai realm of yours I never travelled <>'<:r; 
But where thro lie place 

HOt? The honor 1 ame accords 
I nitrates not alone the race, 
I i i .i. kea ilie land renowned as arc its lords; 
He knows that country who was novel 

the tree purse they bear, I bright swords: 

So moun: u this to thec I sn< 



Tlte Russian Id 

nature privilege them so, 
That, if through guilt the world's guide It- 

They in the path of right str.-.ig" | 
Sole cf all men, and scorn the evil nay." 

iiesc my word?, " Now K t>," the spirit ftu'd, 
For the «in shall no! enter seven times more 

That part of heaven where Aria bed 

Stretches and spreads his forked feet all four, 

thy courtesy's belief shall be 
Nailed in the middle of thy head with nails 

Of greater force than men's reports to thee 
If, unimpeded, Judgment's course prevails. 



161 



THE RUSSIAN IDEA, 



r»o» ih« tn«i« orcoHiAO root Muran, 



<ONCt' 



I 'US. 

iqg morning, Rasumow- 
h his guests at a sumptuous 

of* d upon beau- 

onunjcni 
Sempoch appeared very sad; for 
hail again received evidences of 
jumi- writable pride and 

Moffeehn k remarked the 

©ntion of hi arid he 

m of the do 
Wed mother in lier lonely palace at 
tav 

Some years ago, the emperor 

.ted the serfs— did he act 

Gently?" ask-, h official 

r the czar does, is well 

e," answered the governor ; •• and 

ir again introduces 

former system of servitude, that 

you must 

understand the abolition of 

•ral tense. The 

Treed o :o the 

e Russian nobility have 



lost l>y both peasant 

noble will always remain slaves of 

emperor. Consequent! 
tude stiil the same 

kind thai ire to establish in 

the new German Empire. Ah I there 
comes the Roman Catholic pastor!" 
exclaimed the governor, his 

ming M once their accustomed 
look of K: Now, gentlemen, 

see how I shall deal v, hero 

of liberty 1 to 

ieoplcl" 

r timidly approached the 
■try, ;md allowed him- 
self to he it uner un- 
worthy of his priestly dignity. 

But the priest had seen w 
sands of his Catholic brethren pi: 
death and transported to Siberia. 
He knew that, by a stroke of the pen, 
Rasumonski could doom him to the 
same fate; and to o be 

! the f;i<:t thai in i'ol.n 

i arc educated by pro- 
fessors appointed by the Russian 
•rnment. These professors very 
naturally train and discipline the 



i6a 



Thr Russian Idta. 



seminarians according to the com- 
mand* of a government hostile to the 
Roman Catholic religion. Solid theo- 
logical learning and a proper appre- 
ciation of the dignity of the priest- 
hood are not sufficiently csceemed, 
• liich reason we must make al- 
lowances for the cringing deportn 
village pallor. 
After having made a low rever- 
ence before the goven. iter 
rudely accosted him by saying, "H 
.ur sermon with y< 
" It it ><>ur honor," 
;;i trem- 
■ handt from his pocket a written 
which he handed to 
I 

ki licgan to read, while 

pi or 

a shade of anger would spread it 

Ms fact 

" lly the heavens above me ! pastor, 

ii v.i-i sermon 

rd said about his 

y the emperor 1 

14? Do 

l shook like an . 

• I'sfilofi in-, your honor, pardon 
priest " I 
honor may condc- 
u sm, not about the mtN I 

■ i i ■ i, . 

world, *>: 

•.uli upon 
then from 

in of the world — 

' i i iiir! the governor. 

..out the 

high the cmiicfor. Your re- 

'lic Saviour of the I 

And 

I ,;' 

ttiiam 

lust never again 









use such expressions, for, if you 
remember S 

- Bardoo, your honor! My 
tion was to show the people that 
must obey God from motives of 

g.iin, is nonsense t" 
claimed the governor. "If 
wishes the people to obey him, 
■ against 
disobedient. Our first duty is to 
emperor; this you must preach 
your parishiom i 

lie rang the bel was 

mediately answered by a Cossacl 
iicctof official pa] 
.iiiil the pel) and ink !" laid K. 
.ki to the servant. " Now, lis 
pastor, to what I say I If you a 
preach upon liberty or servitude, 
; for in 
holy Russian Empire there is ncii 
freedom nor servitude / and, in 
that yon may become a praa 

-.ct, you must pr 
whole year on nothing else but 
the Jt:/:dr 

pm levtdeaeeot thccmpei 

but, 

lional obedience due 
Will you do this ?" 
" At your lienor's command, " re- 
plied the intimidated priest. 

Rr.sumowski wrote upon a sheet 
er which bore the prim 
persenption : " I 

i what he had writ- 
• In this church the onli 
to be preached upon for a whc!< 
is on the high quali 
pcror, and on the obi of hi* 

subjects to him." 

lie then 
gave it to the priest. 

• l lal yuur congregation in 
informed of my command," said he, 
••>t>u must nail this police uoticc 
upon the church door. 

Bcfoi riett had left the gar- 



The Russian Tdta. 



163 



Berlin official buret into a 

ia sublime!" lie cm 
I mu? that you 

priests under spkndi 

nhod a admir- 
nd must be introduced into the 
cnn.iii i 

f o[ -aid the professor, 

une of iodcscribablc sarcasm, 
-••I is even 
the Prussian. The gov- 
: forbidden the pastor to 
is simply a mat- 

upon the 
of several churches in 1 

Prussia fvlke nolites are 
1 forbid preaching 

• ' "' ; ; '• • - ''- : 
the hearing of conies! 

I think, 
:d the 




• iiao," replied Hen Schulze ; 
, ou sjieak 
ssuttunatcly directed only against 
ana 

all the same," answered 
"Cat • liolj 

1 confession were forbidden, 
desi not made 




bo are concct, professor 

I • you km:. 
? " 

! his 



-.:i ._.i.t 



ntinucd Schulze, " Dr. 

^hful 

nd au the combat 

utancs, who arc so 

empire. Friedberg has 

:d a work in which he 

says that war is to be made 

ut on the 

e coerg< arricd 



" Without reference to Dr. Fi 

std 1; ek, "it is 

ly evident to every man uf judg- 
:. thai tlic <:• of the 

d at. It is really amusing to 
how opinions change. Sonic years 
ago, the liber spoke of 1 

>lic religion with the 

'ope 
was a feeble old man, and Catho- 

, in 

to live. To-ill me 

:..l press 1 i'- 

verse. Th danger- 

ODJ thai It is already using 

every effort to secure at the next 
election of a pope a ran 
what is popularly called ex/en 

., and who will make very little 
use of the extraordinary powers of his 
office. It has become evident to 
liberals that Catholicity is by no 
means b worn-out, dead thing, but 

ong 
enough even to overthrow the new 

•• Von make the newspapers of too 
much consequence," replied Schulze. 
" Our journalists write under great 
but the;. 

". us 
a great deal of money. Bii 
organ, 7 '-Gtrman Gentt t \i 

Gazette, alone costs the empire <■ 
over twenty thousand dolls 

lion of newspaper- writers; he 
calls them, as is well known, ki 
herds. You cannot, ho deny 

the fact, professor, that the Catti 
Chun ■ :le to the empire." 

•• If you asl 

ibw, 1 mustcoi ome 

of your assertions," sail J'hc 

Catholic Church is a *| wer, 

but to the en 

f.-.r as the ue»' empire aspires after 
the liberal development of noble 



!<H 



The Russian Idea. 



true humanity, are children of the 
Catholic Church. As you know. Her- 
der, our great writer, has said : • With- 
thc Catholic Church, Europe 
■ 'mid have become in all probability 
the prey of despots, the theatre Of 
perpetual dis< infe, or else a 

vast desert.' If, however, the 
German Empire intends to introduce 
a Russian form of government, and 
with it servitude and the knout, 
then, of course, the Catholic 
will fearlessly manifest hcrdlspleasii 

I Hen Sehnhse 
opened their eyes, and gazed with 
inbhrnent and suspicion upon the 
daring speaker. 

" Do not forget," remarked Von 
Bempach, " that my friend speaks 
only from a historical trtandpc 

the whole you are right, Ilerr 

'." exclaimed the governor. 

■ Catholic Church confuses the 

b of the peo]>Ie by preaching 

about littrty, about lein% thechtk 

of G(ni, about \ of matt, 

all such absurdities. The Pope and 

his | people proud, 

ii ult 
..image. Mark my prediction, 
Schulzc : you cannot i 

into 
until Catholicity is cxter- 
BUMI 

" \ id ourselves of it," --.<». i 

Bchulxe confidently. "The Jest 
read; 

suppress 
I kin— that is, all the 
convents— 40 that we 
'dually 1 

the same sub, 
1 ' i. And hi vc you no- 

I'hi [csuii 

n on 
a riot .a 

ion of 

i 



however, great exc 
inetr. the lilntrals," rer. 

Von Sempach ; " for, when the 
man religious were innocently 
scribed and forcibly driven from 

■s, the national liberals appla 
ed and cried out ; I 

"if sou Imagine, Heir Seoul 
■aid Beck, " that tlie patient end 
ancc of Catholics in witne- 
cxpulsion of their | 
gcrous, you deceive yourself. Tl 
manner of combat, however, is a 
Singular one. Recourse to arms 
rebellion is fo 

lien ; but 

tory teaches that the weapons 
ployed by the Catholic Church 
proved most disastrous to all 
enemies. Ami it is lu me 
the sun at BOOB '. in 

quencc of this persecution of 
church, the German Em] 
■ocean 

"You speak in ridd 
Beck!" said Schulxe. -What 
you mean when you speak of 
Catholic manner of combat?" 

• Hint which is, in fact, the 
essence of Catholicity," anss 
the professor. '• Catholics belie 
that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, 
the (bunder of their < 
know that God will nei 
his church, because he hi 
to al ij • with her. 

they are ire 

tin v have recourse to pray 

■ iy pray to Almighty God 
keepl -in my opinion, a ' 

dangerous mode of combat; for 

r, not even thai -w > 

m in Empire, can stand 

I, And ill: Imth t 

i he Catholics, fur over l.Sco ye 

conquered all their oppr 
If Bismarck should commence 
d roast Catho 

:::t:. who 

ted them for three hundred years, 



The Russian hita. 



165 



meet with the suae fate that 
: pagan emperors of R01 
irofessor, u 
for the : 
»1." replied Schulzc. " We 
how eve 1 I, far the 

accessary 
such severe measures. If 
got eminent once gets un- 
control of all the 
public school hum 

•uL" 

1, Herr SchuUe," 

Beck. ••The apost3tc Em- 

Julian, fifteen hundred years 

very plan of cxter- 

holics. He established 

1 schools; 

ror Julian perished, to- 

,ii empire, while the 

L'hurch mil exists, and is the 

-lemics." 

e iic;ir. 1 enough I" cx- 

the ;■ II not 

irned 

iiolics in the new 

an I n suffer and [ 

•r assistance from above, 
ey say their dying prayer, as 
.1." 
the eyes of die professor 
.1 brilliant ray of li 

•;cn, Governor Ra- 
iholic 
the Rus^ u 1 
yer." 

: come down from 
not have mn 
imp: m the Russian 

'' 

you really 

•bat a volcano the Rus- 

? I 

I r.t inquiries upon 
iotoething of 

il prevail 
tor is 

■ 



i,r, admonished him, saying: 
'Soucha (thai uke 

e i ^ xvi. 

of R 

permit uic to wish you got 
mg, u I intend to a< . niy 

he ; it;. ." 

two young men walked 
through the garden, (61 . the 

angry looks of the 1 ami the 

Russian. 

S<-' her prevailed for some 

days. Excnrsj utry 

were out of the question, & nuke 

I the poblii ; the 

■ 

to the Roi 

One day, Von Sempai the 

king in hi 
" Are you taking idward ?" 

'• 1 am collecting important K 
sian items to send to Bolanden. that 
he tn for the good of the 

nan people, and for the ben 
of 01 is, who do not 1 

be governed ace to the Ru - 

sian mode." 

'•I protest against it," replied Von 
Scrapach. " I have no desire to 
figure in a novel." 

"Do not excite yourself, my dear 

Adolphl Bolanden will change our 

names, and perhaps call the gentle* 

11 Berlin Schulze. How b 

uidra ?" 

The young man sighed heavily, 

! greatly distressed. 

" I wish thai 1 '■ r known 

' said he; "for I can tell you, 

in confidence, that -oul 

dwells in her beautiful body. Her 

reel- 

l-.ivc; in : 
devoid Hi' II: 

.mil mind which o 
must possess in order to 1 
happy home." 

■ 
governor, who, by means ul the 
and Siberia, keeps in subjection llM 



[66 



Tht Russian Idea. 



serfs of the divine emperor," replied 
Beck. •' I told Schulze and the gov- 
ernor my real opinion in regard to 
t!ic decayed condition of the em 
of the czar, and yet I was very tern- 
He in my language; I should have 
added dial Almighty God also is the 
arbiter of nations, and suffers the 
nuance of Russian barbari 
to show how deeply empires 
can sink, and bow wicked men can 
■me, when an emperor has un- 
id command in church and 
state, The same result will take 
place iu G if she takes Rus- 

sia as her model." 
" I hope >ou will not use Mi 
ions before Rasumowski " said 
Iph waraingly. 

■ ; we D1US1 I the pearls 

of truth before swine, for they would 
perhaps attack us with their Cossacks 
and the plcti !" 

'• Why do you jest ?" said Adolph. 
"The discoveries 1 have made con- 
Uexandra's real nature have 
sad Why inn:.! 1 bind 
myself for ever to such a creaturt ?" 
" Reason and the desire for true 
bap| i the 

proft wor, •• \'i'U an tree, and not a 
Russian serf Act like de- 

stroy the magic charm which her 
fatal beauty has woven around you. 
My travelling ■: idy, let us go 

tn your dear mother Olga. I 

am disgusted whh everything In this 

■ ■■:, stupid Russian 1 

servant of Von Sempnch now 

inner. As the two 

is entered the dining-room, 

r ith an air of triumph, held 

.spapcr. 

:r Heck, you i now 

are unwilling to 

adopt the Russian form of gov< 

■ Here, read 

i Gautte, \. i";ier 

wlia: nee 

to the 1 iDage of huts which some mis- 



erable and poverty-stricken w 

had tide the gates of Bcilia, 

l, these huts have been all 
moved, according to the Russian 
>d." 

" So I understand !" said the pro- 
fessor, who had read the art 
'■'/'he Qvtt Gavttt announces 
the President of 

Mvlai, had given orders to severe 
hundred policemen and sol 
take down, in the night from MonfTa 
to Tuesday, the collection of huts 
outside of the Landsberg-j 
poor settlers, who were roused i 

• re driven 
difficulty, although the men n 
mured, and the women and chi".' 
wept; but there was otherwise 
disturbance or resistance. What a 
fine contribution to the history ol 
new Gen re!" added L 

- Is it not also stated," asked 
Adolph, whose face was gin v. 
with indignation, " that the hunia 

pride themsci 
the torch while the sorrow, 
men and children were driven from 
their wretched homes into the t 
dark night ?" 

•• Why, Von Sempach, <\o not be 
so sentimental ! ned the gov 

ernor. '• Be like a Rj 
wastes very little time or sympathy 
ions." 

l tinner was served, 
had never appeared n -'y; 

her toilet was exquisite. She i 
remarked the serious deportment of 
her betrothed ; for she made use of 
even in 

i to regain possesion of his 
heart. 

But something ha which 

brought matters to a crisis. 

dessert had just bcci; 

when a servant of the governor 

handed him an offii ial paper. He 

bad only read a few li n a 

isclf over his face. 



The Russian Idea. 



167 



: rise for you, gentlc- 
The nearest 
fnssun police-station has bad 

deliver up to mc the 

iura, so that I may for- 

km to his native place, Kosow." 

imperial!" 

Alexandra, filled with 

tve heard so much 

Jesuits, anil wish to sec one. 

, will vo i ■ him brought 

• if i: gives you pleasure, why 
ur honored guests 
;io olijcction." 

-■ at all, governor !" n 
iph ron Scmpach, with stem 
fcmauiy. '• You alone have to dc- 

that it is always 
^Brwoithy Ui be willing to tee and 
hear a said Beck. 

commissioner of police." 
ceaanunded Kasumowski, '• to bring 
- inc without delay the Jesuit 
. 
"Oh! that will be ml 

rmed Alexandra. •■ 1 am so 

in who belongs to 

that ten which has sold 

iadf to the devil, and labors only in 

the interest of!ieLl." 

- t*> you really be it you 

mademoiselle ?" asked Von Scm- 

a*ch, in artoubhm. 

! 1 have often read :ti 

n shocking things about 

tiw to pos- 

>ea in an extraordinary •'.cgrec the 

;ilc, and : 
Owe 1 power to Satan, 

torn they ate in league." 

ir informa- 
tion own the Vienna New Fret Press, 

ay be. I mow exact- 

The new German Empire, in 
fear of God ami love of 1 

Ij in expelling these 
riuhohcal Jen 



"But suppose these diabolical 
come to Russia ?" 

" Oh I we are not . them ; 

we will send thcra to Siberia I" 

re comes th( " said 

Rasumowski, when he heard the 
clattering sound made by the guards' 
sabres. 

Deep silence reigned in the dining- 
room. All sat with their eyes intent- 
ly fixed upon the door. In the hall 
were heard heavy, weary steps, as 
though an aged or siik man was 
moving forward with great difficulty. 
Then a hand appeared, grasping the 
side of the door, and finally the 
Jesuit father, a tall, thin man, very 
much bent, and leaning on a 1 

" Come in, quick :" cried out Ra- 
Mmowski roughly. 

F. Lndumttaggered into the room. 
The dooi sd after hi 

Those who were present gaxed in 
ce at the suffering priest, who 
I hardly stand on his feet, and 
who leaned exhausted against the 
wall. Although still young, the in- 
credible hardships that he had under- 
gone of fatigue ss well as of hunger 
and thirs-t seemed to have entirely 
destroyed the bodily strength of the 
Jesuit. His (ace was 1 
and the hand which held his w: 
brimmed hat trembled 
rive weakness. His black habit was 
covered 1 as if he lud h 

driven like a prisoner on the high- 
way. Upon his breast there 1. 
an honorable sign 

stowed by the new Gcni e — 

the iron cross. After having nihil 
those present, this lent 

humanity and liberal ju ntly 

awaited the command of the Russian 
governor. 

" Your name is Indura, and you 
come from Kotow ?" commenced the 

ur honor !". answered the 
, in a feeble voi 



he Russian Idea. 



" You have been expelled by the 
nrucnt, and in the holy 
Russian Empire you can find an 
abiding-place, and perhaps secure 
isition, if you 
renounce the Society of Jesus, 
and embrace the Russian state reli- 
gion. Are you determined to do 
tins ?" asked the governor. 

" No, your honor I I prefer death 
to apostasy I" 

•' Well, wc will not hang yon yet 
awhile!" brutally exclaimed the gov- 
ernor. " But we can semi you to the 
Siberia." 1 

" That "Hi be impossible, sir 1" 
replied the Jesuit, with a faint smile, 
my strength is too far gone 
ever to reach Siberia." 

Von Sempach had until now been 
a quiet spectator of the scene; al- 
icrn _s of compassion and 

indignation tilled his breast whenever 
lie looked at the priest. He turned 
to Alexandra, in whose impassive 
features not a vestige of sympathy 
was visible. 

" Mademoiselle," said he in a sub- 
dued voice, " a work of mercy is 
necessary in this case. This poor 
clergyman is dying from exhaustion. 
Will yon have any objection if 1 
offer him my scat ?" 

The Russian lady turned fiercely 
around, like a serpent that had been 
trodden upon. 

"What do you mean, sir?' 
answered, with a pi lata. 

" l>o you think that l "ill grant inch 
graceful request ?" 

An angry Such ul the face 

nan ; his eyes gleamed 
bt, and a proud, con- 
temptuous smile wreathed his lips. 
Alexandra at this moment hail for 
ever forfeited the love of a heart of 
which she was unworthy. 

i : governor meantime continued 
his questions. 

you still wish to remain a 



Jesuit," said he, " that is, a 
dangerous to the empire, an cue 
of modern civilization, you will 
sent to Sit" ; 

•• Will your honor not procure 
a passport 10 India ?" 

Anal do you want to 
India 

'• We have missions there," 
the priest. " As it is my vocation 
work for the salvation of soub 
wish to preach there the doctrine 
Christ according to my humble 
parity." 

'■ I mutt reflect upon your 
lion," replied the governor. " 
government may not wish the Jc 
to continue their activity even 
India. For the present, you n 
to pTH 

The priest made a motion to I 
bat his strength failed him, anc 
cold sweat appeared in large 
upon his forehead. Then Ado!] 

von S race. 

" Governor Rasumowski," said 
> not believe that I shall app 
in vain to your feelings as a man. 
therefore urgently beseech you 
allow me to offer some refrcshmc 
to this exhausted gentleman fri 
your hospitable table." 

Von Sempach spoke in such 
earnest tone of voice tliat it seen 
impossible to refuse him. 

" If you wish to assume the 

actcr of the good Samaritan, 

Sempach, I do not object," answe 

; usrian, making a great 

. .il hia real displeasure. 

Adolph aj 1 the weak | 

feeble priest, and. giving him the i 
port of his arm, led him to his sea 
i.v me, reverend sir, to 

The Jesuit looked at him 
gratitude, and Adolph commer 
to All his plate. The half starve 
owner of the iron cross began to 
and like a lamp whose dyii 



The Russian Idea. 



169 



ed when oil is pouted upon 
so also was it with the proscribed 
t. who soon felt the benefit of 
ijih's te:: 

ii Scmpach. With 
-'-ion of c scorn 

and disgust, she gathered up the train 
of her rich silk dre«, and retired to 
ber own apartment 

a Ul the new German Empire 

send us any more of such guests ?" 

asked the g> 1 • died 

suppressed wrath at seeing a 

Jesuit at his table. 

hake. "The 
majority of the Jesuits arc Germans 
•r S» is • ; there are only a few Poles 
inor.p them.'' 

rhe foreigners expelled, 
and not the Germans?'' asked the 
faarian. 

Jesuit, even if he be a Ger- 
man, can remain in the new German 
Empire, and discharge dotal 

nr educational functions," re: 
i/e, 

is made a very strange im- 
•iion upon me," said the pr 
sur, "to see men condemned and 
treated like criminals, against whom 
■at the least fault can be proved. 
Eren tlie bitterest enemies of 
Jesuits confessed this at the I 
taring, ' We find no fault in th 

rovetb asserts that 'Justice 
is the foundation of kingdoms.* The 
conduct of Russia against Poland ex- 
cepted, there is no a example 
in modern hist 

your rem 
preach,' Professor Beck ?" asked 

only to historical facts." 
Se professor. " My person- 
nel has nothing to do wit i. 
openly acknou 

tctj prudently ui 



sian method in treating defiant Cath" 
' retorted the govci 
"Then, we shall have violence 
done to conscience, and the destrue- 

Of human • highest 

■ of the wen I." said the profes- 
sor, is tyranny ncc 
would result, as a natural conse- 
quence, a state of slavery arid a dc- 
mon oditioa <>t Ro- 
sa would cease to ennoble man, 

use her enemies would mi r. pre- 
sent her doctrines in such a way that 
she would cease to be the revelation 
of God ; she would become a ma- 
chine of the state, ami this machine 

Id be called a National Church— 
a hideous thing that would prove to 
be the gi i I liberty. Finally, 

an abyss wouK m up 

the whole; for Almighty God will 
not sutler the wickedness of man to 
go 1 x rtain length. History 

rcco: 1 cx- 

i Inge, the 1 1 of 

the kingdoms bdoa 

U tad PenUOB, the destruction 
of Jerusalem and of the Jewish na- 
tion." 

Rasumowxkt was - inswer, 

when the Jciuit father ruse from hb 

chair, 

" Sir !" said he to Adolph von Scrn- 
pach, " you have, in tniih, [ 

. rey. Maj 1 in 

" He ha done so, your 

reverence!" replied Von Scmpach, 
with a look at Alexandra's vacant 
seat. 

grateful 1! 

bom 
"That will da I the 

Mior. • 1 he r is 

waiting for 

Iph left 1 with the 

'• All learned gentlemen ilo not 
seem to approve of :i. i ex- 

termination against : ' ihotic 






17© 



The Russian Idta. 






Church,* said Scbalte, in a slightly 
iryr,ic*l tone. 

- At lout, not those who have prc- 
tcrred tome sense of justice," replied 
Deck. " I cannot understand how so 
SNA? miiuoftt of Catholics can 
met lo be intuited and threatened in 
a way that should excite the indig- 
nation of Christendom." 

i* ell very clear," explained 

ckJiulae. " A national church is to be 

established in Germany, Just as it is 

m kuut:a. Protestantism sees the 

necessity of the change, and makes 

■o resistance; but it is not so with 

-.licity." 

" 1 agree to the last assertion, 1 I err 

ike," taid Beck. "From the 

very earliest ages there have been 

buhops and cowardly 

pricsjs ; but the Catholic Church has 

r made concessions in matters 

of faith, and will never do so in all 

tunc to come." 

very reason she ni 

• : bare to re- 
vv\ lo extreme measutcs," answered 
the great official of Merlin, in a trans- 
• '. passion, 
A do you believe in the pos- 
sibility of extermination ? " asked 
Beck. 

'•Why not? The educated por- 
tion of the world has long since rc- 
pwii belief in the nursery 

tale- hi." 

" I most solemnly protest against 
i remarks," said tl sor. 

•• k' '; i i . . mu< >i i nursery tele 

as i of God, «ho mani- 

fest* 

wonderful work of whose hands is 
the i uticularly her 

itton. While every- 
iltc course of time falls 
the proudest tu- 
be face of the 
trace behind 
ire constantly 
, the 



chair of Peter stands immovi 
No intelligent man can refuse to 
epect and admire the Cati 
ligton. On the other hand, I do 
deny that liberalism in its spirit! 
rotten condition, devoid as it is 
every high aspiration, is rip; 
establishment of a national ch 
which is to be fashioned after 
Russian model. The new G 
Emperor-pope trill be able, witl 
opposition from the liberals, to ii 
ducc the Russian catechism. Li 

i will not object to the inn 
tin of the plcti and to a Siberia; 
it Is servile, without principle, an 
terly demoralized. Those ti 
however, who have preserved 
holy uith, their dignity as men, 
their self-respect, arc no slaves, 
will never wear the yoke of R 
servitude." 

'• Sir, you insult me '." vociferai 
the Russian governor. 

" In what manner do I insult 
you?" said Beck. "You yourself 
maintained vs ago that the 

Russians were all serfs of 

" Yes, they are ; but I wfll not al- 
low you to speak of it with such con- 
' responded the irritated dig- 
nitary. 

" Since wc are not as yet serfs in 
the new Germ;- I the 

professor earnestly, "you will permit 
a free man to express his vie-. 

- N.i, 1 will not allow you to do 
so ! ■ cried Rasumowski, with a loud 
voice. " If you were not, uj 
nately, the friend of my ful 
law, I would send you to Siber: 
man dangerous to the em] 

The profc 

vernor:" he exclaimed, in a 
tone of unmistakable si 
. rudeness makes it 
: to stay 
under your roof. The very thought 
of having received your hospitality 
is painful to me." 



At this moment, Adolph vo i 
h appeared. 

Rasumowski," said 
ive come to say farewell. Your 
whom I have seen, will 
co-.ntuuoic.itc to you ihc reasons of 
ray dci 

tided 
eyes, looked with astonishment at the 
.g nobleman, whobowc: 
ircd with his friend the professor. 
At the en:: dace, the 

servant of Von Sc 
tfae door t>f -a carriage. The friends 
:e dejrot. 
how do you feel ? 
a\c what has happened I" asked 
Beck. 
"That which had to be done, 

II 
my wl 
iirokcn my cngagc- 
it with Alexandra." 



•• l congratulate you trom my 

Whole bean '" (Old Heck, warmly 
pressing the hand of his friend. 

The next mo: 
Olga welcomed the returned travel- 
lers; and when Adolph related what 
had happened, joy and happiness il- 
luminated the good mo- 
ther, who embraced and kissed her 
The professor stood smiling at 
her A 

" You sec, roost graci 
he, •• that the study of kir 

good German of the irapossil 
of obtaining real happiness and 
prosperity from the land of the 
knout." 

A few days I 
exclaimed: "Our mother Olga is 
well again; her eyes have lost t! 
sad expression, and the kind smile 
has returned to her i 



MY COUSIN'S INTRODUCTION. 



we could possibly 
fad with the Castons was that they 
were Roman Cathol 
Tnic, they were our on 

off as ourselves, and as 
iicd and respectable as any 
a the country, but tl 
oukam 
such queer jk 
ach 

dies that uld never 

to, you kn 

s with 
1 out of 
osity, and tkclared there wasn't a 
nt bonn congre- 

gation outside of Cousi pew; 



father, who looked in at the 
pel on Christmas Day. told ua he 
didn't sec a single i it the en- 

trance— : nt a lot of farmers' 

and work 

ess, the Gastons were 
U affection for 
them went to I our 

ind 1 in par 
liar — by Ih 
troducc myself— George WUIougl 
at your service, just twenty-one- 

. isn't it ? at — but 1 

won't mention what college in New 
England might expect too 

much of me. 

and I .id conn 

quite an ail;;. 






172 



My Cousin's Introduction. 



•aid Gaston. He was three 
years my senior, had received bis 
some out-of-the-way 
Catholic college situated on the top 
or at the foot — I really forget which — 
of some mountain among the Allc- 
ghanics. We hail frequently met 
and exchanged visits during our va- 
cations, and the only objection I had 
to Cousin Dick was that on these 
occasions he made no end of fun of 
my I '. Latin pronunciation, 

asking me to read a page « 
and then rolling over in i 
split: s with laughter. 

What h o comical in my 

recitation I could not imagine. I 
saw nothing in it to laugh at. This 
was several years ago. I now know 
the cause of hix mirth. 

Iiut even if Dick did make fun of 
my Latin, and call it barbarous, he 

fellow, although I i 
say that at limn he presumed a little 
upon his seniority so as to be a trifle 
rocntortsh. Indeed, I loved him as a 
friend, independently of my affection 
for him as a relative. He was con- 
siderate, too, and never troubled me 
with any of his Komanish notions, 
except when 1 sometimes asked him 
a question about the church, or 
touching some point in Catholic his- 
tory, and then I generally received 
more information than 1 either expect- 
ed or desired. One of these occasions 
I well remember, for the conversation 
eventually led to serious results for 
me. 1 had gone down to »]*•: 
week with the Gastons. One rainy 
afternoon — too wet to drive over to 
the village, as wc had intended — I 
had just mrV ii the strange, 

story of that gay and festive 
American citizen, Mr. St. Elmo, and, 
as usual when at a loss for something 
to do, 1 began to look around !■ a I 

1 soon found him in : 
but so entirely engrossed with a book 
that he did not notice my entrance. 



re you reading?" I 

"Oh!" said he, "nothing 
would inte 

■ I.ct me see ?" I took the be 
and read the title-page: Inlroduit, 
/.' a I).-.u! I. iff. l-'r 

o/S. Francis &f Sales. " Why, Die 
said I, " this is Thursday, not Sunday 

•• What do you me 

•• W: i, •• on Sunday 

ible, <>r some 
book, and read a sjh.I1 — needn't i 
very long, you know, about cnoi 
to keep your face straight for 
rest of the day. It's the tiling to j 
good young man, and all that sort i 
thing, you know — Cela whs pose, i 
the French say ; but as to pious i 
ing, except for that nr to fight a i 

pith — never heard of such 
thing. Hut what's your book abot 
Who is your Saks man ? S 
• stick-in-the-mud' of a sti 

i$C is not of the 
litest," n s, "but I will 

swer four question. S. Fn 
Sales was not what you dcscnt>e, 
anelcgan: 

a graduate of the Sorbonne at Pi 
and of the University of Fa 
where, after a brilliant cxaminatk 
be took the degree of doctor of 
with greal on." 

• That might all be," I answe 
for I was determined not to accqjt 
1 1 1 k's saint without a fight, as was 
indeed my duty, being a tta ■:. 

tettant— a n&rno oi evtr 

have any trouble in Ailing, for, 
understand it, you have nothing to do 
but deny everything the Romanists 
assert — "that might ail be, I sup- 
pose he took refuge in orders 
sanctimony because lie had a game- 
leg, like your Loyola man there — 
i do you call him ? yes, S. Igna- 
tius — brave fellow, by the 
a good soldier — orelse he w 
by some handsome girl." 



My Cousins introduction. 



'73 



g of the kind. I Its early 

years, his youth, hi al life, and 

advent in tlie world were all 

marked by a modi . and 

icty that seemed to be the sure 

ursor of a saintly life." 

i , " I have it now. 
He must have been a hard-featured 
fcflow, so ugly, most probably, that, 
• being his only resource, lie be- 
aae a regular old square-toes of a 
move -ire of the mail." 

My cousin took a new book off the 
Ub;< How ugly he was 

ear from his Protestant 
biographer." Listen : 

i-ditijc stature, a peculiar 
■fceiiurti unstudied dijtiilv of manner. he 

. xl somewhat slowly, as 
tough to check ll 
of j healthy franc 

IfcC" 

S-iUiiy ****■! ami 

fts> ' . . i y ; a 

complex'.: 

• 
sod. ACroKllng to one who km- 
U once so ! 

a mote imposing presence.' 

"That's all very u. orered, 

101 to give it up 

• bat that work of his you were read- 

::/f, is nothing but a 

string of j»raj ers anyhow, isn't it ? — a 

son of a down-on-your-marrowboncs 

i lie reverse, my dear 
.' ;en the book was first 
poblisited, it 1 upon 

.rid became immensely popu- 
dsely because its audu 
i-.ent with prescribing rules for ex- 

Iso to 
. 
Let me read 
co* a sbott t 



..d**» ami i 
r—Btn. kit nc"*-"- l»n*».oue«J.«=j( :»m- 
MAtC 



chanter, and you will at once sec that, 
te opinion of & of Sales, 

the mere down-on-your-marrowb 

:ice, as you not very elegant- 
ly phrase it, will not, el itself, take 
) 

" Well," said I, " Dick, this is get- 
ting to be rather more than I bar- 
ed for ; but I'll tight it out on this 
line ii it take* mc till tea-time. So 
go on." Ami be re 

M of 

his pictures in die ..-! snd rcscmbUoce 
of the woman he loved, to every one 
.is devotion according to his own pas- 
sion and fancy. He that Is MJ 
fasting, thinks himself very devout it DC 
fasts, though his heart be at the same 
filed with rancor; and. scrupling to 
moisten liii tongue with wine, or cren 
wiili water, through Mbrtety, he hostuvtw 
Dot i ' driah deep "I his neighbor"! blood 
by deli ji ii> ii •iinv. Another 

Ml becaust he m 

■rt, though Im- 
• ho utters disagree- 
able, arrogant, and injurious word* 

amongst h mcs and neigh'' 

AaOtl raws alms out of his 

purs>' 10 ' poor, but cannot 

draw : 1 1) forgive 

his I iei readily forgives 

cnciii.i-. but B*1 I his creditors 

bat by constraint ] use arc 

esteemed ritnrC-Ut, while, in reality, they 
are bj- no means »o." 

it'll pretty plain talk," was my 
comment—-" a good deal plainer than 
they give it to us down at our meet- 
: sets a fellow to think- 
too." And here I was aboil 

■sion, when I 
1 »0S in 

</i battle, with my enemy 

it So I charged again Wi 
•«0o sy enough to write oi 

preach the most pious precepts, and, 
at I lime, not be at all re- 

markable lor then practice. If your 
b a fine gentleman 
as you describe, I strongly suspect 
th.it that very fact kept him pretty 
the world, and that he 



»74 



ify Cousin's Introduction. 



may have been, after all. a mere or- 
namental guide-post •." point out to 
others the road he had no idea of 
himself." 
" George, jrou are incorrigible, and 
I doubt that you real I the 

half of But I 

shall not ask ept my opin- 

if S. Francis of Sales' personal 
Here is a Protestant climate 
of it : ' There is a beauty, a syni- 
grace of holiness, 
in all that concerns the venerable 
Bis: -nevn which fascinates 

the imagination and fills the heart. 
Beauty, harmony, refinement, I 

:ci uniclfconsciousness,love 

of God and man, welling up and 

forth as a clear fountain that 

never ran be Stayed Of Staunched — 

h are the and thot; 

that till the mind as we dwell I 
his meraoi 

-i tinned my 
COU i Sales retu 

t» i i. after h. 

Let vc years a scholar .it 

tiic . the 

grr.- 81 hail an 

for the advancement 
of ' agreement of 

the pare is to 

man 

nd the 

icndeted 

-a of senator: 

ie most energetic 

remonstrances and prayers of his 

the nur- 

and 

d in minor orders 

•ember of the same 

■tnpase>i.-he. 

. 

•ten, and - The 

the 

Geneves* t*» pmious 



years been conquered and oe 

by the Bernese, one of th< 

i .ivinisin became picdc 
nant. Restored to the I ' 

'}' ' n '593 ns { ' lc : 
ties, it was important to provide 
the spiritual wants of the few static 
cd Catholics who remained, 
learned ami pious priest name 
r.ent to one of tin 
towns of the Chablais, but was cor 
pcilcd to leave it, on account of 
fierce and hostile attitude o( the in- 
habitants. It wis SOOfl :>od 
that any Catholic priest who under- 
took to minister there publicly would 
do so at his peril. There was an 
absolute necessity that some one 
should go, but the Bishop ol 
naturally hesitated to order any of 

priests to so dangerous a 
I Ic would gladly have sent Franca; 

-, for he saw that he posse- 
all the qualities desirable in so criti- 
cal an emergency — braver)', firm" 

1 gentleness, besides a 

_• and family pi 
manded respect throughout the 
country. Sorely embarrassed, the 
good bishop convened a 
and all his ecclesiastics were sum- 
moned to be present. He laid the 

ICI before thcru, together with the 
letters of the reigning duke, spoke 
plai: I [lerils of 

the mission, and asked their counsel 
as to what should be done. A 

'■ase of an overwhcl 

charge on a forti- 
fied place, where the captain or com- 
mander hesitates to order men to 
. and calls for volun- 
teer*, so the good I 
manner really ask. twill 

dertake this danger 

Francis of Sales to speak 
N o one present knew as w ell 
• the most serious danger 
the proposed mission. 



My Cousin's Introduction. 



175 



Amid profound and discouraging 
rif? arose, and said, ' Mon- 
u hold me capable of the 
i roc undertake it, I am 
' — few words, but to the point, 
n of what had taken place 
reached Chateau de Sales, and 
his sev ears, the 

instantly ordered his horse, and 
to Annccy, where he imploring- 
moo- I l>Cg- 
im to withdraw his offer 

-. the son the old man went to 
wthop, and protested in tears 
the step about to be taken. 
up,* he exclaimed, ' my first- 
thc pride and hope of my I 
uf my old age, to the 
«h ; I consent to his being a 
nor ; but I cannot give him to 
martyr.' The father's remon- 
K was so powerful, his grief so 
exit, ' good bishop was 

ply moved, and gave rig: 
ering, when Francis, perceiving 
/neur, be 

1 have mc 

■ of the king- 

t have put my hand 

nic 

X back, and yield to worldly con- 

IrrMitms?' 

But the father held out as well 

said to Francis, in pai 
can ever make ti 

moment, scver- 
k offered the I 

1 j, bat he would take 

t. It would be a long 
ry to go 

inces, 

ovince might 

■ f being dragooned 

id been 

:Jut the mild 

ah, labors, and dangers 



; 



most formidable, his holy life and 

g words of peace and re 

'sedition, transform- 
ed hatred into respect and admiration, 
and the 001 te Chablais 

was the result of 

was during 1 that he even 

penetrated into the camp of the 
enemy, goi Genera • 

times to essor, 

Theodore Bcza, then seventy-eight 
years of age, 
" The Apostle of the Chablais, as 

i de Sales was henceforth 
called I duke, was now 

urged by the aged Bishop of Geneva 

inie lilt coadjutor, and with 
great difficulty was almost forced to 
accept the position. He was soon 
after sent to Rome, to ask the good 

Of the sovereign pontiff in ar- 
ranging a serii. :..• between 
Savoy and France, a» to whether 
Geneva was included in the 
sions of the treaty of Vervins. Hav- 
ing transacted the I of his 
n, he was notified by Clement 
VIII. tn prepare for a public e 
nation in his present. a few 

It is related, ns cl 

'.rong tense of justice and in- 
depend. t, with all his 

ence for pontifical authority, and his 

own personal humility, the 
first impulse resist 

this order as an infringement 

'csiaitical rights. He laid the 
matta before the ambassador of 
mediately sought an 
audience of his holiness. Clement 
VIII. at once recognized the validity 
of the objection, and id that 

the case should not be ti 

lent He had much, 

the ability and 
:■•>, that he was <! 
of an opportunity of judging of it 
himself, as was also 
Cardii was then 

agreed, thou and the cxami- 



f* 



Wy Cousin's Introdui: 



nation go on. The only preparation 
.r this formidable tii.il 
— prayer. Indeed, there was no 
- for any other, for there were but 
three days between the order ami the 
ordeal 

■ mg the cardinals before whom 
appeared were Baronias, Fc- 
derigo Borromeo, Borghcsc, 
among their Bcl- 

lannine. Added to these was a 
crowd of archbishops, bishops, gen- 
erals of religious orders, and many 
eminent ecclesiastics of lesser dignity. 
A Spanish print of distinguished 
learning, who was to hare presented 
himself with Francis for examination 
before this body, was so overpowered 
on catering the hill that he I'm:: 
The scope of the examination includ- 
ed drfl law, canon law, and theology, 
bw it was confined to the last-named 
branch. Thirty-fire questions were 
proposed, and every possible objec- 
tion was raised by the examiners to 
all the answers. The examination 
over, his holiness expressed 
preme satisfaction, went to Fr= 
and embraced him in presence of the 
assembly, repeating the verse : ' Bibe, 
nli mi. aquam de chxema tua. et flu- 
enta putei tui; deriveotur fontes tui 
foras, « m plateis aquas Was divide.' • 
-In January, i6o», Francis was 
sent to Paris, charged with the ar- 
rangement of certain ccclesia.-: 
dM i c»lDes which had arisen in conse- 
quence of the b: r of the 
small territory of Gex from Savoy to 

.otiations wu 
ministers arc pcoverbially slow, and a 
matter that Francis su] 
be i. ,iays ret* 

six months. Bat for 
•t time. He ■, 
its* .n sermons at the 



... 









Royal Chapel, preached cons 
in various churches and commi 
nd was so tireless in his spit 
labors that during ti 
months he is said to have dclivc 
one hundred sermons. It was 
that he suggested 
tic dc Berulle (afterwards 
dinal) the foundation in r'i. 
an order for the education of 
clergy, on the model of the Ora 
■lishcd in Italy by S. Philip [ 
The project was carried out, ant 
i6ir, when the Oratory was est 
lished in France, i:s founder ask 
Francis of Sales to be its first 
rinr. 

'•The reigning King of France 
was then Htnry IV. lie so highly 
prized and admired De Sales that he 
offered him every inducement to re- 
main in France. He recognized in 
Francis the possession of all the 
qualities ami virtues belonging to the 
model ecclesiastic, and best calcula- 
ted to make religion resrx 
loved in a commi nedy re- 

covered from the evil effects of reli- 
gious wars. The learned Cardinal 
Terron also appeared to be of 
the same opini - said: ' I 

has certainly Sales) 

the key of hearts. If you want merely 
to convince men, bring me all the 
heretics, and I will undertake to 
it ; but if you want to convert them, 
take them to Mgr. de Gcnere.' " " 

•■ Richard, cousin of mine," said 
!.-. ■ arc is Scriptural, heap- 

ed up and running over. I ask 
a question about that little book 
e on the table, rnc 

entire biography of your Sain: 
Sales. It's all very edifying, certain- 
lv, but I want to know about the 

! The Dfxvit Life /" he re- 
plied. " I will tell you. In the first 

• Tut 1*W of M» btffccyric <tty wiid Fundi 
<]• 9stM was ttaa C***a*y ki° w= ia l'»: ■■■- 



■'ion. 



177 



place, a singular fact connected with 
completed be- 
lt he had 
a book. It happened 

beautiful, and wealthy 

laMe Parisian 

»ra a sermon 

by the Bishop of Geneva 

she resolved to lead a new 

il advice. 
: enl 

i with zeal without 
.; the world. Seeing her 
seldom, he wrote from tin 
ns as he 1 
convey, and also answered her 
letters asking for forth ( >n 

a visit to Chambcry. Mine, de Char- 
was the lady's name 
pets to the learned 
} pious Pete Forric i the 

i at that place. 
so nn with their con- 

tots tint he had them copied, and 
•fo« is of Sales, now Bishop 

ig him to publish 
hem. The 

snderstand what lie meant, and 
phed tliat he h ad no talent fur air.: 
ihip, and n When 

the matter was explai : he 

| accrtaincd that 1 Porrier had 

^^Bcd and written out 1 .ill- 

notes,' he 
t is a wonderful 
10 these good 
".e, I have composed a b 
knowing it' Very oppor- 
Mee)y there n n at this junc- 

of 

earnest » de 

'Ould write a 

I 

- 

iid the 
book but 

— 11 



" Thus pressed on all sides, the 

bishop set to work. mnc 

changes and additions* in the ma 

sen; it under the 

liar title of latndmtim U •( 

•work had no : 
literature. *It was neither apob: 
nor controversial, noral 

. and this 
religious d 
war- -enormous. Prais- 

es of ihelxx>k and its author poured in 
upon all odes. I d enco- 

' 
1 What f he si tot God make 

fresh -water Springs to come forth 
from the jaw-bone - These 

good friends of mine think ol 
but me and my glory, as though 

ire any glory for ourselves, 
and: ; .id, who 

alone works any good which may be 

Ultimo, the /. • was 

Iran 
will. 

tinM the brtVi the 

world. 
•• 'II 
the book arc full oJ rj attrac- 

turcs and flowers, 

with similes ... 

lots 
plenty of sugar and boney on tHc 
of the vase.' J 
. this grace of langu.: 

1 the saci 

'Hie 
work ha.-. !S full of som- 

bre tru; .1 

]K- 

• " <n--mf Jr fltilll tliv:: 

tio -=.1 % 1 . imis- 

X mndntr. 
' In cidy •rp* i ' 

■icrt «t un : '1 <la 

•Hit." 



\fy Cousin's Introduction. 



cuhar vigor of :t similar chapter 
(twenty-third uf the first book) in 
Tfti/mas ii A'ei-. 

u Then, there is a sharpness of pene- 
tration an icy of insight sur- 
prising to those who have not closely 
watched the springs of human action 
the working of (be human heart 
in themselves as well 3s in others. 
Disi moralists, such as 
rankiin, have, dis- 
I effectively on 
tlic morals an . but 
in none of them the 
elevation and porky of S. Francis of 
re, the thirty- 
third hook. |a 

pete dity and 

inju- impt us in every - 

i the most selfish acts, con- 

-cM ami passion, 

.-• we pretend to ourselves Bad 

othn i '"conscious of 

anything in our conduct that is not 

i -ten and 

be introduces the 

• It is reason alone thai 

makes us men. and yet it is a t;irc 

ig to find men truly reasonable ; 

because selMore ordioarily pats us 

path of reason, leading us 

msibly to a thousand .small yet 

dangerous injustices and partialities, 

whi little foxes spoken of 

in the CaitHfk destroy the vines ; 

mat they are little, we take 

DO] , but, being great 

in numb.: I not to injure us 

lerably.' 

• r.-ingly lie 

at on sp< lera- 

that to • i an apparently 

as v\ nv: 

" ' Are not the things o( which I am 
about to speak unjust and unreason- 
able? We condemn every irille in our 
neighuots, and excuse ourselves in things 

want to sell ■ 
dearly, and to buy rery cheaply ; ire desire 



that justice should be sxecuu 

roan's house, but mercy and con 

D ; wc would have i 
m tay taken in good part, hat 
It and touchy with regard 
what others Say of us ; wo would insist > 
"in :n'igbbor parting with':. i 
taking our money; but is it not mor 
that "he should ki 
ad lean us our bom 

i.l that lie nill not accommod 
u» ; but bai b( BOt more reason to be i 

should desire t> 
mode linn ; . . . On ail o 

Ich before the poor, .1 
li'.r of better condition, 
more virtuous ; wc even prefer those 1 
arc best clad. We rigorou 
own due*, but we d 

Should Ik gentle in demanding thcll 
wo keep our own rank with prcclsto 
lint would have others humble and con- 
coHploia easily of our 
must complain of 
u» ; what wc do for others seems alv. 
very considerable, but what others do 
ms as nothing. We have | 
QOB»: one to weigh to our own 
vantage, and the other to weigh 
detriment of 011 1 'ifi, 

knt tfekt* Tfi/A a 
dtutti Atari/ and to have two weights, 

■ •ire, 

and 1!" othei U 

; abominable tiling in the sight of 

" The book must l>e interesting," 
said I. " You must lend it to 

1 ;v, George," my cousin 

an$i- newbat to my surprise, 

" you had better select something 

cisc for your reading; for, if you wish 

merely to pass away the time in its 

perusal, it will most certainly tlis.ip- 

ynii, and you ■ it dry 

and dull. If, indeed, you desire to 

read it with a motive corresponding 

tolii aim in writing it, that's 

another I i • book is 

and the for 

the calculating head and worl 

mind. There's nothing about it of 

lyle calls „■'. 

jeet is you 



Cousin's Introduction. 



at in this world, but in the 

In what language," I inquired, 
this workwrittc: 
•• In French, of course." 
•• But Francis of Sales was, you 

i Savoyat 
-True,- replied Dick; "what 

'•Vhy, perhaps be didn't write 
pore French ?" 

'crhaps not. You arc an 
American, ire you not, Geor. 
i course I ain; what tl-^t 

t, perhaps you don't 
speak the English language cor 

! that," continued Dick, '* re- 
minds me. a* our late President used 
to say. of a little story. You know 
that queer old original Mijor ■■ 
ttce, who lives just beyond the lake. 
1 l 11 relate that, whei 

young man, he was travelling in Eu> 
rape, and found himself one fine 

' Iosco v s. i ids or tidings 

60m home, except a letter advising 
him of the failure of his father's 
house. This was at a time v. 
travelling facilities were far inferior 
to those of the present day. He 
could not get away, and so sat d 
and studied the Moscow a 
meats. One of them demanded an 
En, for the two sons (a 

respectively fourteen and si\ 
years) of a Russian nobleman residing 
at a well-known chateau 
Eustace was a college g lie 

felt himself abundantly qualiiie:! 
the position, and made instant ap| 
canon. He was cordially received 

' be chances of obtaining an 1 
lish I Moscow wi .im. 

The Russian na.ee 

very closely as to his acquirements — 
tins conversation being, of course, in 
French — and things went on v 
tsungij until he a 

from what part ol : he 

ice replied that he was 



an AaxriBUk The Russian's face 
fell. 'And what language do they 
speak in .'. 

" ' In the States we speak 

ii.' replied Eusl 

it it must be ifatahf objected 
the i 

"•Nnt.it ;.li; said Eustace. ' U'e 
have no dialects, and, taken as a body, 
the American people speak better 
baa the people of I 
•• I i D could not O 

Iicnd it. The 

was not engaged. Oun. .vent 

the way to St. 1 vhat 

he wanted, ami retained ium> 

pliant with his ! lish tutor. 

Meantim omcthing 

else to do, and remained at Moscuw 
long enough to acquire the Russian 
langi -I make many pleasant 

acquaintance*. Being in London 
ir. l' yean afterwards, h the 

Russian colony there in a fit of lb;- 
meric laughter over the strange m 
hap of two young noblemen recently 
arrived from Moscow. Eustace at 
once recognized •; ■ of the 

Ru* 

Bpeak a patois. His sons hail I 
taught English by the tutor picked. 
up in St. Petersburg, and, fort ifi 
with plenty of money and cx<:< -: 
letters of introduction, fa 
over to icanire the polish <>r a London 
season in the igftsh sock 

In this society, then, th> their 

d/tut speaking English Huentljf 
tht broadat Yorkshire duilett .' 

•• Now, to return to your Savoyard 
objection," continued my cot) 
now, my dear Geoi 
that Savoy is essentially French in 
tongue and general characteristics of 
race. The trench language is both 

Md written there in ail 
purity; and many authors of world - 
wide reputation a French writers arc. 
in n LVOyards. There is, 

Lgehts the gram 









i8o 



My Cousin's Introduction. 



Saint- Rial the hisl the 

poet, the great Joseph dc Maijtre, 
Maittre, whose 
Voyage autour de ma Cltambre 1 know 
yon i ; ami, in our own day, 

c 1 1 ■ .hose success as a no vel- 

ist has made the Parisian romancers 
look sharply to their laurels. I have 
I of S. l'raneis of 
Sales for a special reason. He wrote 
at a period when the French language 
under the influence of Malhcrbc was 
soon to settle down into its modern 
form : and so pure is his language 

I phraseology, even tried by the 
highest French Standard, that he is 
one oft;: ithon adopted by 

the French Academy when its cele- 
brated Dictionary of the language was 
undertaken. The list of prose writers 

uded, among other uuet 

of Amyot, Montaigne, Charron, 
Artiauld, S. Francis of Sales, Duples- 
iay, Cardinal du Perron, etc., 
etc.* S. Francis of Sales is thus, you 
perceive, a Fiench classic. 'Die 
English translations we have ci 
works," continued my con 

"OhP said 1, " tlic old story — 
;Ji/ors\—as the Italians 
say." 

•' Prcciscly'so, for the sense and 
sub- od then, for the I 

and setting, a period of nearly three 
hundred years has so modified .-.hades 
of signification and value in words 
which to-day apparently live the 
same general meaning, that in our 
the subtle aroma 
and the more delicate beauties of 



• s 

■■•. He i»j>: " l£n 

1 1 m«- 
I .-m u» DicCionuar 
Ic uiwr cl Ic uiaRUin «!e» Ictmo 

IKCIC^OCX Pull, die 

-oecu^e ilu ellOU d«a aoleara ejut »T»l81« 

■ tc lanxue, el dont Ic, ;,a«aaKfe* 

la |iro*e "— ttd 1. ft I .1 of 

led. 
t A In 



thought and language appear to i 
poratc in the process of translator. 

" There is a certain charming sim- 
plicity and qoaSatness in the original 
to which our grand modem style re- 
fuses to bend ; and it appears to 
that wc might have had an English 
vni Life really re- 
dolent of its authc : .; it could 
possibly have been y one of 
that noble band of j suit 
martyrs judicially murdered by Queen 
b — say Campion or South- 
well, fur instance, who WTOtc in the 
English of Shakespeare's day — a peri- 
od exactly COI ng with that 
ofS. Francis dc Sales." 

'•To sum it all up, then." said I, 
"you ask me to ai 

ction, and yet refuse me an op- 
portunity of judging fur myself." 

'•On the contrary, George; for, 
although I contend that it i 
able and) indeed, unsurpassed for 
its puq>ose, I have already said that 
a reader seeking in it purely literary 
gratification would most certainly be 
disappointed. I will say more, for 
1 will not allow you to monopolize 
the : of advocate* diaboli: 

the book, to our nineteenth century 
eyes, hat several defe 

'• What do you mean by calling 
•■te?" 
. .11, merely this. Cousin Geor 
In our church, whenever it 
posed to canonize as a saint a per 
of holy life, there is a member of t] 
commission appointed to examine I 
case, whose- duty it is rigidly to 
tinizc all the testimony preset 
to the holy life of the decei 
require the strictest proof, 
present and urge every valid obj< 
tion to its •-, such as 

duct. i-ial, 

in short, is a sort of infernal pros 
ting has 1 ence received 

the descriptive nickname of adx-oca- 



My Cousin's Introdu 



IS I 



Now, it appears to tne, 
Cousin George, I mo- 

ment our conversation on the Davut 
Life began, ea plying 

hi* *- 

! coald not deny is. 10 I .-.;iiil no- 
thing, and allowed Gaston to go on. 
No ; so far from claiming perfec- 
tion for the work, I vriil volunteer a 
en tic ism or two upon it. In the 
place, there is an excess ■ 
urn, and the multitude of compari- 
sons and images becomes I 
Many of these images arc full of grace 
and simplicity, especially those drav> n 
from the writer's observation of na- 
ture ; (ot I -•*, as wc 
gather from this book, had a quick 
and syrii ippreciation of tlic 
charm i pes, the song of 
birds, the fast f flowers, and 
the thousand beauties of nature 
ible only lo one who truly loves na- 
ture, and sincerely worships nat 
God. But there is an excess of all 

id when he gets beyond 
fine of personal sympathy and ob- 
servation, the comparisons lie 
atiflT, and frequently violate 
taste. Those di 

history, for in incd and 

incongruous. The writer must b 
found his Paphlagonian partridges 
with two hearts in Pliny. 'Inere are 
Buny things, too, which to us ap- 
10 k in excessively bad (. 

lefect not chargeable to 



the author individually, but to the 
age in n 
. there arc ' spots un 
BOB.' S. Francis of Sales did not 

(bl fame as an author, • 
deed, from any worldly motive, 
•classic style' and 'the Frcncl: 
Academy' were inducements which 
never engaged his attention, 
is nothing of the rhetorician in In-. 
phrase, for it ii almost familial in its 
case and simplicity. Uut there's 
the tea-bell, my dear George, 
ably a hap] I one of us, 

fnr 1 fear I have bored you dread- 
fully." 

D the contrary, my 
for I have been as much edified as 

ted in the saintly life you have 

il to me." 
" Why, my dear hoy, I haven't tnl 
you the half of it ; nor, itidec I 
know it thoroughly. But if il at all 
interests you, here it is." 

I read it, ind ban since read the 
lives and some few of the wi 
several other saints, with what 
suit El he public 

know. I can only say that I 00) 

to fight it out on my | 

t takes till doomsday. Cou- 
sin I hi |[ and 1 BXQ firmer I. 
than ever, and Aunt M: 
time to time asks me, with a sli^ln 
tone ofaarci ay f.ishiou- 

able bonnets at our church last Sab- 
bath ? 



J 

ch 



1 82 



Madame Agnes. 



i'AMi: AGNES. 

ma Tm rnacM or aicu ovaut. 
COXI'UUON. 



At out return, we found my mother 
had prepared the dinner as usual on 
the days we went into the country. 
We joyfully seated ourselves at the 
table. Milt i* more delightful than 
a family dinner ? And all 

Louis was also in our midst. 

tor was uncommonly lively that 
evening. His (ace, so open, intelli- 
gent, and kind, was radiant 1 had 

i seen him so social and witty. 

animation enlivened us all — we 
loved him so much ! Excellent 
man I what made him so happy was 
the remembrance of the good deed 
be had done .it the peril of his life. 

<cd him more uy times 

that evening if he felt any worse, ami 

if it were not advisable to Rod tot a 

ician. He invariably replied 
that h..- felt as well as the day before, 
and even better. Dut his cough 
grew worse from that time, and 
red me serious alarm. During 
icr we conversed on general sub- 
jects, and afterward* went to thc- 
talon. Victor installed himself be- 
side the blaring lire which 1 always 
had made for him in the evening. 
My mother and sister went up to 
their own apartments. We were 
:■ with M i rjujj B 
He turned towards Victor with 
• look lull of respect and affection, 
and I observed with astonishment that 
tears were streaming from his cy. 
- Madame," ■ Li d be to m< 
must ap| 'fjcly to you. Ah ! 

not the worst oi it I am a 
great sinner." 

(I to stop him. 



«• No," said he ; •• I will not 
silence. Mmc. IJarnier must ki 
everything, as well as you, nol 
hearted man, whom I dare not 
my friend: I feel too unwort' 

He seated himself, and, sadly gaz- 
ing into the fire, b> tory in a 
tone as grave and sorrowful as if he 
were making a solemn avowal of his 
faults before dying : 

Ten years ago, said he, I was 
ian, not only in name, but in 
!. My mother, a pious, 
eue; nan, such as we do nol 

see in our day, brought me up with 
extreme care, and I did my utmost 
to correspond to her efforts. It is 
so easy and delightful to practbe 
I religion when one has faith, and 
feels that his endeavors arc at once 
pleasing to a mother and to God I 
My other studies over, I became a 
candidate for the Polytechnic School, 
but was not successful in my a; 
cation. I then entered another, in 
order to learn civil engineering. By 
the end of a year, I had given up all 
my piOUS habits through want of 
moral courage, hi 
ever, remained firm enough to con- 
demn me and fill mc with remorse, 
but they were incapabl ain- 

iii g one who had imbibed a taste for 
error. Even my mother's death 
her last words, though the. 
mc, did not bring mc to a sense of 
duty. A short time after 1 complet- 
ed mystu i ring, my 
f.i titer gave me possession of what I 
inherited from my mother, and at 
what course I intended to 



Jatne A gins. 



183 



■ Remain at home," I rq ■'.; 

work under the ilircclion of M. 

C ," an architect of the dc 

mem, and a friend of the family. My 
t»t :ict gave his consent to 1 

master 01 
time and , 1 made no di 

in commencing a life of 1 
ar. i pleasure. My father was, above 
. a roan of forethought and 
calculation, and my conduct disgust- 
ed him. We had several painful 

disputes, *"<' • 11 ,ist ne decJan 
we hi* own expressive language, he 

«ov! ease 

ich me, but I must not 
• 
advice or even aid, if I needed it. 
He then centred all his affections 
on my brother and sister. As for 
me. I had begun by bring idle and 
■M became O] 
;v My religious | 
weir ltd I determined to 

«c ibem aside. I thoi 
srould be easy. And I did prove 
tnjicii emcomirK when 

tbe preacher we had some months 
ago told us so many plain, wholc- 
totiic uuCi:. I was not one of •■ 
guti' induct, whom 

all respectable people m 

dae j iu — I approved of it, contemp- 
t\tf» and wicked .is it was. My 1 
science was n I, and rem 

r being dead, then 
notmfci 

tJ Be A le'.:.- Mlt •liii;i'- . 

:. and at- 
ICMtfc to his bu • 

kaa of soother wodd as if there were 
■eat << brother 

©arding-s 
MM Mi 

. 1 in t, and bears 

iiblance t<> ; 



She has the same kindness of heart 
and the same tone of piety, at once 
fervent an ( always 

loved and admired i:i «■ I 

had been separated orn m 
many years, and w.ren I met 
•gain, I wb Eth this resem- 

blance, and at once conceived so 
much affection and respect for her as 

As soon as Aline returned 
the appearance of everything 
changed: the house became more 
attractive. I certainly do not n 

ipute any blame to my father — 

1 love and respect h for 

-but you know as well as I that 

a house is not what it should be that 

nan to preside over it. 

oet says the 1 ; of 

;i botUe is its soul, anil hi 

the house 

but there was a 

mar;. dine returned, 

Ktned as if my motl >me 

bock after a long thai 

• more an 
cwdei 

But the superintendence of the 

hou' rs, and her obligations 

:y, did not wholly :.:, up 

Alinea time. Like he ring 

image she was. she was cag. 
tend her k bee re- 

turn, my father had subscribed for 

the 

who wish to pass as .line 

sometimes read it, . i it. 

rtcd 

her it) 

"Well, l 

the ; "and, as I like to 

know wl on, l wii 

eoold nibacribe lot M. Baraiers 

per. Mine. C hfl 

I 



'74 



My Cousin's latroduftion. 



may have been, after all, a mere or- 

m( to 

othi .'1 lie had no idea of 

'• George, you are incorrigible, and 
>ubt that ynu really believe the 
half of what you But I 

shall not ask you to accept my opin- 
ion of S. Francis of Sales' personal 
■■-■ Here is a Protectant estimate 
of it : ■ There is a beauty, a sytn- 
grace of holiness, 
in all that concerns the venerable 
I encva which fascinates 
the.: (ion and fills the heart. 

Beamy, harmony, refinement, sim- 
iiy, utter unself-consciousness, love 
1 1 1 'I I and man, welling up 
burning forth as a clear fountain that 
never can be stayed or staunched — 
are the images and thoughts 
ti.it fill the mind as y»c dncll upon 

" It WHS in 1 : tinned my 

in," 

::, after h.. 
been for twelve years a scholar U 
-, and a student of the 
irld. His father hail anjbi- 
la projects for the merit 

of his only son. By agreement of 
rurcnts on both sides, he was to 
tnarry a rich heiress, the daughter of 
lite Seigneur de Vcgy; and the 
reigning Duke of Sat red 

hira the high position of senator ; 
not tig the most enc: 

remoastranct rayera of 

. tx and many friends, lie calmly 

but resolutely both the mar- 

e and the . and 

or orders 
by the Bishop of d or- 

dained priest in December 01 
year." 

"AH " I interposed. " he, 

of coo me of it." 

" Listen, and you shall hear. Hie 

by ol Qui lais, adjoining the 

e territory, had in previous 



years be: uid occup 

by '.lie Bernese, and, as one of 
results. Calvinism became prcdoi 
nant. Restored to the Duke 
Savoy in 1593 as the result 
ties, it was important to provide 
the spiritual wants of the few sea: 
cd Catholics who remained. 
Ited am! na: 

Bouehut was sent to one of 
towns of the Chablais, but was 
pcllcd to leave it, on account of 
e and hostile attitude of the 
habitants. It was soon undent' 
that any Catholic priest who 
took to minister there publicly vro 
do so a'. I. There was 

absolute necessity that some 
should go, but the Bishop of Gene 
naturally hesitated to order an 
hit priests to so dangerous a mission. 
lie would gladlj have sent Francis of 
Sales, for he saw that he posse 
all the qualities desirable in so a 
n emergency — bravery, firron 
prudence, and gentleness, b 
name and family position which - 
11 landed respect throughout the 
country. Sorely croba the 

good bishop convene pter, 

and all -re sum- 

moned to be present. He laid the 
matter before them, together with the 
letters of the reigning duk 
plainly of the 

the mission, and asked theii 
as to what should be done. A 
the case of an overwhelming peril at 

forti- 
fied place, where the captain or e 
mat itates to n t>> 

certain death, and calls for volun- 
teers, so the goc 
manner really asked, ' Who will un- 
dertake this dangeroi 

" As the head of the 1 
was for Francis of Sales to sj 

1 one present kn« 
as he the most serious dangers of 
the proposed mission. 



Cmim's lmt reduction. 



1 75 



profound a- 

be arose, and sod, *Mo»- 

i hold me cap* hie of the 

bid me undertake it, I am 

words, bat to the point. 

of what had taken place 

hatean de Saks, and 

bis seventy-two yt- 

|o Anoecr, where he trnploriog- 

kOnStrale*!« 

an to withdraw hs ofier 
romthe son the old man went to 
and protested is tears 
itep aboot to be taken. 
nHat cacd, * my first- 
and hope of ray fife, 
nrjr old age, to the 
: I consent to ha bang a 
.i ! cannot give baa to 
The father's reason- 
so powerful, lac grief so 
the good btsbop aas 
and gare signs of 

' Nloetseignewr, be firm, 

wocld yoahare me 

ir/ of the kmg- 

hand 

would too hare t&e 

and yield lo worhvy eon- 

cr held oat as wen 
von. * A> so thbood^ftakasg/ 
cLi . is partrax, ' ao- 
atake aseeaherataenoa 
' kue axxaoa, serer- 
pnes* oflcred the tnTe wbi i mu 
Acrompaay tirgt 1 pgt he wosnd take 
:t ha ceosin, rite Canon 
jtwoasdbeslGBg 
: kiasry to go 

index other 

of that p sow i a te might 

then* of 

they bad 

Bat the 

(nils, Uhoe-, 






H most 




most formidable, his hoir lite and 
wincing words of peace and reca 
liation shamed persecution, transform- 
ed haired into respect and admiration, 
aad the conversion of the Chablais 
was the resul: of his holy daring. It 
was daring this period that he om 
p en etra ted into the ramp of the 
enemy, going to Genera sereral 
times to visit Calvin's successor, 
Theodore Beta, then seventy-eight 
years of age. 

- The Apostle of the Chablais, as 
Francis de Sales was henceforth 
called by the reigning duke, was now 
arged by the aged Bahop of Genera 

sO DCCOSB£ DO f^wyrjUffff ■ s*SU Willi 

great dimcalty was almost forced to 
accept the position. He was soon 
after sent to Rome, to ask the good 
olnr f i of the sovereign |^.» ul i fl m ar- 
raagtag a seriows rhspotr between 
Savoy and France, as to whether 
Geneva was included in the pn 
son of the treaty of Y'crvias. Hav- 
ing transa cted the baii m m of hit 
mission, he was notified hy Clement 
VI I L to prepare foe a public exami- 
«►—■—» in his p r ese n ce within a lew 
days. It is related, as characteristic 
of his stu'mg s ense of justice and in- 
dependence, that , with all Ins rcver- 
ior r --w.»>~ i •' SfltaOtaS'.flH] Kb 
personal haauttty, the 
first BBpahc of Francis was to mist 
this order as aa mfongemcet apoa 
bis eodeaastical rights. He laid the 
matter before the iMliiasdra of 
Savoy, who 1 1 1 itsr iliatety soagat aa 

- - • jr-r. ,-» of • 1 • SSSSWi ' SBSSSSSl 

MIL at oaccrccogsaxed the rahdity 
of the ctjmioo. aad pnaawed that 
the case ahoald not be treated as a 

He had heasd so mads, 
he said, of the abocry aad talent 
of Dc Sales, that be was riotrcx* 
of as opsxwtaaay of jadgmg of it 
abo the Coilrg* 

The order, a was then 
aad the csaau- 



father desirous of gratifying Aline ? 
Or did lie wish jo seize an opportu- 
ing bow little value he 
alt. D? I know 

not. But he allowed me to B 
what I had to say, and then said, in 
a dry tone : 

i,-, semi M. Ramicr an invitt- 
It is my wish." 
I was confounded. In my fury, I 
inwardly swore to be revenged, 
means of btimi you, 

S members of the club had 
not been able to rind without ( 
ailing themselves, I thought I 
discovered myself the night be- 
i my plan to 
It whose names I 
will not gire, They declared it ex- 
cell' promised to second me. 

but I 
will 'jinc details im 

for you to have ascertained. I did 
not attend .•'<*, but one of my 

•re to keep me in- 
'.:d of your movements. \V 
you were ready to leave, he came to 
my room to notify me. It took only 
a moment to disguise ourselves. Wb 
went out by a private door, 
dogged your stqw. Ah! my deal 
friend, what infamous beha\ 
What had you done to me that I 
thus dare violate in your per- 
son the laws of hos; hich 
BCt? 

:ion, I turned pale. 
M. Lotus licauvais perceived it. 
•• Is not suci npardonable, 

id be, "And do 
nut look upon me as worthy only of 
jour contempt and hatred?" 

• I have forgiven those who com- 

•I this i Whoever they 

■ I know 

it was jiju, and sec how fully you re- 

moie 

Thank you, madame". said he ; 
t me ssaure you that, culpable 



;.' 



as my intentions were, I 
so than they must have seenx 
We were desirous of intimid 
icr, and making him b» 
utttan 
danger by ben of tl 

he had taken. We did no 
take — I did not intend to 
physical violence, for that 
ered base and criminal, 
dignant when I saw one of 
bcr strike him. I have ever 
garded that young man a 
found contempt. I had m 
one fit of remorse that nig 
next morning, Aline, after 
me, said: 

" Vm-.i know what happen 
B&miex Ian i 
It isinfamonsi it nMJtst ba 
plot. 1 am sure you know 
author;.: Who arc they 
I to be p> 

" How should 1 know 

exebtn 

B btOW them 
said Aline, regarding me wi 
of severity ; . . . " but 
not willing to betray vour 
. . . What friends!" 

I endeavored to appeal 
cemed. She continued I 
me with a steadiness that I 
shiver. 

i not add to my drstri 
she. ■ Do not lay aside i 
virtue you have left, my p 
ther — your customary frank 
understand it all, and know 
ought to say to you, but w 
' if our poor mot 
tttU alive '" . . . 

i it away without 

word. As for me, I rema: 
bonleai and tilent for some 
by turns G shame, 

oger. ... It would 
. 
ledmetoserionsrene 
dined to it at first, but 



Madam f Agnes. 



187 



Bon. I found excuses for ray- 
OusoonllK 1.101c of it. 

wanned, therefore, to live as I 
fe» fire years, ot - suc- 

bj another, ami spending my 
: reflecting what I 

hereafter. But the day 
It hind when I found myself in 
fc»l position in consequence of 
MipSty. 

tea my tulter, in order to avert 
fcr contention, put mc in pos- 

y mother's property, I at 
Ink ray papers to a man in 

id entire confidence. 1 

tder to throw off all care. 

n for .1 long time my fa- 
cubicr. He was and is lion- 

m 

said I. "here is 
losses*. 1 > care for 

papers and collect 
Mrac the favor to 

BTjre of my property." 
Urtii: "met! and ■ 

such a proof of confidence, 
pleasure w as somewhat 

I added the following 

I attach one con- 
s arrangement : you arc 
kc advantage of it to ser- 
ine. I now tell v 
tn that v. 
wish : 

U degree, or how long, I can- 
11 li is my prcv : 
■ 

Mae 
i if to take back my parti 

reach 
akecare! . . . 
ten to some one who 

instead of mc: 
property a little, 1 
in two y -it the 

v md it 



" Dreadful boy ! I always said you 
had the faculty of uakil ody 

;. 1 will do as you 
wish." 

"Ah! that is right, <>»c word 
more. When I have but twenty 
thousand fiancs left, you may warn 
mc — not bcfoiv 

Things went on thus till a few days 
l . ■. prnpnty with a 

iity that frightened me when I 
thought of it. My father perceived 
My extravagance excited hi; in- 
1, but, faithful to his M 
to avoid all contention, be forcbore 
saying anything. Not quite a fort- 
night ago, I met •• 
pointtnent An old aunt uf n 
died. 1 had calculated on being her 
left all she had to my 
sister and othcT n md gave 

mc nothing. My ui. nit 

had for some time prejudiced her 
This di Dent 

made me quite thoughtful. I wrote 

ISoxtin that I wished to 1:: 
the exact state of my affairs. Tho 
: day Martin arrived at the 
ited hour. He was pale and agi- 
tated — pitifully so. 

1 anti- 
cipated me. 1 was going to re<; 
an interview with you. You have 
now only twenty thousand 

I made a strong effort tO control 

my* ling 

"Well done! thai ia rather fast 

"So fast that I can hardly b 
you have come t Bui it is 

really 

™ Where are the twenty thousand 
francs, Martin ?" 

'■ Why, I have not got thfil 
lis I I have 01 u.d 

left besides what you I * 

At this, my strength ahnosl 
me. I at once tea 

be- 
fore, I had withdrawn twenty thou- 



1SS 



ladame Agnts. 



sand fnmcs from Martin's bands under 
the pretext of inverting them in a 
particularly advantageous manner. 

_.v trip i >•• pi*y> a,ul *° n,c 

. )rc . Ms absorbed this sum 

without Martin's knowing it. 1 qui- 

| I would 

gee «'i m a S ain {llc next day« Ll -*ft 
alone. 1 balanced my accounts. 

Alas! my affairs were despea 
The five thousand Irani ! 111 Martin's 
posscv-ion were alt I had left, and 
n ,y debts amounted to I 
thai sum ! 

All day yesterday I remain 
pencil, as it were, at so unexpected a 
disclosure. My father had gone to 
Paris. I resolved to take rcfu 
the country, and come to 
sion. 1 went, scarcely knowing nh.it 
j n . angry with myself, with 

everybody else, and desperate. All 
night I sought tome way of escape 
from tl'-' •'''"•' thai bad iiefall- 



our house, and fell into a gloc 

The sleepless nights, the I 
ing, the habits to w ! sue 

sivcly given myself up fur years, 
:•;! anxiety of the previous ni 
had excited and weakened my n< 
ous system. I was, as it were, 
prived of my reason. 

While 1 was thus lingering on 
shore, it seemed as if a m rater 
voice invited mc to bury myself in 
current before mc. A terrible stni| 
took place between my reason, 
instinct that i. me, and 

hallucination that kept drawing 
nearer the bank. Reason failed 
in ■ f.: oi despair, I cast myself 
the stream. As soon as 1 felt 
cold water, my reason, my d 
awoke as ardent as in the days of 
boyhood. A cry issued from the i 
s of my soul: "O Mary, i 
It would be impossible to 
you with what fervor, what terro 
uttered this short prayer — impossi 



en me. I walked to and fro. 1 

anger I sank into the most profound also, to express the immense joy 
lion. The very thought of ap- filled mv heart when I realized I 
ply:; "jpation what- 

L-ared, above all, intolerable. 
When mornin 
cally went to walk beside the river 
that runs about a hundred jards from 



saved. But what c inin| 

with this joy — what gratitude, 
what admiration of the designs 

God, when I taw it was you who 
rescued me at the peril of yot 






BKOTIlr.K '. 



jur lil 



M. Louis Bcauvais had finished 
his story. 

-And now." said Victor, ii 
cheering, confidential tone of one 
friend who wi encourage an. 

other, "what are you going to 
do J • 

"That is precisely the question 
i.e. In fai:t. 1 sec 
nn way of tolviog it Were you to 
ask mc what I am not going to 
oh I then I ihould DO! be CO '■■ 
for a reply. At all 
the means, I should nor wish to con- 



tinue the life I have led. N 
any longer desire to escape from 
:. position I am in by hai 
recourse to the cowardly, crim 
means I took in a moment of n 
nets. Suicide nils me with hor 
One thus: behold death face to I 
as I have today, to realize how ea 
a man can deceive himself, I 
really arrived at sm 
fcrcnccand insensibility that ii 
OS il I had never had any ■ 
but the terrible thought no so< 
tpTang up in my soul that 



1 89 



i appear before God, than 1 
Ed myself as sincere a believer as 
tbe day of my first cr. 
whole life passed in review 
roc, and 1 1 
.out awaiting : sentence, 

en I recall the inexpressible terror 
that moment; when I remember 
rod had r. ray assist- 

.t, had it not been for 
.mid have been for 
re springs up in my I 
DOtin le to 

heavenly Fathi who 

e the agent of his ma 
Then, my friend." replied Victor 
•• you will allow me to make 

Consider whatever you would ask 
ie granted in advai 
Then, forget the past six or 
rs of your life, and become again 
your mother's 
tence." 

pi: 1 my word to do JO, 

. ■ 1 

make wi! -iblc joy. 

is not all. What course do 
?" 
I may form an 1 

it you say, she must lie 

■..ice, kind feel i 
I four place, I wo 
known my 1 
. her advi' 

best course to 
> me. I 

evening. 
to be absent a clay or 
ill have a good op- 
ing freely .. 

. I 
• 1 will rc- 
you an acc< 

ifter. 
1 with all 

10 impressive a spectacle to 



behold a soul break loose from past 
habits, and return to God humiliated 
cious of hi* weakness — re- 
pentant, Utd burning with ardor to 
enter upon a n 

r was seri- 
ously ill. Fearing he was going to 
die, I exclaimed, in a moment of 

"Oh! that ui 11 adventure I 

That wretched young man will be the 
death of you I " 

ke that back, dear," said Vic- 
tor; uic. Instead of deplor- 

ing this occurrence, and calling it 
rtunate, you should thank God. 
He has thus granted my dearest a 

C I (band my days num- 
bered, I prayed God to graol 
every .bowing 

how earnestly I wi 
during the short lime left me on earth. 
H- has now granted my desire U 
my going into the water to-day leads 
>th, I shall have the infinite 
joy of being in a certain sense a 
: saltzed the danger. 
Bui voice whtspei 

tool to save,' and l 

■ed into the river. . . . Others 

lone the same, but God 

docs not icti an op- 

ponunity. I 1 foi baring 

granted it to me." 

By degrees symp- 

toms wore oil". When lie awoke the 
next morning, he was much better 
He recalled 
with :i lively 1 vents cf the 

previous day, and expressed an eager 
desire to know what I.ouis and his 
upon. 
We were not ki 

: ived about nine 
Seeing his face ippjr, 

oxw husband n a livelier 

i ever known 

arm-chair beside his bed, "and 



Madame Agnes 



give us the detail* of all you have 
■ 

Af we agreed up- ning, 

Louis, I wait directly home 
after lea. . and inqu 

i *is m. "I Ittfjr told rue she 
1 went to lier room. It was m 

I mc that the l>jd 
git i i amber sonic weeks 

bel- OCCVpafid my mo- 

ther'*. 1 found '' ng in the 

n Ireiidc a stand, in 
the tnothtf i' 

um of to the last. 1 cannot express 

w!>< ' t lie 

g wcllki 
i \ grow air, and her 
icr, allcai 
M yam. It seemed as if I 

_• of 

i . il so much, but 

I had followed so 

creased when 

■ ng towards mc, clasped me 

my face 

.its. 

Iced boy, she cried; 

I to your 

i ! xnd what 

I nothing 

. »u have no cutifui. 
. . . Come, tell mc all. 
i i' no longer in a state of un- 

urst, Ihvc you re- 
ible project}" 
ii. i . ■ ■!■ i- betmyt . pro- 

id cmoiji'i ueh lei 

arte began by begging 

|.«r il the anxiety I 

I I.' 
. When wc 

i .i .. l the 

•• -i at her son, and 

I of God has v 



Wy interposed in your behalf. E 
thing sho- ould have 

drowned. And what a 1. 
—in that river where so few 
go, especially the spot you chose, 
i e, a! the very 
i to the water, 
t noble-hearted man, to 
you at the peril of his life. Tl 
not alL When you were ab 
thank your deliverer, you found it 
— the very man who liad al 
been brought to death's door t 
your fault. If I am not >' 
this is a won [exposition 

Providence, You have been a 
sinner, my poor boy, and your 
i had to be effected by a 
sacrifice. This sacrifice fa 

Marnier in risking | 
to restore you to 
itch you wished 

I twlievc — pardon 
great frankness — God wished, I 
Have, to inspire you with thor 
repentani iwiag you your 

index the form of your d 
Oh ! if this repentance is not lasi 
1 shall tremble at the thought of 

hat the justice of 
weary of pardoning you, has in 
l!ut, no ! — there is no fear 
that. And now, what arc you 
to do?" 

- I'tlt an end to r 

.•)• well. It was idleness es- 
pecially tl- M your ruin 
what occupation will suit you ? No 
imprudent heroism ! You must do 
something that niaL" 
• i an ..ii engineer. It ii tii 
'icr it. I am going to Paris. 
Either there or elsewhere I can easily 
■ in some manufac: 
y wclL Father i- 
row evening. What has oc- 
curred cannot be concealed from 
I mi I am even of the 

be best to tell him the whole 
truth. Only . . . you will allow 



Tadame Agnes. 



igi 



with the frankness of a 
lores you, will you not ?" 
I yes. Speak to mc as our 
would." 
Well, then, I muit acknowh 

extremely offended with >ou. 
a kind, very kind, as you know-, 
be cannot endure 
a, especially in money 
your manner of conducting has 
aoi his indignation. I fear, 
tet-3tc, he will at first be greatly 
taJcd at learning v. 

nor will ..: 

him of it, so dial, when he sees 

foe the til ou will not be 

lduce him to listen to you. 

ir content, I ni'.l talk with 

him, I proi>osc- 
:id pass two or three 
with i ry. She is now 

country-seat in M . It is 

off. I can easily send you 
whcnii 

titudc 
proposal, which rc- 
the kindness of a sister, die 
of a woman, and the 

! : •• 1 have two 
to make. If you were 
it person, I might hesitate. 
c once pi u are 

instructed in our rdi 
of the poor young men of our 
In a word, you have never 
ilh. Do not delay having 
Mbsc to die remedy. Go to 
m as soon as possible. Cm 
clops repentance, puts a 
I i ms, and coi 

to keep them. I 
ik as 1 think. A rtpcntai 

rdy human cannot be 
■g." 

! to go to confession to 
. and shall keep my pro- 
favor more," resume 1 A 



" It is a somewhat delicate matter, 
but I lame freed 

and simplicity that we our 

litest way 

to come to an understanding. 

say >ou arc !i:. ; .sin 

debt. Know ; post- 

tion as I do, I am will 

knows it. He is 
a man who would forgive your spend- 
ing a hundred mi a 
• of five hundred would make- him 
extremely: angry. This h ttm 

but it is so. And you may be sure 
as soon . creditors hear of 

your ruin, they will conic upon you. 
We must, therefore, hasten to Jo 
stall them. We must settle with 
them where they are. Will you per- 
mit me to render you a little service? 
. . . Sit down here , as 

papa would say, a schedule or' your 
debts. 1 will give it to our head 
clerk toi.. recy, 

and before QOOI J be free from 

debt." 

I was prof uivcd by so 

much generosity, and 
my thanks as to greatly touch Aline 

^oo- 

tioa und ner. 

I to make out a list at once. I 

did so, ami gave it to Aline. She 

took it with a smile, and folded it up 

"Ut looking at it. There h 
two small sheets, one of which was 
\y blank. 

"Why two pipers?" she BSI 

mechanically. 

" One contains the list— the sad 
list ; i 

I . too n»w h 

poor Lou re only hah' e 

verted : You do not really love i , 
eiveanythi 
from me. You wc 
are of gH 

Aii : that is wrong 

plibia rji'r you wish DM 
' it to you ! Re, fie ! " . . . 



192 



}Htt AgltfS. 



So • r.c tore up the un- 

Fortunate n 

Tlic nigh: eed before 

. : » L 1 had already bidden 
my sister good-niglit. She retained 
i-crs, and, looking at me 
id : 
" I. : more! Let us 

say our night-prayers together at the 
foot of that bed where our 1 
thcr mad mem so often. We 

will pray for her. She watches over 
t has happened to you 

ank on our knees beside earn 
other. Aline said the prayers all 
I repeal - and in 

niy heart, and with to much Joy and 
ion that I melted into t< 
This morning I took leave cf 
Aline. She means to come here hcr- 



11 order tu ratiru 

My mother could not feel 1.. 
Oh ! how she lo> 
me, I am going away ruined, 
happier than if my fortune were 
creased tenfold. Pray for me. 
y -,i. toy dear friend, take care of 
yourself. I trembled yesterd 
the thought of the danger to 
you had exposed yourself in order to 
save my life. I trembled a* 1 came 
here, fearing jrour heroic imprudence 

have led to fatal result! 
Thank lereisnotii 

But redoul your prec 
shall need you for a Innj 
will be my le to the new war 

upon which I have now enter 

Louis then departed, leaving 
exceedingly happy at the favoraU 
turn in his aft 




CHAPTER X. 
4 LI Ml PIS. 



The secc -' de- 

ire, we had in the afternoon an 
agreeab!. : Aline called to 

sec us. : Louis had told 

alxnit us about her prepossessed u 

r, The sight of her only 
increased out to love 

her. 

Aline was at the time I am speaking 
of— and still is — a fine-looking woman, 
tall, well-formed, g \ pleas- 

ing, i : face. Her manner is 

a little cold at first, but her reserve is 
not og, for it indicates a 

ughtfal mind. When site came 

room, my husband an 
• reading. She went directly to 
lor, and wi on, but v. 

• harassment, said: 

am late in cxprcss- 

' is delay. 

;ood reasons. 

I * ilher every 

ment, and t preoccupied 

1 commuuicau 



well as about tlie reply he would 
make." . . . 

Mademoiselle," replied 
gently, " there is no need of ex 
ing yourself. I am happy, very happy, 
to sec you, but had no riglK to 
pect your visit." 

" No right, monsieur?. . . What 
did you not save my brother's 1 1 
. . . And was it not you the unhappy 
fellow had before " . 

•' O mademoiselle! do «... 
never to mention that 1 
Stan. 

"You are generous. moBH^ 
But that is no reason wl 1 
show ourselves ungrateful — r • 
contrary. L01 
forget that, before yoi 

I you to such a deg 
that he can never l>e :•• 
pentant. As to my father, I 1 
not dared inform him of these <! 
too painful to be acknow! 
father, alas lus. 



Madame Agnts. 



fault would se em so enormous to him 
mat he would never forgive him." 

■ It is, however, of but little ac 
count. If harm has resulted from it, 
Louis was only the involuntary cause. 
Let us adore the divine decrees, and 
forpve our poor friend. He had 
■ot, after all, any very criminal in. 
teutons." 

Aline looked at Victor with a sad- 
ness she could not wholly cone 
Ha waited features, his eyes hollow- 
ed by suffering, his air of languor, 
nothing escaped her observation. 

■ I wish I could think so," mur- 
mured she, as if sneaking to herself. 
"Ah Louis, what remorse he 
must ted 

Th"ts allusion to Victor's sad con- 
dition brought tears to my eyes. 
Victor suspected my emotion, and at 
once changed t. 

has become my friend," 

aatd he to Aline ; '" thcrclbre pardon 

mademoiselle, if it is in- 

• we hope to sec him 

ajfain so • auvais greatly 

offended with him ?" 

Eve- arranged for the 

lgh not without difficulty. 
My father was not Originally wealthy. 
It has only been by dint of order, 
economy, and industry, that he has 
lie position he now occu- 
pies. When he learned that I.ouis 
had lost, or rather squandered, his 
maternal inheritance, his anger was 
fearful Cut by degrees I made him 
comprehend that Louts, though ruin- 
ed, had shown new resolution — that 
fork; he wished to 
become useful, and regain all he had 
father then grew calm. And 
■\\ my fears were not allayed, 1 
•u tell him of Louis 1 sad attempt 
at suicide- b he was still igno- 

rant, but which he could not fail to 
Icam. I told him of it, dwelling on 
your -i-.ess, which struck him 

most of all. 

vot. XVII.— I j 



■i Victor shown himself duly 
grateful to M. Baruier for the ser- 
vice ?" he asked. I replied that he 
had. 

" So much the better. Such a sen- 
timent docs him honor. This cir- 
cumstance may lead to a friendship 
between them which cannot be too 
intimate, in my opinion. And you 
say our prodigal son is willing to 
work ? What is he going CO i 
Anything you wish, father." 

"That easily said, but a poor 
reply. Nothing is well done that wc 
do not like to do. Has he manifest- 
ed an inclination for any special oc- 
cupation ?" 

" I.ouU is a civil engineer. He 
would like to find a place somewhere 
in that ca p acit y .' 

" Ah ! he at icngth remembers he 
civil engineer I ... He 
wishes to turn his Requirements to 
some account? ... It is a 
wonder ! He need not exile himself 
for that You know Mr. Smithson ?" 

" la not he the cold, ccremoniou- 
gentleman who came to sec us Sun- 

" Die rety oue. Mr. Smithson is 
a wealthy Englishman who lias been 
in France these twenty years. He 
came on account of his health. He 
settled at first in Paris, where he 
married a charming woman — a Ca- 
tholic of no property, but of a good 
This excellent Mr. Smithson 
was so foolish as to speculate too 
i at the Bourse 9omc years since, 
nnd his losses were considerable. To 
withdraw him! ltd) a tempt 

ation, he established his residence at 

St. M six months ago. Thcsilu- 

ation pleased him, and there was an- 
other inducement : a large paper man- 
ufactory there wasoffered for sale, lie 
bought i' hoping not only to find. 
occupation, and feed his incessant 
activity, but to repair the losses of the 
last few years. The mill is well situ- 



194 



Madame Agnes. 



ated and well patronized. Every- 
thing would prove advantageous if 
Mr. Smithson were better toned in 
the knowledge of machinery. Hut 
though an Englishman, he has not 
been through the studies necessary 
to enable him to superintend his in- 
dustrial project as he ought. Besides 
this, he is subject to frequent attacks 
of the gout. He has therefore be- 
sought me to find him a man capable 
of superintending the mill under his 
direction, and even of taking the 
whole charge if necessai 

So much for Louis' affairs. What 
do you think of the arrangement ? 
I approved of it without any re: 
lion. And you. mOflStcar? 

'• I think, mademoiselle," replied 
Victor, " that Providence continues 10 
treat Louis with parental kindness." 

"• Oh lyes; truly parental! He will 
now remain under your influence. 
I .'. i iu the house he is to enter, 
everything will encourage him, I 
hope, to persist in his good resolu- 
tions. Mint. Smithson is said to 
be a woman of lovely charoi 
She has a daughter who must be a 
prodigy, unless I have been mi 

father, who is very 
practical, and but little given to ex- 
aggeration, is enthusiastic in her 

c." 

Victor knowingly smiled at this 
last communication. 



"You have divined my thought 
said Aline, blushing a little. 
yes : this thought at onceoccurrc 
my mind I said to myself, if ] 
can find at Mr. Smithson's not 
an occupation that will enable 
to forget the past, but an affect 
that will continue to sustain him 
a better course, I shall consider 
the most fortunate of men. lint it 
too soon to speak of that 1 
brother must first return home, I 
be accepted by Mr. Smithson, 
whom my father wrote today." 

The next day both these thit 
took place; Lou returned. 
Smithson at once accepted bin 
UUL After calling on 
with his father, be left fur .St. M- 

Whilc M. Beauvais was spcakie 
to me, Ixjuis said to Victor, in a ] 
tone : 

" Everything b done. The bone 
of iniquity arc completely broke 
1 have been to confession and 
Holy Communion, and a new 
has begun I" 

m with which 
he uttered these words, the calmness 
and unaffected gravity he manifested, 
all announced he had indeed be- 
come a new man. 

•• [a a year he will be an eminent 
Christian I" saitl Victor, as Louis 
disappeared. 

He was not mistaken. 



to n cottcxuid. 



Contiliar Decrees on t/u Holy Scriptures. 



'95 



:IL1AR DECREES ON THE HOLY SCRIPTURES. 



ranu TO im-xt KUCUlltL 



;iitch Iw been 

teach all mankind. It is 
ing she fulfils this great 
to aid her in this divine 
furnished 
tooks written under the in- 
of the Holy Ghost, 
word of God I 
■ •- characters. So ple- 
asure has always been prc- 
the church with the re- 
Hcr doctors have 
weighed every word of 
books; they have taken 
developing the different 
nd their coinmcnta- 
thc finest monuments of 
teratute. There, as in a 
cd am ;.- have 

ritual arms in their war: 
enemies of tiic faith, and 
I 
against all attacks 
lions by hen 
have been the object of 
of persecutors, and more 
kto his blood to 

etn from the insults of the 
thereby had his . 
1 on the glorious roll 
tyrology. 

very birth, 

ing by this re- 

!. it af- 

ardent zeal for the sacred 

id, carry!- eoeration 

asonattc limits, maintained 

I the only rule of 

its very exaggerations, by 

: nee, have led it to 



the opposite extreme. Three centu- 
ries have hardly elapsed, and the 
lowers of those who acknowledged 
no other rule i ie Bible, 

gradually led to the verge of rational- 
ism, accord .1 'man ami: 
ty to the sacred vol 

Even from the *exy dawn of the 
Reformation, the ; nice 

of free examination gave a deadly 
blow to the canon of Scripture. 
ther was the foremost. El 
in Holy Writ that conflicted with 
doctrines of w mative justifi- 

cation, of free will, and the Mi 
nicnts was boldly consigned am 
the apocryphal books. The canon 
of Scripture, thus at the option of 

any sta- 
[ndiridual caprice led to the 
admission or 1 that 

had been regarded as inspired from 
all antiquity. The authenticity of 
the Scriptures was not or! 

■ I, hue . uatc 

meaning. Luther denied l 

! authority of the churi h, and 
was obliged to make the Bible the 
ground of faith; that is, the Itiblc in- 
terpreted ao 

notions of each believer. In reality, 
Luther wished to ■ follow- 

ers to his own interpretation. I 
rebels of every age, he arrogated 
authority he tefu* 
power. Hut logic has it* inevitable 
laws. The Lutheran theory claimed 
absolute independence. It I 
Christians, even the most ignorant, 
even those the farthest from the 
knowledge of the truth, judges of the 
real signification of the Scriptures. 



1^6 



ConcUiar Drcrrts on I he Holy S<ripturcs. 






\: promised each believer the inte- 
rior illumination of the Holy Spirit 
in ascertaining the true meaning of 
the nacd text beneath all its obscu- 
But, as the divine Spirit is 
not pledged to fulfil the promises of 
the Reformer, each Protestant intcr- 
thc Bible accon ling to his own 
riews, and the various sects sprung 
from the Reform have, in the name 
of the Scriptures, maintained the 
contradictory opinions. 
Besides the change in the canon, 
and the false interpretation of the holy 
books, there was another abuse — 
that of unfaithful translations. Pro- 
testantism rejected the authority of 
the church, therefore it would not re- 
ceive her version of the Scriptures. 
It had no regard for the Vulgate. 
The innovators, with Luther at their 
head, undertook new translations. 
In their boldness, they did not shrink 
from attempting to surpass the work 
of S. Jerome. They were not well 
versed in the knowledge of the origi- 
i.il i.iinrns; they had access to but few 
luscripts; the copies they had 
were not the choicest ; and yet they 
imagined they could excel the great 
doctor who spent so large a pert <>i 
his life in Palestine, absorbed in the 
profound study of the ancient lan- 
guages; who took pains to collate 
tlit best manuscripts, and was aided 
by the ancient rabbis the most versed 
in the knowledge of Hebrew antiqui- 
ties and in the languages of the 
Kast. Kvery day a new trans!. v 
appeared, which, under the pretext 
of adapting God's own Won! to the 
common mind, diffused heretical 
no, cities l>y means of insidious falsi- 
fications. 

The Reform was equally unscru- 
ulous as to the correctness of the 
«. The Bible was left to the arbi- 
trariness of its editors and the care- 
lessness of printer*. Through u;i-.< ru- 
pulousness ornegtigiii' DO, many incor- 



rect expressions crept into the v« 
sold to the public. The new 
was not wltol-: ble for 

numerous faul i 

of the Bible. The sacred book 
for ages been subjected to all 
hazards of individual transcrir. 
The distractions of the Copj 
in many instances, caused the 
stitution of one word for anot 
omission of a part of it verse, or 
transferring of the marginal \ 
the text. Hence so many copies al; 
in the main, but full of discrcpanc 

11 

Such was the state of the 
question at the opening of the Co 
cil of Trent, lis importance c 
not escape the bishops who com 
cd that assembly, and the theologi 
who assisted them with their acq 
meats, consequently it was the 
proposed for consideration. On 
8th of February, 1546, the fat! 
being assembled in general con, 
gation, Cardinal del Monte, the cl 
legate of the Holy See, proposed 

adl should first consider 
subject of the Holy Scriptures, 
make a recension of the canon, 
order to determine the arms to 
in the struggle against hei 
and also to thereby show Catholics 
whereon their faith was grounded, 
many of whom lived in deplorable 
ignorance on this point, seeing the 
same book accepted by some as 
dictated by the Holy Spirit, and re- 
jected by others as spurious.* The 
president of the council afterwards 
determined the principal points to be 
submitted to the consideration of the 
Fathers. 

But this is not the place to review 
COunt of this interesting discus- 
sion. We will only state the results. 

In the fourth session, held April 8, 

• PalUYirini. tlnletj e/tkt Ceimil ' »/ \ ■ 

:.. (I No... 



Conciltar Decrees en the Holy Scriptures. 



'97 



6, the council promulgated its 
lebratcri decree respecting liar 
DrjrSt. hich comprehended 

distinct parts: the first, 
{malic ; the second, disciplinary. 
The dogmatic pan established the 
then: books in 

Itten of faith and morals, their di- 
ke origin, Uie canon, the au 

AM, and the rules 

interpreting the inspired I 
The disciplinary prescriptions had 
crence to the use of the Vulgate 

he lessons, sermons, controversies, 

nmentaries; the obligation 

interpreting the Scriptures accord- 

lo the unanimous teachings of the 
ilher* ; the respect to be paid to the 

ine Word, and, con .the 

roe u; .'. to pro- 

or supctbiiiioas uses. 

ed severe 

rs against \c the 

y books, or commentaries on 
tin, without a written an:. 

: ■ 

- editions ; 

By, led that the Holy 

ptirj. ulythc Vulgate, be 

1 with all possible 

CSS. 

l o tlicsc prescriptions of the fourth 
» c » ill add the first i 

reform, continued 

of a course of Holy Scrip- 
order that 
•<ian con not 

of the salutary trut'ns con- 
Such 
is the re;.'. • 
pch 

isure of ( 
onl froi 

•.he labors of 
; I l regard to 

npon- 
decrce of the ■ 

i <ted according 
place it > , die 



canons, for, brief ns it is, it has had 
an incalculable influence on sacred 
science, This decree, in fact, gave 
ri6e to those admirable works of i 
cistn that have defended the audi 
tic canon against the attacks of here- 
sy, and reduced the pretended 
emeries of Protesl 
the true i I to their 

■r value; thence the BU 

excellent comment for three 

Dries have been enriching Catho- 
lic theology ; and thence so many 
apologetic works which have defi 
ed the truth of the Biblical narrative 
against the false p ns of ra- 

history. To this same de- 
cree we owe the many learned re- 
searches concerning the origii 
the primitive irded as 

genuine in the ancient < 
above all, the incomparable edition 
c Vulgate — the result of thirty 
years' labor by those most versed in 
the study of sacred literature. 

It would seem re were no 

necessity of reconsidering a 
so fully •■•• 1 y the Council of 

tad yet the Fathers of the 
Vatican al o deemed il proper to: 
up the subject ni the Holy S 

; id been 
defined bj the Council of 
give greater prominence to points 
that the council had left obscure, 

. of 

interpretation in within 

tUrci Catholic 

The dog rt of the 

wed 

I by the Fathers of the 

Vatican. The e» doctrinal 

icier of the decree Dei Filtut 

no reconsideration of 

ws relating to the pub- 

■ holy books, <>r (heir 

. and the abtu 
.-. be made of die sacred i 

Dies decreed by the 
Council of Trent were such as in our 



198 



Conciliar DtcrtiS on tin Holy Scriptures. 



t be put in execution, as 
they consisted not only of spiiitu.il 
censures, but pecuniary fines. The 
ccclcsiastici I authority, deprived of 
its .".ncicnt tribunals, and living in the 

I .; of a society whOSC leading 
maxim is liberty of the press and 
liberty of conscience, could not re- 
the old penalties. The Fathers 
of the Vatican also omitted every- 
thing respecting the authenticity of 
the Vulgate. Many of them, how- 
ever, requested thi '■ to ratify 
the decree of the font : loo of 
Trent on this point, but die greater 
part of the bishops did not deem it 
advisable to accede to the reqi 
What, indeed, could they add to that 
which had been n wisely defined by 
tliL- Fathers of Trent? Besides, is not 
the Vulgate received without protest 
by the whole Catholic world as the 
only version recognised by the 
church as authentic ? As to the ra- 
tionalists, it is not the translation of 

-.acred books they attack, but the 
lmciks themselves, their canonicity 
and supernatural o: 

. ig aside, therefore, all these 
questions so important in the) 
but which arc not now points of con- 
troversy, the Council of the Vatican 
only dwelt on the authority of the 
Scriptures, their divine origin, the 
canon, and the rule of interpretation. 
On all these points it had to oppose 
modem rationalism, and banish false 

dangerous theories from Catholic 
schools of theology 

ill. 
. in opposition to rationalism, 
the Council teaches ine reve- 

lation is comprised in the Scripture* 
lition. This was declared in 
the same terms by the Council of 
Trent, but is was by no means 

times to renew so fun- 
damental a definition, Modern sci- 
ence rejects revelation : to be con- 



sistent, it ought also to rcj 
monuments. It regards the 
Scriptures as merely of human 
thority. It docs not, it is true, 
tatc the cynicism of the philo*> 
of the XVUIth century: it does 
make our holy books the butt of 
foolish railleries. On the con 
it affects a profound respect for t 
though it refuses to accept lb 
the organ of divine coramunkatii 
It regards them as it would the 
courses of Socrates— as books fi 
admirable wisdom which every 
osophcr ought to know and st 
but winch do not owe their ori, 
. properly so-called, 
revelation. 

usston as to such an error 
impossible. The council lull 
to pass its judgment, and repeat 
the church bad taught its mem 
for eighteen centuries, as a A 
proof that the Chi 
not falter in encountering the 
new forms of incredulity. Ha 
affirmed the truth of revelation, it 
was necessary to point out wl 
■nlaincd in, that the Chi 
might know where to study the 
of salvation. It 
relation, a 
> the belief of the universal 
Church, as declared by the holy 
Council of Trent, is contained in the 
written books and in the un ■■• 
traditions that have come down to 
us." 

But what books contain this reve- 
lation ? Pursuing the subject, the 
council defined anew the canon of 
Scripture, which the state of the 
times made, if not necessary, a 
very opportune. Protestant 
have not ceased since the Re: 
tion to attack the canon sanctioned 
by the authority of the church. 
m has come to the au 
of Protestant criticism, and some- 
self it has, by its hi* 



CoHciliar Decrees on the Holy Scriptures. 



d discoveries. Wotted nut the 
bstofti 'Ics. Theun- 

rd traditions preserved by 
no scicnti6c value 
■ the eyes i h only 

the canonicily of those I 
; can trace the proofs of their ori- 
back to die very time of the 
Tertullian took a wrong 
•1 in asserting that the dogmas 
oi faith should have prescriptive 
pmof. Id vain the Catholic points 
oat the wholly c um- 

stznees that surround the Scriptural 
eaoon — the impossibi the 

tctj- first of admitting books of 
doubtful origin as coming from the 
apostle*, or that these books • 
have been changed in any respect 
ttsder the jealous guardianship of a 
church and hierarchy spread over 
the face of the earth, and charged 
[nervation of the sacred 
depend. The incredulous critic re- 
fuses to receive proofs which the 
most common mind perceives the 
full value of as well as the g 
*cnsc- 

orics founded on mere 
cor.j instantly chanj 

re welcomed as the final 
conclusions of aciciM we 

not seen the school of Tubingen 
d on some obscure words of Pa- 
li tending to cstab- 
. the more r m position of the 

Uo • bese new doctors regard 

(he ic truth as some of 

those k 

iu mouth to mouth till 

I in a definite form 

by some unknown w liter. And has 

tot o theory met with ardent 

if i: were 
the definite solution of the great 
on tlic origin of the 
<?• 

•S*l V rodurtlon ; 

\.-r>; ¥• ■ . wx MeaJti, 

te SU| . -J 1-- 1:«.«*». 



QttVCty examine 
strange theories will soon per. 
their weak point. But where arc the 
men in the present generation who 
rtad with sufficient care to sec the 
hoUownc 

authors have scats in out academic*; 
they occupy the most important 
professorships; there is not an honor- 
ary distinction that i Iocs not at: 
recommendation to their apparent 
knowledge. Skilled in praising one 
another, the journals and reviews re- 
garded as authorities, even by cer- 
tain Catholks, extol their labors. 
One would think they had a monopo- 
ly of science. Has not all this 
a source of real danger to the faith 
of Chi 

The church had to counteract the 
influence of a criticism as bold as it 
was easy, by her immui 
It must once more affirm the am 
canon of Scripture. Thil catalogue 

of the sacred book* had been solemnly 
approved at the end of the ivth 

century, in a celebrated decree of the 
Councils of Hippo and Carthage, in 
which the Fathers declared they 

ill thiscamm from their ancestors 
in the faith. A little later, Pope S. 
Innocent I. sent this same cane 
Scripture to S. ExupctUU, the illus- 
trious Bishop of Toulouse. 

- . in 494, included it in his synodi- 
cal decree. Finally, the Counc:! 

. in its decree relating to the 
Jacobites, and, at a later period, the 
Council of Trent, sanctioned it by 
their supreme authority. Several of 
the Fathers of Trent proposed to sub- 
ject it to a rc-cs ; not in 

::r to rcti t to 

satisfy the herclii-d, anil i 
them by such a discussion that the 
Church of Rome had not lightly 

. the list of the inspired books. 
Hut a larye majority of the Fathers 

iught,aod with reason, that inch a 
discussion was appropriate to schools 



* 



MO 



secrets on 



My Scriptures. 



of Catholic theology, hut to a coun- 
. il it belonged tu pronounce authori- 
tatively. The canon of Scripture, 
being a dogma of faith, formally de- 
fined by popes and councils, and 
consequently unchangeable, could 
only be proclaimed anew and « 
out discussion .• The Council of the 
Vatican came to a like decision, and, 
in declaring it* acceptance of the 
canon of the Council of Trent, with 
each of its books, in nil the parts, it 
gthened the faith of Christians 
against the shameful pretensions of 

false 

This course has shocked the Pro- 
testant historian of the council. M. 
i'reraenscis indignant at so sum- 
mary a procedure. "The council," 
he says, ■ has fallen into a profound 
and dangerous error on two important 
In the G . it ptO- 

isputable canonicityof 
all the books of die Vulgate, includ- 
ing the Apocrypha t of the Old Tcs- 
nt. thus showing it regards the 
immense labors of the critics Of the 
X IXth century ax of no account, and 
acknowl I it is not permitted, 

for example, to question the orig: 
the Gospel of Matthew, or the author 
of the Epistle to the Hebrews, bj 
lerring to such and such an expression 
of a Father of the lid and Uld 
centuries. {The Catholic Church is 

• !' .-/ lkrCimn.il r/ Tnnl. 

b. rl. <\ II. i-C|ilil, Mrnmm- Ctmc. TrU.. vol. 

jMe/af. 

t H At l"re**ana* mean* the .rVafVr.w.i'rtfaiL-W 

I rraumctit. lfimttrr~tnmmie*l 

an>1 m/%Nrr/A*t arc by rx> mean* tyoonyiDOa*. 

■ 
has been A> wlUklfl 

tScee centurtct lo pravf at a writer, with any rc- 
■lladiog In Iticio a» apu- 
;,,i. 

; Wo « >li M .!.< Prnanuaf would !.c Mad 

III -Alia: Father* ol Slic lid ami 

lllil r.-nlunr* b*T* questioned the oriKin of the 

Lo*; bow. Wc ire writ 

aware thai 

th* I ■ ■ GotpcL, M liii b, 

parhatrt. wtvM a% a bwlc Inr tlia other abridg- 
ment*. The prom •horn. 

F.rkrrmair /r, anil Ewald, in 

tieiTnati. . .n I unix. Mnui. kcvilte and Ke- 
nan have Seal lo at -.he auppcet of their name*. 



thus prevented anew from taking i 
part in the great work of I 
science of our day, which consists 
establishing a safeguard to the 
canon of Holy Scripture by free i 
conscientious research. What cc 
ndence can we have in Catholic the 
logy, on those points disputed 
rationalism, like the authenticity 
the fourth Gospel ? Kxaininatii 
even, is forbidden. Everything mu 
be accepted in a lump. How mi! 
valuable co-operation is thus lost < 
made fruitless through the 
oil ! " • 

The church, then, at the biddini 
of this Protestant theologian, shoe 
renounce her right to decide on 
true Scriptures, and give up 
canon to tlvc researches of rational! 
tic science, and this in order to 
vide a safeguard for this same can 
An amusing idea, to give up 
catalogue of holy books to 
caprice of incredulous critics 
to preserve it intact 1 And Ixrsit! 

what new documents can rationale 

science bring to light not 
known and considered by the Cat 

of the last three 
Curies? Catholic: doctors have 
and weighed these difficulties as fu 
to say the least, as Protestant critic 
but they have not thought a few i 
scurities ought, scientifically, to 
weigh immemorial prescription, 

Thcv hare end care-red to aupport It by on* or 
twowordaof raple«.wb .reao 

•trance an a«»ertion. Where are the Father* of 
iin 1 1,1 ami Hid eentuftaa who had any doubt a* 

•luihciiiicilv of the first Gospel ? A« ' 
tit lu tl,n tlcbiewa. wc with M. <\t I 
ttnat would read a feiv page* on Lb 
by the Kcr. I'erc r- rantelln, in hi* able !(• 

•1/ it Xcrifiyrm. He would »ee bow 
little doubt the Father! of the fir»l asca had le- 
apeellns thle cpKtle- Some, i ■■( to* 

ibaan ..* name, and the difference: of 

style. Iuve doable*) It »a« by the dociof of aat- 
i I'.hrtv nnwaawc cicef*' t»« 
orihuei'l' »n, inrariably awerted 

It* eanonldiy For it ia oac thine lo detain 
whet'ier S Krai «l< tlir author of Utit C; 

mother that It n efth« cumber of iaariitaw 

• eVeaWM ■/« CVa.iV/ du VUktm, p. **> 



Coneiliar Decrees on the Holy Scriptures. 



20t 



ly, the perpetual usage of 
i and the decrees of court - 

ism, on the contrary, ap- 

obscore passage*, or hast;, 

sometimes to lie met with in 

•then, in order to exclude books 

the Scriptural canon that have 

venerated from time immemorial 

Inspired. On which side is the 

scientific method ? If historical 

::>erit any confidence in spile 

hSBculties of detail, no person of 

exity would hesitate to give the 

ierence to the theological rather 

■ the rationalistic method. 

s to the reproach made against 

dsurch for confining crii 

such narrow limits as to stifle 

ig is more contrary to ex- 

The Councilor Trent like- 

decided on the canon of Scrip- 

and yet what extensive labors, 

many learned works, have been 

■■•.in three centuries in 

be attacks of Protestantism, 

in ord-t to establish the aut, 

the books rejected by the 

'. No, indeed; tbechun h, 

g die r mre, 

not discourage the researches 

learned respecting the Bible. 

love of sacred I , in the 

since, and also the necessity 

idmg Catholic belief against the 

Uantty renewed attacks of bete- 

iro, will keep Catholic 

logitts constantly at work. The 

m, di- 
• ;», but vithnut putting 
on their abilities. 

IV. 

Resides reaffirming the ancient 

• ting to the canon of Scnp- 
of the Vatican has 
rid explained more clearly 
faith requires 115 to believe rc- 
ly books, 
led. 




The vrants of the times had not be- 
fore required it. Bat the attacks of 
rationalism, and the robtnterpi 
tions of semi-rationalism, required a 

• definite decision in order to put 
an end to dangerous teachings even 
in Catholic schools. 

Christians have from (he beginning 
believed God to be the author of the 
Hoi. res. The Fathers of the 

fourth Council of Carthage, in the 
profession of faith required of the 
new bishops, expressly Men- 

tion oft! The rant pro- 

fession of faith is made in our day by 
those who arc promoted to the epSs* 
copate. Pope S, Leo IX., in the 
profession of faith to which he re- 
red Peter of Antiocfa ribc, 

declared God to be the author of the 
Old and New Testaments, including 
tl a bur, the prophets, and the apos- 
tolic books. The Council of Florence 

:ed this same article in the tic- 

about the J:" aoct 

Roman Church " confesses tliat 
one and the same Cud who it 
tuthor of the Old and the New 
mcnl ; that is to ray, the law, 
the prophets, and the Gospel; the 
IS of both Tl having 

spoken under the inspiration of the 
same Holy Spin; the 

Council of Trent, renewing the de- 
al Florence, aO the 
canonical books of the two Testa- 
ments, God being the author of 
them both : Cum vtriuSfHt unus Vent 
sit a: decrees 
were only an expaostOD "f the words 
ofth. Creed: Qtd hattus at 
per propheUxs. 

The Catholic dogma is explicit: 
" God is the author ol the i-ooksof 
the Old snd the .imcnt." 

ut coun- 
cil* had for their direct object the 
runation of the errors of the 
I hoes, who 111 unction 

between the two Tesl 'tri- 



202 



Conciliar Decrees on the Holy Scriptures. 



Luting the first. to the evil principle, 
the second to the true God. Hut, 
secondarily, these definitions, 
to the actual origin of the Holy 
Scriptures, declare they have God 
for their author. The Council of 
i rence gave this explanation : " 
cause the Mints of both Testaments 
wrote under the inspiration of the 
same Hot] 

But what is meant by inspiration ? 

An important question, on which not 

only Protestants i a Catho- 

. but on which even orthodox 

is are not agreed 

i iy what Protestantism under- 

•lands by the inspiration of the 

would be difficult, or, to 

speak more corrcrtly, impossible. 

I system where ali liclief u fbtj 
cd i nation, there must 

te variety of doctrinal 
The first Reformers under- 
stood the inspiration of tire holy 
I test sense — every 
wen | i ire was sacred. N 

:, even the most ortho- 

I «, ! mil greater latitude. Cow- 

to make moie or lessconces- 

aching spirit of 

n, it takes refuge in vague 

expressions that leave one in doubt 

as to the '! had in the I I 

of the sacred books. Here 
i. a | utOl v, i. i . DDOdcis himself or- 
ind boasts of remaining 
fjithful to the principles of Luther 
and Calvin: be enter* upon the sub- 
ject of the s rfptnras, .aid speaks at 
i!i on the inspiration of the Holy 
ss, in these i 
bool. I by God| he fed 

the possibility ol complete error when 
il' i my question of history or 
i docs not touch di- 

■ n II) on i liuious dogmas or prc- 

n dates to i 
'.•> him, is re- 

■ i> ■ I bat particular 
•Milium i' nted those who had 



witnessed the lite of Christ, in rel 
what they had seen and heard.* 

According to this theory, 
way so vague, we ask ourselves, \V 
was the nature of the inspiration im- 
parted to the Evangelists SS. .Mark 
and I.uke, who were not witnesses 
of our Saviour's deeds, but merely re- 
lated what they had heard from 
others; what was the nature of 
imparted to S. Paul, who had never 
seen Christ, and took something very 
different for the subject of his epistles 
from the acts and discourses of the 
Redeemer ? 

The incertitudes of Protestantism 
hail pervaded more than one Catho- 
lic school, especially in Germany, 
Jahn, in his introduction to the 
books of the Old Testament, con- 
founds inspiration with assistance. 
A 1kk>< composed by the mere light 
of reason and pure human industry 
might be placed on the catalogue of 
Holy Writ, if the church declared 
God had preserved the writer from 
all error in the composition of the 
work. Who docs not sec the false- 
ness of a system which would include 
all the dogmatic decrees of the popes 
and councils in the canon of Scrip- 
ture? Others confound inspiration 
with revealed truth. Every book 
written according to tlte precise t| 
of divine revelation could be placed 
in the canon. According to tl 
not only the definitions of popes and 
councils, but many ascetic works, 
sermons, and catechisms, might be 
reckoned among the Holy Scriptures, 

Finally, others, desirous of ex 
ing the difference to tic seen in tlie 
various book* 
era! kinds of inspiration are to be 

bguisbed. Sometimes the truths 
the sacred writer had to record were 
above human comprehension, or at 
least unknown to him. and 

♦ ITnMiiM, Itutiirt Jm Out dm l'«fltWL 
cfc.ll- 



Cone Mar Decrees on the Holy Scriptures. 



203 



cult be learned by actual revelation. 
Ibe inspiration God accords for this 
class of truths supersedes all effort 
■a the part of the writer. It is a 
sojfgestive inspiration, or, as it is 
called, antecedent. 

If the sacred writer was himself 
aware of the facts he related, and the 
•hdowophkal maxims he proposed to 
his book, or if he had drawn 
any other source the truths he 
rJertook to record, lie had no 
need of soggestive inspiration. Mis 
book, however, is to be regarded as 
tbe work of God if he received spe- 
cial assistance to guide him in the 
cbr.tce of the truths he recorded, and 
prevent him from making any mis- 
take in expressing himself. This is 
what t* called coiuomitant inspiratj 

\ed 
by mere human wisdom, without 
other participation on the part of 
God than general assistance, and it 
cornel lo I God. by the testi- 

mony of hets, or the w 

of the church, declares this book cx- 
thereby en- 
dowed with infallible authority, and 
may be reckoned among the S 
lures. 1 of approval has 

t>;cn staled, though very imj)roperly, 
Mw+retfumf inspfrari 

•- three distinct kinds of inspi- 
rit by eminent 
theologians, such as Sixtns of Sienna 
Sac. 1. viii. Uteres, u 
ad. otj- sepL), Bonfrere {frvlotf. c. 
i, Lcssmh at d Hamel {Hut. 
i I.ivino de 
Lcix.) Hut these doctors 

c books that compose the canon 

! ma for them a mere 

question of t r : could books 

app roved have a 

1 1 .tural canon ? They 

replied in the afiiiroative. But are 

there actually any of our holy books 

tkat are » holly due to human indus- 



try, and which God has declared sa- 
cred by subsequent approval ? Wc 
give Lessius' opinion : " 1 hough 1 
do not believe this kind of to 
tion produced any of our canonical 
books, 1 do not think it impossible " 
{tee. tk I 

But the wise reserve of these 
theologians has not been imitated by 
all. A learned German professor, 
who is likewise a highly esteemed 
author, has not hesitated to 
the distinction of these three kinds 
of inspiration to the existing books : 
u The kind of inspiration," he says, 
"that produced such and 111 
book, or such and such a passage, 
it is almost impossible to deter- 
in particular. We can only 
say that the parts where wc read. 
Thus saith the Lard, or a similar for- 
mula, probably belong to the first 
kind of inspiration; the historical 
narrations that came under the wri- 
ter's observation belong to the third 
(subsequent inspiration) ; the poeti- 
cal books seem to come and 

d (concomitant inspiration)."" 

These it is manifest, 

weaken one's idea of the inspti 
of the sacred volume as always un- 
derstood by the church. 
an inspiration by virtue of 
book is really the work of 
not of man — the truths it i 
divine, and not of human, 01 
man is the instrument, he vt 
tales is the Holy Ghost ! mat 
his hand and pen, the Spirit of truth 
puts them in action. But in rfl 
referred to, it is not real] 
whocpeaka: it is man. Supci 
ral testimony jives indeed a divine 
authority to a book, but it con 
make God the author of what was 
really composed by man. And 
though these writings should contain 
the exact truths of i i, they 

• KM. rtnwU/. P.-'.:. Aim*, D. Hifictwrt, 
PTM- 









204 



Conciliar Decrees en the Holy Scriptures. 



wculd be as much the result of human 
wisdom as sermons, catechisms, as- 

books, and even the creeds and 
decrees of couticib which clearly 
state the doctrines of the chill 

It wis the duty of the count 3 i > 

ID end to interpretations which, 
depriving the sacred books of the 
prestige of divine origin, diminished 
their authority among the faithful. 
It has ti. i fined what every 

Catholic must believe concerning 
the degree of inspiration accorded 
to the sacred writers. This defini- 
tion is first stated in a negative G 

•-• church holds them (the Holy 
Scriptures) as sacred and canonical, 
not for the reason that they have 
been compiled by mere human in- 
dustry, and afterwards approved by 
her authority ; nor only bcc.i 
contain revelation without err 

..is definition in a negative rbfH 
succeeds a positive one, in which the 
council declares the essential CO) 
lion of a book's being placed in 
canon of Scripture — " because, hav- 
ing been written under the inspiration 
of the Holy Ghost, they have God 
for their author " : prof Urea quod Spir- 
ilu Stmcb impiraute ewifcripti, Deum 
iattat audjrem. 

The council, therefore, by this dog- 
matic definition, has excluded any 
other meaning to the inspiration of 
the Scriptures that does not ascribe 
then to the ipet ial agency of God. 

schools are still free to di* 
what this divin 

and the i I on which a book 

niay be I au- 

thor. But they must first reject 
every explanation that reduces the 
agci o mere assistance, 

and, still more, to subsequent appro- 
bation. It is in this iiust 
understand the fourth canon «f the 
second series: '• If any one shall re- 
fuse to receive for sacred and canoni- 
••.al the books of the Holy Scriptures 



in their integrity, with all their ] 
according M trey van) enumc 

IC Holy Council of Trent, 
shall deny that they arc inspired 
God, let him be anathema." It 
tile BUM anathema pronounced 
the Council of Trent, to which 
Council of the Vatican has added I 
express mention of the inspiration i 

There are other important ob»e 
lions to be made concerning 
definition. Though by no me 
favorable to the system of Sixtus 
Sienna, BootVere, tad LcsiiusjtK 
however, condemn them in 
mal terms. These theologians, as i 
have said, only considered the subje 
in abstraelo .- Would subsequent ins 
nr approbation give a book 
to be placed in the canon i 
a verbal question rather than one 
doctrine. It is certain that 
book would have ■ sacred authorit 
but it is also certain tli,u u could | 

died the work of God in 
same sense U the holy books now i 
on possession. The council, in 
definition, only considered the ; 
point; it declared all the books 
our canon have God for their authc 
because the Holy Ghost was 

I agent in their 
li.it the opinion of the modern 
gete who applies the doctrine of sut 
quint epprobfttion to the books <:c 
tained m our actual canon I 
to us really condemned by '.lie new 
definition. 

Now, the decree of the Vatic 
docs not forbid the division of the 
holy books into several cl 

.is the truths they contain 
are recorded by the writer as . 

i.uion, or from knowledge acq 
cd by his natural faculties. Hut 

■ ■ : loei not infringe on tl; 

overrating agency of God in 
compositio ook. 

Finally, the question of 



Conciliar Dtcrecs on the Holy Scriptures. 



205 



aspiration, so often discussed by 
theologian;, remains as free since the 
roanctf as before. It is not necessary 
r a ruler who issue* a decree to 
»tc every expression, but merely 
substance of the new law: 
»ry clothes it in liis own ityle. 
The Utter is not a mere copyist : he, 
too, is the author of the decree, but in 
a secondary sense. It is the same 
vfch regard to the Holy Scriptures. 
The He' suggests the truths 

to be recorded in the prophecy, and 
directs (he writer, but David and 
Isaias clothe them in their own royal 
style, Amos in his rustic language. 

v. 
We come now to the question of 
the interpretation of the holy books. 
Oa this point, also, the Council of the 
Vatican has 1 md completed 

the decree of the Council of Trent, 
•Inch, in its fourth session, endea- 
vored to check the boldness, or, to 
make use of its own expression, the 
restlessness of the free-thinkers of 
I*rotestants are constantly 
appealing to the Scriptures, but to 
ptures according to private 
i nt er pr et a tion. Agreed merely 
ihcir oj i to the church anil 

. they arc divided infin- 
itely as to the signification of the 
simple*: | he strangest inter- 

p»— -iti-. hing the 

. of the believer, and giving rise 
to scandals among Christians. To 
wbviate this abuse, the Council of 
Trent made the following decree : 
" In order to restrain restless spirits, 
the council decrees that no one, 
lying on his own wisdom in matters 
of faith and morals pertaining to the 
tdtocalioo of the Christian doctrine, 
tfcall wrest the Holy Scripture 
tording to his own private notions, 
and have the boldness to interpret it 
contrary to the true sense in which 
.has been and r> held by our holy 



-, the church, to whom it be- 
longs to judge of the interpretation 
of the Holy Scriptures, or CO 
to the unanimous consent of the 
Fathers." 

This deem, as to its form, is chief* 
disciplinary : it prohibits intH 
the Scriptures contrary to the dc.i 
tion of the church and the unani- 
mous opinion of the Fatlters in all 
that relates to faith and morals. 

This disciplinary prescription is 
based on a dogmatic principle which 
the Council of Trent did not define, 
but which it referred to as an incon- 
testable truth: to wit, that to the 
church it belongs to judge of the 
true meaning of the Scriptures: 
aijm tit jtidiiare de RH JMM el in- 
tfrftrttatwnt Scripturamm sitwtarum. 
This truth U the neccssory conse- 
quence of the supreme magistracy of 
the faith. All Catholics venerate 
the church as the depository of re- 
vealed truth, and consequently of 
the Scriptures. But the deposit is 
not merely a material one. The 

in receives the Scriptures from 
her, first, because it is li>- her testi- 
mony he is assured of the true 
canon, that they have God for their 
author, and that he i* enabled to dis- 

h the real text from the inac- 

■-. thai have, in the course of 
time, been introduced by the care- 
lessness of copyists, as well as thr 

pulousncss of heretics. More- 
over, he receives them from the 
: . because through her he b 
made aware of their true meaning. 
What would it avail him to possess 
the inspired volume,, if. like the book 
in the Apocalypse, it were scaled 
with seven seals ? And who has the 
power to break these seals but the 
church— bride of the l.amb? 

In vain Protestantism repeats that 
the Scriptures arc plain in them- 
selves, or, at least, thai the interior 
illumination of the Holy Spirit ren- 



206 



Ccnciliar Dtereei oh tlu Holy Scriptures. 



dm them intelligible to all. If this 
is really the case, why, whenever the 
e of the church is unheeded, the 
infinite number of ways of interpret- 
ing the same passages ? How was 
it Calrin plainly saw a mere 
figure of the Presence in the passage 
relating to the Eucharist, when Lu- 
ther -indentood it to mean 
the RmI Presence? Would the 
Holy Spirit sj>eak to Luther in one 
way, and to Calvin in another en- 
v opposite? Whatever the Re- 
formers may say, the Scriptures are 
full of obscurity. The truths of sal- 
vation they contain arc not ex- 
ed in the didactic manner of a 
theological treatise. The truths are 
there, but veiled in mystery, ex- 
ed in a language now dead, and 
full of allusions to a history and to 
icring from ours, as 
well as to the institutions and local 
rmstances of a nation no longer 
ling. Private research would, no 
doubt, enable a small number of men 
: learning to coin- 
prelwnd many parts of our holy 
icans is not accessi- 
ble to the masses, who would remain 
for ever deprived of the truths con- 
i in the Scriptures if tin-re were 
not on earth an authorized interpre- 
ter of the divine text. What certi- 
tude would the learned themselves 
loinl without the help 
of the church? Hovj n-.--.ny diver- 
gent opinions would not liberty of 
ition produce! It was, 
. necessary that the church, 
when entrusted with the Scriptures, 
should at the same time receive 
power to interpret then authentically. 
I is why the Council Of Trent for- 
bids interpreting them contrary to 
the defined meaning of the church. 
Now, the church acquits itself of 
interpreter in two ways: 
by solemn definitions, and by the or- 
dinary teachings of Its doctors. The 



definitions 'of tl»c church are 
fact, restricted to the declaration 
dogmatic decisions: they often 
cide the real meaning of the 
tures. Thus we see the Council 
Trent is not satisfied with d 
the divine institution and i 
of the sacrament of Extreme 
lion: it also declares that the 
known words of the Apostle 
refer to this sacrament, and de 
natc its ministry, its matter, its fo 
anil its effects. • In like mane 
with regard to the sacrament 
Penance, not with defm 

its existence, it declares, in the 
chapter of the fourteenth sc 
that our Ixird referred to this | 
ment when, ;ulilrex»ing his < 
he said: Quorum remiseritii fxu 
We could point out many other 
sages of Scripture of a similar nat 
which the Council of Trent 
other councils have authentically i 
fined the m 

But the interpretation of the 
cred text is more frequently 
by the usage of the church, espe 
ly in its liturgy, and by the ur 
mous or almost unanimous teach 
0( the Fathers and doctors. It j 
thus the meaning of the passag 
concerning the Eucharist were clca 
determined by the liturgy, the 
ings of the Fathers, the teachings i 
the schools, anil the general set: 
ment of the Christian world a Ic 
time before i: esaly defin 

by the Council of Trent. In 
same way, the church did not a 
for the definition of the Council of 
the Vatican to regard the promises 
: i Christ to S Peter as made to die 
See of Rome, and including the 
scntial prerogatives of the Pontil 
power. 

Such was die twofold manner of 
;ing the meaning of the Scrip. 

•Sets. XIV. /V. ;=»-t. 



Cone i liar Decrees on the Holy Scriptures. 



tors the Council of Trent had in 
tiev when it forbade their interpre- 
brion on points of faith and mo- 
nis contrary to the sense in which 
they are held by holy church and 
•be unanimous consent uf the Fathers. 
This decree appears sufficiently ex- 
And yet temi-rationalisra 
band two ways of eluding its bcar- 
m%. rst was to regard this 

fart of the decree of the fourth ses- 
bbb as purely disciplinary, doubtless 
ssary in the condition of Chris- 
at the time of the Council of 
:t susceptible of being after- 
modified. Now, in our day, 
•Catholic faith is no longer attack- 
once was through the author- 
of the Scriptures Knowledge 
increased. The commentator is 
be mindful of the progress 
f human intelligence, and to recon- 
g of the Scriptures 
wish the es of the age. If 

one ii asserting that th 

Croe of the council relates to faith 
as veil as discipline, semi-rationalism 
bta recourse to another evasion : it 
■ndersu rely in a 

negative seme ; namely, that it is not 
j1 to interpret the Scriptures 
contrary to the Catholic belief, which 
docs not imply any obligation to re- 
gard the meaning the church attach- 
es to a passage of Scriptinc as an 

;: to this 
rule, Ihc Catholic theologii 
not interpret any text in opposil 

sacrament of 

tion, but, notwi 

h>g tlie declarations of the Council 

he would ren. n the 

boor thodoxy, even ifhede- 

i trues had 
■ i rament. 
-.lf-way manner in 
vfai> souls flatter 

iey can remain true to 
| ie teach- 
ing? • For a long time 



this doctrine was practically followed, 
though not formally stated. W 
give an ex- [n the XVIIth 

century, the Oratorian. Hi. bard Si- 
mon, carried the boldness of his criti- 
cisms to such an extreme that he 
openly acknowledged he made no 
account of traditional inteq>rctation, 
the authority of the Fathers, and the 
teachings of the chun i ; pretending 
to correct, according to the Hebrew 
or Greek text, the i. ostantij 

followed by the doctors of the 
church. Our readers arc well aware 
with what vigor liossuct attacked a 
system so thoroughly Protestant.* 

But this way of understanding the 
decree of the Council of Trent was 
in direct opposition to the terms in 
which it is conceived. The form 
doubtless is disciplinary, l.ut the 
foundation of this law is expressly 

ed, and is wholly d 
Cujui (ecclesue) etl jiuiieare de vent 
Sensu el intftfrel.Uivnr S>'rif.'t/t<lruw 
Mne/iiriim. Tins was not a mere 
disciplinary pres ti| the 

first time by the council, but the re- 
minder of an obligation imposed on 
all I liy the very nature of 

revelation and the authority of the 
church. 

It" it is no: true that thu decree is 
purely disciplinary, it is -till le» so 
that it should be understood in a 
mere negative sense, as if the council 
only attended forbidding theinterpre- 
<n of the Scriptures contrary to 
the express dogmas or even the 
dennrti oni of the church and the 
unanimous opinion of the Fathers. 
The principle on which this decree is 

ided goes still further: •' It fa 
the church it belongs to judge of 
true sense and ml n of the 

Holy Scriptures." Consequently, we 
ought not only to refrain from contra' 
tag her authentic Lnterpretat. 

• DJ/tn„ J, la Tr,J,: .'»- 

itruslicn imr U \'ini.-t 4t Trt. 






20S 



Cotuiliar Dtertfi en the Holy Scriptures. 



but should regard her as our guide, 

and her decision in matters of lot 
prctation as binding on every Chris- 
tian, so that he would fall into heresy 
who should refuse to accept* the 
meaning of a passage of Scripture as 
defined by holy church. Such is 
the evident meaning of the decree 
of the Council of Trent. 

This truth is so manifest that the 
profession of faith by Pius IV. sub- 
stitutes the positive and general form 
for the negative and restrictive termi 
of the decree: "I also admit the 
Holy Scriptures according to tint 
sense which our Holy Mother the 
Church hath held and doth hold, to 
whom it bclongeth to judge of the 
sense and interpretation of the 
Scriptures; neither will I ever take 
and interpret them otherwise than 
according to the unanimous COBMBI 
of the Fathers." Here the teach!. 
of the church and the opinions of 
ilie Fathers are plainly made the 
positive and authentic rule of inter- 
pretation. 

There could be no doubt as to the 
meaning of the Fathers of Trent. 
Hut a controversy having arisen on 
a point of so much importsnee, the 
Fathers of the Vatican were (braed 
to explain this decree in such a nay 
as to prevent any ambiguity. They 
so in there term: "And since 
those things which the Council of 
Trent has declared by wholesome 
decree concerning the interpretation 
of the Holy Scriptures, in order to re- 
strain rcstlc« spirits, are explained 
by some in a wrong sense ; we, re- 
newing the same decree, declare this 
to be the mind of the synod : that, in 
matters of faith and morals which 



'in to the edification of Clirii 
doctrine, thai is to be held as 
true sense of the sacred Sent 
which Holy Mother Church, to 
it belongs to judge of the 
and interpretation of the 
Scriptures, has held and holds: 
therefore that no one may inte 
the sacred Scripture contrary to 
sense or contrary to the unanir 
consent of the Fatheri." 

It follows from the definition 
the Vatican that the decree of | 
Council of Trent was not purely 
ciplinary, but likewise dogn 
that consequently it was not intend 
for a particular epoch and exec*: 
at circumstances, but was the exp 
BOD of a divine law applkat 
every age, and as lasting as 
church and the world; that 
decree not only forbids underst 
iug the Scriptures contrary to 
belief and interpretation ol 
church, but makes it a (Kwitive 
gation to accept the meaning 
church attaches to the sacred t« 
in snort, that the disciplinary las 
founded on a dogmatic truth 
makes the authentic inter; 
of the church a rule of faith to wl 
ever)- mind should submit in 
Study of Holy Writ. 

[| is thus the Cotmril of the 
can has renewed, explained, 
coniplcted the definitions of 
Council of Trent touching the 
question of the Scriptures. 

ptcr of the Constitti 
Dei Fiiius, in addition to the de 
of the fourth session of the Cou 
of Trent, henceforth forms the 
of theological teachings in everything 
relating to Biblical science. 



Myths and Myth- Mongers. 



•iors are proverbially not the 
best judges of their own works. It 
■ as rare, therefore, as it is gratifying 
to meet with one whose verdict on 
I* own production exactly coincides 
i that of the critic. Such a fortu- 
i concurrence of opinion between 
Ike wr m to whose 

[ tot it has fallen to pass sentence on a 
work for a certain portion of the pub- 
ic, relieves the latter gentleman of a 
rast amount of responsibility, and 
renders his difficult task infinitely 
:cr and more pleasant than such 
a task generally proves to be. 

When, then, Mr. Fiske, the author 

of MjtA* and Myth-Makers, is kind 

enough gratuitous')- to inform us in 

ha preface thai :ies of pa- 

»hich his book is composed 

mewhat rambling 

• 

■ I presumption 
on our part, to sa cordially 

_e with him. And when he 

x to 

a*© iag the reader with in- 

iions, he has sometimes 

itter short by expressing 

himself with dogmat 

re a sceptical vagueness m 
..ap» have been more becoming," 
&nd nothing whatever to object 
lis statement, with the solitary 
exception of the word " ; 

:.rcsscd, would biing it 
ith. 
However, Mr. Fiske has here fur- 
.ed us with a very fair idea, 

• .i- ■■'rti-M.xAn,: Ol.l T«V« *a4 

SK4C4UWO talcntltai ft* C*ret«f«llvc M>- 

• iokn V... 
»-; 1 . ci i« fLiluwjAy 

rot_ xvii. — 14 




MYTHS AND MYTH-MONGERS.* 

TV* ktld, mnjointt* chit of bis Br tail. I uawcrtO Indirectly - SA**<,fe*rt, /ftmrj Itr. 



of what the reader is to expect 
from his Myths. He himself has 
passed sentence on himself. He 
tells us practically that we must 
not expect too much from his 
■ rambling " papers ; he forestalls, if 
he does not deprecate, criticism by 
us at the uutstart that his 
fault has not been on the side of 
modesty of opinion and judicial 
weighing of what he set forth. What, 
then, is left for she critic to do but to 
confirm the self-condemnation of the 
author? 

But we cannot allow Mr. Fiske to 
escape us in this fashion. Mr. Fiske 
is an M.A., and Mr. 1 i;ke is an I.I 

and a professor, and a professc n 
philosophy — at Harvard, too. So 
that, although the dates so carefully 
affixed to the end of each of his 
" rambling and unsystematic " papers 
indicate that Mr. Fiske knocked this 
book oft* in three months, still three 
montlis of philosophic chad from a 
Harvard professor ought surely to 
contain some grains of w heat. 
The book in itself is not an 
teresting one. It is Chock-full 
mythical stories, or folklore, or what- 
ever people may please to call what in 
our younger days wc should have com- 
prised under xl it; one d -ead 
of fairy-tales. To be sure, the slo- 

,.ere all told before and by sonic- 
t then, Mr. Fitke gives 
everybody due credit, and OOOl 
his own portion of the work to a run- 
ning Italy with an undcrcur 
rent of foot-notes, and all sorts of quo- 

•ns, from i 

, ami Jill. We cannot in justice 
s portion is as in- 



2IO 



'Jjths and Mytlt-Mongcrs. 



lercsting as Uie myths themselves, 
though partaking considerably of 

But to come to the point — what 
dee mean by his book? 
t idea would lie convey to 
What would he have us infer from 
\ books a book, although 
Ig "n't." 
li n is uggestivc of anything at 
all, it is this : all or the chief portion 
of the great myths uf antiquity refer 
to the UraggL B darkness and 

mm the phenomenon of 
a and day which pan! ople 
in the dawn of the world, ages before 
men possessed the great blessing of 
this XlXth century, which blessing 
is. according to Mr. l-'iske, ..-.; M. 
Littr£, " scientific faith," seemingly 
the only sure thing m this enlighten- 
ed age. 

Sobm people might require 
finition of this wonderful faith of 
lera invention; but then, some 
people always will a,k disagreeable 
lor their benefit, it may 
be said to mean taking nothing for 
fact or troth e»Cp{ what you CM 
arrive at, or prove, or demonstrate by 
Rtcientifii process: in plain English, 

no l;iilh ::. 

Mr. Fiske then takes up this the- 
ory : that all I by 
this daily phenomenon of light and 
night, and having 
no " scientific faith " to guide them, 
and notliiiii; better (Mr. Fiske will 

dOB us this little bit of Ik: 
against the XlXth century) to sup- 
1 ly it s place, set to thinking and en- 
deavoring tn solve this tremendous 
problem. They were all a dreadful 
of people all the world over: 
they •• knew nothing about laws of na- 
ture, nothing about physical forces, 
nothing about the relations of cause 
and effect, nothing about 
cessary regularity of things." As a 
set-off against all these " nothings," 



they possessed a something in 
shape of " an unlimited cap 
believing and fancying, because 
cy and belief had not yet 
checked and headed off in . a 
directions by established rules of 
perience." To .-.II of which. 
great deal more of the same nam 
wc feel vciy nodi inclined to appi 
that awkward Q. £. D. of the ge 
metry which somebody would 
on to the end of those beaul 
positions at school, and -.ii. 
professor terrified us by translatis 
list be proved." 
Mr. l-'iskc, then, having set 
profound iruiu 

fore the erased inteQei ti of the 
man race, which were gifted, ace 
ing to him, with nothing but 
"unlimited capacity li.r belie* 
and fancying" — one would* ima£ 
here might have been room 

re ; but Revelation, ot 
coursc,tl. h "scicntii 

and is therefore a myth in Mr. Fis 
eyes— what were the poor beings to 
do but endow everything, part 
larly the th the " > 

which they felt within themselves ? 
How or why this must have been so 
Mr. Fiske fails to explain, or indeed 
that it was so at all. However, 
for argument's sake, let us take his 
I fur it, though by so doin^ 
false to scientific fai:k. Iff. 
.'s proposition, then, nu 

en the people 
with eyes to gaxe at the sun, the peo- 
ple must necessarily have endowed 
the sun with " volition," and wor- 
shipped the sun as a god. Once 
more, Q E. D. 

Hence Mr. Fiske proceeds to ar- 
gue:" The conception of i -kill 

in archer > eh a 

great variety of myths and popular 
fairy-talcs, is originally derived from 
the inevitable victory of the sun c 
his enemies, the demons of nig 



Myths and Myth-Mongers, 



and tempest. Arrows ami 
j which never miss their mark, 
swords from whose blow no armor 
protect, are in variably the wea- 
pons of solar heroes." 
Consequently, Mr. liske is cruel 
sough to knock on the head a con- 
dcrable number of fictitious charac- 
rho were much better known 
loved by us years ago than 
sal characters to-day. He 
ds h' ■ tipped with scie 
(mi own drop William 
. of Cloudcslce, Bclh- 
rt. Jack and the Beanstalk. 
it&d. Sir Bedivere, II. illcs, 
Bitter the B Hercules, and 
ifother famous heroes — 
or rather they mount, for one and all 
ic sun, and were types 
figures of his solar majesty. 
' 
I nay be so; but the consolu! 
tO left us that, even if it lie so, " it's 
." as our oldtiicnd 
loot* was wont sagaciously to 
remark. There is so much of reality 
around us, and so much real sti 
to speak a paradox, to wing with 
our arrows, to shoot at all 
long and make no visible impression 
oo, that we have neither time, nor 
: nation, nor patience to bother 
Irawn theories 
as to whether Tell was Tell or the 
son; wh in ever performed 
>s>iblc feat of piercing an 
to be on his 
or not, or 
whether mas- 
ter in mistake. Such things may 
serve to amuse children or people 
. can find nothing better to > 

ic. So far there is no- 

But when a 

oun takes every imaginable story, 

coll- I all as he would old 

fossil*, and tickets each off with a 

explanation, or thr a to- 

10 a bag, as it were, 



charlatan like, shakes them all up in 
order to see if by any chance the}' 
might tumble out in antago- 

nistic to V . .•. work which, 

in view of the many realities around 
us, is rubbish at the best, becomes in 
Mr. Fsfce 1 rubbish at the 

For he does not hold to I 
he will go out of his way to drag reli- 
gion into a place where, if it must 
it shows itself, as always, full 
of majesty, and beauty, and sublime 
truth, but not a thing of ridicule, as 
this on int, and inuendo, and 

insinuating little foot-note, and sly 
little chuckle, and weak little laugh, 
and wit of the very smallest, would 
make it. 

• ; The religious myths of an: 

and die fireside legends of ancient 

and model n limes, have their common 

roots in the mental habits of primeval 

lity. They are the carh 

corded utterances of m 

the visible phenomena of the 
into '■'. :•'!■" 

nothing particularly 
startling in this passage; it is just 
such an one as the reader might or 
might not assent to, being res 
tcrly careless on the subject He 
would scarcely stop to inquire how 
far Mr. Kiske's " religious myths of 
antiquity * extended. There is a 
unconscious vagueness 
about the phrase that allows it to 
pass without question. And Mr. 
. it we may dignify 
y such a title, run on sm 
■ Beth-GeUert I 
thousandth time, and bringing his 
powerful mind and the infallible test 
of his 

old nursery jingles— such, for instance, 
as: 

"JaeVanHJill was 

Tij gel a [Mil of wn« ; 
Jitfk fell down «-.l broke till <rnwn, 
Attt Jill came tumbling- alter." 

us may read like mere non- 



: 









212 



My tin and Myth-Mongers. 






sens*,"- says Mr. Fiskc. Again we 
agree with him it may ; but the ris- 
iijg'smilc fade* on the lip when met 
tiy the solemn assurance immediately 
following : " But there is a point of 
view from which it may be safely said 
that there is very tittle absolute non- 
sense in the WOJ 

r-cve to say that the thought 
which struck us immediately on read- 
ing this aphorism of Mr. Fiskc** was 
I , if one thing more than another 
could tend to make us dubious as to 
its truth, it would be the perusal of 
his own book. But revenons: " The 
story is a venerable one," he pro- 
ceeds in rt «« Jack and Jill." " They 
—the children — fall away from one 
another as the moon wanes, and their 
water-pail symbolizes the supposed 
connection of the moon with rain- 
storms." 

Leaving our readers to ponder over 

this profound so solemnly 

set forth by the author, daztlcd and 

bewildered, doubtless, by this latest 

exhibition of moonshine, we pass from 

it to other things. It is of a piece 

with all the author's deductions, and 

as fair a sample as any other of the 

ingenuity of his argument and the 

indity of his conclusions. We 

<!o not attempt to refute them ; that 

task is above us ; wc leave :,ut:h ques- 

. to be argued out fa their more 

Dg sphere, where the characters 

in the story are best known and bc- 

1 in — the nursery. 

To all tin.-- ICTt of thing we do not 
i y harmless, and though 
scarcely the style of study and me- 
thod of deduction one might expect 
from a professor of philosophy at 
what is esteemed the leading univer 
■sity in the United States, we can only 
arrive, however regretfully, at thecon- 
clusion that we had perhaps made t 
false estimate of the intellectual stand- 
ing of that in.; ml of the cali- 
bre, mental and moral, of its profess- 



ors. Still, Mr. Fiske may argue 
his life-long in tha fashion, and 
can only wish him better employi 
But unfortunately he docs not 
here. 

All the unravelling of these wc 
less myths has one aim and 
cy : the connecting with them tr 
religion, Judaism first, and aftc 
Christianity, the belief in Christ, t; 
Christian sacraments, Christian 
servan<;..-\ Christian practices; not ; 
the one truth of which all the 
myths formed so many broken 
distorted fragments, but — hear 
Christian fathers who send your | 
to Harvard to learn wisdom and i 
&©m such Men M the one under 
notice — a myth with the rest of the 

I'lysscs, Achilles, Ormutz, The 
Tell, William of Cloudcslcc. the I 
Jesus Christ— '• These be thy 
O Israel !" 

A mad world, my masters! 
arc all wrong; living in a myth, 
shipping a myth, teaching a my 
our social and political state to-c 
built upon a myth. •• We may lc 
anew the letSOD, taught v.: 
emphasis by modem schota 
that in the deepest sense there is i 
thing new under the sun." So 
Mr. Poke, There is nothing 
but scientific faith as expoun 
M. Llttrf and— Mr. Fiske. All 
rest is myth. 

It would be no surprise to us if 
Mr. Fiskc were indignantly to reject 
the construction which the Catholic, 
or the Christian reader of whatever de- 
nomination, who possesses any knowl- 
edge of Christianity, must put upon his 
words. Apparently he himself is not 
sufficiently acquainted with Christiani- 
ty to understand the meaning of tfa 

Is j and yet he is a "professor 
of philosophy " at a presumably 
Chu . rsity. He is, tn judge 

him by this hook, of that school of 
would-be atheists so fashionable to- 



Myths and Myth-Mongers. 



ear, who talk mild infidelity i 
fcW tea, and lake it down with their 
■afSns — a toast-and-watcr infidc 
■ice to take bob-and-nob with and to 
tic admiration of some antiquated 
Hde-Siockin.;. Mr. Fiskc, like his 
das*, might be considered an athe- 
ist did he only possess the faintest 
conception of what Christianity 
aeant. An atheist is not a man 
who docs not. but who will not, know 
God — a rebellious \ like the 

faBrn archangel who has seduced 
ten, rejects Cod, flings back his of- 
fering, and cries out: "I will not 



Sdcb b atheism — negation, not un- 
consciousness ; denial, not lack of 
knowledge. Mr. and- 

■ i takes of the latter char- 
acter. 1 1 is so very weak, so very 
thin, so supremely unconscious of its 
feebleness, so full of self-suirici' 
so sublimely ignorant of the fact that 
the poor little hobby-horse wh« 

of, and 00 which it 
pranks out. with " all the pomp and 
cucuinsunce " of mimic warfare, to 
hare a tilt with the church, has been 
long a;- to death by far 

dough!:, ns than Mr. Fiskc, 

but with a like result — a tumbi 
the dust. Like the carpet-knight, 

for those vile guns, mi 
kimself have been a soldier," but for 
faith, these carpet-atheists 
themselves have become 
•t'j;i. Did wc not recollect that 
they possess immortal souls destined 
fur one of two eternities, we m 
almost congratulate ourselves on 
defection. 
But not i serious a 

charge at Mr liske's door without 
, we proceed to give a 
few instances of thai nan's 

DSjrthica. v. ill suffi- 

strictures 
we fed 

book, indeed, which should 



have passed unnoticed, only that it 
is typical of the tone and tendency 
of the class of writers remarked upon 
above. 

Mr. Fiskc would seem to ha I 
ceived some sort of a Christian 
cation, if we may so call it, in his 
youth ; for he tells us •' of th3t burn- 
ing Calvinistic hell with which 

Idisfa imagination had been un- 
wisely terrified.'' Calvinism prob- 
ably drove him into revolt against 
Christianity, as it has driven so many 
Others, and, inste.nl o( returning, 
examining, and searching for truth, 
he has adopted the easier course of 
saying that it was all a sham— the 
devil was only a bogy conjured up 
by nurses to frighten children and 
make them good. Christianity was 
an excellent religion for children and 
t is n id old maids; but for men, men of 
the XlXth century, it a too 

much. On reading the fables of the 
pagans, he found that they hail their 
bogies to frighten their children, as 
heathen i" •"-' lu stilL All 

the same, all the same, all the way 
ii to the cradle, if there be such, 
of the > 

•• niack ipbUiSadwUtai 

and gr»y. 
Dfflt* mlncla, 
You thai ailagU miv," 

., if put into a coherent shape, 
would be, we think, Mr. Fiskc's 
mode of explaining hit Tfc 

liim all mystery is myth, and the one 
true guide U scientific faith. 
There is no mention of Revel 

i beginning to end of the bonk : 
the author evidently doet not bell 
En it. But though he is careful not 
to say so in express words, the mean- 
ing of all lions is very clear ; 
and passages from the sacred Scrip- 

I are contorted to suit his pur- 
pose. 

Thus, wc arc told * that » the very 



21.} 



is and Myth-Mongers. 



, of an archfiend, Satan, which 
Christianity received from Judaism, 
seems to have been suggested b; 

t to have 
derived its principal characteristics 
from that source. There is no evi- 
dence that the Jens, previous to the 
Babylonish captivity, posseted the 
ion of a i' the author 

of all evil. In the earlier books of 
the Old Testament, Jehovah is repre- 
sented as dispen •■ his own 
hand the good and the evil, like the 

Of course, to a man of Mr. I 

•<; and profound erudi- 
•did be an impertinence to 
Suggest that, as the name — the mere 
name, .--part from all belief in it — 
Jehovah is the more ancient of the 
two, it might have been more in order 
to invert it, position, so that it v. 
run : " The /.cus of the Iliad, like 
the Jehovah . 

of good and t". ii." 
But Mr. Fiske studiously sets Jeho- 
vah first in place, though second in 
time, giving one to understand there- 
by that Zoos was his precursor. This 
have been done inadvertently, 
but, if so, there is a strange method 
Mr. FiakVa carelessness, lie is 
v a believer in that 

" 1 1 dnth iJiirw our cod*, 

Hough hf* them u w« miy." 

Then, again, Mr. Fiske is correct 
enough in the passages which he cites 
bowing that the Jehovah of the 
Old 

own hand the good and the e\;l." 
There is nothing startling in this: it is 
the soundest Catholic as well as Jc 
docti '.'■ believe that God docs 

dispense the good and the evil alike ; 
: of the good and 
the evil" is a TO it thing 

from r which concludes the 

preceding sentence : " The author of 

1 -elf 

on his |>hilulogical knowledge ; he is 



great in wort! science, if we maj 
call it ; docs he, then, recognize no < 
tinction between ■ a dispenser " 
"an author," or again, bet vi- 
and evil, or still further, bet we 
"evil" and"<r//eM 

" Evil is natural and moral," i 
the dictionary. In the first send 
it what wc generally com 
the word " misfortune " ; as, 
leirs, evil accKl 
this Rose, bad is said to be the I 
penser of evil ; that is, of trials whi< 
he sets I. n, as a father : 

his son a hard task, to prepare the 
to test them, to educate them, to i 
them up to the fulness of manhc 
which is in God. " Whom the lj 
i. he chtttlseth." Bat " mo 
or what Mr. Fiske CttJ 
evil," is a very different thing. It 
which is evil naturally, in se \ 
(vr se, which is in the will of 
devil, and which i: lemy ' 

attribute to Cud. Evil iii the 
sense nm be. is generally, good 
itself: the latter, never. It may not 
be blasphemy in Mr. Fiske, for, as 
wc said, he does not, from insufficient 
acquaintance with the subject, know 
meaning of his own words. But 
observer « words 

arc placed in connection an<: juxta- 
position one with another, and how 
easily each slides into its wrong place. 
Again, there is a singular method in 
Mr. Fiske'*' glaring — for term 

in the fare of what we hi 

it would be impossible — in- 
cies. 
Ik goes on: "The story of the 
serpent '.n Eden — an Aryan 
every particular, which has crept into 
the Pentateuch— is not once alluded 
to in the Old Testament." 1 To tins 
he adds a note : " Nor i* there any 
ground for believing that the serpent 
in the K.itn myth is intended fot 
Mr. Fbke i> over- 
running our space far more than wc 



Myths and Myth-Mongers. 



215 



jtffwriffl he should do at the begin- 
mg. the next sent; 1 1 good to 

Bit, is replete with a piece ol 
Itcityand 
i of tone: "1 

serpent in the Eden-myth 
») is entirely the work of mo 

theology.andisduc.natural- 
enough, to the habit, so coo 
*i&= among theol'. 
if reasoning about the Bible as if it 
r a single boo k 1 ot a col- 

1 of writ rent ages anil 

j Tery dilferent degrees of hi 
asoh. 

To all his leaders the question will 
oaturally suggest itself: Has Mr. 
Fake ever been outside the walls of 
Harvard ? But there — we leave the 
tut: its own com- 

s»e: moreover, Mr. 1 

fcomnes us, " in a future work cn- 

11!) A*y- 

jsj to examine, at con- 

uderaitJe length, this intertstiag myth 

uden of Eden." We hope 

IO SC'. 

here we have ; Qglish 

the whole story of the fall of man, 

the origin of good and evil in this 

lusc of all thecon- 

wiiuokcs which followed therefro 

reation in 
» in another ] !..ic that of thi 
set and casii> 

awordof doubt, or diti: hesi- 

tation, as a n 

I 
doe mis — but 

h» We trust 

t right on 
■ 

we IBMI 

an Darwin, when hu 

condition as 
being brought about by " that 

ess of bleeding which 
ar hxi 

sxren^Uiencd the feelings by whkh we 



are chiefly distinguished from the 
brutes, leaving our frimitiiv brstial 
imputes to ilic for v. 

:b!e way their 
further exinnston by legislative en- 
actments. (Draw this to its legiti- 
mate conclusion, and there is no 
thing as morality, it being merely 
tui with law or education.) 
liut fin- 

ing us from savages intociui 
is a very slow one; and now ami 
then there occur cases of what |- 
ologis!'- call atavism, or rcvenk-n hum 
amttttralt/fecf thartuter. . . . Now 

oaarebOTO 
the bestial appetite ami craving! of pri- 
mitive man, his fiendish cruelty, and 
;ing Mr rmnott flesh." 
is a Harvard professor 
thus c people generally 

accredit to the 

and the teachings of Jesus Christ 

mply education or force, 

is inherent in the naturally 

. man, who, like To; 

gradually " growed " up to what he 

It were easy to go on thus multi- 
ply! ;. a of the truth of our 
observation, that Mr. Fiskc reduces 
tianttj to a m)th; but we think 
there is enough proof already. We 
pass by many here 
the author's display of shallow learn* 
rty equalled by his ' 
in .1 note (p. 4 8 )> he wo 

I us infer that the Jews bel: 
ill I plurality the 

ins, because Eiohim — God — is 

plural — a common use of the word 

1 lish Version, as a I 
Co<l us go down and 

confound their tongue," etc; bat 
the i unly nei ireted 

it at . anything else than 

one G iui they adon L It was 

rely a for;- ng <>t the 

te of the Trinity. In 
e, he informs us that 5. Ursula is 






2(6 



Myths and Myth-Mongers. 



Artemis and Aphrodite, S. Gertrude 
the heatftetuHolda. He is evidently 
unaware that one of the most popular 
books of Catholic devotion is written 
by the "heathen llolda." Stl 

CCUracsot of this description are 
unaccountable. In any other person 
they would indicate a mind inflated 
with thai - little learning" 

which Pope warns us i in a 

Banrasd "professor of philosophy," 
they doubtless take the form of Shake- 
speare's sins against grammar and 
good Uste, and go down as " beau- 
ties." "Angels — women with large 
wings" (/if)— are kinsfolk of the ■ 
wolf family, and Christianity has "de- 
gnn/ttt the beneficent lightning-god, 
Tl.ur," into the " grotesque tncihajv.nl 
devil." Odin and other glorious di- 
gnities undergo a similar hideous 

formation under the "degl 
ing" influence of Christianity. In 
. Christianity is bol a system of 

:.;.;, -tl ill pl.i.;:. . nrh 

by no means improve* on tbe ohl 
pagan superstitions. The devil is 
really a good-natured sort of being, 
or was nil Christianity cane Bid 
spoiled hi* temper tad himself gene- 
rally. Of course such a being never 
xcept in the brain of soper- 
stitinus people unendowed with scien- 
tific faith, who were racking their 
brains to find out the meaning ol 
eternal puule, darknev. ;. so 

that they at length came to embody 
darkness in the form of the devil, and 
light in the person of God, or Jupiter, 
or Apollo, or William Tell. That is 
the plain English of Mr. Fiske's 

Mr. Frske seems to think that he 
has struck a new vein, and opened up 
to the world a golden ore long hid- 
ten. Mis theory is as ohl as any 
other; and he has only given us a 
poor rehash of what much cleverer 
men than he have orersurfeited us 
with ages ago. Before attempting to 



handle the subjects he has touc 
upon, it would be advisable to go 
school again, and he might thus 
saved a lamentable display of' 
ignorance on points known to all 
world, save apparently to Mr. lis 
In a very weak review of a most 
teresting and- clever hook, Jit 

■V, written by a scholar and 
thinker, neither of which titles we I 
justified in applying t ike, 

this latter gentleman remarks, v. 
astonishment, that Mr. Gladstone 
draws an analogy between the gods 
of heathendom and the God of Chris- 
tianity : in other words, between i 
tortcd truth and its first original 

. again, is as old as the hills. 
Prometheus, for instance, has struck 
all readers as a wonderful type of the 
Si', iour ; and so with other gods . 
heroes of an. Scholars are 

til to draw likenesses bet* 
the characters of the fables of pagan 
antiquity and those of the sa< 
Scriptures; such connection is by no 
means necessary to prove the truth 
of Christianity and of the docrines 
of Revelation. Christianity is here, 
around us, living, real : we are in it. 
It is clear, well defined, unchanging, 
distinct, a solemn and awful fact : deal 
w itii it, study it, iU- you can. 

It has nn connection, claims no i 
nection, needs no connection, with 
paganism. It stands alone, self-suf- 
ficient, for God is its centre. It em- 
braces the world; it rules nations; 
and the better the governments, the 
nearer tliey approach to the obscrv* 
ance of its codes. History hallows 
it ; scientific discovery only tends to 

TO our faith in it. It is su;>er- 
scding all things, as its Founder mi 
it should ; and people have the impu- 
dence, for it is nothing else, to come 
and tell us to-day, in out-of-the-way 
notes in silly books, thai 
dou- th! We can 

say t ■ . . kgtJ 



Myths and Myilt-Mongtrt. 



a :o sit down in 
ki chair, ami spin out a theory, con- 
scc'.ing the most distant objects to* 
hi3 own mind. Thus Mr. 
drives Tell back to the sun, or 
or Odutseux, as he prefers to 
tor he takes kindly to what 
>e pardoned calling the Gr»- 
etymology; and even in this, 
all poor imitators, goes beyond 

master. 11 h tc • is I'lysses 

»a» a man, a great traveller, who had 
many lands. Oh 1 no, says Mr. 
1 lomcT made a great mistake; 
know whit lie was talking 
; Ulysses was meant for the 
And yet Mr. Fiskc tells us 
:.ve men 
ke our own, anil, when they 
llie fat-darting sun-;- 
meant just what they said." 
ly should not this reasoning I 

I I'lysses, ax well as fur 

. we might take up the story 
-covcry of Living- 
Monc. u>d concoct a far better myth 
on of it than Mr. Fbke has out of 
many of hit materials. Livingstone, 
Eke Ulysses, b a man who had seen 
many lands; he is hurried away and 
tat to the world in a dark ami fiery 
Com try— a land of demons and impen- 
etrable burning deserts. The world 
laments his loss, and Stanley, the 
youthful. i , goes out to seek 

lam. and, after the usual obstacles, 
find* him in the dark land, clothed in 
rags with a blue cap on his head, 
adorned with an I, a long 

Leant foiling gray over his breast, 
surrounded by the dark children of 
the ilcsert. When that I New 

Zr ?' the rains of 

Bridge, some fuiure Professor Fiske 
ably take up this story of 
to-day, and w i it as 

re*ent one has done wi 
sen.; but Mr. Fill member 

rpbet who foretold the 



New Zcalander in his incongruous 
;ion only did so to serve as an 
example of the indestructibility of 
God's church. 

If he must refer everything back to 
light, why not go a little beyond the 

to the Lux MunJi — the I 
which shincth in the darkness, but 
which the darkness compt 
not? Light and fire run from the 
beginning to the end of the New and 
Old Testaments, M typical of < ! 
The first thing God nude was light ; 
he spoke to Moses in a burning bu 

•ngcl accompanied his people in 
a cloud and a pillar of light Man 
cannot look upon his face and live, 
for the glory of it. Is it possible that 
Mr. I'iske, who is so keen at connec- 
tions, could miss such palpable indi- 
cations of the connection lu-t.vcen 
the traditions he has mentioned 
Revelation, without being struck by it, 
unless he did so intentionally ? 

Had we space, we could show by 
comparison that the very words he 
has quoted from Indian and oilier 
traditions of the Michabo, t) 
white One, of the origin of the world 
and the history uf the Deluge, ore 
almost identica I isc even « 

the Scriptures. From F. Di 

interesting Indian sketches, appear- 
ing in the Catholu Rtview, we find 
..ins adore thl 
, who is, above all, the All- 
poverfuLand sacrifice to him through 
the sun and the than .use 

the sun U his grt-at servitor. 

And as for lhc dcsil. whom Mr. 
Fiske finds such ai | charac- 

ter (happy man ! may he D 
undeceived |), it may make I 

>ur part, we have a very 
belief in his exist e nce i 
power to do harm ; in 1 we 

only discern 

stronger and mote powerful than 
|'ivk I the 

est flavor of the genuine article — 






2lS 



Myths and Mylk-Mongtrs. 



real brimstone and fire — we should 
have been led to refer its authorship 
to the wry personage whom Mr. 

c so despises. As it is, the * 
is unworthy of his Satanic roaj 
He inspired the idea which aarakOMfl 
it long ago, bat the present execu- 
tion is by too weak a hand for 
In this We find an indication that the 
i : .s used u|> and gone beyon<l 
working order— driven to death, in 
fact. 

Superstition undoubtedly did exist 
in the middle ages; perhaps — for we 
are not too ready to believe this age 
so very far superior in many points 
to t! generally conced- 

ed; at all events, the world, as the 
world, is materially even very little 
bettt: oil' than it then was, notwith- 
standing all our boasted science, and 
the rest, and I jutted to man 

arc not lengthened — pernio*, then, 
rsiiiion did flourish a: that time 
Rt than it does to- 
. but what docs that prove ? 
Simply tli.n Christianity, "that stu- 

procea ol breeding, 
not convert the world in a da/. 

upetstition pros ail to a greater 
or b -.ban it did prim to the 

iru't; I '.fore 
the ol<l Jewish order passed away, 
and a — to there* 

» as no longer to be re- 
stricted to a single nation, hut whn fa 
was to spi iad, to become I 

>rld. the 
family ol human creatures, 

within iis bosom ? Was it, so much 
of it 

in tin ipcmatural nfch 

•pies tin-- universe? Were the 
ods of blood and bestiality, 
^d Frig*, "degra- 
de! ' ? Could they be degraded? 
r Jupiter, nr 
bus, or the multitude of others by 
being rej the truth, by the 

which was so long coming and 



expected of the nations — by the ! 
of Justice? 

It was this bursting of the I 
the world upon nations which 
: ever the dark mists of 
Mition that had so lonj; hidden 
creation from its Creator ; this 
the Sun the nations dimly saw 
adored ; this was the victor 
Conqueror who Overcame all 
staclcs by his own surTerin 
death, and sacrifice ; who. lit 
theus, "came to cast fire upon 
earth," and who died in agony 
save his I I destroy the 

Jove v» iih his heaven of immorality 
Jesu I a whose name "cv 

kr.ee shall bow." 

And the darkness was this 
devil, the author of all evil, who 
freely and consciously, in eternal 

. gain! I God ; who cannot 1 
destroyed, for God bim 

mortal ; who uses the power still 

which was once heavenly, 
older to lead into rebellion all 
tion against the God he hates 
an eternal hatred ; who is permit 
id to tempt man, for mania 
free agent — God not having enc 
cd a mere machine with the hr 
■ , the breathing of his 

la freely 
consciously as did Satan, 

Mere lay the puzzle of dark.; 
light, good and evil, right an . 
I he world saw itself bounded eve 
- by the in : by its wk 

edness it had lost the clear knowl 
of it; God ; it would overleap 
barriers, and reach him again. 
Craving Of its heart was eternal ; 
saw the marks of its God aro 
heaven declared the gl 
the firmament displayed t 
wonders of his . 

peroattrral, and won but 

eyes led, and, groping in i 

darkness for their < Ii 
his er icd him. 



Myths and Myth-Mongers. 



219 



Bganism was and is lite worship 
be devil The evil one allows 

Btcver 

y plea.se. provided only they 

God. Impurity, b. 

intellectual pride, all 

es that lead astray, are for him 

. of God is one and 

:ablc, the same ) 

md, then 
gh it is hard to kick against the 
I! of man whispers 
him ever, for he finds 
everywhere. 

hat. then, dealt the death-blow 
ape: Was it scientific 

, or the coming of Christ? 

Must have soi 

world through all the ages had 
yearning for a something want- 
this searching after .1 something 

It felt the supernatural, the 
i— it felt, but did not see. So 
I otic ,;n a religion of his 

it eternal 
c all one, to satisfy the craving 
ie world, that . 
what can fill it, save the su 
• 

1 ■ l.rist 

Ibrto and lings 

my reverse of what those who 

'-mscqucntly, ill 

Ited, and 1 cpt 

no sooner 

'.han 

gropcrs in the 

the Sua; th Irop- 

:. at 

■ <ng satisfied; 

saw tlir: 

for they 

d a teas. ry in 

ill- powerful, all- l-ci 

ad the world 1 scientific 

:il give a 

itioa would still reign paran:> 



among m Creatine faith 7 

What can it do? That si 
me days srl 
built the pyrai bed cities 

whose ruin;; are the v, f to- 

day, converted die Eastern deserts 
into gardens, constructed the alpha* 

Parthenori I the 

geometrical figure, organized the sci- 
ences of noc 

set up leaning towers, 
we 1 ::ie men who per- 

formed 1 iders can scarcely 

be set down os "knowing nothing of 
the laws of nature, nothing about 

I, nothing about the re- 
lations of cause and eject. 4 This 
has made an advance ou them, it 
is true; but an advance Utl 
proportionate to the centuries which 

-tween; nay, in some 
it bos retrograded. 
Did people wait, then, for scientific 
faith to Eft the veil from their eyes, 

ingsofCbristiai 
and the appearance of rist 

How much more 

scientific faith taught us than it 
taught the men who centuries ago, by 
their intimate and accurate knowledge 
of natural causes, wrou;.,' roo* 

dera touched upon above ? The su- 
pernatural still confronts did 
them. Science ends with the scien- 
tist. Can it t'-ll him who he is, or 

he is? Can it touch the tig 
ning, he sun, reveal the m 

tery of iiii ith ? It can tell 

live and p -ch 

or such a tireui hat 

ill life L> over. But can it tell us 
what is life, whence it came, whither 
it goes ? what the world ide 

it, why it was n ied 

i>, why it grows up into a Uce, why 
the leaves sprout from the hard wood, 
who set all this princi] go- 

and why? Here lies the mys- 
tery I led men; here science 

, and God reveals himself: it is 



awed into iltencc, and listens for hb 

.rtielc once more, 
lli t i I to the wri- 

• uken to its 
ince 

i.iytht which goes 

Bum* 

Hut even 

i i i 

kc to 

li ihey know 

,i type of 

• I tlic sa- 

. -uth 

p -•■ cnlariy 

i die highest 

uin whom, therefore, 

led. Men woo- 



the immorality of < 
the young man of society o 
Why woniler, when has | 
teach liira that morality b 
Christianity a fable, and all i 
sham ? We cannot affect 
when the stakes played fa 
high. The morality of th< 
rue depends on the educai 
ceives. When, therefore, 
men, set in high places in 
most universities, abusing tl 
, anil striving by every I 

powei to sap and ut 
Christian education, wc thi 
ous phrases idle and polish 
thrown away. Insult 
must be met with other weap 
Mr. Fiske wishes to know 
a myth or noi 
sit down and study before p 
ing. When he has sought 
quired earnestly, he will fin 
to furnish him with the righj 



HEAVKX. 



VV'H*r man that t* jourr: 
oad, doth not hasten back*;ml 
n, his native land? Who that a 
^ceding a voyage toward them he 
,, loop not with more ardor for 
a prosperous wind, that so he may 
embrace his friends the sooner? 
. . . It a a large and loving 
company who expect us there: 
parents, brothers, children, a tr. 
fold and numerous assemblage long- 
ing after us, who, hating security 
of their own immortality, still feel 
anxious for our salration. . . . 
Ah! perfect and perpetual bliss) 
re is the glomes company of the 
apostle*; there is the assembly of 
jrfgpbcu e x ultin g ; these is the in- 



numerable multitude of 
crowned after their victory 
and passion; there are vi 
urophant, who have oven 
vigor of coniincncy, the 

f the flesh and body. 
To these, dearest brethre 
with eager longings haste 
be the portion which w 
speedily to be among them 
to be gone to Christ. Go 
this thought of ours ! This 
of our mind and faith may 
Christ witness ! — who will 
recompenses of his glory tl 
according as mans longi 
him hare been the ctron 



Dies Ira. 221 



DIES iRiE. 

Day of Doom I O day of terror ! 
Prophet's word, and Sibyl's finger 
Point to one dread day of anger, 



When the skies shall warp and wither, 
Ocean shrink and dry together, 
Solid earth consume to cinder. 



Day of nature's dissolution, 

Day of final retribution — 

Some to joy, and some to sorrow. 



Hark ! the trumpet-blast terrific. 
How the dead, in mingled panic, 
Gather to the dread assizes ! 



Death shall stand aghast, and Nature, 
When from dust the summoned creature 
Rises trembling to make answer. 

Ah, the wonder I oh, the wailing ! 
When the heavens above unveiling, 
Show the Judge of all descending. 

Now begins the awful session. 
Sinner, make thy full confession ; 
Naught avails the least evasion. 



Lo, the Book of Doom ! each action, 
Secret sin, or bold transgression, 
Idle word, foul thought, is noted. 



Strictest justice is accorded ; 
Grace to gracious deed afforded, 
Death to deadly sin awarded. 



222 Dies Ira. 



Oh ! where saints must fear and tremble, 
Could I stand the test, thus sinful ? 
Could I find a plea for pardon ? 

Could an advocate avail me ? 
Pleas and advocates all fail me. 
Jesus ! thou alone canst save me. 

Mighty Monarch ! oh, remember 
That blest day of blest December — 
'Twas for me the Virgin bore thee. 

Seeking me, beside the fountain 
Thou didst rest thee; to the mountain, 
For my sake, thou didst betake thee ; 

On that dear cross, to redeem me, 
Thou didst hang. Lord ! is it seemly, 
So much costing, I should perish ? 

Thou didst smile on Mary's unction, 
Tearful love, and deep compunction, 
On the dying thiefs confession. 

Like them guilty, like them grieving, 
Like them loving, and believing, 
Lord ! show me a like compassion. 

To thy mercy I confide me ; 
From thy justice, Saviour, hide me, 
Ere that day of dread accounting. 

Oh, that day of strange uprising ! 
Oh, that solemn criticising ! 
Oh, that sentence past reversal ! 



Peace to thee ! departed brother, 
Tenant once of this cold clay I 
Jesus I give him rest alway. Amen. 



C.W. 




man as a Br tad-Winner. 



**3 



\S AS A BREAD-WINNER. 



all things that axe not of pre- 

we must needs, il .-. to 

race the world, take the world 

We nuy deplore that the 

.vscd the romantic si c- 

lhr< i course once 

td, . .-less to 

Indeed, its 

Htting strength is so ominous 

no »ise man can si ig on 

tout seeing the ur 
I of [ outlets tor its 

Jtuo- hould come upon 

cu w-re*, and sweep him away 

id. The a 

rfmcni of our age is this stream 

& demands of us new chano 

Wo to spend its exuberant ac- 

pcrlups depends upon 

hcthcr the new de- 

rot shall be a blessing or a 
The church knows that her 
■ the van of humanity, and 
left young century she turn* ha 
i.couragement, bidding it j-o 
i and do its allotted work under 
Hnner. She hallows all discover- 
knits them to herself by the 
ees she causes them to render to 
truth, ami, ■ bolder innovator 
die . , she opens 

arms to every development 
e capal ! be turned to 

ria« account. We ma) 

new thing or idea 
h does not at once draw upon 
the chui roving notice, 

rth more I thought, 

lets the < . and 

her i il>le and 

Blid. More than that, all that is 
ed as new and good is contain- 
foreshadowed jo-ncwherc with- 
ulc, cither in the hidden 



achievements of her sons, or in the 
written record of her attitude towards 
human progress. 

■ if worn- 
topic univers. one 

which it has become the fashion to 
look upon as the pet offspring of this 
There arc two 
ived in tli ion : 

one I 1. upon which we have 

already touched, and one practical. 
The former treats of the abstract right 
of equality between man and woman, 
the latter (more sensibly) of the em- 
ployment of women, and of their Si 
ness for bread-v» inning purposes, 
nan has so many spheres that it 
is difficult to mass her duties and 
rights in one sweeping code; and, 
though her peculiar gift of home 
ministry is the one which renders 

bet most amiable in the <-•;, 

opposite sex, it should be remember- 
ed that it is this scry <l.r 
which often obliges her to take to 
self-supporting labor. In this, how 
far superior is womanhood to m 
hood.' For whereas a man's chief 
when entering • profession 
or learning a trade own ad- 

vancement and pecuniary success in 
life, H woman's intention when v 
ing for her bread is almi sbly 

the support of one weaker than her- 
self, or the li;; if the burden 
ahcady borne by the other, to 
sense, we may say that woman is 
more heroic than man 
as she is by the fery nobility of her 
nature to ennoble the lowest things 
with which necessity brings her in 
contact. Work in itself, simply as oc- 

B noble 
thing and the fulfilment of the divine 



22 4 



Woman as a Bread-Winner. 






law, but when undertaken with a 
motive such as the support of aged 
parents and of sick children, or the 
reparation of an act of dishonesty 
committed by a dishonorable mem- 
ber of the family.it rises even to sub- 
limity. Women arc not exempt from 
the law of labor, though it has 
been an immemorial custom that 
their fathers, brothers, and hus- 
bands should shield them fron. 
" hc^ Itics. Work, in ^ miti- 

gated sense, has always been the lot 
of woman, but among Christians it is 
so hallowed as to be rather a privi- 
lege than a yoke. In heathen na- 
tions, woman's work was merely that 
of a female animal, necessarily not 
quite so hard as man's, but only light- 
er in consideration of her physical 
powers and certainly not in rcver- 

» lot her rightful dignity. It km 
not the wife and mother who was 
thought of then : it was the female 
beast of burden, St most the favorite 
of the hour. Judaism, the dawn of 
a broader and holier dispense 
naturally betrayed its divine origin 

protecting the person and proper- 
ty and regulating the labor of wo- 
man, thereby elevating drudgery into 
home duties, and raising to the dig- 
nay of a contracting party one who 
had bectl hitherto but a servile tool. 
Christianity went ■ step further, and 
threw open the doors of the temple 
to woman, (offering her to assume 
every position her mental or moral 
ambition led her to desire, save the 

. e of the priesthood. Judaism had 

je by 
looking upon every union as a possi 
b)e link in the future genealogy of the 
Messiah ; and the perfection of the 
Hebrew •Iminatcd in Mary, 

the Veritable human mother of the 
Eternal Word. But Christianity had 
an additional crown to bestow on 
womanhood, and, unlike Judaism, in- 
stead of leading up to tins new per- 



fection, it first reared its ideal, 
then called upon all unborn gene 
tions to follow it as closely as mij 
Thus the two systems, marriage 
virginity, converged for one 
lous moment in the stainless per 
of the Blessed Virgin Mary; 
since after that unique mothcrii 
there could be no aspiring to bece 
an earthly ancestor of the l'romii 
One, a new relationship with God 
that of Spouse — came to be the hi 
est honor attainable by womanhc 
Step by step, God had brought at 

woman's enfranchisement, had 

in hie law the dignity with v. I 
Jews had invested her. and a 

terioos, unearthly dignity wr 
he alone can understand, an. i 
one word, made perfocti 
attainment by her. Her work. 
necessarily came under this er 
bling process, and sbc can look 
With pride to the example of the 
ical woman— the lx<t perfect Jcv 
matron, the first perfect Christ 
virgin — and sec the daughter 
kings and the Mother of God ate 
ing to lowly household duties. 

The Old and New Testament] 
full of circumstances or sayings 

rence to the subject of wor 
work. Although it is not cxprc 
mentioned in the curse pronoun 
on Adam after the Fall, there ca 
ibt that it is included 
The race of man was there doon 
to earn its bread by the sweat i 
brow, and though a special pi 
ment was also awarded the offend 
•• mother of all the living," 
seems to have been included in 
general curse of labor. Events | 
proved this, and so long and reg 
a succession of events must 
have had a deeper reason than 

temporal expediency. In the his 
of Jacob and his two wives, we i 
I reference to the importan 
woman in a question of wages an* 



van as a Bread- Winner. 



225 



Once. J j serving his 

i seer.. before doing so 

nd puts 

..-rrcached 

IniJ striven to do him harm. 

could 

used tin of 

faker having waited their law- 

ice and having counted 

: ile they com- 

:or championing : 

takio Lord had 

all that was othc 

history of the infant . 
daughter make; a . 

he wc 
a fair contract, by which the 

»a earned an cquiva- 
;u nurse. 
. the 

loogh perhaps a lesser exam- 

R\a she is of en 
Una his wife we 
iork, and she brought home 

I 

ms to 
ion of her 

, the had brough I 
I kid, whether she were sure 
it stolen ? 1 

id consisted 
irives would 
•esame prove 

|] [. 
same then 
I now ; and one charm of die 
ib!c narrative; lies just i 

■■• so naively human. In 
>ok of Ecclcsiastieus we road : 



TO 



L. XVII.— I : 



. | a help- 
mate like to he gave them 
counsel and a tongue, and eyes. 
cars, and a heart to dm ise, . . .' * 
woman is here expressly includ- 
ed in the intellectual 1 ped 
upon man, and ii ry to the 

sup- 
pose that these gifts were in 
merely ornamental. Matters of i 
sigh;. 

dendrcome under the fa dngs 

to be 

ther on « ! wife is a 

gtoJ pur;.: : "the grace of a 

woman shall delight net 
band and shall /at his bones." \ By 
this is meant "increase nil sub- 
two v, . 

or earning something herself. 1 . 
if the " diligent woman " gave her 
husband nothing but counsel, that in 

■ild be a material help: "A 
frwiait wife is from the Lord." { 

To guard against the abta 
unrcmuncratcd labor, to wi 
.!}• (ir tin ; : 

Heh. it be subjected, Moses 

provided, irof 

ieth of Jul 
• ■ i .. aim with 

the service of bond-so it he 

shall he as a hinting and a.t.yj.v/. 

: foi 
ii i lie served before." § With re- 
gard to women, the laws were the 
same. '• When thy brothef a 

roan or Hebrew tww 
10 thee and hath set 

nth year thou shall 
let him go :. i when thou 

thou shall n&t 
Ut him ff> away empty ; but shall | 
him i«i bis way out of thy flrj 
and out of thy lunvtloor and thy 
winepress," || and it is specially re- 

■ Bcd tIbM.nvLs.tf. 

S Lei i!. *xv. 39. *». S3- 
I Numb. xxx. 19. 



226 



Woman as a Bread-Winner. 



commended that bondmen ar.d bond- 
women should not l>e of the chosen 
nice, but uf the " nations around " the 

icws. As to the responsibility 
of women concerning vows, we read 
that a woman und pow«r of 

her father or husband shall be 

id to falfil a vow contingently on 
the consent of her superior, but an 
independent woman is bound like a 
man : " The widow, and she that is 
cod, shall fuh . per they 

vow." * This argues at least a rec- 
ognition of woman's full powers of 
reasoning, choice, and accountability, 
all of which are involved in the seri- 
ous matter of a vow. In the Gospel 
of S. Luke, there is a passin;. 
to female manual labor in tin: par- 
able that foretells Christ's second 
coming : " 7hw women shall be 
grinding together, the one shall be 

ii and the other left " — which al- 
leaningless. AD through 
the New Testament additional Ii 

browo n:i the figurative expres- 
sions by the common customs of the 
country during our Lord's human 
life in Judea, and so wc may infer 
that in those days women frequently 
nils in various ag- 

Itural pursuits. 
Martha, the sister of Lazarus, has 
always l> :d upon as a type 

of active, busy life, according to our 
lord's words " Thou art trou. 
about many things." Hut this wag 
wholly meant as a rebuke, for 
there is a great difference between 
being troubled and being absorbed by 
worldly matters. Some among ui 
must bear the domestic burden, in 
order that others may have the 
leisure needed for contemplation. 
Their place in the world is non-. 
less holy because it is not the most 
perfect, for if there were no rungs to 
the ladder but the topmost one, how 

•Dwiw. urn 



would it be possible to 
The workers of this worl 

i as well as the 
Martha holds almost as hi; 
esven as her sister w 
"the better part." In the 
the Apostles, it is relate 
Paul, going out of the ga 
lippi and seeing there so 
assembled, spoke 
upon *' a on nan 

Lydia, a seller of purple of 
of Thyatira . . did 1 
when .the was baptized, 
household^ she besought us, 
. . . come into my house a 
there. And she constraino 
I : doubt! 
been sufficiently well off, a 

an ui 

woman. Her business, wt 
probably conducted herself, 

lishcd by the 
seller of i nst have 

her affluence, for her ho* 
household arc specially m 
and it strikci us also as a 
her self-supporting am 
operations, that, being of th 
Thyatira, she had 

■ and established a honn 
■ 

i l'hilippi, ai 
as they leave their confinem 
to Lydia's house that I 

went ou. 
in, and entered into 
ia ; and having seen t 
tin, they comforted them 
parted." t The nan 
thai the house of the 
" seller of purple " was 1 1 
the time being, of the little 
■nuiiity; that here wcr 
sembtii • held and religious 
performed; ai 
' i 



• A<U XTl. U. I J. 



•I 




a school and cl 
i were licr own ; legi 

lary trade. 
at to" of her i 

her sod:! i 
i only as a " seller i 
I a docile recipient ot 
here was j 

about her — she was 

mum of her 

e she hail worked to 

I a purpose — simplc-mind- 

cd the 

1 ce she 

Kraim- > dwell 

Men powerful auxiliaries, speaks 

S Eptstlc to the Romans of 

|J»e, oar sister in the ministry of 

(larch (a dcaronrw.] . . . that 

s»s»t her in whatsoever /. 

till hare di 

ktth assisted winy."* 

leaily points to her 

I hail, cither grc.it possessions, 

emphatic proof 

debarred 
e in evci. 
so long as her nv 

by it Judith, the 
r, occupied a pi 
' An* I hi 

and I 

sequel of 
showed that she wns 

were her 

iA*. She must 

en of r 

an eye for i 

nates whom she prob- 

in the management 



of her possessions. She was no 
doiilit a mother and a guardian to 
her w.i i, although young 

and beam 

she :vity and 

my beyond her years. 
B not set upon the ftivol 
of SO and she gave hrr 

ranch to prs; 

I an 
upper chamber of her house. It is a 

to supp" 
interferes with i 

t man <ir woman, i 
mate cares of life are , 
paiiblc with an unu-.ua! de;-rc<: 
gpiritttality, indeed, m many cases 
b circs become absolute duties. 
The the 

outer sphere of busin 
and i ..all ten- 

ii aggran: 
ment, enl hallows the 

worldly qti :c to its suc- 

"I derd Tlie world 

'y and grave infltli 
n ii. | 

■ ia), and 
every lawful < 

■ that natur;.', mc- 

ment which is their liirtiiri. 

Id alw> strive to ml t ;i 

1 
i rovcrbs,* nor- 

ablc description of fli wo- 

than this Scripture from the va< 

l tyj>es of modem i.>od 

-ent 

lions as to woman's place and 

proper employ I the 

iing 

ofoi Of her devotion to 

. :, it is mid that ■• his hi 

ia her, aiui ht si 

no nrtJ of spoils'' She is not of I 

essivc, self-protecting type » 






Mi 






• Prov. ml, 10-31. 



223 



Woman as a Br cad-Winner. 



which wc arc (for our sins) 

she « not of those U) hus- 

at all tii vable at any; she 

is riot of the independent sisterhood 
wbo take their passions for ins| 
rations and their caprices for rules. 
Her ml': mightily | 

her hush •., for ore 

;irc told I Me in the 

gates when he sittcth among the 
sen:; Hilts 

lo the wise worn I po- 

iD, no doubl more < i ef- 

forts, lier industry, and her prudi 
than simply to her noble birth. She 
might — i of her modern sis- 

ters— have been born in the mora 
mate walks of life, she mi 

lucated with care and 
she might have be< 
perfect command of dome 

and 
hoisebol 

;iredt!ial XU gOod- 

ihai marhs the « 

and gently nurtured all over the i 
ilim uid yet with all li 

cd total lane in life — she mi 

. a mx i.il Doo 
. worthy and 

re there not in 
world, in all i ; so- 

i ; I I But ti. ivo- 

bove 

level of i barren op- 

the first 

life, simply bc- 

. • prudeno 

l»cr counsels, ring 

ier irell-apj 

her forethought, her 
ston id, linen, I, re- 

to 

mong the - 
he it known aa • >g a 

HIK that doubles ail his wealth, 
and is herself worth all bit 

c doubled. Kut she is not en- 



V dependent on him in h 
lor we sec that "she 
considered a field and bought 
with the fruit of her hands she I 
1 a vim ;. This 

closely on our subject, 
r the Scriptures hoi 
woman i to think, spc 

late, work . Ustodl 

hath tasted and 
that hi good: . . . shci 

i sold it, . . . 
hath not • I idle." Nt 

all this points to more than mere | 
inestic thrift. Here we see wor 
ed wife, not as an 
gressive spinster, not as a frivolc 
social ornament, Dot -s a mere he 
hold drudge, but woman as a j 

ith grave duties aw 

the "• d yet 

-in. 
he sells, 

soiic 
iem," charit 
and gentle to the poor, beloved 
her bi d by her i 
dreo, she appears here as judg 
by flu I wor 
'■ Favor i. deceitful, and beauty 
an that feu 

[...: I, ihl 

of lb' ber hands; an.. 

■e bet in i 

So that she is not only to earn,] 
to enjoy. She 

the world, and a voice in matters j 

importance — she "o 

.. and the law of ci 
is on her tongue." Her opin 
to be sol idcrcd, followed; 

her example is to be looked upon 
with reverence, am m is to 

merge into admiration, i I 
Btion is to be that of an arbiter and 
referee, neither sinking to that of a 
petted child nor i 
of an tin i 
waif. It is not from a band of social 



as a Bread-Winncr. 



229 




whose common exile links 
common defence, that she is 
eck support ; but in the circle of 
own home, in the ccntic wl 

fi take the helm and gracefully 

(cut the throne. No violence 

ifter impossible iramuni- 
to disfigure her calm atl 

ven if her 

If must vindicate its wisdom. 

iy be objected that all this is 

theory, and would work 

auably if all women were vrist, and 

Ben worthy nf thcm._ Hut who 

ts not know that ideals 

twr.c healthful influences unless 

tola ted into facts, and that theo- 

I never succeed in iKttering 

world t here 

i cases ? Would the 

b« worth any- 

the outside world 111 

; oun- 

anything should take Itold 
i and mould it to 

• uis before it has I 

' it is 
;. stats 

■ 
11 will not 
sain! c all ca: 

; like 
mpase like Bet 

1 t to be cs- 

to the barren region of things 

admired bat n ted? 

absolute : was 

ile by man, everj man 

re resigned himself to a 

contemplation of the tine 

inity, wc should 

ter on, because it 
n/Aa/e 



1 strike at the toot of ettry 
abu ked 

on whil tendotn crumbled 

awn. reg- 

ory Ddebrand, 

Innocent 111., nu 

if an inflexible n --ule 

were the only point worth aiming at, 

•. .1 
Teres . Xavter, a Philip 

1 Paul? In 
worl' :4— 

tentative steps leading to higher 
things, and opening doors of p 
.- to hitherto untried systems. 
'I else is 
Immovable, then ia 
progress, and if here or there one 
soldi —not through 

lark of : ingh the 

of adv. 1 . or 

the 1 <.till 

shrouds his contemporaries while he 

be- 
■ 

■ greal work of Chris- 
tian 1 
in the world, in art • . in 

YYhatil 
position never has been made abso- 
ly certain ? The 

pale; it 
remains for the world to open its 
eye 1 ;, and extend til IB of the 

men 1 has so long groped for 

in its wilful dai i II the 

have been st> iperatioo 

in the sanctuary nf the old church. 

Ile to obj 
we have said about woman's work, 
reward, and po II in 

theory." If a few pioneers will do 
fur the system what • m or 

. enterprising individuals are ever 
read;. y material scheme 

that presents but the su'j nee 



2^0 



:an as a Braiti-Wininr. 



dd would soon sec 
the noblest reform of all achieved in 
the very core oi society. Nay, we 
uomarx t 

. / on ; only let the 
blU' i:c:il 

and took into the silent, gigantic work 
ever mewing its strength in the 
church ; nod see homes 

. cul-.L-r as managq or 
woi. ha lupreme rod of 

gentle authority ; lei it sec the maiden 
toiling cheerfully for her aged pa- 
rents or bringing home food and 

little ltst< 
ili^ brothers — the 

1C hllsb:: D Ullg 

out by skilful mans 

into an income, and evolving comfort 

: '.'Is COUld 

dow keeping ha stored Mate, u 
sailed by calumny, through the earn- 
ings which secure her privacy, or the 

thef joydilly burci: 
with the 'tgacy that ;.. 

her both an object to live for and a 
memory to live in. Hidden hoi 
these may be. poor homes they al- 
most all arc— waded by the 

iroom.hu 
cramped in the garrets of tenement- 
houses •. 
respectability of Ann 

uonc the le>s prcciou 
sight of the angels, and an example 
sight of men. 

We huvi much Qi 

Scriptural conception of woman as a 
bread-winner, because Upon this as a 
solid m can build up 

tlie farther dovetopmcat of such ■ 
woman's position. IV that 

is compatible with the tfitU d this 
conception may be said, in br . ul 
compreheusivenesi, to be allowable 

I ..nun. EvetJ tiling that can be 
referred to this ideal, as naturally 
flowing therefrom, is in 

her relations with the great working 



hive of mankind. Intellectual 1, 
csp< cfitting to her. wi 

the limus prescribed by 
Manual labor, 

ting, both because of her phy 
moic still be» 
■o free asso< 
it often d :-. D 

tic labor, where this L> not uiue 
ably he Mainly witiiiu 

ffbm — and for this no better re 

i than thai :!ic women 
Ol i il times tin u>cs- 

nue. 
With this view, we say that as ma- 
ny openings for the employment of 
woman as can possibly be made, con- 
sistently icacy and won.. 

mod uld lie »]•; 

ed. -No one need fear that . 
openings will deprive us of neccssa» 
: way of domestic 
attendance; I always be a 

10m 

service will be thi .iral and 

i whom in :.u t it 

wiil !«: the only care. will 

I ? to the • ;hey 

This will be the i<^»l- 

ty ; the real problem will always re- 

i side — thi 
as to ho» man) women can be »e- 
ned from the bondage of circum- 
:eS by BO] ■'■'■ of re- 

demption. It is appalling i 
of tin many worm n, delicate-mind 
erseveriug, who ace iu i 
womanhood, v ould be i 

. l and their boast, only the bar- 
rier to their aspirations, the prison- 
door of tii ii capabilities. It is ter- 
rible to reckon the number of woi 
who lose themselves, and wander 
away from their place in society, either 
through the door of open shame or 
through the only less n 
of that which is called but is. not 
marriage ; or visionary, defiant " in- 
dependence." How many fallen 



as a Bread-Winner. 



231 




sadly excuse themselves by 
^ that tbey could find no work 
to do, and yet could not beat to 
«arv. the other hand, in wo- 

waen who have obviated that degra- 
dation by leaping into another, we 
mx the inevitable action of the nap 

ipun 

ca unducijdined nature. Women 
* often accused of betnj< aiw 

; the accusation, in the 
■of women untrained by religious 
encc '.rue, al- 

gb 1 well be said thai 

the £ad holds equally good with men 
who sue not restrained by such in- 
fluences. So. between open degra- 
dation and blatant "woman's n 
■ the mind of the untutored 
nun t*ill almoit certait ;it by 

:id no mean. 
I» this pkturc overdrawn ? We 
are ready to affirm ag. again 

that C annals of sc 

scart'bU and the records of the di- 
vorce court* show not ; for 
what difierence a there but a despi- 
cable and conventional one between 
the legalized rc-rnarhagc of a guilty 
woman to her seducer, and the ilia 
Union of so many unhappy cot 
•hose relations k is a breach of pro- 
priety even to mention ? 

Thn nhood outside the 

church. 

d one of 

homes we have already praised, 

homes of honest work and per- 

ktz 1 The wori ire a 

cation of women bred in such home, 

Bum tur . her 

wo- 
■Mill 1 1 ml. The secret is in the Oos- 
ptk, in the old hallowed traditions 
«* the Hebrews, and in the fulfilled 
erangencal counsels. Voluntary pov- 
erty is the safeguard of holy 
ahowa'ilc w< Aintary obedi- 

ence is Ibc a 

ary chastity is the 



den u obtains for others 

wedded love and a grave Christian 
home. The hostages of I 

are praying in the for the 

domestic hap; 

portion as the world scorns their sac- 
. so docs it loi t of their 

We have said that woman's work 
should be da lling, by 

hex capabilities. This is to say that 
more ways should be open to her 
than are open now to improve the 
talents God may have given her. 
In a pr ire she can, and 

does open these ways for hci I 

an energetic nature of course 
will, like water, sooner or later " find 
Still, m.iny who have 
ItaJ powers have little strcu 
in b fe, and might be 

helped if their luckier sisters would 
be a little lex En their e 

acquired security. Work means sclf- 
rcspci ■•, and I ans suc- 

cess. There is no one so proud as 
the woman who knows her own 
worth, and lifts In.: sell I owl- 

h above all sordid temptfe 
lions. She will be a good wife, for 
she will choose tut man (be a hus- 
band mv lofty principle of 

of her, ■ 
estimate of herself will anconaejo 
become his tJ 

d to herself and to him, and the 
slightest wrong a. ' dtry mo- 

ike. in the eyes of 
the other, the proportions of ■ Mat 
on their self esteem. She will be a 
good mother, fur her standard of su- 
periority will be the first her children 
will know, and with i; Q be 

inw]>arably blent with their personal 
tion for their mother. The 
i thus be created on a foot- 
ing that years will strengthen a* they 
, and the austere yet b 

f a Christian household will 



232 



Woman as a Bread-Winner. 




become a hereditary tradition with 

the 
basis of work is wanted— work of 
some son, voluntary occupation or 
necessary drudgery, it matters little. 
It i- , not the fact, of 

I this 
sense the rich and high-born may be 
as hard workers as the poor seam- 
strc ctory-girl. Yet, since 

this labor question touches the poor 
chietl fof them we would 

chiefly speak. Woman's work i- 
curoscribed by bet physical powers, 
man's is not Therefore, in all things 
that a woman can do as well as a 
man (and of course in all those w' 
she can do better), the preference 
should be given to her. There arc 

■ ;.- trades in which men cut I 
only a very useless but a most ridicu- 
l which the nttingness 
of tlr tan't 

proper field. Everything relating to 
feminine clothing comes under i 

woe this department 
wholly given over to women, it 
would at once relieve the poverty 
» of many homes, 
and . the public the absurd 

spcci i in 

handling delicate ribbons and filmy 
laces. Printing and kindred trr. 
have l>ecn found practicable for wo- 
uld we know that watchmak- 
:nd jenc are also ac- 

cessible to the ■ weaker ran 

as at present gone no further 
than this, that women are attoci 
with men in many empl 
Now, we could wish that there should 
be many trades of which they would 
have an iy. In 

this we think there would be no in- 
convenience; at any rale, no one 
could assert that t until the 

■ been given a fair trial. 
Soci. 
less diso; wdl 

\ery little hd BKO who are 



eager and wilting to help them 

but positively, despite the . ► 
ing of the cent . ing origina- 

ted " ". form," places barriers 

in their way. For what else is it but 
a bar- honest advancement! 

i respectable aud virtuosi 
woman of pleasing appearance got* 
to apply for some ■ 
offered by advertisement, she 
often, very often, insulted by d 

r very 
ptcssions of indignant surprise 
m as a part skilfully played 
her before the inevitable 

i repeatedly done, 
many cases succe 
lions had been taken beforehand 
cut off the victim's retreat ani 

; i others, when cow 
the tv. shrunk"! 

from the < of a 

virtuous woman at 1 
happily failed. The public papers 
>mctimcs — with their prover- 
, theat- 
rical raonni ;ng up an abuse 
they know it will pay Letter to speak 
of than to act against — la I. 
bond this outrage to civilization, and 
m the ag| 
: -iling the attempt' 
it how i re women, 
sensitive ai .h hor- 
ror from putting into print an cxpe» 
riencc they would gladly blot from 

.isicd, 
what remedy can be devised for 
Immediate reti. ips none 

but re of a 

formed habit of regarding women 
with at least the same rcspen 
men who cam t ly bread. 

FhyakaJ weakness will always be an 
utivc to wicked men to insult un- 
protected women — that is to say, the 
vices of fallen human nature wiU 
never be wholly blotted out : and in 
as in all others, the 
real rcnit Influence and 



as a Bi ner. 



233 



the church. Nowhere more 
tain in Italy — that maligned coun- 
try in which Protestants refuse to sec 
bwjtbv 

ighl nn I 

>m" — 

poor girl= :iiid affording 
tern temporary refuge while out of 
BBptarmc.-it. In i 
foremost Papal civ 

>l personal in- 

he Roman Indie* vied with 

ich other in enh le numbers 

its and adding to the 

' for its continuance. In 

iir of the 

Dope, who was con venti ither 

lo sil Uie dowerless, and ih 

protector of ii icd and tht 

y saints have 
■ode : 

11 1 
of life :ir 
-.vning token of 
lood — !>-. 

if a poor v 
uvc otherwise fail 

lousness of some profes- 

be deplored that the 
openings for female ei 

restricted, it i 
■are to be lamented that there arc 
inuafly employments in which female 
Itbor is most unwarrantably 
h mining districts, this is peculiarly 
e. There men and women 
wwk promiscuously, often with very 
; with still less 
*wse of decency . : 1 ty. Little 

prts are t. -.^ with no 

lawriedgc 1 

bfe moral agent*, and conscious only 
not quite so 
valuable be< ir rmr>c!i 

aot quite SO .s thwe ol 

Companion 

of raursl restraints, a: 
eeocies, combine to make of these 



:-.gs only lithe savages, 
less enduiing :ha:i the negro, 
clever than the Indian. For the 
wfaili ■ sense seems born 

to 1 .I when removed 

13 influences relapses 
into far more brutal savageness than 
others. Again, w lem 

through 
of the church ; for she who 1 

the nomad hordes of 
th Rod East, and 

the founders of 
empires, the lawgiver nm 

ind the discoverers of the 
New World, is still the onlj 
the dominant race which she Dl 

will ever .-.. iow- 

is hcen rent 
in twain, and the Chri 

rved of the bond that once knit 

1 in one vast confederation and 

I until this 

le bat been n :ism 

. it lost more than a thou 
years ago. The abuses an 
of female labor in mining districts 
are a btol p 

never had any existence before the 
recent disruption of Christendom ; 
wherever an abuse reared its serpent 

I, the church was there 

•. and exert 
fluei. 1 materia] force I 

idle to object thai not, as a 

objection might be urg the 

appai our 

Lord lmediate 

tangible reforms were concerned, but 
the essential fact stands, thai 
as the church's author ined 

undisputed there was at least in the 
i'lonctriti. bcingtheac- 

knowiedged visible 

nil brand il all 

encroachments on the rights of the 
defenceless, and wither the plans of 






234 



hraham "—" Abron "— " Auburn.' 



and cruelty against the poor. 
To those defended, this was a coo- 
solalion ; to those upbraided, it was 
at least a secret fa 

- said 30 much upon the 
question of woman's position as a 
bread-winner, wc can only cod by ac- 
knowledging that whatever 
done will have to be done in frag- 
ments, and under the auspices of 
private enterprise alone. Wc cannot 
expect that in the present 
of the world any but individual efforts 
|>C made for the advancement of 
weaker sex, nor con wc anticipate 
any but partial and isolated re 

C efforts will 

lack their reward, and we, who 

the eyes of the world are now 

in the dark, can be con 

with the knowledge that from these 



disjointed earthly efforts God 
; up a great spirit 
temple of rescued souls. It may \ 
1 succeed but 
part, but this is Uk fate of all 
crs at a perfect system, and need 
dismay us ia the least. Thcologii 
say that if the merits of our Lo 
Incarnation and 1'axsiun had rede 
ed but the single soul of his Hie 
Mother, still B« id-of 

WOOld not therefore have been 
the least supcrfluo u 

ay may we huinr. 
think of ourselves, that if each 
spent in the effort of bettering 
COadtl widening the intcllc 

ual botbOQ Of woman had no i 
save in the increased weifat 
individual, still the labor of such 
life would not have been in vain. 



"ABRAHAM "— - AKRON "— « AUBURN." 



A SHAKESPEARIAN BX' 
Mi*-;.—" Vnung AbnSam GtfU, he that ilmt >j lum." -Xitti **d W> B- •«• I 



bit very singul I 
fix (0 the ordinary ftppj the 

god of love suggest! difficulties of 
interpretation not easy of solution. It 
would appeal to be one of those I 
phrases i.umliar enough, we may 
presume, at • certain pexifl 

teadtly to be understood, the 
poet was unlikely to make use of it 
in such a connection. But the reason 
for its Sj d out of 

!. au-.l all the commcntatOH have 

i at a loss to discover its meaoi 

;cr, editor of a well-known 

edition of tiie poet's plays, disposes 

of the embarrassment in a manner 

Uy summary and, as it seems to 

•" Youe« Ad«i- &at4nt**tri 



ux, unsatisfactory. 

lion of Mr. Upton, am 
commentator, that the mi 
ham " should be •• Adam, 7 ' these 
ticsagTcc in coi pon Ci 

winch it is clear 
ther Shakespeare nor his early 
ore affixed to the name by « 

ally known. It is equally 
tain that no other wriU 

Ism " in 

a way. In this state of the case, we 
still left to seek tl i ,'Of 

the word " Abraham," «ed. 

In Older '* the whole merits 

of the question, I the 

note of Mi. Singer in reference ti 
and also that of ?>lr. V. '.rant 

ator ol an American edition 



'•— " Abron "—'• Auburn.' 



2J5 



Shakespeare. Mr. Sin get re- 

:Ue old copies read Ab> 
ipkL The altr nikm oscd 

I toa. it c\ udes 

famous archer, Adam Bell. So 

oots 

bolt but seldom, but, when Adam 
go, iic lua.' ' He shoots at thee, 
Adam Bell; and his arrows stick 
The ballad :o is 

Cophctua and the Beggar 
V or. as i: is called in torn • 

r and a 
It may be s>.- first 

of Percy's Rtli-jues of A- 
Toe following stanza Sh-ikc- 
ha.l 

■T»- '. '...:. Vhnr. thai tiotl: *i trim, 

■ 

-cf't Si*. 

:\\ it cannot be doubted 

lakespcare had in min.- 

bey that shoeti w trim, as set 

iu the i, nor 

the ex, trim " 

affording good reason for the 
that be had also i in 

,or that he bad any thought of 
ng the C 

ipid hiuiveir. 
uraption would be that how- 
trtm a bowman that M bcl 
" may have been, y 
■ 

. to admit 

any compliment 01 illustration dc- 

very best 

krrly ham' ever drew 

Pleats in us, to have 

idol by a merely superficial 
u»->£t into loo great 

n he 
luial 
.! the text for a reading 
jiform in "ail 



The note of Mr. V U fol- 

lows: 

: ■ Ubraham' in ■M 
cuneated Mr. Kn... 

But, as Mr. Dyce nys, there is not 

the ..change. 

The !. . a am • ■ soil «wu> conjec- 
tures that • Abraham ' in this line is a 
corruption of Atti ■■■ .t is un- 

questionably i /llowiug pas- 

sages which he quotes : 

1 1 11 ih» oldrat «osbc of Ptf*m. 

— SUImsn **JrWirJj, ijge* <»■ II, J. 

•AKOOdlle.lnnj;. thlcfcc Abnun culoroJ licit*. 1 

' I • 
And in OrwlanttS, a<:t ii. sc.iii. 

..nl.nr* «nrae btawne, 10 no 

I'lukr, *.|K .'. 

-.:ion is more than pi 

Mr. 
the efficient protection which 
it must give 10 the 

always n ' by the 

old pail aired."* 

But Mr. White, it will be observed, 
.ion as to the pasta 

These 
that " Abra- 
nd •■ Abnu 
I 

. 
90DS at and before the time of 
Shaki ■ i»'e 

whether it would be characteristic of 
.re to write M tamely as 
id"! 
In fact, the tt I 
hare had a pertinent, significant, and 
well uiulcrstood 
by his contemporaries. 

Mi. (Ought conceives the term 

Abraham to be thus appropriate*! 

tots and beggars called 

Who «ew too often 

. to be feared that 

• Wliilc'i Slaliifmri'i : sT>- 

t See uau t. u W " Abrah^m-mco," •» Kit 

i . Edition. «ft "■ *e. IU. 



*3<> 



Waham "— " Abron "—•' A 



he thus means us" to imply ihe pro- 
priety of the appellation in this 

opon the i hypothe- 

sis that i liroself the pi 

mplar of ilcrcivers in 
gcncraL Bui larar.ter- 

ue have always: underwood to 
belong tf> M m i ry. 

I i mated as a 

deceiver. Mercury was held by 

the Greeks the god of fraud Bad 

falsehood.* The sailors haven pi n 

of " shamming Abraham " when one 

i duty on pre* 

i-ess or for any other 

pre: i one seems to 

thought of the powblc ori 
of tliis proverbial I i-.jcd 

in reference to the beggars from 
evidently derived. 
It has 01 to us that. ■ 

than was the father of the faith- 
ful, that is. the pel eminent 
i r faith, his name may have been 
thus taken up, in a manner savoring 
more of wit than of reverence, in re- 
lation to peni posed to live 
lather by failh than i ■ . -in 

of . 
trust in whatever night turn 

• ::mc-> in ■ somewhat qu 
">lc shape, by i no work .-it 

all. bca sort 

of/v | !/». 

But howerer this may be, since all 
tlic old copies read Abra 
and since the alteration of the text 
commended by Mr. Singer and oth- 
ers cannot be jus) Bed upon any 
grou: i they offer, or in any 

other i :'•..■. \w must fin I fOUM 

di of explaining the phrase m i( 
6 Is, or remain la die dark m to 
iierprctation. Certainly the 
matter it not at all cleared up by un- 
authorized substitution. Against Mr. 
theory, on the other hand, 
militates the plain fact that, in every 
example cited, unless the one in con- 
troversy be taken as an exception, 



the word stands for a certain a 

and not as qua:: 

ractcristic, or implying any pel 

There is a < 
in the auburn hypothec 

. be admitted is hard to get 
Supposing the word had b. 
written as it is, nowhere but in 
two passages oi are, it mi| 

perhaps, so pais muster. 1 
not i "aurally be the 

have put such a corrupt for; 
word nuhim purposely into 

h of the worthy citizen 
olattus • and the terra 
such a eon misprint 

the course of time, might 
be considered not absolutely it)' 

nt with the character of Mi 

1 the I) 
But when we find the same 
used by two 

cspcare, both 
whom would be likely to know 
correct I :n to write ii 

•■ U ram" 
-ly a corrupt form < 

one of the e 
it <>( ura hi i serious passage 

mote 
Me that tl " Abraham 

as so 

and well-understood meaning, so 
it that period, 
■ 

that this term Abraham was 
phrase d come into common 

use i- actually implied by the corrc- 
in the preceding 
•.ery speech of Men 



' Speak U 
Oil BfefoiaM far her purhlto.! *on «rnt b> 
Young AiraAMM Cupid, ho slut sbol u> 



s 



Now, it is obvious that auburn, 
being a common . co 1 

Lite no i whereas 

Abraham, :is a nOUfl proper, and at 
the same time 

color, serves that purpose com;-' 
as, for example. Cktro, or Nasiea, 



rakam"— " Abron "—- Auburn." 






V« must own that a passa 
hop Hall's £**%* at first a 
lied os, »i 

MRirlJc* wVr-«c cntlcil ^ctk! 

utaUbod."* 

h npoo reflection it will be ; 
abron, at fu 
,.-h more like 
.r A bra fiam ot Ah 

car, therefore, to be, in 
t. a lr» corrupt form of that word 
Of the other t 

ran is itself both 
and sound much nearer 
to auburn, ami 
re, be oily a m iation 

D Of tllC Si 

ilological . we 

■vc we .-.:c able to throw 

mtheobw ', though 

explanai: a a 

really remote, ihi i 
eithclcss, good gri think- 

it i lory. AVe 

»pcn to luve in our possession a 
iy o in of the 

tin Dictionary published at Cam- 
dge, : ii h is 

dation of those dictionaries 

i language in con 
h have succeeded it. 'l"hc 
-usbted i 
kind or willow, com- 

died agnus r.istns, in Eog- 

i no less certain than 
ehr.choly to reflect upon that our 
their de- 
•mpened to su] 
KWks 

vrraij, and that their pc: 
rhaps comni 

_ or the finer filament of flax 
hemp, since th 

y cosily. We are confident 

• Stirt*, b. UL at j. 



iavc read of a' splendid and no 
doui< i the 

latter material coslinp 

.flax and hemp in- 
• ever botanic-ally 
. as those predec' 
ours were in the habit of doing, and 
as being, in fact, used for si m 

a flax or 
hemp plant, and a few oth 
there is trery Utile herbage 
sort 

To ;!•:• roarjer filament of 

i-ckled, is ttiD, we 
applied the name of tow. 
In cither case, the ml hen 

i to the nic a pew 
; -j, presents that » 

color so often 
and so enthusi I by 

Ksh poets in the aspect 
of " We <lo i 

and. 

been unable to tflcertfl 
rary, wliat was the peculiar rel.v 
of the "hemp-lree" to those other 
vegetable productions ; but infer I i 
the : there was a certain rc- 

teol i!ie tibre of the one to 

the others, and that probably to 
extent it was formerly used for ■ 
lar pur|>oses. At any rate, it is only 
with the name and the associations 
ills up that we have partin 
If the hemp-tree, Other* 

lied 
when manufactured an ariicle ma 
in color to tliat of the other veg« 
blc productions referred wffi- 

. i;:!.l (or thi 

Bosworth's Dutionary of the An- 
3ia& affords a atrik 
i of the general suLj 

• P«ni«iii7 uticlf k ta tiw pt«*». 

To*- 1 - w 

■••«• thU lif ilivrilmwif ol t\i rbli- 
1I11 the yf tr i:-.m »i «c»tinK "•atnonaoui lull 
bottom • 



=38 



' Abraham "—" Abron "—" Auburn." 



says that "flax signified, in 
eaillcr limes, also /•"<> 
of Iiairy thread In Au<:ti.r the l!:ix 
IT, h.iir. The Danish 
." He adds: 
e OM Englbh fax-down, 
. is anotli \ in 

ief ages was used to designate 
hair." 

he metaphorical use of the 
t are full of pregnant 
examples, for instance : 

«xcq kairc. im*aiinit »U btholJcri, 
Sht acil t«tiuiu - .j «nc ihoul lei ilioul- 
dtfl 

"All linn wulil* paO." t 

" A4cmn the i f»ir 

III cup t-^zictx towoi lict llxien hill ; 
A ad web • (oMra comb, in miUlilw giicc. 
She uugkt cacti lock IM uiuii lignnliM 

If to these examples we add the fol- 
lowing pass- i»ll perceive 
that the hue m question enjoyed a 
id favor : 

■ I j tour eoli !y Uic four 

virtues; the /a xey, having a white- 
ness, appertains to ten 
cause it nuk< dam 

animam.") 

And as this is a hue which fre- 
quently distinguishes the heads of 
youngsters, a large proportion of 
whom, ;-• 
know as whUt 

[hod xs ■■• :i the l/ni 

States even as t twhtBJt, we are 

strongly inclined to believe 
color and the term ■• ' " or 

mih" to be thus derived froi i 
sociation, and lied to the 

boy I te ncaA Abraham, in this 

connection, having come to express, to 
a certain extent, the tow, or the color 
of the tow, of htmp, or flax, or equal- 
ly of the finer part which 



I BrirhS P*uttr*ii, b I. «. r. 
■C v. 
iwio. Af^UcKfi XktJlm*. TtlO ArgODMJ- 

II. Sandys' 1 ? it. 



after the tow is combci! 

the rant 

Shakespeare's day, meant ; 
the same as Jhxtn, with, pcrhap 
slightly humorous allusion. And 

'•c, we must ; 
a en:--,:.' to the : 
White, that, :! ..vays : 

presented by the old painters as 
burn-haired," then they have so 
pictured him with) cnt 

y ; indeed, i.i ... I CtlOQ 
the best authorities ; for the 
evidence on this point will show 

which Uy known by the : 

of " flaxi: is rea 

a dun color, or " reddish bro» 
whereas Cupid 

as we now say, blonde. For 
stance : 

" The god of love was usually 
presented as a plat 
rosyandrukcd.lv: tair fl< 

ing on his shoulders." • 

" Bros is usually represented 
rogui-.h boy, plump-elm 
Iced, 

."t 

We cannot but think, then 
thai this manifest - n of hue 

of the theory that 
" abron " >r any m • 

of att 
and adopted by Mr. White. 

It appears, by the bye, that this 
same agmu casfut, or hei 
which has given occasio: e re- 

marks, wa 

riod to possess some peculiar virtues, 
ted its other appellation 
of "The Chaste Tree"; and to this 
circumstai owing, doubt] 

i traduction by the 
riptions of various ceremon 
, Chaucer baa three several re- 
ferences to it in his "Flourc and 

• .Million'* ' . ■Irnary. 

t KeigUllcT'» Ujtktlt) 



•' Abraham "—" Abron "—" Aubnrr.: 






ifc," ami very noticeably, as fol- 
*: 



=»« •w'tnrzr. a=d toot full pic ■ 

hiod ; anil. sadly, 
. aj ran alio 



Sen, also, modermring this 
k parage of the old 

Of toirr! •'mt nf waodb'wc nianr mora. 
«rc»ih\o! .ifn.i ..«jf»« maay bow." 



I ought to be suggested that t!ic 
em est herein made aa to the 

igs of flax 
tow. in .- 

•ly a mat- 
of inference, and partly due to 
^ae recollections of youl 
o which we have nnt thou 
octh while tu nong the. 

writers of tin.- last ccn- 
Tncir famous heroes un- 
it* more or ! 
Abraham-men" and per- 
of that desoiption ; and it 
be confessed that the impi 

■ •■-wigs'" worn, for par- 
* of disguise or with whatever 
jeet, by the highwaymen, sturdy 
-gars, and other worthies intr< 

lOOgst the 
•oogeit left on those 

1MB Of th« 

The inference which we have ven- 
ted upon » that, since wigs were 
tides of supposed necessity, and 
truinW have been used from early 
*o; and since those manii 
•red of hair must hare been n 
hie costly in former days than at 
pewit, abilities arc 

nt description 
i le, more or less 

Hraonly, out of that 
B»,we affords the founda- 

■nof those inp irks of art, 

c color and beauty of which fur- 
. the docU with;' > and 

Cloo of bright and flowing 



We are not without testimony on 
this point, however, and that, too, of 
no less authority than Walter 9i 
which is literally to the point: 
. Peter wear* 
[•coat, tfareadoare and 
His hair, half giay half black, en 
sd in elf-locks around a huge wig 
made of tow, as it seemed to mo."* 

the Spectator, as qtl iohnson : 

WBgM » f>i!' lutaka| ■■ 

It is true. Dr. Johnson cites 

npla in his Duticmiry .19 only 
meaning something " fair, long, and 
:ng, as if rntdi ■ ' we 

are G thinking the qualifica- 

tion of his definition inevitably i 
. any more than in some MOW 
known instances. The great 
lexicographer imagines a wig of hair 
as presenting the appearance of one 
made of Box; but we-*ee no n. 
the excellent 

II literally aeco 
his expression ; nor why he may not 
appeared upon the oo 
!i lie refers in : of 

flax, especially Mm 

re was comriH . 
nade to bear so close a rcsem- 
Etce to hair, probably k> 
tor, and was of much less cost. We 
a still more decisive example in 
the nits 

of any other than the most literal in- 
terpretation : 

:•-• greatest beau at our next 
county sessions was dressed in a 
roost monstroi»s flaxen periwig that 
was made in King William's rcig . 

The following example is equally 
pertinent: 

- A lair, tlaxcn, full-bottomed peri- 
wig."! 

• KrJfmmMlltt. i.. pp. atv. aao. TtobBM * 

! Now* to PmmthU, b. i •. aSo. irttiaa 
I'iMU. Link & Urown'iad. 




-> 4 o 



rakam "— •• Abron "— '• Aubm 



In this instance, the word " fair ■ 
would seem clearly to apply to the 
color, and •• rl.ixcn " to the material, 
fur otherwise the use <>( both expres- 
sions would be tautological. 

Indeed, we have not left this mat- 
ter to coi .cc mere- 
ly ; for wc took occasion to inquire 
upon this top i years ago,of 
Icbratcd hair-dresser ; and, 

bet, (bete notes have been kept 

hand fur a period 

longer than the nine years prescribed 

by Horace for the due refinement 

nortal verse. 

ton, informed us that he had been 
called upon to manufacture actual 
wigs of the filament of 1 he 

remembered one particular occa 
when an article of special beauty 
required for the u»c of a popular 
actress, who was to perform in ■ 
play which he, thought was cal 
"The fair to i the golden 

locks."* Thus wc trace tin 
to the stage itself, and tho 
pro!. .. COnStTU the 

material in question , 

likely to have ori- 
ited at a | i rliei than the 

of Shakespeare than at a later 
date. Of course, if M. Chanter had 
lived to our day, he would have 
found pic nstruct- 

■ : i of va- 
rious vegetable material with which 
■ sec tit to load their heads 
—"some browne, some blacke, some 
Abratn 

n, cx- 

• " ii on Goldi 

"*»• Chill .m- in 

- la Taack«my"l Cj/itrin,. ilrruli- aoi 
»*h*ract»rann«ri Willi'** UtUaihabbi boarar 

esrtfi Sill] further 

IllllCd » lar. . ortagav. 

•ccntcil iiyiirrii.i Indeed, we 

h»ve rc»»-.n to belie vi- IBM iln- ladges mid Ihc 
bairn Kori- luctuied out 

at t:ie U-lor • nVlc- 



planatory, we hope, 
ezpresaion, Ahrahai 
dern eyes and ears, we have just 
.•\ singularly apt Bit 
young lady ot our family 
ceived last ..;s, as a present 

doll with a remarkable head of 
It was long, fine, profuse, admit 
curls of that brilitan 

olor, the lightest possible sha 
of hi letimes but rarely : 

in its perfection on the heads 
young persons, and of the hue wl 
might well be i .is a pecu 

uitabic attribute of the god 
love. An examination of this attra 

: scat of whan 
intellect a doll might be supposed i 
possess showed at once, th.it it 

illy manufactured, doul 
accomplished J i .titans, of 
filament of flax* 

From tii 
propositions seem to be fairly de 
cable : 

i. That, in the time of Shi 
spcarc, the woi 

(I M a cant term 
pressure of a certain color. 
2. Th.it. since the name " Abr 

shrill ... otherwise called the 

hemp tree, the color in question was 
ibly that of dressed hemp or 
flax, which nearly resembled e 
r in hue; the word tow b. 
led to the coarse : of 

both. 

" Bo* I through 

the whole i Kngltsh poetry, 

. fact, that light and fair, Dial 
blon igncd to 

Cupid. 
4. That "Young Abraham Cup 



* To show, by a further imuao*. the aaaplojr- 

tbui biir lor iho mtau- 

!'.intioa*e>a« lima »*.>. TtiKkctay, 

H 

ol b London "co»chia»n la ■ tight liti-Jtma 

wlf." 



Fontamebkau. 



therefore, mr mg else than 

jLixer.kj. •./ Cupid. 

In regard to the tenu " Abraham's 
brim," as applied to the hciup-trce, 
•v. beg hravc to suggesl 
appellation may have Iwen bestowed 
go such a tree, as intimating a nam- 
.-ipropriate cute for such in- 
Irrnina as resulted in mistakes about 
property, to which we may suppose 
, ham-men and their associates 



were only too subject. The figure 
be thought similar to that high- 
ly metaphorical expression conveyed 
by the passage : 

•' Yc »hi.n biro » b«:nprn eiudle, then." • 

As to "AbraJi a rope 

may, in E ight, in 

extreme, cases, a "balm tot hutt 
minds." 

• j Ihnry VI., It. I. 



BLEAU. 



It Bed with its forty 

s of forest, or gathering 

of many palaces rather than a united 

perhaps a 
rT and more 

i any nf its htstoi ;eers. 

Poet, philosopher, and historian alike 
inexhaustible food for meditation 
before the grand, irregular pile that 
rises up l>efofc us with its tower 
gable* i ' the sky — the 

TOO'-' :e epic ever written in 

stoue. But prior 10 I 

i Jt we behold to-day, an idyl 

ns acTos 
:iit ti-ir c! :irne, the record of an 
past. s rgin forest 

where the chant of prayer and peni- 
tence tr.i voicing of the 
primeval 4 oaks, and : 
mores, and •-. ;>ire-bkc pop- 
lars, ranged in many-octaved lyres 
winds to strike with strong 
raeiodk finger ; and human souls set 
up igh places, higher than 

tree* or earth-built towi 
harj.i wooing the touch divine of the 
Master's ban> i. joining in the e< : 
soag of seraph praise; souls these 
«rho ha. ide crowns of gold, 

vol xni. — 16 



ami tbelr p'.irplc garments 

under foot, to choose the crown of 
thorns and the scant robe of poverty — 
love driven to the strange madness, 
others there are who 
sing the deep plain-song of humility 
and forgiven sin; while some, whose 
sno". j-.v the dark shadow 

sin has never crossed, carol forth 
inaocenl joy with the matins of the 

lark the liymu of dc: the 

psalm of praise and worship, "' inter- 
cession and thanksgiving — 

the concert of celestial harmony I 

oca to us from the long-.. 

id I'M i iresl M 
will follow: we shall see a busy stir 

of multitudinous life alteniatin:< with 
the chill silence of the i ices 

and prelates hurrying to and fro, 
noble matrons, ami Brail WOTU 

th in many for. 
terrible, serene and u. 
and repassing the gates . all 

hear the woods reverberating to other 
sounds than those of prayer — to the 
clanging of civil Strife, to the voice 
of laughter and of teats. 

Distinct amidst all the e 
memories of Fontainebleau stand 
out the figures of S. Louis and his 



**a 



FcmtaincbUau. 



mother, Blanche of Caitille. There 
are many versions as to the origin 
of the pUee ; the most popular one 
records that S. Louis, being out hunt- 
ing one day, lost a favorite hound 
called llleau, and, after scouring the 
It in search of the truant, found 
quietly drinking at a 
foui : 10 enchanted with 

the beauty of thtr surrounding scene 
that he determined to build a hunting- 
lodge on the spot; he did so, and, in 
memory of the incident, it was namct I 
Bleu. But this pretty 
legend is rejected 1 > . .:il-»lc 

historians, who have searched out 
traces of a much cubes origin for 
Fontaincblcau. There seems sulticient 
evidence of ib been used 

a to) d 1 lenct by Hugh Cat 
and frequented a- ■ favorite rendez- 
vous for the hunt by all the earlier 
kings of France. The existence I 
the famous monastery of S. Germain 
I'Auxctre, at the western extremity 
ed as a proof, 
io those 
inhabited by royal 
.ins, for monasteries sprang of 
necessity where kings lived; and 
there is no doubt thai th por- 

tion of the abbe) lands were grants 
i King Robert. Blanche of 
CastOIe retired 1 of 

some son al I on iring 

Iict I • at war 

with '■ '■ ur the Albigenses; she 

foun hborhood the 

Abbaye do Lya, t on 

munificently - by hex son, 

en went the length 
nj> tn i: some acres 01 
dso we] I I: 
her! it portion of bis 1 hfld- 

hood was passed I nda the sha- 
dow of die old woods, »r pacing the 
.■rs of the abbey, his 
Lhei instilled into li nose 

first feat and love trj 

which his life was so faithfully mo- 



delled. " My son, I love thec dc 
but, so help me God, I would rai 

■I my feet ill 
thee live to sadly thy soul 
mortal a r. ' I ruly, a val. 
of the Muchabean mould — a w 
of strong faith, wonhy to be 
mother of a Christian king. 

When the child has gro 
hood, we see hirastiU at 
blcau, holding hi* court uf ju 
under the broad shade of a gi 
oak, he seated on the gnarled tn 
while his people gathered r 
a youi. sg the 

pules Of his tribe, dealing out 
law ; justice and mercy being 

d judge, and jury, and 
king's wo: me. Sol 

are tee bin dashing through 

glade, followed by his courtiers, w! 

the merry hunting-horn 

wild birds from ; 

es the : r ; but 

frequently we see tg si 

meditating on tbe frail tenure 

car:': 1 d pride, or surrow 

by the wise and learned men, 

noble to be called coin 

society he enjoyed better than t 

.nhs of bis own age. 
preserved through .--for 

monastic ofhV be had joi 

in 1 1. ..ill Blanche de CaBi 

be o 
spare a few da) 

his kin would spend them 

in the pi rtitude of the 

at all the offices with ts, and 

helping them in l 

teachii 11 1 young cour- 

tiers n 

pastirn but Louis only 

laughed, and said: "Let them 
! .i:.i. these you : trans 

not offend. 
I spent my time in hunts, and tourna- 
ments, ami they won 

me. Letth .-yGod 



Fontt 



axntoieau. 



1 1 may never give them cause to 
■jeep!" Once S. Loan fell ill at 
Fooumeblcau, and ..red 

ailed his 
k son Co him, and gave him some 
king advice concerning his con- 
ami private life ; then suddenly 
chingtn.r to one of great im- 

" 1 pray 
t son, make thyself loved of 
■ people ! for verily I had rather a 
■ une from I to 

the kingdom well and li 
I it sliould Lie unfairly or un- 
kinc ted by thei 

who was the close com- 
panion ci is through the most 

wonbt wherewith : requatcly 

tfee character and the king. 

■rented himself alone 
■ joy or 
wrath." says this trustworthy chroni* 
efcr : he honor 

««/ God, or .in ess of his 

people, Louis knew no fear, and 
brooked no delay, nor could any 
earthly consideration hinder him in 
ti»e discharge Yet i 

: er severely for 
hav: rtaken the second ' 

-, which he condemns as a great 
itary and political mistake. 
-urcccdcd, lion >iuM 

c become 

iave been planted 
tm the pyran is was wha 

i to beyond the con- 

ntofjenu earn 

■inville would 

!ofa trick 

in this fal 
I at Fern- 

Hrkleau for the celebration of 
It was enstomar) 

. with 



at Midnight Mass on Christmas 

s. Louis bad a peal mi 
■ado, and gave orders that a cross 
should be embroidered in dark 
on the ■■■'■ A' each, and that 

should be distributed at the last 
moment in a (fin d anon* 

itj this was done, according to 
s comnun 

ivries, and it 
was only when they entered the bril- 

iy tUumreated .hat the 

wearers beheld the symbol on each 
other's backs. They were at fust 
astonished and 
ville, bat when the kin;: <■. 

: with the cross on his own 
shoe the i mi ifis in his hand, 

and asked if they would tear theirs 
OtT, . forth alone tO 

1 1 c-ly Land, a tlirill of c hiv. . 

ibly, and 

all II U one voice: ' 

follow you! We will keep 

: " And I 

idle dc (' hose reli- 

gion ntly <>r wrong* 

|y credited with the responoil 

this ill-fated cntei; I the re- 

y during he: ace, and 

red by her oooi -.ing 

the dangers and d the 

rge, and by her wild 
COUfl 

sive days a wise and virtu 

man mole D 

:v t-.sk Ol 
mciit. Shot] I of Iter time 

in ; .rative retirement of 

Fontaineble.n: 
came of the d 

soorah, where the Christian aj 
was cut to pieces, and the 1 
bis in ' st i 

she left it, and hastened totbecaj i 
ia order to work mot i 

irave 

DS in arms. It was a tcr- 

ribi, a mother. The queen 

knew that those who hail taken her 



aon captive had no power over his 
sou it Louis was more 

. ling in i i he 

had even been at the head of his 
armies; that adversity would teach 
hin- _-uagc unbecoming a 

hat neither threats 

nor torture wouhl wrench from him 

any compromise unworthy m in. 

honor ; and that captivity, nay, death, 

o august 

IC could have wish- 
ed him ; but she was a human mo- 
ther withal, and in this hour of trial 
bet motherhood vindicated itself re- 

e labored day and 
night to raise a ransom that might 
tempi the Turk to give Up his prize. 
She heard •.!■ i land A^- 

santi • would be accepted for the 

. and this sum 
great di: id sent to 

Bul v. . heard it, 

L-nt word to the sultan that " 
King of France uas not to be ran- 
somed with gold or silver; that 
would give the town of Damietta fbi 

wd person, and eight thousand 
bestxnts for his arm. nffer was 

• ted with 
subjected to st.ll greater cruelties and 
humiliations ; but 

loisra of his 
he sultan gave way ; the re- 
gal fortitude in which suffering had 
clothed their captive had subdued 
cren his jailers into wondering ad- 
rnrration, and they set . de- 

ig 1I1.it •' this king was the proud- 
est Christian that the East had ever 
No SOOnet was be at lilierty, 
than, instead of hastening away (i 
the scenes of his misery and misfor- 
tune Mtt to work to spread 
the Gospel far and lie ; 
but Blanche had earned a right to 
clasp him to her heart after those 

6 years of separation. She felt, 

•A Mm rttinitiot U abuui utin million 
fmnti of nKxlna noncr. 



too, that thedays were growing short ; 
so she wrote, entreating him to come 
home. S. Louis was: ic ram- 

parts of Sidon when th 

d htm; he in 
pared to obey it ; but, before he had 
ion, the mother who, next to 
God, had been the supreme love of 
his life had Uii: to a 

bcitcr world. She died £• 
blcau. •* He made great moo 
thereat," nays Sire dc 
" that for two (1 could 

be gotten of him. After that he sent 
a chamber-man to fetch i 
I came before him in his chamber, 
where he was alone, he stretched 
forth i) to me, *0 

seneschal ! I have lost my mother. 
My God, thou knowest that I loved 
this m Her than all other 

hot thy will be done. 
Blessed be thy name!'" Ph 

pas bom at Fontainebleau. 
-ions as to 

ice of l'i< 
generally supposed to have taken 
place at Fontainebleau, in the 
room where he 
was a current belief at the time, and 

i through ma; 
CCeding genera: death 

was the result of a sumn 
against him by the grand mas 
the templai de Mo'. 

hundred and thi 

•-t the stake during 1 
reign, and these autesdj-ft were 
. of the grand master, 
who was burnt alive in thegai 
of his own palace. As the flames 
roscr.;; lakcd body, the tem- 

plar lifted up his voice, and, 

g of the vast multitude of spec- 
tators, solemnly summoned Philip 
"to meet him at lh< t-scal 

months from that day." The 
of the king precisely four 
months from the day of De V 
execution gave a sanction to the 



FimtatNfbliau. 




credulity of the people, and the lc- 

.] occur- 

I1»e fact of the summons is 

difficulty 

w adm 

l!ir : LUlSt 

•fcoaj it was scut forth. There was 
■ prevailing bcliei ing roan 

hid (he power to issue the formida- 
ble command, and that obedi 
was cumpids.. iiosc pas- 

sion for gold had led him to cc-nfis- 
surcs of the templars, 
and then to calumniate and perse- 
cole thcin in order to justify his own 
•vas haunted by the 
■ 

all the arts of 

noi '. him tu the 

_• of death. Feeling that his 

• ere m i ic begged to 

Ponuincb 

.ildhood. On arriving 
i his 
i<k, and took a sorrowful farewell 
of tbctn. entered the cl 

Ucr wiierc the kinj was," says Gode- 
bowl ile ; rid where there 

*tty liule light. They asked 
ho» : • III in 

■ 
to :. ils on so 

■ul I shall never be 

■ i M die to- 
ne vous hurt from 
iich pursue me." " And 
1 (1314). 

blcau \cry faithfully. 

ktflf* 

We only find it mentioned 
1 as a meeting-place for 
of royal sportsmen. 

red it often 

Urged a 

p *".->-■ 1 of the : Hut the 

rmuaatic history of I leau 



245 



date* from Francis L He was to it 
what Louts XIV. was ti> Versailles. 
It is custom 

crs of those two brilliant 
tives of French monarchy to set 
them side 1 upare their 

characters and 

no doubt there arc points of resem- 
blance between them, but it ii 
cult to pursue the comparison much 
below tl 

•rtainly has the best of it, 
as .1 man, Francis seems to hsH 
all the vices without many of his 
successor'-- . tlKS. I.ouis 

was dbsipated) but he put ;< 
to his disaij "ii. in knew 

none; he ex. my by 

his wanton prOdi 1 the army 

; he burnt 
I. a Province, he broke his plighted 
word to Charles V., and yet we hear 

lie."* 
I i lory passe • rertfictl 

.iic-'-, Imt Mr.,; 

Credulity with which posterity 
endocw and clings to them in 

spite of the light that by degrees 
pierces through show- 

ing up the idol or the monster, 
■tripped kfl and draper] 

exposed in its 1 . or clothed 

with its own deeds, tl u make like 
irracnt it has a tight to 

have been 

an honest one; bat 
. on with 1 dogged te 
: pint; an 
rather than forsake an old I 

in old antipathy. There 
arc few personages in history who 
have usurped tii:. kind of •■•. 
and held it more successful!' 

a not. 
however, the appro; 
chaUei the up- 







7*6 



Fonttuntbliau. 



plsuse of posterity; here he b on his 

van: :d; wc sec him at his 

best, all if not obliterated, 

mellowed in the blaxe of borrowed 
ry that encircles hrm; here he is 
the graceful knight-errant, the mag- 
nificent patron of an, and sciei 
and learning, surrounded by men 
genius, whom lie treats as equals and 
as friends; we forget his profligate 
follies, his reckless waste of the k 
dom's money antl the k 
blood, when we see him petting l.cO- 
nar<!o <!:i Vinci, doing the behests 
and honoring the crotchets of the 
cantankerous old genius so tenderly, 
and bearing nil unreasonable Jed* 
;. | 'r. inches like I chid- 
den child, ll would go hard with 
us to be severe on so lovable a scape- 
grace, even if he were not the King 
of France. Fl ugh: never to 

fore us except in the m 
of his beloved artists. There hi 
perfect To Leon .mor 

a especially touching. When the 
proud old man, still in the zenith of 
. but stung by the cold; 

;htened by the ris- 

jlory of Michael AngeUftmm, 
turned sulkily away from his native 
land, i ted him to Foil' 

raineblean, received him with open 
arms, ami treated linn like a prim c 
as he was of the true rigki ./. 
creation, and laid himself out to 
console him and brighten the eve- 
ning of his days. The exile 
quern «ri {□•health) as mil 

oared bj eol md 

the ingratitude of the Medicij bat 
Francis bore with his temper and his 
lamentations with the sweetness of a 

r grace- 
fuhv sympathy could de 

10 cheer the old man's spirit and 
heal his aching pride that the king 
had not recourse to ; he would have 
kept him at i near his 

person, but Leonardo, who was 



so fond of solitude and medic 
that he never married, " because ! 
clatter of a wife's tongue w< 
have disturbed his thou; 
not bear the gay bustle of 
court, and said he must go 
where to be quiet; so Francis 
him a splendid suite of apartments i 
the Chateau de Clou 
He spent the remaining four years* 
his life there, painting his celeb 
Mona Lissa, the most exquisitely I 
ished perhaps o( all h:s woiks, and i 
writing his treat - J'Ulura, 

book of great originality and learn- 
ing, written, like all Da 
books, after the manner of the F.ast- 
em manuscripts, from right to left — a 
singularity which he adopted, 
said, to toil the i of those 

around i :her 

artists from discovering his secrets. 
I twelve thousand In 
Vlona Lissa — an unprecedented 
lor a work of art in those days. 
When Leonardo was thought to be 
near his end, Francis had him con- 
veyed to Fontaincbleau that he 
might watch over him him 
be with him at ti 

( >u the Hit his death, when 

the king to the room, the 

dying man tried to raise himself on 
bu c >ui b to well :, but the 

rt was loo much ; he sank 
» ltd, and would have fallen but I 
the timely arms that rescued 
Francis laid the venerable old h« 
his breast, an 

Leonardo breathed his list 

1 he artist had been pursued for 
months before his death by a morbid 
terror of being buried alive, ami had 
implored Francis to let him be kept 
three days before the coffin was 
■ 1. The king com] i the 

wish, and caused his friend to be 
exposed with royal honors, and the 
body laid for three days, lie 

was buried in the Church of S. Flo- 



FontamebUau. 



fsjstja, near his own abode at Am- 
bbe. 
Benreouto Cellini is another shin- 
MK in the pedestal of 1 
[>»contented with the recogri 

ih at home, he 
W> was enticed from the blue skies 
Florence to the colder but more 
genial atmosphere of Fontainebleau. 
tad in petted by the graceful king 
wlv in a less degree than Da Vinci 
Bos Benvenutn, who knew so many 
tking*, who excelled almost equally 
as a poet, a sculptor, and a painter, 
i ^norant in the art 
The Diichcsse 
was queen of the gay 
palace of Arruida, and all the great 
■en that f/e. : bowed before 

brr; bat this bold Florentine, who 
had adaih of the brigand in his com- 
position. : le might dispense 
with her patronage, and refused to 
do homage at Ihi n shrine; 
be knew that he had had the bad 
lack to displease the haughty fair 
owe ced manners from 
the 6r»i, and, of trying to 
conciliate, he determined to con- 
quer • • besa was a 
liberal and enlightened patroness 
of art. and seems to have merited 

irne degree by her per 
cam title 

bestowed on her by one of her pre- 
beautiful of 
and the most learned of 
beHes." Her sway over Francis 
■:refore. on something strong- 
er than the epbemei icre 
beautr; but, een othcrwi 

icre for Beuvrnuto 

if the king? 

, braved her so far 

the king direct, without 

•r intervention, 

*cr an ool' i a brotuc statue 

!»•- and Fr.il 

pvehhn the order, with can, 



for the execution. The statue was 
finished, and a day appointed for the 
king to we it This was a precious 
opportunity for a woman's ven- 
geance; the dttciu tint the 
triumph of the artist depended alto- 
gether on the first impression | 
duccd on tiie king, and that the 
triumph of the work depended main- 
ly on the light in which it was seen : 
Cellini had named an hour i 
sun would pour in soft, full floods of 
I down the gallery ; and, long be- 
!•.• ap pointed time, he was there, 
watching every changing shadow 
that it cast upon his statue, 
the minutes impatiently. 
fricii 11 the court flocked ;: 
aswti at the king's entrance, and wit- 
ness the triumph • tion 
of the sculptor. But tl-.i ed, 
ami another, and another, ai 
was no sign of Francis ; the sun was 
gathering up fa light, in speeding 
away to the I the brown 

twih reepiog ini 

Benvennto grew d beo out- 

1 down 
before his Jupiter like a man gone 
Where was the king? Would 
no one take pity on him to 
and till tiie king? Hut Bcn- 
venuto knew lull well that i; 
in that courtly crowd would be guilty 
of so rash an act. Not even be I 
self would dare to He knew 

whom; fault it was that the king ' 
not furthcoming, and he his 

teeth in savage but impotent rage. 
But genu hecy, has a ready 

handmaid in ii ■ " Let 

the curtains, and bring lights," cried 
the B sudden bound 

from iic-- kimpb, ] 

H of the " ItlU saijnle" groan- 
ed, and MOOd still ; the friends 

w to obey his orders. It 

tered not that they did not un- 
ind ; the master did. 1 n 
time than it takes to tell, the gallery 



248 



Fontaineblcau. 






was illuminated from end to end ; 
lamps, torches, waxlights, even- lumi- 
nary that hands could cany, was put 
in i one out 

magi terrible, and dazzling in 

the blaze of an impromptu ilJun 
tion more weirdly effective than the 
test daylight could have been. 
it's spirit rose to frenzy. He 
ran hither and thither, arranging the 
lights with a view to more striking 
effect; clustering many flames in a 
group at one point, leaving asofhtt 

■rtial shade ; clapping his hands 
ia wild delight one minute, impatient- 
ly knocking down one of his help- 
mates the next. It was finished. The 
, was heard approaching. Cellini, 

an imperious gesture, comrnaud- 
ed silence ; the doors of the gallery 
were thrown open, and the colossal 

m god Bashed out in ail his dark 
effulgence on the astonished tad 

ted gaze of the monarch. The 
Of the hour was COI 

it cost the sculptor dear. 

duchess gave Francis no peace till 

he i; with her enemy, and 

rom the court 

Many Italian Uttttl bid followed 

Leonardo da Vinci to France, some 

of love far the great mai 

Eta tempted by the generos- 
ity which the King of France showed 
uuiv their class. The i! 

distinguished Of these disciples of 

Leonardo i>.is Andrea del Sartoy 
Hut he was of too restless a disposi- 
tion to settle anywhere permanenty ; 
camp, court, and studio tried 

him after a time; his wings were too 
buoyaut to remain long folded even 
in the enchanted clime of Fontaine- 
blcau; he was not mere than a year 
I it was a BO- 
ity Of lite fox bin) to return to 

Florence! the ostensible motive b 

■ wife. Francis proposed to 

bar, promising that she 

should be made welcome to his 



court as an honored guest ; but 
drca said this would not do : he urn 
go himself and fetch fa 
king .could obtain was a promise | 
he would return to Frame ia a ye 
and, to make the p re I 

ingi he entrusted him with a cc 

table sum of i ' be 

pended, according 
ami judgment, on objects of art 
the decoration of the palace. Bti 
when Andrea found himself or 
more in Florence, in the company i 
his wife and his former boon 

OS, he fofgot all about 
sion, and spent the king's money i 
merry-making ; he did not dare six 
himself at FonUinebleau after 
but frittered away the rest of his 
in his native city, where he event 
ally died in poverty aod content 
It would take too li lumei 

the various Eii' tlebriliee wfl 

fill up the brilliant picture present 
by Francis court at tins period; but 

we cannot refuse a pas 
to Serlio, the accomplished Uologncse 
architect, whom the king lured away 
from his gold and his hon- 

eyed flattery. Serlio rebuilt the pal- 
ace almost entirely ; his genius was 
allowed full scope, ami the result 
justified the confidence of hi 

I it- area of the old o^iiisr 

much too small for the magnificent 
plan, Francis bought in the 
M.uliiiiin Convent and the noble 
grout b i Duis I v had 

endowed it, and added them to the 

The design of 
libra i en sketched byS. L 

and this Serlio adhered to slrii 
making no change Of his own. 

\\ hen the edifice va i. Fn 

cis swept Italy and Spain for ar 
to adorn and beautify it. Ro 
ie to paint the ■■■ x.o, and 

his r the grand gallery, 

ii was to be called the (iallcty 

of Francis I., carried the prize over 



Fran- 
utiata 

Kosso 



z9 bis competitors; he embellished 

II i . friezes of great 

faeunr, and rich stucco- work. So 

delighted was the king with the re- 

i addi- 
texi to other favors, he created him 
a canon i apclic. 

t.-s wonderful gallery hi 

rq.; : re- 

ic ini in the life of 

the famous i*v/<" dtt 
decorated by the same gifted 
It is lamentable to think 
these glorious works of art, 
ikhfoi »'s principal claim 

•» the admiration of the world, were 
sacrificed t dietivc jealousy 

Uegrini had 
the early friend of Rosso; hut, 
ben they met a* fellow-laborers at 
FootaifH ndship turned 

to a rivalry which soon developed 
unit] and ended in the 
tragic death of Rosso. Primaticcio, 
:'<dlcgrini is usually called, wasac- 
case licit a 

brj; uoney from him ; he 

pot U» the torture, but tcqo 
umphandy. Rosso was then seised 
wkl. : haunted 

ta imagination by the shrieks of the 
innocent man, the friend of his youth, 
.u he h.- ' up to the 

B, his wind gave way, anil in a fit 
■ok poison, v. 
kit. a few hours. Some 

say that Rosso knew that the accusa- 
tion was Cilv he bm-.i 
designedly against Primaticcio, hop- 
ing to get rid of him ; but his i 

on discovering his mistake, 
is re- 
raccsc. 

•e of this opinion. Primatic- 
Ojb, moreover, by his sub- 
oaadu. 

laving done him 
prat a wrong ii him ca- 




Fontainrbltau. 



liable of the theft, for he imbtushi 
ly stole from Rosso what was incom- 

iily more precious to him than 
-his fame. No sooner was he 
master of the field, than ibout 

to destroy all traces of Rosso's lieau- 
tiful compositions, pulling down the 
walls which they adorned, under pre- 
tence of enlarging the »i>:u:e. Some 
few thai m spared by the relent- 
less destroyer have been obliterated 
by damp and the effects of time. 
There is one line | a to 

be seen in the Louvre — " Mary re- 
ig the homage of S. Elizabeth." 
The fetes given at Fontaineblcau 
by Francis 1., though perhaps in- 
ferior in splendor to ilwic of 
Louis XIV. at Versailles, surpassed 
them in picturesque ctegaiu 
were rather the ideal festivities of an 

'. than the gorgeous pageants of 
an Ambit 

<>i Francis were. D t all « 
frivol In his - 

mOnentS, when lie w*S nor l!. 
after that will-o'-the-wisp that i 
France and him so dear, the con- 
quest oJ tin: Milanese, he was somc- 

, mure lli.ui the mi Itfag 

madcap thai his enemies make him 
out; for it is his lot, like that of nil 

nung but unprii 'vcrcigns, 

to inspire panegyrk i .. 
lions equally cxau 

not only n patron of those artists who 
contributed to the adornment of his 

of learned men lor learning's sake. 

The luxurious repasts of Fontainc- 

bleau wn 

the presence ofsuc 

Maiot, whose ttyle, full of I 

and incisive grace, the Ii fond 

of emulating in \ his own 

:i.in, not altogether dei 
; -I poetic merit. II i the 

alrous lays oi 
and in the harmonious cadence 
florid imagery of the I i die 



2SO 



Fontaintblcau. 



troubadours. The witty Cur* of 
Mcndon was a frequent guest at the 
royal table, Francis provuking his 
lively sallies, and heartily enjoying 
them, though the sarcasm was often 
boldly pointed at himself. Learned 
men of every class — doctors, book- 
worms, and even printers — were ad- 
mitted to the same honor. Erasmus 
was one of the few who withstood 
niles of the charmer ; he steadfastly 
refused all invitations to reside per- 
manently at loiitainebleau; but be 
kept up a brisk correspondence with 
Francis, the honest freedom of whose 
tone throughout doe* eq r to 

the scholar and the king. The French 
court ni . ihc most poll 

anil the in Europe at tins 

"1. The sprightly Queen of Na- 
varrc — thntsister whom Francisso ten- 
derly loved, hi* "Marguerite des Mar- 
guerites, "—was it ig gesilM 
And brightest ornament 8he was 

nebleau, 
and made it her home duiing the 
greater part of her first husb.i 

and after In H with 

Henri de Navarre, who was to h-e- 

tfasent, either in her brother's 

Mrvke or in the pursuit of war on 

own account. Her image is 
everywhere associated in our memory 
with that of i'r.mi-.. m in-, favorite 

boudoir, ;i spacious 
and magnificently decorated re 
leading out of Rosso's noble gallery, 
the royal brother and sister pas 
many delightful hours, either in 
tionatc con\ together, or sur- 

rounded by the artists and learned 
men whom they both loved to honor. 
Here ri.ua is placed the library of 
rare books and manuscripts tor which 
he had scoured Italy, Spain, and 
Greece. The erudite Krasmus would 
sometimes deliver one of his learned 
SQUISH on deep and elevating 
themes inthepriv.. enchaSt- 

ing retreat, while Marguerite de N ■>■- 



vatre worked out, in rainbow-tin 

:.d golden threads, the 
of one of her artist friends, or 
chivalrous exploit of I 
Francis. Happy had it been 
Francis and for France had he d 
content amidst the peaceful and 
fined delights of this Eldorado, 
there was the Milanese — that unlu 
Milanese, the banc of his life, and 
his people's while his laMrd. A 
and again he (lew at it like a mot 
the flame, or a madman at his 
Jixe— failure and humiliation, in; 
of disgusting him with his h 
only goaded him to its pursuit 
greater zest. And what odd, shi 

it of this 
duel between him and Charles 
Alternately, they were rivals, fii 
dcadiy foes, and " de:ir ; . 
Bend lietiveSpai 

warrior, subtle in his pol 
ruthless, in his vei 
Hunt figure of Frai c at 

best ; he had all tin- qualities that 
rival lacked ; ii 
o-.ity, his rii--.ii imputes that led 

into so many grievous straits, 

stand out in bright rein ' 
dark background <>t the 
The story of the broken '1 

one of the many 
questions over which tl»c apologists 
of both princes have broken innu- 
merable lances, but they leave it p: 
much where it stood in tl: 
grace 1527, after the Notables decid- 
ed that : ions of the treaty 
weir us, and had been ui 
tiliably impose j.-.iler on 
prisoner, and I 

in m tif )?*nM 

n'tst laiuanulltfeye, tfy seftut 
h run* 

1 harlei had no right to exact 
abdication of his conq: . and 



act the 



•A guarded prtwnei U »M bounl by I 
otih. norc*nbo tx held lo«ny \on auilei 

1 



FontainebUau. 



25T 



«r latter had no power to effect it 
•ithoct the consent n: his Notables, 
1 he knew full well would never 
e granted. Still, the solemn oath 
on the crucifix by Francis in 
1 he emperor b not to be 
ed of so easily. It would 
been ibotc consistent with the 
aeter for airy, 

ch the French prince arrogated, 
Bihave withheld the pi ich he 

he could not redeem, than to 
liberty by a subterfuge 
has left an equivocal mark upon 
kit memory. He wa- life- 

Hunt of the crown ol he 

Bight resign it, but he had nop- 
to afacc- • nef; 

, therefore, to hand over 
tae f Burgundy and 

coanurs of Flanders ntnJ Artois to 
Charles V., he was performing a rain 
sham ; for, ha willing to car- 

bon 
hinueJf, be was well 3 a the 

Hates general and the parliament of 
realm would never rat.t'y the act, 
and - 1 it 

remained null ami void, lite strong 
epflhets used by Charles in denoun- 
CJsg the 

].rcj«wtcrnus 
treat 

placed, considering the 1 and 

cruelly whkh he hunsc I !ay- 

im]>ossible c 
■ens from a hrave and > ioe. 

It was not long i 
1 
. < d character for chival- 

(fin an the head rles. The 

ewperur was on his way to Client, 

his dominions. It 
granted at once, but on condi- 
ihoulil remain 
a t 
j:lt uch a hurr 

be would hare 



: liscd more than this in order to 
arrive swiftly on the scene of ven- 
geance; he consented to halt at 
Fontaincbleau ; but no sooner had 
he set foot on the 

brother of France," than he was seiz- 
ed with tremors and suspicions that 
made his life miserable ; he accused 

Of madness :u having so 
rashly rushed into the arms of a 
1 e whom he had persecuted 
meanly when he was in his power, 
;i:h1 whose state he h. Mtsly 

injured; nor did the magnificence 
the reception which greeted him on 
his arrival calm his fears. Fran 
who was utterly incapable of a base 
breach 01 11M not fore- 

go the pleasure of , 
the agonies of Charles ; he occasion- 
ally repeated to him the munnuriaga 
of the Queen of Navarre and the 

, who would f;:in have im- 
proved the rare opportun om» 
ing their guest to undo some of the 

mist bief he had done tbeii toother 

and father. Francis even recounted 
to the osapcror with great taenia 
an epigrammatic li -age he- 

rweei I and his G 

Triboalet: while the lau rot* 

log the king with in usv J ••■ • on 
the 1 uaitfs arrival, 

hesnddenly pulled out his tablets, 
began to write with an air <;f gnat 
. i:y. "What arc you writing 
there, Triboulet ?" inquired hbM 
ter. •■ The name of a bigger fool 
than iii> •'.!:." rt plied the d« 
'• Who 1; that .'" said 1 r.i; 

- Charles," replied Triboulet. " But 

poM I keep my word 
go? 

trcxi d Triboulet, " 1 would rul> 
out Charles, and mile Francis in- 
stead." 

The question of the Milanese was 
discussed bet* 

during this period with great 
ncss on one side and consummate 



252 



Brittany : Its People and its Poems. 



skill on the other. Charles promised 
solemnly to bestow the investiture 
oh the Dauphin ; but, when Francis 
urged him to confirm his pledge by 
a written guarantee, he cunningly 
reta! runcern- 



ing the Treaty of Madrid : " Prh 
mtrgmtt nat tarn it iiulkj 
peut oi>!iger is tien." He dccla! 
i-r, that on reaching Fi 
ive the promise in v, 
We know how he kept his word. 



TO U CMKLUDE0 IK 1X9 K1XT XUHiLIL 



BRITTANY: ITS PEOPLE AND ITS POEMS.* • 



THIRD ARTIC1 I 



In a former notice, we expressed 00 
intention to present <>»r readers with 
the I 
menta relating to Merlin; to be fol- 

1 by some of the h 
poems which succeeded the Druidic 
compositions of earlier times. We 
il to fulfil our promise. 

The name of Merlin (Myrrdhin, Of 
Ituxia) is so closely associated with 
the early mystic and myth 
|K>ctry oJ Cambria and Amorico 
desirable to give some 
account of this pa U far as 

the d (story rem 

it possible to do so, before reproduc- 
ing any of tin tnclt he is 
the subject. 

It !: been supposed that 

, one of 
whom, a ring 

of a Cbri i :in and a Roman 

consul who lived in the Vth century, 
in the i Vmbrose Aurehan ; 

or, according to the popular tradition, 
whose f.uher uas no mortal, but a 
malignant /'.. ... under the 

• For the pnc*S\ng tnictei of OVa tt It*. Ih* 
ra*4o ti rafemd 10 T«» «. tTVDLK WW 
OaoMibar. i»n, ud )<», iIto. 



form tif :i bird, slie unwittingly 1 
at her window: and ti. 
warrior and bard, who after theb 
of Ardcriz, in which he had unint 
tionally killed his nephew, lost 
■il, and retired from the wor| 
Hut i the present day a 

in considering that it is one pci 
who is the subject of a triple : 
and that it is the same 

•is iii the light of a mv.hol 
cal, historical, and legendary hero. 

The :nts which still i 

in Wales of the poems of this 
arc either very much tuodcrni. 
almost wholly transformed. Of 
ballads relating to him which 
in Brittany, there seem to be four 
principal ones. First, a era 
intensely pagan in spirit, in w 
his mother pi; s to him 

his : while rocking 

him to sleep, and when, to her amaze- 
ment, the infant derides her re^ 

is father, declaring 
self to be born to be the good gi 
the Breton nation. This poei 
r-edlcK to reproduce. Wo 

: the remaining t 
beginning 



Brittany: lis People and its Fonts. 



i$3 



UESLVt iARl). 



'1rr:m tmf Mertm. %»y. «rhllha «»»v, 
VBk T"«r Ulack Unt. M the d»wo *l lbe 



i —• I. in each mr«.lini1r.itcil cleft. 
E« lol u biood. by Ib« hmiUh left. 



I I woiji.J Mek U the niMdOnUlld low. 

*»al r*U-»«»b. •ii.l weird mitiletuc : 

D«9 i* UM tore* 10 tad nuN 1 |o. 

Whin by Ike fay-Wusicd fosal it duih 



* KaB«, M(C Mcilia. youf »t«p«, Ik. t.lr»c ! 
HBdclM k»»e. Lbe old mjlrr* to tr«» : 
taat c t>< imn craa »nd U« gold-herb lo 



ur wetl.wiurad ro«do«Ue.J low. 

'Laitlli mlctco<lbo(Mk«oftfe«wa 
XM Ik* w-.kl lus <rf the brokers to be. 

turn back Ifw lbe p»th you h»ie 

Oh and Hm only Dlvw I. God I" 

The latter half of the poem 
pears to be of & Kado, the 

Christian bishop to whom tradition 
attributes the conversion of Merlin. 

The gold-bab figures as one of 
the most approve! chirms of 1 1 

•id to sparkle at a dis- 

Id— whence its name — 

ealljr esteemed by Ihc Urctons 

ioal qualities. It must 

be gathered at dawn, by a person 

in a state of grace, fas: 
barefoot, ar.: white 

las noc bet orn. 

is traced round it. and no 
steel m »ch it. b.it i: i 

ked by the hand. 
Should any one chance to tread upon 
the plant, he glei 

cad sand the lan- 

guage of animals and birds. 

Jn the next |x>em, Merlin no long- 
in as a magician. He is 
jclf oixicoroc by a sorceress, who, 
aft'- >g him of his harp ai id 

gc4«J ring, the symbols of I. 
as banl, uL.es ailvanuge of a 

lar taste he teems to have had 
far apples (if wc may judge bj 
praise* lit in 

poems of his composition still extant 




in Wales *) to ensnare him, and to 
make even his will powerless by their 
means. 

The tradition of his disappearance 
ommon to Wales and Brittany. 
: trliti is known to 
none," says the bard Myvyrian, who 
lived before the Xth century. And 
in the Welsh Triads f it is written that 
" he embarked with nine other ba 
:ind whither he went cannot be 
known." He himself says that he 
Bed from the court to dwell in the 
woods.J 

The king mentioned in : . 
appears to be Budik, chief of the 
liretons of Armorica, a British prince 
who emigrated from Cornwall, and 
who WU a valiant I the 

.'pendenceof Bi I the 

Franks. He was assassinated by 
order of Govts, who had been un- 
able to over: ia battle, 
about the year 506. He married his 
daughter Alienor to a prince whose 
name is unknown, and gave her 
.:i fur dowry. 

mrxlix the bard. 
(raso* mi 

I. 

M Good grandmother, pray lilt lo me : 
■Mid 1 go th« rent lo tee— 
feMt coBonaodcd by lie fc-lnc. 
And Join tb« ncn in the ii"c" 

" To «•• the feeM you will not fo, 
.. nor other one I I 

11 dot to •»• the «IkM : 
I Mcthit yofl Im- 1 night. 

lat, 
I m .-b«k* =*kt wet." 

" S»#e: lilt* molker, lor* you •« ' 
, tor bid mc I 
. liyinK" thninr. iou -l-i iJtg I 
ktiiinlog, you will ilsoou Um wine." 



; mi he hit rhcnisul cult, 

Hi hoof., well tbort with ctiiterlns «••!, 
ka tire it t> 1 ■ 

•Ste .'ft- "i.., 1 

1 THtuI inh />jd*-: vol. id,. «. I. 




Brittany : lit People and its Poems. 



(>Vamt em .:* nr dt a : inc. and on 
-.bo* gay : 
pnlnge o'er rt» bach he thrown, 
Tueo ib»unt»and tpredtaway. 

E'en at tit ga-na the glittering coutae. 
-oca* all loudly auufid ; 
, is. the ever- 1. mri, 

Tec eager konci bound. 

- Who the great barrier of lie beld 

• and free, (be Mine thiD wed 
Taw d taerhur of tbe tag !" 

Wildly theeaat tbe young colt ncag be, 

I'un.-v ».»t bound* aajua; 
llli , . ■ ftjJl *«g»r I 

II* paatiha ground with k«ndmn, 

Tn«o Ota eccoai tbe plain 

Far, far behind, tbe other* all 

Wo* long ago twn'd by : 
He Ilea alone- With one great baae d, 

He clean tbe bartic* high. 

vout royal « 

■ M vnely nine it abe." 

"The priutcta l-mnr think not thon 
In any wive to win. 
No auiccfcj mr daughter weda. 

An aged nan, whme wist beard 
. h. - lireaat Unwed down. 

i Srakt tars 
Upon Ibe moorland brown- 

An aged man. with robe tif wool. 

Bordered bv »..-.n bead 
Through ::>, tat by the king. 

I'pon the king a right hi:i.l. 

Unto the royal e»i he hent- 
lle bam. Mad lea l tpa jiil 

Then .oil the ling hlttccpl-e laite. 
And. auuck a tuuudiag blow • 

upcto :hr '.iMc ihricc, 
might aear: 

•••.■rule. 
With galea b 

i 'St brra| thou me 

lioa hangaliy hi* bed — 

II M. ;'.in i hern thou bring to me. 
My child, percbatvee. shall marry th«« " 

lit. 
"Good graneat.it in , I girar give heed. 
And couoaelme In tl 
Mv hem H broken cod! 

hi am «: cl naught mv 
Thy hap In J met win belter apeed. 
Poor zra.-d«.in mine! Vet weep not to: 
The harp «• . row, 

A goUen hammer her* (.. I 
No touod rtagi from lit Krolu of gold." 

IV. 

Ani' , 

irplcoau. 
I KUlt I unpad to win." 



Whoa the kiug'a ten theac tidings baud. 

Low to hit aire t;*kc be i 
Aad thereupon thua aald t W klag, 

To that bold youth and tree : 

" If thou from KcrliBra >vrn light hand 
Sale unlo no (halt 
The riof, lie wiiix. Unor La thine 
When I receive the ring." 

v. 

He weal hii way. ami. ~ee[:n», *oug 
Hit gian.lamc. trite new care dittrasgat; 
' Heboid, the king k . word hath acokaa I 
Heboid, lie king hit word hath broke 

' Nay. fret thee not i there It traall need ; 
Only, to that I bid. glee heed : 
My Mile coder ©pea Ihoaa, 
And lake thereout a tie n Jet bough. 
Whereon twelve glilterlug leaflet* grow : 

rr gold they gleam and glow. 
'Tat sow full eercnyeara agooa 
Since aarren wood* latarched, aloe*, 
tin t v«n nlghrt. at Aajkaaf hour, 
Kre I could win that plant oi power. 
When I'Wlwr, 

■ cd hease wain • «pr«d loeur, noc (ear: 
la clumber deep will 
So fear thee doc: good epeed to thee r 

Wheal loud the cock al midnight crowed. 

1 ttcexl bounded no -.lie ruad j. 
A ii. I ere bit ootea he coated to alng. 
The youih had borne away tbe rlug. 

Br* dawn had brightened law day, 

lie wo,:.I the king fK-cae. 

•' «! the king In wonder gued. 

And all with him: " Hit wife, behold 

Hi- . 
The king retires a momc 

Tbe old mar. and hie aoa. 

A n. in tbe king return*, and Mill 

And Unit he tpalu ; "' rittra*. my too. 
That Ihou hast gaiaed thy bride | 

* Vet it there one adrenrare more 
n i,i. ii thou 
When thai ..n. In-law 

) onfew in i Uite will oake. 

'• The princeaa Linot thai I be thine, 
An. I all Ibe . 

>n 1 beatou foe i.iaor ; 
Tola, by my race. I twear. 

- Do bat the thine which t demand. 

i And leea the last 5h*U be :i 

To celebrate tae marriage, btiag 

me." 



■ O Merlin. Bard, alone, forlorn. 

ihy garments tolled aad tors t 
o Martin. Hard, whence eoeoaet thm,. 
With wtarr »:ep. wilh cloaded brow, 
llareheededandti." ay: 

A ad whith*r woaklat thou wend ihy way 1 
Thy b. 
Thy binding fort*, (boa bread gray." 



Brittany: Its Pet>f>lc and its Poems. 



-^55 



-AJatl To te-tk my harp I go : 
Beat aeeace that ay heart can know 
la thii worU. 1 kid waadwrint 
Ta seek cry heip. to seek my ring : 
Both U« I tost : ao mure I tine, 
Bui ncarily am waadoing." 

-en. O Merlin, grieve sot aw; 
l*c< tktll ibou taj ihy harp, I Uow : 

The a. riot;; 

So caste t» bile thy aanrirHaa;, 
laser. O Bart, sad rev thee here. 
Asd UaM • roontl of my cheer " 

• not ! will sx< stay. 
Jfa* penes op*o my nur way; 
-v esisJul nueil. 
I afjl est cat. I w-.;l cm rcat, 
i tack an am In ralo : 
Van! my harp ! Sad e,fslav" 

* Heat atf. Mrrlin. and otxv : 
laeoiMk. tbo* will »•< Ic 

■ r i» fc4 lioroe la. I pray. 
A tola spate. n»r tlj sac nay." 

tte ss besought. ■ 

Mat aily wilhail womJ Her will. 

Wuh night anpr.it rhLa?, home there came 
T^e ;tn:4r. - of that mclcnt dame 
taiak>ni.< < nth ancu. 

Bach •»«: a* a i r h «u .1.1 ei r : i i ; 
Foe there lur.l Merlin tti ai test. 

i.i low Bowed upon hit becsst: 
1 as, there lorsooih sue Merlia «rav ; 
Aax ha »-l»ar should he dec away • 

■ i na»cht; in Jeff* 
•note eiott praooand be H upy 
state* hat h. i.ne, 

Oo uto bol tikn noahed by me. 

And hi- will foissw everywhere." 



till. 

la ea'ly stuming. era the iptcpa 
'.an ceom her bad, 
aie-ee; ladv la her 

. aahaasidi 

" WhU hi the rily haa Sod 
Xa!»«;ia»n.ir. I pray. 
That thake* 
Eeeyx. 

- haa w*eu hat lit ppeaed ia the court ? 
Aad wharcfore 4t the I > 

■ at on 
LawUlDj lev 

">«««*ai «n the to-a HsliA 
**' 

•■ Ohrt palace high 
■»'< Merlin coeni 

"4a aa sged dan* 

■ 

rtO«a» ihe »nc-«a: | 

...re 

■jjattaihy; cJ: proclaim 

IMkaclaiOkai 



-Make, m •.hioiiijh the land. 

And auimuon great an.i 
Alike, Id ki .^e feast. 

And make h:^h leaueai. 

all 'Alio will, come high assd lowi 
The daught. i 
Aftanro*. . B0> wills* 

Wnl. the bOuMfeal ring. 

' Bid to the mi; iords 

Of an. iini Brittany, 
Duke i ijet pave. 

And all ..I hij^tt degree. 

i:.-hmon. wtnlcrt, and knurhta; 

Buck ..rail 

Tho treat crnwn-csstalt or the land : 
The rich, the peWaat, call. 

* Kun. messenger, the country through, 
VTUh diligence and a* ■ 
To batten qui urn 

See that thou git c good heed." 



■■ til two ears who 
B be, 
And Mlrnce keep- keep silence all. 
And hearken unto me. 

" llea'ken to thtt which iaordu.i. 
The daughter i I the kmc 

luei:.. 

iSc '^pouttl i 

" < onie to the nuptials oil who li>i, 

1. ur until I 

in.l knights 
The :.i all 

be, 
..Id, 
id, not hydrants!, 

■ 
T« 
u ||i be ■ . A o 

"Two boot! oes 

v. lute 
And bead i-J. good ; 

1 cqtisSlsr 
i tb«s 

"A hundred ehajal of liu-n!*hcd gulJ 

.hi: elrlx a riKirr.tul pay 
...Itlrabluc. 

'• Rlf,bt i laof rarmeottgood 

l ; ..i ; 
And i ery guest 

i; real. 

'■ A bun iiere. 

I'licc, 
■ r day and n : gh«, 
The i 

- of til the oovit) 
I and ttale, 

idgk 
-:e. 



-j5 



Brittany: Us People and its Poems. 



'• In thort. Iht but will ill turput 
That e'er Iut« been before j 
Km will thrre be hi time to cuine 
lit equal tvcncuie." 



"Chief of : I. -cat, ay, 

The ravrtagi 

" Finixhctl, and pal. I fur ; a*-S tlfl guest? 
Oc|>ui«4 erery one. 

" For rtftetn d*y» ihe fern wn kepi 
Willi gaiety and glee. 
Then, MM with rWfc Kilt, thcgucits 
Togo IbeJ wiyi were free, 

"All with prvecilon from the king; 
An. I ..■ful heart, 

To I> .11 ■■ Ill hii r .|ii bride 
DiJ the kinjt'* too depart. 

" All are rone hence, well talianod ; 
Not to the kinr; tlinic : 

Merlin thr Hard l* lost again, 
Ami irhlllrM I* he (one J" 

It is believed thai Merlin was as- 
:. bill papula tradition baa 
not suffered the mysterious bard to 
die. 

The amy of the conversion of 
Merlin in his old age comes down to 
us from very caily times, and has 
been sung by the Christian hards of 
Wales, Armorica, and the G* 
clans. The following ballad, ;t- well 
the foregoing fragments relating to 
Mali in Trcguicr. 

and other parts of Brittany. 

COM OP MSRt.IN. 

S. Ksilu walked the fbrett more. 

Through many a darkling: dell : 
S. Kadu walked thro' the foreM green 

Ringing hia clear-booed bell ; 



army 



When out from the ibt.se of the artcicet 
A phantom bounding irmi| ; 

Ida went kll 
And mil bi» <letr bell iang. 

The pbistoa'a beard waallka llckcn 

Spread o'er an am . 
And lit reader, eye*, like bailing water. 

<; litter and dance.! and thine. 
•T-ai Merlin the Hard thai Kado at« 

That S. Kado met thlt day, 

ricry eye* that wildly gtareJ. 

Ami beard to long tad gray. 

" In lletrcn't unc. t bid th.se, phanti 

Tell Be who art Ihoa I" 
"A bard waa 1 ■ hen ir. the iforld, 

To whom did all aire bow. 
If I law the palace 

A (oyuu'i crowd ttflttad riiiin.!. 

And gleaming Knld fell from tba tree* 
■■:: :i.y nai;. began to touad. 

"My country' t klngt ell loeod mo watt; 
And Mrangi I tear 

The might)' Lard with harp of gold. 
To Brittany to dear. 

:. I dwell alone: 
Men honor nie no inore. 

Lflg Ihcir lce'.b, there pad me by 
The wolf and fierce wild boar. 

• Mv barpfa i.m : ih« Man felled 
Fran wbonec dropped glittering gold ; 

The klngt (if III Ulan y- >•■ 

The land to strengert v-l.i 
'Martin the Tool'' now ttiout the folk. 
And pelt, with scofGngs t> 

■ Pooi luiwcaiU, n 'in" in God, 
\\ ii o that, 

And rr\i thv anaitaaaaeja hnn 
Who died ..ii C iliaiy." 

" Ah, then In him I w.ll t-mfide, 

Will he lull pardon me." 
'■ Pardon Irom hnn d i I BAifiOUttOas 

The HletMd On* hi Thtce." 

" A cry of joy my heart senilt forth, 
To honor heaven's high King: 
An. I through clcma! afM I 
1 Iih praite will ever ting." 

" Go, ChrltUan tool, and may hit a-.jele 
u'er thee tprcad their wlog." 



Far Belter— for Worse." 



257 



>R BETTER— FOR WOK 



The mother of a family of 
••- tits rou- 1 

1 heaped upon 

3 slowly under her ; 

during the loog aftcr- 

hcr bowed head while she still 
t work. It touches up 
J6c homely furniture of tlie 
■ hex than die gi 
' : 1 lace a 

xonl 
: mood of its occupant. 
1 a nomin of about 1 

.1 to 

1 ; an 

here is a 

of discontent on her fate, and a 

ess in hec • 

■•% about her. Yet the 

1 spite of 

<ort 

if, whatever is the 
troaWr wnh which sh< no 

rlnil *ettf 

ut:r- i, arid 

: mc? written upon 

ch those who 

a a 

uplc 

f the 
very posture of 1 
and in the gait, so that all are 
eloquent if 

How often a ; ling 

xvu.— 17 



<uv 



on h : .coiling li 

grossnes;, and courting all that is 
divine, praying fervent'-. 
to lie led into temptation, hut deliv- 
ered from evil 

into a seraphic bi ikes 

the ' wonder "• noes 

this lovul: .sec plain features. 

We wonder that this face BBOUtd 
please as much as it do tang 

the semi's high mission. We see oot 
the lamp behi reen •>: fl 

we only see the effect of tin: I 
Again, we see faces whe lias 

ch to beautify, and where a 
soul not delivered fi 

marks that the I 

tabl I i «i;li blots 

ll ink flowing from 
pen bell in the grasp of pi --ion. 
Whence comes the writing en the 

■ 

.: to 

win? Si 1 »he 

ms.) I to 

from which she sees 1 
of 1 
not 1 

I "t is that of b man 

rarscrnatu who 

.ii)-- 
thing at all above the mi ling 

Why ■ 1 i;n 

IS to her now 
never-ceasing 
grct. It site had n 

le r. ith ll: 
.dent — bin 

necessity of loving." 

[uainted with 6 11 to 

her riddle, she blames fate and her 

own inc> I youth, anil the 

need of a home and protection at a 



time when her own heart ha> 1 not ft I 
asserted its rights. Now, she knows 
she docs not love her husband, and 
she thinks she hates him at tin 
that he is cruel, not that I 
ithful — be -se; 

but he is narrow, 'ing, 

tmiOlcDectaa), and coarse ; while she 
if, even poetic, in her nature. 
Fond of the beautiful, seeking it in 
ever) 1 way, cultivating bet intellect 
as best she can against the odds <>f a 
deficient education, limited means 
am! 1 overtaxed strength of 

body, she longs for a better position 
in life. Care has fretted, if not fur- 
rowed, her fair white forehead 
already ; yet still she reaches out 
and clings to every refining inllu- 
encc. All books that have fallen 
in her way she has read, stealing the 
time from toiiing hours already tilled 
to overflowing with household work. 
On this particular afternoon, there 
lies among th the il m 

ing a poem of Wliittier's, which has 
taken such ;i hold upon her fancy and 
morbid ^content 

deepens and the hunger of ber U 
ing heart gnaws more sharply I 
usual. i m, .l/./.v./ Muller, 

read •■■ by Ihe happ] many, 

with pleasure at its pretty con. 
allies itself so to ihi 

in echo shi 
silence, in the lines— 

"Sti. BUU unlearned uul b 

Anil oianv children iloor | 

I > ii pala 

Although she has never had any 
r lover, or even a passing fancy 
ither man, ■■■■■•■ e tome vague 
rent from her 
husband John Tliomdyke, as sp- 
reads: 

•• thechimn. . 
Done* BiuJeruraWinu o'«j ih|* »nd biur, 
A «' de the atmr, 

Aadjoy wj»duiy. »nd lOTewa Inw," 

she seems to herself the ha 



of the poem, and John 
the very unpleasant compa 
trayed. Ami yet no thouj 
■hat she com 
"shackles" obtrudes upon 
ings. Si crc Purit 

cdu : faith, and th 

escaped the base free-thin 
"free-love" tendencies of 
Marriage, disagreeable as it 
cd to her, seems still, if no 
ment, a binding, honorable 
DC borne wilh according tl 
mise, " for better or for woi 
has been married by an 
clergyman, because it had 1 
convenient, and her husban 
fcrred that nnn ; anil thus 1 
promise has always seemed 
• lor better 
for richer for poorer, in sici 
in health, to love, cherish, an 

nil d< th at do part." 'in 

always to her like a doon 

not duty, and love is not 1 

: btit .-.he patientl) take 

lea of life again, saying 

• been.'" 

But m her lonely h 

pure God-given instinct l 

her othei reli 

ennoble her dull, hard lot. 

. harity in est Ibrm- 

; the $rct a I 

fog to the needy — a posttivt 

ti >i the work, which she doci 

thustasm, sot from cold dn 

her willing hands minister t 

id often is she calle* 

through lonely nights at t 

a, In this way, her acq 

I far beyond 

band's sphere of life, on 

hou- : neighbors, I 

and poor, arc her skill and 

I into requisition. 

id, above all, 
Df IK 

make ■ woman appreciate 
spected among those by wh 




" For Better— for Worse.' 



259 



Handed, and so it happens that 
own life presents itteclf to her in 
contrast lives of 

a women. 

tot unsatisfied hunger at her 

*t gnaws more and more, and 

irasband grows to her more and 

re repulsive; but while he repels 

' thus, and every tendril of her 

esoutv^. jiport- 

, she fails not in any duty 

id mother. While her heart 

her conscience is answer- 

umI obeyed in every exaction. 

wting no m others, 

» where willing tribute is paid to 

(beauty and refinement ; dressing in 

irier lil ac- 

(duce wit: 1 , but 

a»n severe taste; leading a quiet, 

dstrious lii Thomdyk 

proachablc, and esteemed by all 

i> know her. The scqwnt coiled 

r soul is 

itng to rear its head — waiting for 

wj 1 oath, to warm 

- venom may 

that evil hand, that evil breath, 
coming, as they arc always sure 



b* nek UVxixhu do Koi tome of liem- 

M heart of ■ vroa«n n?tlrctcfl. like c 
Ivrfc iooctr - 

tins tok»r." 

'Deliver us from evil."' H 
1 our Ivord 1. nee<l of 

1 1 v wise the 
to require 

iman 

Mc. How will the evil come to 
>>e» Thorndyke ? and how will 

into temptation ? The gate 
>Vo>- 1 vir- 

: . -a 
*B»1 C Of 



clattering hoofs and wheels. Run- 
ning to the window, she sec 

1 id a gentleman who lies brui 
and senseless before her door, w 
a horse and shattered carriage 
ring down the street 
ing on her porch, elevated above the 
heads of the little crowd, she per- 
ceives that the stranger is not killed, 
but that he must be cared for in- 
stantly, m the men to I 
him within her open door, that she 
may assist to dress his . 
a surgeon is summoned. This she 
docs so deftly and so gently that the 

rcr thanks her warmly, and the 
surgeon compliments lie- on her 
skill. 

The man is not very dangerously 
hurt, but the doctor advises that he 
be k quiet for At 

this the stranger looks perplexed, 

ig first a searching glance al 
the room and over the person of 
tin, Thorndyke, be St] 
••hi could be allowed to ■ 

here for any remunerati this 

lady would consent to receive, 1 
would pay it willingly, and also > 
aider it a great favor. I am . 
in the place. 1 had finti 
ness fur ninth I 1 id I was 

hurrying to the railway hen 

unlucky accident b* and 

threw me upon • 

Kiks DOW at Mrs. "J nor:. 

does not speak immediately, but 

seems to be considering the ex- 
pediency of j icsr. 
Her quick q 
once dial it will u 
to be disturbed. 

■ ; If you ca' 
Thorndyke," 

1 be removed to 
above here." 

•' Pray, no ! " in • 'ae patient. 

" I came from there, and glad 
I m to leave it. It is a DO 

'.died place. Can't you think of 



'• For Better— for Worse" 



some belter refuge than that ? — if I 
:ay here." 
fherc is peevishness in hit 

caking to the doctor which 
soften to a gentle pleading as he 
turns at tlic last words, again to his 

hostess, It is nut li iur. 

She is touched by his evident desire 
to stay, and equally evident need of 

•• li ; and does i 

she says, " I will 

..•to be yo : bat I am 

afraid our plain house and ways will 

hardly satisfy you when you arc 

"Oh ! thanks — a thousand lit 
he re 

icss of mine standing in the way 
of my gratitude and conn 

irranged: fur •.. 

get offers 
■s not unwelcome to John Thorn- 
the grov.: , of his 

family. 

i .;■. ttrangi :. M irtin Vaw ■ 
is a handsome man of thirty-five 
years, with the kind of beaotj and 

ptivc the fa 
of many women, j .lliy^ 

Satanic ; hard and cruel f^ray t 
but capable of a soft, imp! 

. ; pale, cleat akin; 
a voice 
agrecab!' 

but with ion- 

on the car i cor- 

QOt 

purity of 

[fish and 
sual will; app and 

id culture, made ■ 

10 his (iv. try, 

Satiety, and breligion, and so- 

try always on his lips and in his 

the pat; t ml 

:ues Agnes Thomdyke's kn 

task to nurse clay after day. In 

dangerous companionship, ilsi-* hun- 



gry heart finds solace. " Lead 
not into : n, but deliver 

from evil," should be her con 
prayer now. How can she help 
imiring eyes follow her, 
: : • 
. .nt the dan 
sanctioned by their relative posi 
of nurse and patient? Well 
knows how to increase the cver-r 

;athy for his sufferings. Soon 
and easily lie liat- 

ment in her life, and detects the cause. 
Is there no scruple of consi 
emotion of gratitude, to stay hi 
his bad I 

on his sick-bed during the very time 
she so tenderly cares for him ? 
one. D he weaves the net 

about her r.o sure- 
ly t'. inner towa 
uid has changed to a qui 
lousness and impatience which sjxted- 

rovokc a of the same 

nature; and discord and hatrc: 
in the place v.: ;uty 

John Thorndyke, although of a 
hear; iub, 

tempcrami :-.t. He i .•■■ hi en, in 
dull roud of lii-v • 

Mil;, it the comfort she 

brought him. It has not occurred to 
to try to brighten her life. In- 
deed, he has not known that hca 
needed at i iks that 

she is his, and all i 

as he blows himself 
r all the 
pecuniary support he can command 
mechanic, it (iocs not occur to 
him that respect. He 

ha • never evem 
that point. No i 

■ 
this, he d ely from . 

She I her con- 

nce, being .are 

of the serpent coiled in the slvadow. 



" For Better— for Worse. 1 



26l 



But as she has never before given ilic 
r his jealous} 

pidous of how 
it can have over him. 
it read the signs 
■ ± blinded by her ov, 

la the meantime, Martin Var.d-.-r- 

:; him- 

aYmt-re and more interesting to her. 

cs her always with so 

lat it is 

her; for this 

an has nil her 

and mien, 

itipe- 

aktst- — desire of her 

lean. To so regard her is to flatter 

liously than 

r grace. 

10c day over hci sewing, 

>• the rc- 

10 lias been 

ng her: " Mrs. 

She looks u [1 v. 

I in 
nt of dc- 
• 

. non- 
place question, quite at variance with 
1 x>k and manner: 
'by do you think so ? " 
" Bo says, " I am a phy- 

II have been study- 
as 1 
•aoulil a book ; and a more eloq- 
found." 
Is arc si>okcn in a 

SOfl.: 

p her eye 

11 uvrd 10 CO 1 
.idvcnt, and cannot 

. 

. -.his 



one, and I am not surprised at read 
ing 1 1 ipt my own p 

rience h. ie quicker at u 

lating Ihc ;;e of your book; 

for, Mrs. Thorndyke. I 1. 
been happy my- -I'', and I think ) 
u< springs from a sii 
Boorc • 

in that deprecating look 
baltli 

to l.cr that the cause of her 

trouble should not be avowed or 

even tacitly admitted. Complaint 

against her husband should not be 

le tn Man. 1 :va, above alL 

There is already too dangerous a 

pathy between the ibtlc 

intuition tells bet lli.it she 
le<l into temptation, and that 

1 this now 
ifet the does not do so. 
pent in the shadow has even now 
lirred. Curiosity, also, 
erniog Mr. Vandcrlya's foi 

licr to encourage him 
to proceed ; ft >rry 

to hear that your life has not bt 

-y one. I had tu ..tut 

Jeaving us to go to bri enes 

and ki 

red over the absence 

of any commi end* 

or relatives durin| his illness, and so 

mark ia not quite truthful. 

She has often wondered if he has 

ever had nifc or lady «] an- 

rs all tin* by 1: 
rds : 

that I can 
!•> the unhappy time I sp k of. 
: (bt ever, It •■ 
i .1 wife, I ndyke; 1 : 

"She is dead, then," says Agues, 
nd speaking in .1 low 

• 
should not s-. .!> a 

1 he evidently disavi it is 

•iicf which be 1 
•• 1 know not," he says, ■-. 






262 



. " For Bitter— for Worse.' 



careless tone ; "she may be, for aught 
I know or care. She is dead to me, 
and I know I feel quite dead to her. 
an divorced, and I am a free 
man again. To that unhappy time 
of my life I cannot return. The 
chains are broken. It was a woful 
time. 1 can imagine no surer Might 
on a human being's happiness than 
an unsuitable marriage. I know how 
it poisons a life, because mine, for a 
time, was so poisoned. I think if 
there is any hell, my marriage was 
arranged there by the prince hinv 
who is particularly interested 
in the marriage question. I think 
divorces arc made in heaven, Hoi 
matches, for my relief on getting my 

heavenly. The sa 
meiit of divorce for me '. The feel- 
ing it gave me was that which old 
John Bunyan ascribes to Christian 
when the pack of sins fcli off his 
bark 

He speaks with an audacity • 
frightens her Puritan prejuiii 

,• it lures bet admira- 

for his courage in daring to 
speak out and assert himself. There 
some romance here also, and a 
subtle flattery in being made his con- 
fidante. For to her more delicate 
sense, this, which he would brazenly 
declare to any one who might listen, 
seems a sacred confidence. I 
face looks her sympathy. The an- 
swering < Ittuck, and he sees 

it. nt has stirred to the 

evil breath. 

" Do you not think, Mrs. Thorn- 
dyke, that we have the inborn right 
to seek our own 

not nature implanted that feeling 
within us? Arc not our lives a con- 
tinual protest against being made 
miserable or uncomfortable for the 
sake of sustaining a law of church or 
state? The law of love is above 
I an glorify a life, or the 
ice of it tan debase one." 



" And j»y was duty, a;: 
law," echoes in Mrs. Thornd 
memory; and here is the "n 
form by her side." 

He continues without pause: 

OUT right to pursue happilM 

a equally our right to seek our 

y. casting off fetters which 

disdains; they chafe his del 

wings — love cannot live bound.' 

" But he must lie, to some ext 
she almost gasps, frightened at 
new and dangerous dot. 

f, respectability, require 
there should be a marriage bon 
which the law | either ; 

to the contract. Else what « 
become of us ? So many woul 
C tpe who have no right to do si 

" I doubt that they have no 
to escape. The very desire fo 
cape constitutes I 

law of love is there, no escape 
be desired." 

.; but. Mr. Vandcrlyr 
many instances, the possibility c 
cape causes a desire for it ; 
re there is no way of escapt 
inevitable is accepted. ' What 
be cured nun: be endured,' 
know." And there is a mournft 
deuce in her voice, a droopinj 
her head and eyes. 

.u is Just the cruel part o 
he says — " that freezing endul 

ing like a vampire on our he 

She puts her hand up sudden 
her heart, and clutches at her 
nervously hide the vai 

hidden there. Is it not rath 
tightening of the serpent's i 
The next moment she is comp 
and ashamed of the momenta! 
feet ive caused ii 

Outward manner. He has seel 
tton, however, but gives no 
g of it. As if absorbed oc 
his own remembrances, not do 
tO s-tir up hers, he contintl 

" I speak as one who know) 



"For Better— for Worse." 



2<53 



as one who deals with 

1 abstractions of theologians 

.'.ical economists. We who 

ling of the 

ire the true philosophers. Our 

x lieen opened, and we see 

We no longer grope in the 

of the middle ages. We 

rged for i 

We will he free i" our love, 

jut beliefs or disbeliefs, for 

bains. Do not let mc 

my gentle Puritan. I 

r pardon. Do not look ;it 

'.r, I cannot bear 

u. Remember 1 am a sick nun still, 

. are my good, sweet nurse. 

must not grieve mc with jour 

urc. It 

.1: un- 
»mile on 1 
* such idle, easy words for him 
speak — such dangerous ones for 
icai I N 1 ever fall 

Rps, and, if the;. they would 

lease her so from him. She 

and that 

this man ought not to have the 

1 easily. 
file alio 
m$ that her life is bare enou 

forgive me enough to 
tare to hear my story ?*' he says, 
after a pause. 

, " I am in- 

len- it which h ired 

jour feelings 011 1 :. and has 

jm s of law 

,.on." She tries to speak it 

ntcrcst in 

:f. It i* what he withes. 

"It is not much of a story," he 

saj- young — 

attracted ami 1 by a p: 

b always pleases 
-jiiit to be a 
a ho put her con- 
fessor above mc, and set me and 



my happiness entirely at naught in 
computing her debit and credit with 
bei church. Such selfish looking 
after one's own interest i:i 1 1 1 -• next 
life is to me disgusting, I 
generous impulse must be stifled for 
that end. The certain present is of- 
i up a victim to the uncertain fu- 
ture. I and my happiness had to 
forgotten in prayers, penances, fast- 
ings and foolishness. Bah I it 1 
ens me to remember it. Knough 
.- bearing every discomfort. I 
sought a divorce, and took it." 

•yj the last in a strange tone, 

which long all-.-i iv;m! - STIC PCI 

•• Had you no child: 
asks. 

"Yes. one; but it died, happily 
for it. I should not have liked to 
sec a daughter of mine rained in 
that church, as of course she was 
doomed to be had she lived. That 
alone would have goaded mc to 
madness — to sec the and 

I ings duplicated. Two at it, 

Here the conversations ends, and 
les Thorndykc taken "up her 
burden of life again," with an added 
protest against it. How she wishes 
that she could cut the cords, and let 
it 1 .ill like Christian's pack I Poor 
John Bunyan I "to what ! 
has he COne at last!" Chrisii 

: <:• sin-; made to represent the 
sacrament of marriage ! But if '• the 
devil can quote Scripture for his pur- 
pose," he Mill not scruple to uie 
John Bun] " 

begins to have her attention d) 
trtain rile papers and periodicals 

of the day, introduced cautiously at 

rlrsti <a,vt 

if the better (1 

j been selected. She finds I 

lying about Mr. Vandcrlyn's room, 
reads them without c 

ment, but the seeds take root. 



264 



"For Belter— for Worse." 



Afterwards Mr. Vandcrlyn calls hcT 
attcution to certain cleverly written 
but ring 

her ; ig to her 

OR these ab- 
as. When he finds that 
she reads with avidity all he p 
cures, (aster and thicker the vile II 
which disgraces the press and the 
nan; in upon her. 

Here the 04 clew, W ith 

no thorough education, no relij 
inlh penetrate into her life, 

tod guard her against this assault, 
she to stem this tonent of 

., to answer these del 
penned too often by the 
hand of her own sex. It 

it fact that, in this 
of \ . women, when they do 

if better natures and take 

I the most dangerot 
of the day are written by feu.. 
■I the guise of pretended mi 
it}-, which deceives silly girls and 
weak women who read then and are 
ble to detect the poisOO under 
the honey. Ala-, ! that women Shi 
thus proslitutc then intellects in the 
cc of the devil ! 
Winn woman of Agnes Thorn* 

dyk: can l>e found reading 

long editorials in a paper devoted to 
the destroying of the marriage rela- 
tion, and to the advance of "free- 
1 inciptes, alas ' for the h» 

her chil- 
dren ! But what cares M trtin I 
dcrlyn for any BUi 1 'lis ? 

To < n't nature and 

and sole 

to hit aid nil 

those of her owns* I as of his, 

who dip their pens in envenomed 

But John Thomdyke tutt beCODJC 

jealous. not a 

more agreeable husband. He 
signifies his desire that Mr. Vandcr- 



lyn shall find for himself some 01 
lodgings. In doing this, he, 
himself so coarsely, and li 
broadly at the cause of his dis| 
sure, that it increases the very 
ger he seek* to avoid, by forcin, 
understanding and recognition of 
lion between his . 

lent This is just niiat Mr. 1 
dcrlj He wishes A; 

radyke to know Mm to be 

lover, long before he will dare toi 
it to her. Well he knows that he 
prepare her for that, lead her step 
stq> up to that avowal; and 
knows that She may recoil at 

moment, and turn out from the 

pcry path through which he is li 
ing her. Too many good insi 
and habits of early training are 
ring with the I lings he 

assidiou.sly implanting, to n 
task ape; y ci lie. Now 

John Thomdyke has shown Ins 
ousy so plainly, these two ca 
look 1 other's 

knowing there is some cause for 
They cannot ignore it, and, wl 
Mr. Vandcrlyn is preparing to lei 
he improves the opportune 
mark how unhappy he is at the 
necessity. He tells her how 
sant it would be if he could corn 
to past all his day! With her; am 
last, finding himself unreproved, 
asks if that is not possible ? 

At this she docs recoil, « itii 1 
and 1 look like that of a 

hunted deer. But he 
is the first shock which eith 
leaves the vi< tim able an- 

other. Her mind has taken in the 
full force of the proposal, and yet 
she does not mce from 

her presence. She onlj I Urn- 

it be pos ■■] milling by the 

very question that she might lik 
to be possible. 

" Lc \gnes."hcsays, "and 

come to me— to me, your adorer — I 



' For Bftttr—for Worst." 



jfij, 



rcciatc the jewel of which he 

., and I cannot 
lat, nu- 

. 
;: must be tied by the 
>e law will soon free j 
hx» freed many another. 

chains as I cast 08" mi 11c, 

He holds out hb arms as he 

speaks, and she goes to them. The 

has coiled almost his last 

pt that of wife 
on this woman In i to live 

. ,\ ; but the law may be 
so marriage conti 

toady set aside and broken, 
feeder, for -he has taken 

is plight- 
I ct troih ; but she will not 
worse, and her troth 
not keep. Yet the law 
stake her U* . even in tin's 

slull be taken to obtain a di- 

voree, Vandei g at 

her service. It is so agreed, but not 

jflt many struggles on her part 

, she is a 

lender mother. This new infatuation 

the troc maternal in- 

, ; her heart. [1 requires the 

pan ' the 

1 he 
cans for liicm 

her 
fiom : 

no longer 
. but he hovers around 
irhood 1 

her husband - 

shc can always count for a a. ■.; 
number of hours every day. He 

n to 
id doqin.-' 
only fulsome 



flatteries, and a godless 

school ivhii-h pic*. 

He y 10 keen 

her mind always clouded by these 

. fed 
by these protests she 

is not by in the falsity 

to which he is luring her. lTiis 
worn .a with a better husl 
1 with a worse husband, 

tig, could not 
have been so tempted. She is no 
.licit,-; it really needs 
li careful tact, and study, and 
on Vanderlyn's pan to make 
path. 
The children seem to be her guar- 
dian cent 

ugth. 
iderlyn often wishes diem in 1 

r it seems to him, chafing 
in his vexation, as lie rep* 

" B*by 6n*cr», waxen luuchei. ptr« m« fioca 

lh« B Mt," 

that these arc rivals indeed, which 
may yet laugh him down and bring 
her rest, unless he g in 

his efforts to | .:■ 

sires, 
scailct-fcvcr prostrates then all at 
one; the time, from 

the I of their mother. Wan 

and pale with ind 

dread, A over 

her little flock— prays :is she his not 

two 

arc taken. The youn lings 

one gra. ig a 

boy ol .v aipty 

OS. 

I of s i oi "anderiyn almost 
thinks his gan and 

.for 
. • hi] lives have 

: hi* 
1 - powerful opponents. So ti 
does Agnes n 

and 
any tender aym 



266 



••For Better— for Worse" 



thy in this their common sorrow, 
some love for him may yet spring up, 
watered by her tears for rhildrcn 
which were his as well as hen. 



••Oh ! the eklM, iw>. cirbn IX* fnher with > 
dtama not kbd w." 



But John Thorndykc is not the 
man to be tender and delicate to any 
one whose grief take* such a form as 
hers. Her brooding melancholy he 
calls " moping." Her silence anil 
shrinking Gom every one. he speaks 
of as "airs" put on to disturb him. 
He thinks the In I well BJ 

hen, and he U not I to 

" mope and take on so." He goes 
to his work every day as usual, and, 
although he does miss his little prat- 
■honi he has always been 
indulgent, the world docs not seem 
ail dark to him. He is utterly in- 
capable of undemanding how dif- 
ferently this blow affects her, and it 
chafes him that she does not bear it 
as he does. He cannot sec that the 
very need of going to his daily toil, 
of mixing with other men whose 
minds are not on his loss, and the 
leaving of his sad home every day, 
helps to dissipate mai h morbid feel- 
ing which might cling to him H 
'bliged to stay at borne, n his 
is compelled to do. He never 
thinks of the greater difference which 
it I to her in every little 

change which the absence of the i 
drcn demands. Thaverj tightening 
of her care and toil for them leaves 
greater lime and room to gri 
Her bereaved heart cries for love 
and cr sorest n i 

and her husband does not heed the 
does not soften to her just at the 
time arc her. 

Vanderlya does not slight the 
nee of km lace 

He has been jealous of these cbil- 

living, he has feared tl 
memories may even now crowd him 



from the mother's heart, but 
the need of some one to appear at Ic 
to share her grief. She does not! 
to tell him how cold and unfo 
her husband is at this time ; and 
she furnishes him with 
weapon in the contest he is wag 
against her better nature. He 
now the |»rt of tender, dev< 
friend, rather than that of lo . 
sees that just now no '. 
can obtrude before the angel faces j 
ways present to her thoughts ; he I 
the tact and patience to wait and I 
the present digression ultimately 
It may be that, after , 
if these children had lived, she nc 
could turn entirely from her 
But this delicate attention to her 

r grief, contras'. i liapp 

with Thorndykc's unfeeling, stn| 
impatience with her, is the mosti 
gcrous temptation of all, 1 
wins her confidence iii his being Rl 
friend as well as lover. 

When the first acute feelings ' 
worn off after the childi 
and her life has gradually 
more cheerful, she turns from 
rod with a bitterness and 
tempt which produce in him a 
worse frame of mind. Now he 
taunts her for her assumed superi 
ity to him, and Bcofhngiy pictures how 
y she might have been with 
. rich min — Vanderlyn, 
stance. And so matten go on :. 
bad to worse, until he consents to 
her applying for a divorce, seeming 
as willing as she to part for ever. 

Of what use lil \cr the dc- 

The divorce is granted, as 
such things are. in open defiance of 
Heaven's decree and the apparent 
law of the land. When a New York 
daily paper has frequently a list of 
divorces longer than its list of mar- 
wonder over the fai 
In this ca<c, it has been necessary to 
change their residence for a time, be- 



"For Better— for Worse." 



267 



cause the laws of one state arc more 
taxable to this object than an- 
«h«T. Hut Christ's law one 

everywhere. >uple be con- 

sidered married to each other in one 
fart of our country, and divorce 
another? Arc the children of a 
locoed union legitimate :n one St 
■ad illegitimate in another? It 
•©ok! really seem so. 
But Agnes Thorndyke, or rather, 
<dney, as she is now called — 
tiling back her maiden name, nith- 
cut her maiden hear:—:* deprived 
of one comfort on which she had 
tardy counted. Her one child is 
kft Iher. Thorndyke has 

icheraed :h deliberate; mal- 

ice. It is not that he loves the boy 
orermuch, but it is his revenge upon 
Wr. He would rather burden him- 
sdf with the rare of this little 1 I 
thin furcgo the pleasure it givi 
to [ -nd so, while the 

, she lays her 
on another man's breast, and 
- him husband. Vanderlyn is 
spared either the keeping or the 
Uk-1 « to care for 

ker children — two in the 

in a 
gc woman's care. He has all 
he 1 1 r— John Thomdyke's 

pretty wife at i 

Thorndyke takes to rsaken 

home a h ei at first, as if he 

were a wi This woman is" a 

w who n a so comfort- 

l he speedily marries her, 

tcring law or Gospel as 

is case. 
trouble her easy con- 
science, and she accepts the lot of- 
ner a* tin mg in a 

.: of view likely to l.ill 
oed for re 
no refined yearn- 
-illi- 

uui herself as out of her 



place in any sense. Being good-na- 
i not oversensitive, she gets 
:; with John Thorndyke remark- 
ably well, tad no thought of Agi 
ever makes a lance, 

between them. She might be 
gotten, except for the boy, with her 
eyes and features, left in hei old 
.-. He calls the woman in her 
place "mother," and does get quite 
■erly treatment. He lord the 
iicrs and sisters who in time 
ig up around him, and seems as 
ill plays as if his 
own mother were guarding and g' 
ing him. Who can say how mi 

night be changed if 
icf hid been left to him ? 
To be sure, her death might 1 
brought as great a change to him, 
and we will now only follow her 
fate. 

I • she happy in her new relations ? 
Is joy her duty, and love her law, 
now ? Can that ever be, after bioken 
vows and outi nor? " It is 

not in the bond." For a time she 
thinks herself happier iu all her more 
refined associations ; with leisure, 
books, servants all at her com 
and oted 

to her. He docs not introduce her 
into society, but lives remote 1; 
all bii races and former 

friends. This never trouble Ikt. 
Two people like these, who have 
closed or tried to tear out a cha; 
in thi lory, naturally shrink 

from having it recalled. They prefer 
to think thenisel. lent for 

each other, loi ■ the fu- 

ture— never to the past, if they 1 
i it. 
B it before a year is passed, Agnes 
begins to see that Vander'.yn is not 
so entirely devoted to her as 
would wish and he has at 
seemed. It is the first shadow of a 
,ly harbored, but 
renting upon her heart in spite of 



268 



"For Btttcr—for Worse.' 



herself. She tlocs not wish to see 
any difference in him, and tries 

to think ine&S which keeps 

him so often away from her. He 
says it is, and why not think so? 
why not believe him ? 

ut already dot the sky 
of her belief in I i nee they 

have arisen she can scarcely tell; 
but there the 1 threatening 

to increase, However, she 

'! too mu 
much, to foster anything now which 
r lifc-vcntnrc. l! , 
, where can she turn ? 
Itut after a while a little child is 
born — a boy to help divert bet 
thoughts from that other boy bearing 
another f -me. The mother 

he thinks of these 
having each t 

w. She had 

r first-born after her own 

g to 

fill Ins place l to call this one 

by the Mime name — George Rodney. 

11, however, playfully calls 

him Martin after himself, and, as the 

I grows, he learns to answer to 

that, an. I i -It ; i 

i as by the n tine \u. 
his mother has given him, and which 
she will never relinquish. 

So truly does the ptiTc instinct of 
motherhood -show lu:r the falsity of 

present position thai she often 

hers should not be 

ig at the a - for the two 

boys for whom she is mother. I ii 

that other boy she "Hen thinks 

, and of his sisters 
in ti grave; m< 

at fust, r hen \ and ■■. with 

, for his absences grow 
1 more frequent 

his, 

'.ins bored by the care 

andfouble it I I iby 

i in a hoi ully 

if ic as Agnes 



ing it almost all her time 

before in his jealousy of her love 

her children : 

p tbcesolfro 

Tl» ■ lie— « Up lo ' 

try : 
. . . My l«ot tivil bring* Ihee reU." 

Bat it does not bring her n 

fibers that ThJ 
dyke was a fonder and be:: 

i his successor; that his chili 
seemed at their birth and dui 

"•en 
wife and himself; that he alw, 
faithfully brought his hard-cai 
money to her. to spend or save 
as well as fur hin 
him this credit now, 
Vanderlyn, with his 
means, shows in many ways a c 

s of her comfort an: 
want ■. Tru« . she hai not n 
i. but small misgivings have 

pressed hei v yet 

to that. She has found that Van 
DOt the substantial business 
was at first led to belie 
had thought him a lawyer, ■■- 
is by Q : but, in real. 

an adventurer and a speculator, 
although often commanding mo 
easily, he has no real fortune, 
i. only a very fluctuating moo] 
ii is that worri • ad s 

him often away from hou. 
a time. He I 
■ 

luxur) 

dent upon him. J: 
be obliged to meet his hou 
tnd not always hai 
rjo so con He 

•: upon 
unnecessary expenditure, but 1 
not the courage to tell h 
of his affaii s. Then c« for 

his heart i 



"For Better— for Worse: 



269 



•bout her which would lead her to 
insist on plainer living and fewer ser- 
vants. She is not weakly self-indul- 
gent as he is. He is so unprincipled 
Jt heart that no tie, no obligation, 
an bind him when it once becomes 
irksome. He is a greater moral cow- 
aid than the woman he has per- 
Terted. And so at last, when her 
boy is about five years old, Agnes 
finds herself deserted. Martin Van- 
derlyn has gone to California, and 
left her with her household effects, 
and about one hundred dollars in 
money — that is all. 

She looks her fate steadily in the 
face. Young enough and strong 
enough yet for work, but with a help- 
less child upon her hands, what 
shall she do ? She sells promptly 
her furniture, books, pictures, and 
jewelry. For the last she has never 
cared, but Vanderlyn had lavished it 
°pon her during the days she was 
«*eking a divorce. Very rarely has 
*>e wom it. With the sum thus 
'aised, she can, for a time, pay her 
"Oard until she can find employment, 
a, *d she seeks the most retired house 
& **e can find for a refuge. 

In bitterness of spirit beyond any- 
^Vmg she has ever endured while the 
*pnest wife of John Thorndykc, 
now feels in almost over- 
ling force the folly of the 
she has pursued — almost over- 
ling, but not quite, for she still 
fieves herself to be Martin Vandcr- 
i% lawful wife. Bad as he has pro v- 
himself, she as yet has no doubt 
it he is her lawful husband, and 
', in her present abode, she calls her- 
*lf Mrs. Vanderlyn, with no thought 
;Init that she is so honestly, if not 
wisely. 

She has been in her new home ra- 
ther less than a week, when, pass- 
ing along the corridor, she meets, 
coming from a room near her own, 
two Sisters of Mercy, who have ap- 




/ 



parently just taken leave of an in- 
valid lady; at least, so she judges 
from the voice which copies through 
the open door, saying : 

" Good-by, and come again soon, 
Sisters," followed by a cough that 
to her experienced ear sounds like 
consumption. She has heard that 
cough in the night when she has 
been wakeful, and she hears it again 
many times this day. She thinks of 
the invalid often, with her old in- 
stinct of sympathy for the sick — a 
sympathy which of late years has not 
been much called forth in her retire- 
ment. The next day, coming in 
from her quest for employment, she 
meets on the porch a gentleman who, 
she feels almost sure, is a Catholic 
priest. He enters the house at the 
same time with herself, and, proceed- 
ing before her up the stairs, passes 
directly and quietly to the room oc- 
cupied by her sick neighbor. " She 
is a Catholic, then," says Agnes to 
herself; " but that does not matter. 
I wonder if I could do her any 
good ?" And she acknowledges to 
herself a very strong desire to sec 
her neighbor, and offer any service in 
her power. But she does not act at 
once. Her peculiar position makes her 
shrink from meeting strangers or form- 
ing acquaintances. Still, the cough 
strikes upon her ear appealing!) - , all 
the more that there conies no sound 
of any voices from the room, save 
when the priest or the Sisters of 
Mercy are there. She knows her 
neighbor must be alone, ami, she 
suspects, lonely also, for many hours. 
She resolves to go to see her, and 
take little George, thinking, in the 
fondness of her mother's heart, that 
his pretty ways may divert the sick 
woman. 

But who is she, and what is her 
name ? Agnes asks this of her land- 
lady the first time she finds that ever- 
busv ami worried woman alone. 



titer— for Worse" 






" The sick lsdy in the front room ? 
, perhaps 
,i relation." * And the landlady eyes 
keenly her <; her 

curiosity about both of her boarders 
now be gratified, as she slowly 
adds: "She is a Mrs. Vanderly 

Well ■ r:A(." 

Agnes feels herself trembling and 
aim us at the swift rush of 

conviction coming over her as to 
this Mrs. Vanderlyn is: The 
priest and the Sisters 01 
Martin Vanderiyn's wife was a Cathc 
lii i in baldly command her 

voice to ask : 

•1% she a widow?" 
■1 goes* so, but she hasn't s:n':! 
so," replied the landlady. M She has 
no friends, except them horrid spooks 
of i id that there sneakin' 

i do declare I'm ashamed to 
. comin' in and out o' my 
door — but y*u be'ent a Catholic, be 
you ?"* ihe says, in sudden a 
her burst of confidence has been n 
:ed. Agnes reassures her by 

'• Oh I no; I am not a Catl 
nnr is any of my family ; so I think 
this lady can be no relative, as my 
was never a Catholic." 
What makes her voice change as 
she shapes her reply in this evasive 
way ? It is not altogether the keen, 
eyes Of the landlady !;■ 

low. She 
can scarcely tell herself; but the 
sharpened sense ■ ition of 

some coming, die the 

nearness n Vandcrlyn's 

makes her feci lot the first time a 
sense of guilt in speaking of run 

Not that she says 
n to herself as yet that he ; 

. but the two wives — if 
this is his wife — isc prox- 

imity, impress itch as thr 

of the two living fathers of bet 
boys has done. It cannot seen 



her quite righl for herself to be 
tin Vanderlyo's wife, while the 
man in the next room is 
reality. As long as the divoi 
wife had seemed to belong to 
past — perhaps dead — it had not 
pressed Agnes so keenly as to be 
ing under the same roof with her; 

iCS feels all 
Still, her desire to sec her neigh 
is by no means lessened ; and it is 
idle curiosity, but a nobler feel 
which leads her to ask the land 
induce her. That person 
in the meantime, remarked : 

"The lady is a real lady, and 
she is a Catholic, I can't say an, 
agin her. I do hate to see 
beads, and crosses, and riggers, 
pictur* of folks with Saturn's 
on (heir heads, which she keeps 
her room ; but, if she gits any ram: 
from 'em, poor soul, why, I can't 

idge her that Onlj 
had mi ire light and some rtal 
gion, now that she's so near dyin'. 1 
do hate to see her sunl r.ess, 

without no light o pel. But 

talkin' to her, she n 

■i I wanted to 
. lister to 
pray with her, she said her spiritooal 
needs was already cared for by Fa- 
ther what's-his name, and she 
give me back that lovely tract al 
Goii 

a bit ' der- 

lyn, to talk to her. I | of 

'cm so set and superstitious they 
tan'/ experience religion or have any 
realitl 

Says t want to 

minister to her soul. Thai i 

I only thought she 
lonely, and I might do her some 
good in being a little compam 

some of the time, if nothing 
more." 

■ you might, and it's 
good of you to think of it. It'll i 



1 Btati Qui Lugrant.' 



271 



1 my mind to know 1 
her sometimes, M I 
r to go in and sit with her as 
11 as 1 think she may expect of 

*n«I the landlady, foUowi 
pics, taps at the do . Van- 

lyn's room. In a minute more, 



1 ds herself face to face with 
the invalid, wti 1 a large 

After 

some worth from the > . ex- 

. ing Agrw intention and 

f, that garrulous pel 

withdraws to her ] . lousehold 



TO ■■ CONCLUDED IK Oil* HEET *UX»E«. 



"BEATI Ql 1 LUCEANT," 

nou thi nun or xaui ;«k»a- 

Go; vainly in thy lur.i- : the Steel 

That pjeri es. i y sad estate, 

Thy silent fortitude; and for thy weal 
I pray thee meet thy fate. 

And weep before mc ! Cast thy burden down, 

relief 
In sotitud crown 

Oi lajestic grief. 

The hand of friendship may not put IS 

The hea-. 1 the fumr 

And on the threshold of an u 
Words seem to faint, and fail. 

But day; have passed, I come — nay— never start, 
Suffer my ; 

Pour thy full f faithful heart 

Wi all arc thi 

If trie re me to thy 

I won thine icy face, 

OIk I lings of : « pride, 

1 retrace. 

But I, iwn sorrow, and have earned 

its shrine, 
;t has learned, 

le — 

A secret that shall set thy soul aglow 

once iis holy mean 
And 1 . Ihfl woe 

That Ihut could he consoled. 



272 



in Baptist de Rossi and hit A r chad ' ri-s. 



JOHN' 



BAPTIST DE ROSSI AND 
WOI 



ARCII/EOLOGIO 



ma tkk mttou9c»>raUTtiCHi luinn, 



THE rains Jh.it lie by the banks of 
ihc ! 

a \>- : tlie power of the 

kin^r. of Babylon and Assyria, of 
civilization, religion, and mora] 
. of the ancient peoples o( 
nitric*, than the writings of 
historians. The obelisks and j 
. the ruined temples and 
columns covered with hici 

than Herodotus and Manctho. In 
like manner do the tombs and in- 
- in the catacombs bear wit- 
ness to the faith and morality, the 
ges and manner of living, of the 
early Chri 

The study of these catacombs has 
therefore a double aim : one dog- 
matii , the other historical. Coi 
ered from the latter standpoi 
the ile in the 

catacombs destroy the theories and 
appreciations of many 1 It 

tinguished 
I 
Ro; 

ige of the Chri 
to l>e rewritten." I 
guithed Alfred dc Remnant, on i 
So6 of tl imeof his II. 

p/the City ej "No one 

.iter than the author how 
lebted to the 
resear 
The 
its other glories, can i I of 

ring especially aided De Rosi 

ad on this 
account alone it i 
gratitude of all the il science, 



Piu* IX. has the Ofl 

of the " second Daraasi 

because he founded "The Archa 

ments of Rome," ami aided it 
pecuniary parti 

a lively 
sonal interest in all its under: 
i ;• zeal of Pins 11 Jc 

ible |>crsonfor the a 
ment of archreological lore. 
in fact, Rossi alone, as all nrknc 
ledge, made more progi 

redeccssors. Although 
been more than a quarter of a 

stiil a hal 
and if Piedmontcn- or re* 

yet make mo. 
did : 

Ross: I powers 

ration, un a icssai 

perseverance in iuvestig 
love of science, and vi 
He is well verv.il in all the 
ofliisfavoritcscienic — inarchaacl 

iography, history, sestl 
grap 

i 
inresl 

due 
irials. We know n 
i lore — the p 
try, or the log 1 

tal . 
disp!;i 

judgment in forming I 

drawing <:i*cqu 



Ji/hn Baptist de Rossi ami his 'gital Works. 273 



always prudent 11 

je rather than too mi 

because of 
critical acumen, h< lined 

ha; .ircliteolo- 

am At:. " We 

on every won! 

iwi builds 

makes no vague, 

reasonings. All is de 

■ind docum 

:: know tli 
more solid and convincing 
• the hard marble. 
I is true Rossi has n' : 
kalf cf his immen 

i what has been ptlbl 
can 1 that nothing so im- 

jppcared in the archwo- 
limc of 13 
g so vast from 

tological work 
• 
us. It was priiii 
ftl 

the cckbi 

: ways 
his first 
The • 

[55. 

I Scriptures is the 

iitroduccd 

full of 

■ 
much to the initiated, 
anchor, ship, the 

symbols of sub 

: important 
1 sunn symbols was the 

.ill through the works 



of the Fathers, . the 

old monument*. On the- 
sometimes the Greek word / \ ' ) / 2?, 
sometimes the painted, and some 
times the engi ;c of the ft 

is found. During the | the 

■•line of tile secret, especially dur- 
ing the first three centuries of the 

tcrics of 

Christianity were c 1 the 

ider the symbol of the 

The fish is the symbol of Jesus 
Chr: iVih 

century insinuate tl teure and 

ambiguous terms, while those of the 
IV'th and Vth centuries proclaim it 
II writes towards the 
end ai the IVtli century Bishop Op- 
• ■• The 6jh, ac- 
cording to its Greek ort'n 
• 

Latin arc- 
Jesus C/iristus Da Filial .' 
—J.. , Son of C our 

— ItjeoHi Xpurtoi 8 ■ •■ 
Sea esslj 

in.t, if you lake the first let 
of (hese live Greek words, and unite 
them together, you hat />. 

. which 1 
't. 
Some ccclei 
to com 

with the titer 

rutin 
>giesbetti '.turcnml 

I the horoi and 

works ot '. 

.> of ancient writer* on these 
points arc brought together in 
I eatise. Rossi him 
ucifully cv night of 

according to bis human nature. 1 
the figurative language of the church, 
the present hie i* CO a sea. 

• Pr II, e. 1. 

•i>. .»//. lift, nvlll.c. >>■ 



2/4 



John Baptist de Rossi and his Archaological Works. 



satulum legimus,* says 
Optatus Milevitnnus. Ambrose calls 
I the fish who swim through this 
life. N hen the divine Word beCMM 
man, he became a nth. a* we. Hence 
Gregory the Great wrote : " Christ 
cor. 1 to hide himself in the 

waters of human nature, in order to 
be captured by the angel of death." 

More frequently the fish is used 
as the symbol of the divine i 
Carta. The large iah caught by 
Tobias that he might have food for 
lice the iiver and gall to 
free Sara fruin devils, and tx I 
sight to his lather, was considered by 
the Fathers as a striking symbol of 
the divine Redeemer, who by the 
light of his doctrine cures the bl 
ness of ignorance, redeems the world 
from the power of demons, and I 
us with his body on lb. i route 

from earth to heaven. Therefore is 
rist symbol .r of truth 

in his church ; as Redeemer from the 
power of Satan by b.-.; 1 as 

uduuitt. 

Out of the maj ful and ex- 

ibolical representations 
of the intimate 00 I between 

•Christ ami his church, we shall se- 
lect only the two figures nnm! 

• and 105 in !.!•- 
the midst of a surging sea a (n 
rying on 

bol of the church. It is the 
divine Sx/Bvs, who Bg to his 

proi: : to his Tries 

rot of the 
wo:: ship is man 

rowers, the hierarchy of the chui 
Tin t of the 

ship is the Holy Ghost, repress.-' 
by ing on the top of 

! i order that do one may 
mistake the cene of 

Christ giving the keys to Petti 
painted in the foreground exactly as 

• "• We end everywhere ii«t :bll world li • 



our modeffi painters reprcscn 

In order to make this point i 

i ly, that the Holy Ghost is 

ing the bark of Peter, the words 

(jtyrofic) and //.' pot 

D ovet the pii-.ture. 

Man is born the child of c! 

I ii : Christ frees him from Si 

iw>wcr by baptism ; makes h 

child of God, > new man, awo/h 

Now, as Christ the Fish scatters 

his I in the baptismal 

died by the names of Aq 

Hum :!orium, and, mort 

qucntly during the time of the i 

pline of the secret, piscina, or 

pond. Therefore Bishop Oric 

iotc in the Vth ccn 

" The Gib, Inini in the water, is th 

thor of baptism." Therefore 

the oldest bapl mrorx 

lure i 
(Rossi, p. 3). 

In many of the monuments co 
■ Rossi, n on) 

we hi 

:>hytc is 

from ruin am! Satan 

is a trophy of ( 

• the word fish, as a 
j.|i ture idea 

With Christ i 

natit: :>1 to CO 

he j>agari 
fearfully 1 when 

that the Christians met tog 
at Stated times, slaughtered a < 

• fish became the :•;. 
:. This c 
the greater proprict 
banc, 
fish was 
eredade vcldomf 

on pagan monuments. Henci 
eat tht Jish, and to re 



t Mlnuimn l • 

*nm TrffA., t- io; A !htr.i[Mirx*, l.t{ ', 
Cii. 



roooj 

°" 

ts CO 
i A< 




John Baptist dt Rossi and his Archaological Works. 275 



1 became synonymous 
Pre- 
1 
(bod to bis Gi:- ! the 

•-•t enter into details, and 
. r the monu- 
Autun 

IjO, which has attiacted so much 

from the archaeologists. 

ith the words: 

y yivoS 

divine 

Ikthus, guard, 

you have received it, the im- 

untain of grace flowing from 

iae sources, lb the thy soul, my 

•1 the ever-flowing waters of 

i-giving wisdom. Receive the 

viourofthe saints; 

;d drrnk the Ikthus which thou 

I Ikthus, I 

prepared my hands, I long for 

Redeemer! 

1 may behold thee in I 

tnothrr; I ln^co : 

■ 

r, thou dearext to 

« the peace of the Ikthus 
kwl.tr thy son Pektoi 

■; beautifi I 
Iptkin which many 1 

of Marcus Aui 

B.al- 
sentences 1 c sac- 

use «i the Iktht 1 the 

phrase, 1 r of 

.1 esses 
tives, 
Ihey wou". 

-it monu 
my others collei I I 
I loly 

K7W- 



■liuiai 1 









meat by the early Christians. In 
others, it is equally clear that they 
considered it a sattifitt also. 

in one nf tiit.- oldest can l 
that of I ' 

sweet sacrifi- 

table, on which thtee loaves and 
one tying, On each side of 

the table are seven bask 
The meaning of the picture is | . 
The connection of the Ikthus with the 
bread is clearly shown. "The table 
represents the Christian altar. 
was usually a portable slab of m 

1 brazen rings, placed over ;i n 
t) r's -rave. 1 rted by little 

litis. But what i the 

Christian artist wi ■ by 

phi ule the bread 

the offering of the divine Ikthus on 
the altar? We hare, therefore, on 
the 1 lible presence 

of the 1! n-ii : on the 

other, the visible form of the b:> 
ami then the position of the mysteri- 
ous representation. The sacrifice is 
tbeu 

banquet ce this cl 

seven baskets filled with loaves snr» 

id the ncrifictal table. They 
represent the seven baskets which 
wcr. the remnants left 

after the attOO of t: 

in the vildemets — > miracle which 

. "* 
Dom «, has 

added to R" tany 

found in Gaul. I d Becker, 

in the ■''•■ •■•'/<•'', 

vol. Ixiii., p. 736 ti 
sine a remarkable at- 

on the "Symbol > 
under tin sor 

Jacob 1 me- 

i 

:.13I1 

disc 

r. Tit Amom c*t*rtmi;«mj 



276 John Baptist dt Rossi and his Archcrologual Works. 



It is angular that the symbol of 

i ontioued to he us:: I 

many Up I In the 

//<>. ibeSS 

en in the XII th century, 

i still preserved in the Strasbourg 

library, | m of 

of a small basket with a loaf an 
In a picture in the i 

; -ii whose blood :« represented 

.■ rates of limbo. 

Nor: celebrated 

in i < he churcb, « i i< 1 not 

pc the research of Rossi. Leon 

Rcniet ha* col in ■ work en- 

1 Roman J 'use rip turns of Al s 

iliahedat i' , i of 

those documents which caused ft 
ton: lis second grc.u work, 

Utter /■■> y. Jl. PUra, / 

( '■:■:.:: Ul i 

Carthage. Tl 

cunt as explaining the syra 

S3. The Chritl vari- 

reasons, were unwilling at first to 
among their 
Itm was the 
cntx of Apuleius, the : 
of Seneca, the asi- 

mumgiu supplutum of Cicero. 
icrcforc, did n ol 

of insult, 

to give SCI 

respect, 
ai well 

them to conceal their most i 
bol >f the progrc 

. I .... 

ivc find the truces Hiss'umttal 
thesymh 

ire of the crott, bc- 
i 

g also rccogn'ued 
as heathen symbols, excited no scan- 

or suspicion. Such I 
symbol*, or (nt«( tlistimuldht, are, 
| to Row, the Tju or 
crooked cross, the oblique or S. An- 



drew's cross, 

the monogram of Christ with all 
lies. 
Theolde gram is the sun] 

\, the first letter of Chr; 

! with I two togei 

standing for ItjaoDi Xpiai 
fore the time of Constantinc. the 
nogram was represented by th 
• Greek letters X and P, 
.otters of the . fCTl 

n of Con 
aent of the ci 
was aboil all that was ol 

in it removed, 
syml -■ more striking by 

introduction of a cioss-linc. In 
second half ol the IVth century, 
spite of the Julian persecution, 
symbol <>f the ci me 

it Hut when < 
since the time of Thcodosius 
Great, took possession of the lai 
and ordinances, and customs of 
cm | ore. the symbol became so c! 
thai all i rstand it 

: tlie end of the IVth ccn- 
. and in i . 
we find the simple figure of the cross 
on all public monuments, without 
any attempt to conceal it. 
The | 

it m> slon 1 in 
• of the remote pi 
I the city of Rome and its 
istaol 
provinces, the power of paga 

red to control the peoi 
earlier date than in I 

'ians 
to ra 

fear. This happen 
I M in Northern Africa, 

where the O powerful 

) early date. Rox»i, in the 
same work, ;. ...luable di 

nts and proofs to »hov. 
portant place which the symbol of 
the triangle should hold in archxolo- 



John Baptist tie Rossi and his Arckooiogital Works. 277 



w-al disquisitions, i recog- 

taeed srml 

noii custom 
main prejudiced modern wril 
peak of the "haired of the early 
Vistians for an." By dej 
owevcr. the bandage begins to fall 
1 t> and the tmth bc- 

t. To Rossi much cre- 
f:>r having 
roy ih The at 

lion of 1 Christians was 

to woi Ipture rather 

l to works of painting. And this 

were 
: the 
naked Aphrodites of th . 
reek and Roman . 

in which the woman docs 
1 the god 
■\s are coi 
:."• Some of 
also ki the Venus of 

*raxitc 1 he represent- 

lothcd, was copied 

: ryne. 

It is different with painting — after 

iisic and poetry, tlic most spiritual 

ig of light 

Indsb. the laws of perspec- 

:ulity 
to the mi, and an etliK.il 

appearance to the inanimate. Paint- 
rlic art of soul impressions, 
great, noble, and refined 
**> be better expressed on the can- 
Christian 
crcfore, naturally look to 
Hen> 
, we find the fi 
■ I 
•r"tte :e among 

theirs which wc meet. These pic- 
ram, . ial innocence, 
hnly worth, 
• , art mat : 
ected and publish- 
1 i36,j in large chromo-litho- 

i ir,-,!s- r tf Cm* n.ti. .< ri. \l *>. 



graphs in his work entitled tma 
Ik tltlla B. Verptu t>. 

The 1 1 of the M 

of God is fduml in the catai 
1 ilia. On account 

- of the Blessed Virj 
\cm, these have been called the 

no 
doubt that the of apos- 

ted with that 
nown both to Peter 
and Paul, the mother of the Sena- 
tor Pudens, and grandmother «f the 
holy virgins Praxedes and Pi . 
na. In the arch of the central < 

D< 
The Blessed \ irgiu hoi 
Jesus in her bosom; before her in the 
sky is the star whose light leads 
three n from the East to 

the divine Chifd. 

In another crypt is delineated the 
annunciation of the BngeL The 

iikc 
the ancient episcopal chairs; be 
bet ituodsthe archangel as a beantil 
ethereal youth, without wings, dressed 
in tunic and pallium, his right hand 
raised, and the index finger of it 
lied at the Virgin. In her face 
there is a look of surprise and holy, 
inal shyness. On the ceiling of 
another grave niche, in the very old- 
est part of the cats* m to the 
a of the we 
find ;rc of the 
and Child in the pure classic Stj 

ROB : OUS 

archaeological and 
merits, pli 

between I | the 1st 

ami the first half of the 1M century. 

The Blessed \'i 

manj ■ I cloak, 1. 

on her bead the veil usually worn by 

the man 

hangs the star of BettlU 

her : 

man, with a p i.antlc th: 



J7$ 



A Legend of S. Christopher. 



over his shoulders. In his left hand 
he holds a scroll, and with the right 
lie | lUf ami the V; 

and Child Me is Isaias die Prophet, 
ting out the favored Virgin, the 
branch of the root of J', 
was to conceive and bring forth the 
blessed 1 the K rL ' :it 

light which was to shine over Jerusa- 
lem. The beauty of the con>| 
tion; the grace and dignity of the 
figures; the swelling folds of the 
drapery ; and the correctne:. 

beauty of the >n, make 

this, although the oldest picture of 
the Madonna, one of the most strik- 
ing which we possess. The t 
Lcnormant did not hesitate to cam- 
it with Raphael's best produc- 

The picture of the Madonna in the 
second table o b ol more re- 

cent origin. In this picture, the 
Mother of God sits on a chair of 
honor, holding the divine Child in her 
lap. The three ki by ■ star, 

DC to meet her. It is from the 
cemeteiy of Doiuitilla. We omit the 



other pictures of the adoration 
magi in the other catacombs < 
HStUS, Cyriaca. 

The assertion of the G 
Basnagc, that the 
the Messed Virgin were not 
■ nt.il al 
Council i :., a.i>. 431 

to the ground in the face of 
documents. 

He has collected in his wo 
chief inscriptions to be met 1 
the catacombs, and has sui 
.ill his predecessors in the coi 
ncss of his information 

. Although, after the dis 
and investigation of the cat: 

by the celebrated Bono, ma 

the Jesuit I.upi, Marchi, and 
bad treated on them, and th 
lions of their contents to thee 
sciences and ecclesiastical ! 
none has 1 listing 

irdor, energy, a 
lent were alw.v. I by Uu 

libera] sympathy of ti 
Pontiff. 



A LEGEND OF S. CHRISTOPHER. 



Orrr.RO (the bearer), efl 
her, being proud Ol 
strength ami 

to serve — for he was poor— only the 

on earth. 

irdingly, he Searched far and 

near until at last he came to the 

court of a king who, as he was told, 

monarch on earth. 

1 OSero offered his services. 

I were gladly accepted, for his 

! the eye of 

king, who knew that no other 

it of such a servant. 

\Offero, supposing his master to be 



i of no one, was great 
: the kin; 
hie and cross himself, wi- 
the name of Satan was men 
" Why dost thou do so ?" he ii 

of the monarch. 

" Becau is very m 

replie ter, " and I atr 

• should overcome 1 
l must leave thee, fo 
serve only bun who is al'ra 
one," said Off* 

Again he commenced his 

in search of 

One day, on crossing a des- 



A, 

nist. 



red a horrible object with the 
power coning 
■ 
1 not in the least to startle 
ind with an air of authority 
died : m dost thou 

tan, " Offcro answered, " for 

: heard that I 

;n earth. I wish to have 

* my master."' 

am *<•," sand the other, 
shall be an easy one." 
u bowed low, and joined 



|S= 



pursued their way they 
i cross. No sooner 
titan's eyes perceived it, 
ncd»i ii fear and 

ok another road, so as to 
g ti. 

as not slow in noticing 
of alarm. " Why i 
lo so - 
fear i iade an- 

from it lest it should over- 
bore is one more powerful 
thou, and I shall leave thee 
With 
left Satan and went 
rdi of Cb 

er much toil and long wai 
he carr.c to a hermit, whi 
il bins where I 
l>c fix 
e holy man, seeing him thus 

pitied and taught 

■t is i: greatest] 

:n and on earth." he said, " for 

lower will endure throughout 

ui thou canst not serve 

•iposc great du- 

thcr, and he will require 

, not f. , M for 

weaken my strength, 

i me so good a servant" 

also must itinucd 



the hermit, taking no heed of the in- 
terruption. 

■ 1 bftve never prayed and will 
never do so. Such service is for 
weaklings, not for me," replied the 
giant. 

••Then." said the hermit, "dost 
thou know of a river whose waters 
arc wild and deep, and often swollen 
by rains, sweeping away in 
current many of those who would 
cross it ?" 

•• Yes, " said Offcro. 

•' l"hen go there and aid those 
who fight with its waves; cany the 

. and little ones across U] 
thy strong, broad shoulders. Thia 
is good work, and, if Christ wiil have 
thee i he wiil assure thee 

Off I to the tivcr, and on 

its banks built himself a hut. I 
and night be aided all who enmc, 
earn der», 

and never wearying in assisting t : 
across the river. A palm-tree 
his stafT, which he had pulled in the 
fore; .as well suited to 

his great strength and height. 

One Bight, when rating in his hut, 
be heard a voice like that of a weak 
child, and it said : " Offcro, wilt thou 
carry rue ?" 

Me rose quickly and went out, 
but, -'.'■"' Ii U he would, he CO 
find no one; and he re-entered 
dwelling; but presently the voice 
called eg -ro, wile thou carry 

me ?" A tan h proved fruit- 

less. At the third call he rose again, 
taking with him a lantern. He 

at I— st round a cl 
"Offcro, Offcro, cany this 

nigbl 

He lifted hi 'ii ap and beg IB cross- 
Immediately the 
1 commenced to blow, rj 
rose high, and the roar of the w 

sounded like thunder. The i 
also began 10 increase in weight, 



280 



locations. 



grew more heavy upon his shoul- 
ders, and Offero feared that he 
a; but, willi the aid of In:. 
staff, lie kept himself up, and at last 
succeeded in reaching the opposite 
shore. Then bavc 

I <v.rrir<! ? Had it been ! 

■Odd, it could not have been heavier." 

Then the child replied: 
mhosn thou desircst to serve, and I 
accepted thec. Thou hast not 
only carried the world, but Aim who 
made it, upon iliy shoulders. As a 
sign of my power and my apjjroba- 
tion of thee, liv thy staff in the earth, 
and it shall grow and bear fruit" 

( >ff« ro did so, and soon it was cov- 

. leave;, ami iruit. Hut the 

won me. The:. 

fero knew that it was Christ whom he 

carried, sod be fell down and 

worshipped him. 



Thenceforth he called himself ( 
topher, served 

holding fast to his new 
through all kinds of tortures and 
ferings. 

Uagnus of Lycia, after has 
thrown him into pi 
ceeding in turning him from 

tnded that he 
cutcd. 

Arrived at the place of cxecutic 
he knelt down and prayed that ! 
who saw him and I :i Ch 

should be delivered from eartliqu 
fire, and tempest. It was I 
that his prayers were heard, and 1 
all who look upon the figure 
ChriStOphet arc safe, lor that 
from iijuake, flo 

and fire. The siyht of it is bcli 
cd also to imparl strength to thei 
and wear}'. 




NEW i'UISI.ICATIONS. 



■01 tr. New York . The Ca- 

tholic Publication Sim 
m O% i Friends" appear to be 

[irOBI the strong sinapisms 

of Dr. Marshall. A) 

:i pain, from c< I 

id moans 
ir.i y.mr 

I li. : .:nd 

i anothei bll 
1 1:- 1 lei i - too deep!] ii at 

r tO .ii!"" ill .my Bill 

•>illl 

., <t of fancying I 

: Catholic 
thai less 

plen: ifuscd with ridicule. Cbunk 

Dtfi* .i in iii ridicule, liko 

the ' :ilvj 

perfectly gcnid | 'vie, 

ami as oterwhclcnint; '" argument as an 
essay bj Dr. N who have 



laughed nvri tlie flparkling pages of |W 
classic Ccmriiy, will enjoy another laugh 
over this new drama, and those who hare 
been thrown into a rage by Afy CUrital 
J : iienJs will beat a loss (or epithets where, 
with to give vent to their pent-up I 
when ii this new amicable dis- 

cussion, which tli' i must do, in 

rosettes. I ids and 

would-ljL- Cull. il: u well 

- iatigb- 
Yom liltl 

II lusitiess to be trying 

hi i In 1 1 pool girls who arc entrapped by 

your counterfeit Sisters, by pretending 

i Iii i vou arc Catholic priests and can 

civ.- ihiui taenia* nt*. Something else is 

i besides acolytes and nico'.ytes, 

and hi/h celebrations, mimicry 

I dress, and hixh collars 

or Ugh altars. You arc outdone even in 

counterfeiting Catholicity br the little 



AVar Publications. 



281 



leek u I e hapcl, where thi 

1 uu please. 

new for the amusement of 
ill on the 
■lie farce ! 

1 i. wd Ani;i:la. By 
[Gasrad run liolauJen. New Vork 
IV Catholic Publication So 

Tic second of these novelettes 
I copula: wilier of fiction among the 
..rrcrny is really a charm- 
[Story. The character of "Angel 
v well drawn, and 1 

. in the three 
1 are so full of moral and 
as maiden, bride, and mis- 
ton oJ • lold. The first one 
% very icaling willi incidents 
[1*6 scenes which are not • 
I ••fortunately equally teal. 
I reprints from Uk 

r.<'_ : thctn. and 

[•• fcebt be glad to got thcrn in -> 

national. Those who have not read them 

mil did them not onljr entertaining rod- 

«t-tut full of thought and instruction on 

arrant and practical topics of 

life. 

VtKAKD. Martyr 
»» Toaquln ; or. What Love Can Do. 
linilaieJ by Lady Herbctt. 

1 olio Publication So- 

i me. Mart. 
b»d by L- i. Nr« "i 

TVr 1 

from 
for tbc 

. 

ad and 
iroti from the beg! 
cannot help feeling 

I it sent forth came 
colored people of our 

be better calculated to 

6 terror of the aspirant to the 

ihan the example of these 

Oian heroes srorihy of 

of tbe church— worthy. 

okl. of the XlXtb century ; 

an .1,;? 1l1.1t required 

CM r.i purpose and Co. 



to the tmth than Ifell 

confessors • 

large an army Bl I ■ olbc 

side of the globe Dm 

torture of he* 

than that of the cangoe. 

The lives of the too 1 
fore us le-jrcc. 

Every < . them, 

if not to fully emulate- 
which all hare nut the !.. 
called, at leas: to catch something 
unworldliness. and burning 

:ed from their very childhood 

J. we with evert body could read 

. Uit then; rould be no better proof 

icncc* of the Catholic re- 

n upon the young heart. We linger 

with admiration over the account of their 

hood overshadowed by their future 

thread runs 

-one constant 

ilie wish tf> aria souls to Christ, and 

■ e martyr's crown. And 

this ll 1 martyrdom was no 

mere youthful enthusiasm, as was proved 

when tbeir lifelong prayer was granted. 

I5;it anM all the scif-dcni.il with which 

they Jilted themselves for tbeir glorious 

their character is 

an the tender affection— 

y human love — apparent 

in then intercourse with their .'am 

1 religion had reined every fibre of 
their beans, and made them more keenly 
susceptible of lore, of suffering, and 1 
devotion to the service of Cod. The 
never allowed earthly affection 
ever, to come h: . • -! the 

great aim in life. What angels of the 
sanctuary they were while 1 I 
the sublime functions ol • ■■■■ail 

What a lofty concc;-' I "'■ the 

sacrament of holy order* that consecra- 
ted them to a 1; 

they en'- life that 

promised them the fail 

■• Picpninl tor • 
W~bo Kit tbe martyr's dlsdra." 

"Sfuffrirfeur Dint— To suffer for God 
HI henceforth " 

lor ever. I - itft 

JJinifii Elntn to 

■trangthon Old 

1 

the tiinrks of tbi: Lot 
proii 

. 11.11 of Marl; .ihlcbaro 



282 



Ntxv Publications. 



ranged the relic* of those who hare 

i China, Japan, and 
■-les of the sea. together with the in 
Mtunicat* of theli martyrdom— an appal- 
ling shrine at which to pray! Ami 
whole room Is crimsoned with the light 
: ted through the red hangings — sig. 
nl&cant of blood and suffering. . . 

th« sacred articles in this hall 
it the blood-stained cmcihx of Bishop 
.. uh.se Interesting life has been 
wiilteu by the ReT. F. Hcsrit. 

One of the most affecting scenes I 
ted in these books is when a band of 
marie* is about to leave for their 
field of labor. On the cte of their depar- 
ture, the young apostles all stand before 
us ready tor the gloi 
nod one by one the loved 
anions and friends they are to leave 
ip to prostrate themselves. 
i lie feet of these heralds of sal- 
hole congregation mean, 
while chanting : Qa.ti tptdaajtolei mm> 
*. twangdusmtimm Anm/ 
—How beautiful arc the feet of them who 
preach the Gospel of peace, of ibem that 

::gS Of gOOd ill. IIS' ! 

sard went to labor in Tonquin. 
Wli. • to that coun- 

try — a Dominican tnar— landed there in 
!$•/>. he found a g real cross on that un- 
.vn shore, which seemed to prefigure 
what awaited those who should attempt 
to evangelise it. And to see how truly. 
we need go no further luck III 
when. In the course of nine months, six- 
teen thousand Christians weie martyred 
in only two provinces of Armra, and 
taenii thousand condemned to perpetual 

sUveii. This m the >• h M. 

Vciiard was martyred. The letter he 
■-- bis beloved sister In his cage at 
midnight on the eve of his martyrdom 
has ktn Itjllod by an eminent French- 
man " one of the most beautiful pages 
of the history of the martyrs of the XlXth 

Henry Doric was sent to Corea — the 
name of which is symbolical to the 
ittUn ear of persecution and mam-t- 
ine whole history of the church 
hat country to written in Wood. Its 
- lonarlcs irere all martyr*, iis 
I bishop, its tirst COIrVettl In one 
it — 1839— over eight bu red I 

ngcr 
nun ■ ,. un- 

it Dorii had I 




labors were ended, to win the pal 
prayer was not denied hint. 
It is thus the sufferings of C 
I crpeluated in some mcra.be 
body in various pans of tbi 
should all have a share in this g 
rificc of atonement, according 
measure of our calling, ii 
labors, at least by 
and contributions. England Is 
u[i the foreign : il 
Ann-ik-a, Mm, Sttocld have I: 
Such I work would react on oil 

. and develop a eel 
,:'"'•• would conv 

1 illy in promoting every eoc. 
M, As Archbishop 
» because we have 11c 
mean* at home that I am 
J to send both men ai 
exact proportion as 
give what w« have freely rceef 
«kl M imrne prosper, and 
and 1: I our priests be 

The Mos'ky God ; or. The Em 

the Papacy. A Tal. 

tury. By M. A. Quinton. Isa 

Kelly. Pict & Co. 1 

Tit Emfiit anJ tit /'.»/.». >•— a 
fresh in these days, 

markablc Ii 
realized that their authority could 
i-i in Rome with that of the pope, 

a became 
nunc apparent. The influence of 
gradually widened, and so a 

m-Ii .»v 10 oveni tdow the very 

1.1 tin- ■ -iself. It excited 

he would . 
.1 m.iI springing up to com 
:<■ ili.m of the election of a ■ 
Home. How notoriously 

•1, Ii V.' 

dread of this n ■ raj itertoiM po 
led so man i-mpcrora 

• •Ives, is lit •- their 

Thou 1 : 

lied lin 11-. ■ U iiiyti!- 

one emperor liom the time of Hell 

'no was killed 
:iin ilhei mingled In Cartfa 

iih killed 
ning beyond the Tigris; not one 

more than I 
:i hall 1 .1 clsewhr." 

ihcmaelve* In the cap 



New Publications. 



*83 



felt more and more lb«ir moral 
i Use nidM of the Roman pco- 
:let.-an vent w Romg 10 be I 

■:1 10 Ni- 
Maximian mi made 
nd a 

illsh him- 
lei 

ject, after 
c\ 'inios, was lr> 

Mne and fount! 

roc girdle could no* enclose both 
troraod the poi > 

nstaotine p me to 

h vas thai 

•ore klog. 
Ighl,** should I* free. 
never been COM 
lace. 

it before us. Ihe contrasting 
'theem 
in ihe hiMory »t iwo 

stolen (torn Ibcit iimiIi 
'd at Rome a> slave*. Sep. 
n their childboc ■■• iden- 

hetroit ; Ihe other save himself 
PluluS, tho " Money 

■be sake < 
hands tlii* book 
i early history i> 
ad btt'ti somewhat rciied. It 
a strunj: i 
violent, passionate courtesan 
tabducd and I 
loally becomes. A rnofessor 

a lift 

.1 the 
go of an. 
i loping her 
nd thereby giving lier 
iut tlie humblest 
. We 
. of the Fa- 
me. 10 realiie 

it* when her soul was 
nd became 
The Aiti 
before us some 
• i womanhood. 
i In their unalterable 
ccutton.exam- 
i i llie booL 
Indebted «o greatly to the 
- oman became lis ef- 
fv.: learn Iro.-n Am. 



inus that the first popes 
Bjr supported by the offerings 
of the Roman matrons. Their devotion 
to the service of the chu: 
from the jealous exclamation of 

as a usutpati" 
pout: ifcOM Clllll 

I the main 
■.ili- Ol ihl I ■ 
great toflhoaii' 

i- a» 
veil as the carl;. n writers. 

Titr " 

Pub- 
lii.. 1 

The in . : ji r i r> • 

cipal one. rich 

■ad fomtm ■ '& Amor. 

-it 
mar bn hi 

lit hero, N< ex- 

act!) 'i i i ' I erica" 

ic popular In 

i nrllgtoa 
may be a surprise to some renin - 

of •• I 

id nor ofler an it bio 

in life. Tin iceoes 
of the story shift from the backwoods to 
New Oil tans, from New Orleans lo 
Mexico. There is plenty of fresh air. of 
sea and sky, pleasant bits of Mexican 
seen ■ .1-. of Moait "i ; i i ; there 

ate ■ 
'• Inutility " with live Indians >"t of 

.mil though i" U BDPfWi niiuus 

i in 
■MO is a pleasant and harmless 
lore-plot : 

—.no likely to 
■•-.'.. iv ' !n.! :.. 
of other things more congenial to i 
sanj." HO* scattered throughout 

Ihe book, while the tone is thoroughly 
irom beginning lo end. The 
second story of the volume—" The I 
Sister nl the Poor' Li>n- 

Ihe French, of a Huh 
hoachbstCk, who, finding her deformity 
i an obstacle to her walking pleas, 
anily In ihe ways of this world, ud thel 
even a dowrr of 10.000 francs did 

to smooth it down, final I 
away in religion, and becomes "a little 
lory would be very c 
lag only that it may tend to strengl 
the stupid Idea so prcralent among uon- 



2?4 



.Vrtf Publications. 



Cat! ;be nun** habit it a good 

coreiing 

thai a CM - 

-s who can " do no better": label 

God Ctttfc Mt fl :r he wills. 

iro::. i(| the tame at 

ii anywhere eltr, wilti the exception 
that they have devoted their lites n 
It to God's service. !n hit late story — 
—Uncle Paul hat struck 
upon a rein which might be worked with 
as much (iicitit at interest. It is .1 short, 
•d 100 th' of a thing thai 

a few jreart back was of very common 
occurrence in 1 Ml*. An Irish 

emigrant girl finds liertelf suddenly be- 
reft of her parents, and placed in the 
keeping of a Protctiant family. The au- 
thor bu made her position superior to 
of the generality of her sisters under 
: .1 circumstances ; the it a ward ra- 
ther than a servant, and among friends 
rather than enemies to her race and faith, 
But even so, she finds herself, you rig .ml 
Hess, placed amid the thousand 
difficulties o! I' surround 

Her triumph over them is ling- 

ly told. The h siory 

might be worked to raucbgrcji. I Ivan 
lage ; and liic tracing up some of those 
poor children who were snatched away 
and buried among heiclic.il families, 
which, even if acting with Ihc very bett 
die icligion of 
itnetirlng thry wi-n- hound 
to abolish, would fOIBI a Mdly i nii-rest- 
iog story. I I lake in 

b "l "tir recent Catholic fa 
this country. 

Wiin TtXH A I'.ilr i,( (be I) JV t of 
0„ iM.Cid. 

dull. Mew York : the Catholic Pub- 

.1 oca .ind handtomc edition 
b iu |h 11 came out 

tome years back In London, is probably 

unJeaoa n !■■ 1 ry many ij\ oat 

in- i)( thote bocks winch Ca- 
in need of to adorn 
and grace their, to a certain extant, 
cumbersome literature. Mis-- 
has been foitunatc in her choice of I 
7VW/. and Wild Timn h 11 01 In- 

nate in Mm CaddelL Tha period of the 

Ol ti>- 
•!isll 

:cd In 1" 

((?»• ttt/ttkm.wi Tin CmJi. 



tint*/ Ci/t./.vj under y^m.- 

i-atli 

fulness of knowledge which 

make ua acquaint 

cics and eommc . 

larly ' oil 

as we arc with llic hum 

CaJdell's '.lly ill 

of one oJthe very few n. 
lie families who stood :. 
that daik hour, and who, for the 

• of being true to their G 
according to law. false to their 
and country. The > 

voung brothers, Sir Hugh a 
d*e Glentborne, the latter . 
rated on the Continent, an 

lb to the work of 
which at that time mean! 
the former a fiery, hi, : 

c hot blood a 
:ions cannot tun tamely 
I groove set him by the •• 
cause he happens to be .. 
who, when the hour of tiial com* 
in the balance, it net 
ng. Around these two, w 
cbarmiag liste! Amy. the plot 
and the tracing of their : 

' lUDea makes a moil bea 
1 • tale. There are pi 
In Ihc book : Ii: 
Hugh'* l> ind 

lover of Amy, both Protestants, 

lome vt-ty skilfully con 
ed complications; and the prond 
oi the itiii terrible fail 

pride, art gtveo with what the 
thor may allow to be called a 
bend. There Is alma weird gip 
IC, who turns out eventual 
something quite different, n 
drawn, whll c dc 

mischievous Utile imp, "1 
touch ingly told. If not more so 
Of Little Paul Dorahcy. To 
lot of the story further ihao 
I be to d. 
WiU Tfmti of half the pleasu 
>> skilfully woven 1I1 

i :■•■ the eery last line 
lea uniil ibe 

c ii,.:> is in disclose it. T.i 
the pui asionally r. 

■ 
llieaa at wearisome as ton 

cannot fal 

The lov 



Publications. 



28$ 



■ad 

■■\\f in 
ic sen*c <A those words 

1 1 curled on bcluxcn C.V 
il iIj.ii 

•!.! <lf 

icplcted seems a 
lural thing in those wild times ; 
ne has lUe hope all through that 
lore mil blend with a fa 
laal change effected in the : 
iracte i by the chastcn- 

:h at 
i fear for him, but 
strength o( cbar- 
heroisrn of a Sebasl 

..nd oncon- 

lingthc wri- 

tubers »e«-i:iK in tl»i« stvlc of 

rbco: larrels with 

Wng dogmatic 

. nded 
.« it' 

'■ bad only 

II leu 

I 

.f the band who form 
md v of Queen 1 

iToluniarf 
»Dd? And ilicv ; 
n.swrer. Srili, a notice is not 
I bowercr one may 

:l( DO 

; 

;nd death, 

iin< and 

i.-hest 

:f and 
lerbrrt. 

urn-book tor schools, a 



WO, The 

ten ilie spirit. 
They .u ■ 

in the in. -ulj 

be ehoseo, thai Iran. 

A g!' ! (|l« 

BUthOI tire 

should not forget ihi 
pondcrating clement of in. ifn- 

Slucnce on their par 
in the tight dh -. if 

guided in that direction by the teai 
may become of the utmost import:.; 
It in i v cirilbM many a half-saTagc unfor- 
tuoal ins dead even to the 

i urn 

■■ninjj the mind inlhcno 

t.iscd on spirit- 

icy a 

Chan ivcr- 

abils of half a cen> 

iinv. In /,:■• '/ 7 .-.■•.•.•■:■. m a diunkard's 

worth 'li'- 

■ t ask for 

■ 

. thy home' nove 

than id thy so-jl ? / 

' wittingly 
i thou not 1 1 
ibc drink, moi 

And if i . in 

I 

Cod I 

•Miner. P«(el awake*. »i 

. 
" cxacnlning the handle [of the dooi 1 
an attention worthy of an iiual 

'.:." Pent taut'.! it in 
cd at it for 

almost reverently, gnre i: 10 Mlk« and 
clumped down-staiis. " Pool Koran 
hoped he had not got JtUrimm 
It was a Ions I 
back ; when he did. ii was L. 
ram, itlng with 

eatal I on Mi kfiei 

bis wlfa and beg 

charmingly abrupt and natutal u-ay. 
when Notah recovers from a faintin 



286 



Publications. 



it and happy again. 
■ ■ i l| ii ihil. wl.cn t!ic A. 

i.g side by side, 
| '-as. and the baby 0:1 Ins knee, 

a Hick o! rhubarb ih 

i-tery oik to smell every live 

A ii. I wi: .1 i « the end I A 

!-r,»nd a hopeful example 

r« honestly trying to 

fotli ■•• lOtsicps. "In the whole 

'i there is not a cleaner house, better 

children, or ■ bipplerwlfii than Peter's. 

. . . lie collects the subscriptions for 

the schools, likes the money in church, 

carries the big banner at procession*, 

and seems to do the work of half a doxen 

mcr. i one. ... Is there a 

to reclaim, Peter is the man 

to take inm in hand, depend upon It. It 

there a drunkard's widow struggling with 

Ii- i little ones alone, Pescr mil help her 

and put bet in a way to get her living 

... dbuki Cud (or all things, 

means of 

II, more than all, he thanks 

h, and for a journt-y 

he Ii be never speaks, on 

A S. Peter and S. Paul." 

Of ihe "other tales." we much prefer 

',''■:■ Ill of 

had com are here depicted, 

os which human rc- 
In the pitfa of >oung and 
nanlmcsi and true 
idlers 
eld to such 
ler of Sii.i : 
and the hltlcTjp ol 
COOv 'me. A lei 

ig from It. 

For instance, the Catholic carpenter says 

People talk so much about 

oar id candles that really one 

nk they was a great part of our 

old lesson of the example of con-, 
verts (s also well put forward. Tin- 

.•iuction to an tartli- 
.-, In the shape of a snug Utile 
. • house hidden by roses, jas- 
min .... a dear, 
large, old-fashtoncd garden, v.n. 

Ill currant and 
id us bed of flov. 
ncrcr thinking, as grand 

thiol 

iiink 
•iiple 
belitrtd ibia i : !■> b« lb 



crilable reward of virtue, they 

mediately hecoi. 

being discontented and 

Id, at any rate. And if thi 
life was the ending to v i. 
carpenters who spent their early 
\y had a chance of attain 
then, we should be much freer il 
are from irades-unlon strikes an 

. lorti " I !■ 
Holiday " is ibe I full of 

Interest an . 
the linle croup b) >rqf 

.fu.'nrii. 

mliery "i which j. i. ii 

fuii. hm 

•s. .unl III 

set be: lie, an 

Ihe 

Cod and referent n 

lad days i il 

ill ■!'.■ lulil, hi 
behalf of her father especially. 

: which ; |tfen 

in ib« lilt 

! MttialUm 
U falh 
'lould do no discredi 
kind rccommunder. 'Only thi 
ooDlini 
■ 
..- where i 

■ IBM fl II Ii Bni I »Ct 
and | : M hole tii 

the next morning a young | 
see me, »nd brought me a so 
illcmin ba 
bun ilia: rerj day i" K' ve to his n 

Host 
A SumtW lie Plains a 

■ ' l 

• 

c fourth eii 
lent book, which is now published 
uion Society. 
i this book 

" ary, I 
Iterate wbal wo then sal 

•' Tli. b iut cnoiiRk fcet to 

. ctntiy solid, a jci^it J;»l of U 



ill. ■ lati h«t>.S. The 

.t i!i»a 
incnpu »r>J pi 
Burs, wrdain lo*. The dentil*- 

,,-tCllcil 

I manner, !»• 

ctlon uiMU 
uotlcr vfi- : in.i.U- 11. Ttic 



nit ibink we Uc tXose 
c«Unl 
* ^celil Merest 10 lie olil Pullet 



i 
or tiik bllXH I 

AT PlIllA- 

rmi 1 1 

> !)CC Of 

try. ate i 

. 
purposes and Rovctni/.r 
fellow:.! .! ihc othi-is 

* of mutual beneat. Tlie Rc- 
:.«c men i 

rath, 
a society 

ppo: 
eoBM J 

II ll !■! 

jod ■ .11 mIiiv io the 

treasurer. Any member 
home i; 
e»CTHin? ins in. 
ucknoi, u cotitlcs ! 

i filiated society what- 

own iroald civ bin, and in 

nililuic of the 

.,-grild 

.1 home, i 

i rrfgnuV 1 by Ifad locioty 

■ 



I nurot-r of socwi 



four years extended itself in t-. 
lion; socnctuiKt creating new sckii 
sometime* affiliating old 01 aoru 

Itiog 
die wair.K :! ii 

not too much k> 

one ol MaitOM <A 

tbccoanu . tlw 

•uil 
•one 

qnev. 

expri iqiI without i i 

Among other ll e noticed 

measures were instituted looking to the 
settlement of Imtniflrani-- ildc 

.. and to ; 

:i transit A full and minute 
account was rendered of the i< 

■i the common fund, and 
expression frankly and powerfully given 
to the unanimous sentiment oi i 
tics with regard to Catholic education, 
and CM Father in 

his present distress. There was no evi- 
dent 
on t'i 
ed to negoiuMi foi the Mtie ittlon ot the 

bcm.li nig 

other I 

'.Igent 
nad u I tbe 

the 
Ale 

• ice 

from the Pope down ■ 

stan; 
men i 

: exhibited great' I 
>in»r it. Siic't i'. 
•i« liost support whi neb 

.r>d sccorii 
fore i 

I . ! I 

.idi should not be 

the i 

the best ; 

: ... 

poor man and Itia'-i 



2S? 



Publicntioni. 



from iranl in case o" 'lent 

at home 01 among «tnn|{M ; ii will give 
the priest and the educated layman an 
audience outside the chun 
eacy of Catholic public tights : II 
least once a ■. will 

exhibit to liic A moot 

Milking BUnaa :y. the charily. 

the patriotism, and ilic power of the 
Catholic people of thi ■ 

Tnr II A 

true- inbcliotvpc, 

lion the original pen-and-ink draw. 

: icr with Noies from a diary 

kept during a three month*' residence in 

Ammergau. in the sum:*. 

I Greatorcx. Munich : 
Published by Jos. Albert, photographer 
. h and St. Peters- 
Putnam. 
ik* have been published 
:').r>ut Ober-Ammergau and ha Passion- 
1 lis one is r.at. however, a mere 
irp. I :lacir substance under a 

It is altogether difi 
ind, therefore, a really new 
a* well ■ 

The acci ::. ..uthor dors not oc 

f her page* with an account of the 
pla> IBIO the homes 

of the i'.ioiv and among the scenes 
of thai picturesque German village. 
Thou 

is fall of kindliness, trnpadi 
verencc. and we have read her truly ex- 
I'tr.ival oi and 

most Christian life 

nnts of Arnrocrgau sjrilh ; n I ad- 

miration. The etching* 1 -ty!e 

of tl. II >t art. 'I 

:>cen honored b> 
from tiit- King of Bavaria, who, in npitc 
i a man o: : 
i in the fete uts, an I 
ver\ eptlon at the private au- 

dience wliieh was giantcd to her by the 

I this 
■ ' 
lovers .»: an. • moot geaotao. 

ig [.hates of natute 
and of Cattioll I <te to be 

found In l is SO 

full As 

the edition .n the hariiUof the New York 
pitbiiaacf is a small one, those who dc- 



10 procure a copy WW 

If il f 

Fiuula. Baltimore: Kelly, Pie 

HALL. Tut R: 
Miim. Dramas for young 
Xcw Vol 

in Soclely. 

thcMi a wliimsit 

.- diSCQBt 
own d I hrl 

and 01 "se of orery oth 

is amusing. To erery rx 
thorn, and while some 
potion in position those luxurii 
the latter care nothing for, 
are often constrained to envy the 
of those on a lower level. 
is truer than the adage, that /A 
i It tkt tmrJtn. 

: or. Tnr. 
B, Historical Drama In 
York : The Catholic P 

Tin- foil ten from 

ifk, is a synopsis 
Utile play 

nil uncle, who 
a written evidence of the boy's d 
then seixes upon his property. 1 
I'Epto, Director of the D 
to Paris, finds lb 
•ctlng 
to DO blond, he bestow 

:in the helpless dcaf-mut 
eight years, creates his soul ai 

: • meantlm* 
■ml out the place of his birth 

axe the Abbe travels with 

tfrgft over a groat part of Fra 

ve-i at Toulouse, w 

• .:-jng man rceoznlies as the 

: alts t 

lawyei Frnuval, > Mend of 

u-lio ii lli' uncle 

mom rafatoi i • recognize hi 
died upon 
JttUu 

threatened cxp i 
So the BU uled ami 

Julius grams to St- Aline, hi 
playmate, half of Ml estate. 




'** ^""**. 



or tk« 



^EW-YORK a. 



THE 



CATHOLIC WORLD. 



VOL. XVII., No. 99.— JUNE, 1873. 



JEROME SAVONAROLA. 



"No breath of calumny ever attainted the personal purity of Savonarola."— Htnrj Hart Milman, 

tmtfS.nmt: 



• f/S. 

The bright and shining fame of 

Girokmo Savonarola, the m^n upon 

•bom, in the XVth century, the 

•oodering attention of the whole 
civilized world was admiringly fixed, 
feu during the XVIIIth century into 
oblivion or contempt — a not uncom- 
mon fate in that period for religious 
reputations and religious works. 
The generally received opinion con- 
cerning him was that of the sceptic 
Bijrle, who, with show of impartiality 
ttd phrase of fairness ('Opinion is 
divided as to whether he was an hon- 
est man or a hypocrite'), but with 
cold and cruel cynicism, covered 
the unhappy Dominican with his 
(harpest and most pungent sarcasm, 
leaving the reader to infer that he 
•as a mean impostor, who most prob- 
ably deserved the martyrdom he suf- 
fered. 

In our own day, Dean Milman, 
of the Established Church of Eng- 
land, asks: 

btarad accordac to Act of Congrej*, In the year 1873. by Rev. I. T. Hecks*, la the Office of 
the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



" Was he a hypocritical impostor, self- 
deluded fanatic, holy, single-minded 
Christian preacher, heaven-commissioned 
prophet, wonder-working saint? Mar- 
tyr, only wanting the canonization which 
was his due? Was he the turbulent, 
priestly demagogue, who desecrated his 
holy office by plunging into the intrigue 
and strife of civic politics, or a courage- 
ous and enlightened lover of liberty?" 

And — unkindest cut of all — punish- 
ment transcending in degree the 
worst faults and most terrible crimes 
of which he has been unjustly ac- 
cused by his most cruel enemies — 
modern German Protestantism has 
placed him in bronze effigy in com- 
pany with the bigamous Landgrave 
Philip of Hesse, and with Prince 
Frederick of Saxony, on the monu- 
ment at Worms, as one of the prede- 
cessors and helpers of Luther. The 
ascetic Savonarola the acolyte of the 
beery Monk of Wittenberg! The 
chaste Dominican the inferior of the 
sensual Reformer ! The ecclesiastic 



200 



Jerome Savouarola. 



who, in the flower of his manhood 
and the fulness of his intellect, made 
the i ■ >ii of Cai 

lie faith • in which he livcxJ ud died, 

.rch- 

herein 

the judgment of 
this i onccrnc<! u of 

the degradation of Wi 

ICClIcd a!: 
Savonarola.' 

. in 145a (Sept tt), vu die son 

ther Helen was of (h. 

.,- of Mantua, and mal 

grai ;i of 

olas, 
■ 

■ and .1 petition, to 

B to Ft: "Uth 

was scrii 
the ibstc; 

others, Im charsi ' ped 

favo. VI the • 

went to the i 

-■nded tlui 
ild complete the usual studies 
nccc his becoming a ph 

■ 

1 sees 

itrc- : but little 

; ; a 
of one hundred Ui 
sand inh 1 obsessing one 

the 1 u! Italy, 

ig the frequent passage of 

bate 

gare constant occasion for 

I 



■ 



tan e: 

i-'tUl, *a ego b:c- 
u-.um lis 

boat o-,r.,-::iin I 
If M*4 *•, • 



111 L 



pageants, processions, and 
The young Jerome, 

■ 
avoiding the beautiful promenai 
: s of the ducal palac 
Mc pursued h 
some time, hut hi:- 

:n the works of A, 
and S. '1 " 

afterward, he said ol 
•' When I was in tl 

the great) I haw 

-'. neVj 

■ 
id I to m a d 

Although, like most youths of 

in makin,' 

One of his sh' 
poems v, 

philoi 
an<l t 
he aikv— '• ivlu-ie an 

■ 
gunge, tn ken 

a monk, jIkjv 
the idea, although in a 1; 
form, was already wotksu. 
He afterwards relate 
being at Facnta one day, be 
chance entered the church of S. 

id heard a remark;:: 
fall from the lips of the pre: 
■• 1 will , 

graven on my 
be- 
came a rtfigioo 

he average 

dljr people in 

such matters arc usually unable to 

com: nan 

1 nrent Unl 
are what is called 
Sojiv 
narola,and Milmansaysofit 



Jtrome Sazvnarola. 



291 



letting on but 
I that Savcnaru: 
l tender bullion* 
a beautiful female." We 
1 incline to be of the 

lot that VBlan* re- 

1 having some foundation. 

I 1, a Florentine 

c of 

his dau 

next to the dwelli 
a's family. The mete fact 
an exile from Dante's 
was sufficient to excite 

.ed by tii 
J suffering for 1. 

cause of liberty. II is 

those Florentine 

confident 

a disdainful aura 
u , and giving him at the 
Tstand that the 

r it- 

■ 
suit with horn 

is chronicler, 

** "bis 

may all 

in i: dtsap- 

i not instantly rush 

■sted 

the conttar)', the 

: sermon a: occur- 

lie freq I 

-•ly affected 
always reserved it 



. «r. aij. 



him. It was necessary to conceal 
intention 1 parents, but 

jugh she : 

Secret, would fix her eyes tij 

with a g 

trat. 

went on for a year, an rola 

often refers to hia 

iog that peri id. ■• 1 I 
,:ion," he 

have broken, 

and 1 should have allowed myself to 

be - 

on another day, 

1475, Jerome, seal :00k 

" Vi 

son;,. 

continued to play •■ 
tt dared not raise . 
from 
The next 

-, a great 
for all l onarola hud 

fixed rjpon it to leave his fall 
house, and, as soon as the rdigi 
ceremonies of tlu 
over, he quitted bo his 

knocked 
for s at the 

just twenty-two and a 
half years old. Announcing his de- 
sire I 

the 
most menial of the offices of ths 

:nunity,and to be 1 
all the ' Being admitted, he 

lent that 
same day 

te letter tu bis father, i 
he sought to 

1 1 LI I 
(roni 
— Uii- 



2j- 



Jerone Savonarola. 



10 explain my motives. You 
who to well know how to appreciate the 
■able things of earth, judge not 
lea like a woman, hut. guided 
by truilt. judge according to reason whe- 
ther I am not right in carrying out my 
project and abandoning the world. Tbe 
motive determining me to enter on a 
religious life is this: the great misery of 
the world, the iniquities ol men, the 
crimes, the pride, the shocking blasphe- 
mies, lit which che world is polluted, for 
there Is none that doeih good— no. not 
one. Often and dally have I uttcrc.: 
verse with :■ 

'Ilea fuse erwlttatttms: l'u*e lirtusivarua.' 

I could not support the wickedness of 
the people. Everywhere I saw virtue 
despised, and vice honored. No greater 
suffering could I have in this world. 
v day I prayed our Lord 
Jesus Christ to lift mc out of this ru b I . 
It has pleased God in his infinite mircy 
to show me the right way. and I have 
entered upon it, although unworthy of 
such a grace. Sweet J* mis. may I suffer 
a thousand deaths rather than oppose 
thee and show myself ungrateful ! Thus, 
my dear father, far from shedding tears, 
you should thank our Lord Jesus, for he 
has given you a son, has preserved him 
to you up to the age of twenty -two. and 
has deigned to admit him among h.s 
knights militant. Can you imagine that 
I have not endured the greatest affliction 
in separating from you? Never have 1 
suffered such mental torment as in aban- 
doning my own father to make the sacri- 
fice of my body to Jesus Christ, and lo 
surrender my will into the bands of per- 
sons I had never seen. In mercy. I 
roost loving father, dry your tears, and add 
not to my pain and sorrow. I am satis- 

.. .1.1 wli.it I have done, and I would 
not return to the world BVOH with the cer- 
tainty of becoming grantor than Cxsar. 
Hut, like you, I am of rksh and blood ; 

.enscs wage war with reason, and I 
must struggle furiously with the assaults 
of the devil.* They will soon pass by, 
these first sad . 'stinthcli 

ness of their grief, and I trust we will be 
consoled by grace in this world, and 
glory in the next. Comfort my mother, I 
beseech you. of whom, with yourself, I 
■ i blessing." 

• The ortclnal U verr nlgtMaaqu "A cW> 

ih'cl diasulu noil mi ulii upn U «r«ll«." 



In the convent at 
vonarola spent seven yean. 
his novitiate, his conduct wi 
admiration of . ircn. 

wondered at hi* modesty, h 

., and his fan'.' 
H; appeared to be entirely abi 
in ecstatic contemplation of hei 
things, and to have no other 
than to be allowed to pass hi 
in prayer and humble obedierw: 
one looking at him walking i 
cloisters, he had more the 
of a shadow than of a 
so much was he em; 
nence and fasts. The severest 
of the novitiate seemed light ti 
and his superiors had frco,ucn 
n his self-imposed A 
when not fasting, he ate 1 
enough to sustain life. His Ik 
of rough wood with a m 
and one coarse sheet; his d 
the plainest possible, but alway* 
pulously neat. In penoi 
ancc, Savonarola was of midd 
turc, dark, of sanguinc-biiious 
pcraroent, and of c* 
ous sensibility His ej 
from beneath dark 
nose was aquiline, mouth larj 
thick but firmly compressed 
manii 
b'oo of purpose. His forehea 

iiked with dc 
indicating a mind absorbed j 
nplation of grave subject 
beauty of physiogni 
none, but it bore the c.v 
A certai; 
3 rough fi 
then .1 kindly expression wh 
! confidence •--: firat sight 
manners were simple and i 
vated ; his discourse, plain to 
ness, became at times so el 
and powerful that it o 
ted every one. 

As Savonarola advanced 
studies, he devoted all the ti 



Jerome Savonarola. 




possibly spare lo the wi 

s and to the Holy Scrip- 

e are no less than 

^nt copies till ex- 

tn the libraries of Florence, 

i.-y of S. Mark, 

Ink*, of which liic margins are 

rd with Latin notes written by 

:ii m a writing so fine as to be 

I 
• custom of the order. 
was in due time sent o 

'hat is, to different cities 
h and exercise his 
\ he 
ordered to Fen er he 

Iry much against his will. His 
desii ie should re- 

ere, . e near his 

this, he wrote 
s mother : " I could not do as 
I go ^c where, 

leldom that a religious sua • 
I native place. Hence it is that 
Scripture commands us to go 
the world. A stranger is 
f rece i v e d everywhere. No one 
prophet in bis own country, 
concerning Christ, they asked: 
lot this the son of the carpen- 
As to rue, it would lie iiuiuir- 
snot thi.% B 

i such an J such sins, and 
was not a whit Letter than our- 
wc know him." " 

iieioru'mo 
I onvent ol 
orence. A mass of saintly and 
te recollections cluster around 
Littery of this convent. Holy 
passed their lives within 
outers! and cminei 

Eecratcd their works by 
•ion. It is sufficient 
n from among them the 
ts of Fra Ang> nir- 

fiococs a walls, of Fra 



Bartolomeo, known to the world as 
Baccio della Porta, the equal of 

trto, of Fra B 
and of the brothers I.uke and Paul 
dell. i Us on one 

of its greatest illustrating ., !■. Sant 1 
Antonino, the founder or renewer of 

of Florence, and in particular of the 
Buoni Uomini di S >, which 

ta to this day in all its beautiful 
Christian edii the 

of modern ictor 

:it" Antoi 

cherished there as that of a man 
burning with divine charity, and con- 
sumed with the love of his neigh 
His death, which took pi 1459, 

was deplored in Florence as ■ pul 
calan: 

early history of the convent is 
closely connected with that of C<; 
dc' Medici, who was its n 
pair mounts spent 

on the building, he made them a 
still doom v.iiu ible da \'ic- 

colo Niccoii, • name well known to 
scholars, a collector of manuscripts 
of F.uro]>ean fame, had spent his life 
and a large fortune in making a col- 
on of valuable manuscripts which 
was the 1 of all Italy. At 

eathed it to the 

public, but the donation was useless 

by reason of the heavy debts against 

estate. Cosmo paid them, and, 

retaining for himself a few of 

; documents, gave all 
rest to the convent. 1 
the E la Italy, and it 

was cared for by the monks in a 
manner which proved them worthy 
of the gift they had received. 

it were, a cci 
Tiling, : nly the most 

learned monks of its affiliated con- 
vents in Northern Italy, hut the 1 
distinguished men of that pe: 
sought every occasion to frequent it. 



sola's arrival in the Floren- 
had been preceded by 
utatiofl far learning ai»d for 
I: was eve:: im that 

: some miraculous eon* 
. .md the stoiy was told that, 
-in making the journey from Fcrrara 
to Mantua by 
shocked by tl 
the I He turned uj»n i 

With letl 

half an hour of his impressive cxhor- 
tati< threw t!. 

. 
and humbly demanding his pardon. 

Savonarola was at n 
with all he saw of Florence. The 

landscape boi the 

can hills, the 
ele:; language, the mail 

of the people, which appeared ta 
increase in refinement tesy 

as you a] • all bad 

predisposed h ht in 

this flower of Italian cities, where 
nature and art rival each other in 
beauty. To his mind. 

the religious feeling, 
Flo: 

of sacred DUI the omni- 

potence l lied by faith, 

The paintings of Fra i ap- 

peared to him to 

dlt angcis to take up their abode in 
these cloisters ; and, gating 

/ religious was transported 
into a world of bliss. The holy tra- 
ditions of Sam' Antonino and of hi; 
works of charity were still fresh 
among the brethren, and even-thing 
pppc ■ -loser to them. 

His heart was tJlled with hopes of 
got his former dis- 
irinlmcnts, as well as the tk; 
lily might Ik 

for him whet 
so know the Florentines better. 

KACSHFIC1 

i Savonarola came to 
rence, Lorenzo the Magnificent 



been its ruler for many 

gee of h 
is power. Under 
even: iked prosperou 

:'.es that 
'sed the city had long 
Those who refused to 1 
domination of the Medici w 

•and Iran- 
and tournaments fill 

sople, wh 
so jealous o( their rights, now 
to have forgotten the very i 
liben 1120 parti 

as, am 
himself to invent new o i 
■ were the 

n and sun 
ltd gentry 
rence in the- 

thing perha 
the conn 
period than these son 

oi only educated young| 
but th of the pop 

hold them in scorn, and 

in public would be an < 

At 

such were the i Us of 

lection of a prince praiaed by aj 
considered as the model of a 
cign, a prodigy of corn- 
eal and Iherary gen 
are those who are to-day 
think of him as he was then 
upon, to pardon him the blood 
ly spilled to maintain a pow 
md 1 
ruin of the republic, the vi 
by which he forced froi 
munity the sum D 
reckless expenditure, the sha 
libertinism to which he 
himself, and even the r. 
■ 

widi 

* lit mM (tarn i,t-j to in*. 



And all 
l>e pa: 

tec.or of litc- 

a!l the Italian hill 

ere is but little difference 
riety and depth of 

ress in his descriptio 

1 10 

ell us to Florence in i 
lotw ;ajrs, a seL 

•>ke 
iccstors, 
.lodetate ami 

the way of the 
flit and detestable 

nt of labor, fatigue, 
ce, and prol 

"n. They, 

as if they had cast 

i to have 

lo*e: they | selves 

d the 

Lie pleasures. Lost 

intrigues 
t otgies. The;. tied 

edness, all crip 

i| law and justice 
impunity, 
and 
-•e of mail. cul- 

rnplaitance ; 
scandal" 

' CE, 

on of his acquirc- 

nimo, was appoint- 

hcld 

|8i- 

preachers or to the i. 

a MOib u lutie lc «i* ttn- 
•NO* it* t r«. to 
htli<A fofwiiJ :Iiij period In all 
■I< Vltall. " Fro» carrant »e 



lion formed of me- 

at a professor, he •.-, 

nten ser- 
i of S. Lawreo 
ie, what fa 
the E 

-tion. II 

and I is, their 

hcartswei ith scepticism, and 

i on 
if faith and of 
■ iplcs caused him : 
anew elf, and 1. 

men: 

so keenly with the c enter* 

i on eaterini 

lFlorcniii 

■ ■ ' i 

• tec r-fivepenc 

They the 

vast. hie, 

his intonations fill 

■and, his st) His 

.i failure. - liut he was 
not discourage . to 

another attcm[i:. Htaauperii 
-w the ex; 
to San Gc 
gnano lot two years. He in 

liange ho 
Florentines had l>een accustomed to 
preachers who carerulij 
elocutionary part of their 
many of them seeking to foi n 
selves upon some classical mould, 
,• was generally 
rODOola 
ised theae aids, and thunderc- 

iltirated way ( against 
scandals Batt- 

ing v iota 

for the da 
he quoted profuselj 
it the foundation of all his sermons. 
His success at San 
by no means a decided one, never- 



296 



Jerome Saivnarota. 



thclcss it w« sufficient to give him 
confidence in himself, and to confirm 
the course lie had marked out for i 
self as a preacher. 

convent, lie continued to fulfil his 
moi I as reader or professor 

until i j.<6, when by his superior? he 
mi 

\KUY, 

where he remained four years. These 
four years are the most obscure of 

.-.. knon-n, however, that 
during this period he preached in va- 

: that country, and < 
cially at Brescia. Here hlspowi 

■i fully revealed b 

the Apocalypse. 

. vdSjimperioni act 
and impressive voice, he rcpron* 
the people with their sins, and threat- 
ened them with t'.ie anger of 1 1 

the 
propbeciea to Brescia itself, they 
should see, he told them, their city a 
prey lo furious enemies, who would 

eett run rivers of blood. 

luclty would visit them 
in their worst shape, anil everything 
wuuld be delivered Dp to terrur, lire, 
and destruction. His menaces ap- 
palled them, and his voice appeared 
to come from another world. These 
prophecies were I when, a 

lew years later, in 151^. Br 
taken by assault by the French 
troops under Gaston de Foir, and 
the city sacked 3nd devastated with 
the most dreadful barbarity. Six 
thousand of its inhabitants were 

Savonarola i< r.ext heard of at 
jio, in i486, where a chapter of 
..is convened for the 
:: of certain questions of 
iogy and discipline. A number 
of learned laymen were also present, 
attracted by the prospect of theolo- 
gical discussion. Among these was 
the celebrated Pico «li Mirandola, 
then only twenty-three, but air© 



famous as a prodigy of intc 
and lei ruck 

appearance of Savonarola be 
md B word, and h 
-, an 
en eyes, and forehead plough 
furrows of thought. In the 
gical debate, Savonarola too 
part, but when the quest* 

up he spoke and 
ed. What he said left 
dola the impression that he 

xiraordinary man, and 
arrival at Florence some tim 
ward, he besought Loreoxo 
dici to have Savonarola 
nee.* After preach 
logna and Pavia, and deliver 
course of l.cnten sermons at 
he was, at the instance of I 
recalled by his superiors to Fl 
in 1490. Thus it was that the 

1 .-my oft I the 

cr of their power, was by 
themselves invited to return, 
withstanding his discernment I 
little knew what sad dis:i 
preparing for his house, or 
flame he vat kindling in the 

1 l.is ancestors had bu 
order to give an example 
Christian simplicity he preach 
Hicronimo made the joi 
on foot, and. on ing to physic 

accomplished only with 

an to raoatNas. 

In his convent he quietly 

US of reader. Th> 
DO qa hing 

had not forgotti 

Florentines. De' 

e the 

of his lender 1 if his 

... Meantime his powi 

• M I'crrcns and Dnn Milmtn both 
' .!•! ,\-» to this (net. but * 

•.hose cipUouion 01 tbt 

s»i!ii»it«ir- 



Jerome Savonarola. 



297 



and his fame hnd spread. 
chc Italy, 

conSrmcu by Mirandola. 1 
\j the professed brothers of 
ton vent joined the novices in 

to Savonarola's lea 1 
scholars and learn il the 

demanded permission to be ad- 
wl to them. Among ttiosc was 
adviser Picon The study-room 
Aids he i- . . s was no 

{CT sufficient to hold the crowd. 
1 garden of ih was then 

St possession of, and there, under 
1 bush of damask n 

hers -ious 

nation, he coal ma. 

■ as the exposition of the 
<*c The crowd of his bear- 
I, and it was pro- 
Mark that 
onitoo should continue his 
lies in thi ac- 

Icd, and on S ugust 1, 

>, crowds flo< It 1 the 

who, formerly su much de- 

I gained 
|WUi of Italy, 

u an account of it left bj 

a terrible scr- 

He continued hi uon 

apocalypse. I •■ walls ring 

hts terrible conclusions, he suc- 

tal in communicating to the ex- 

I multitude the impetuosity of his 

'rtgs. his med to 

The sui 

:tc Nothing 

•as talked of in all Florence, 

a short time for- 

I the 

Here is his 

unt of the event : 

I Begat- :o expound (he 

In out 1 

11 • 
slop til ibe Florentine* 1 
fro-." t. "That tbi 



would be : 

ittikc all 
Italy with "lent." }. ' That 

these thing* would tuppci I 

l»bo lint* 

to n, 1 ■ them br 

probable argument*., by ji awn 

from aacn laili- 

tudes anil panbtct drawa from what was 
going on il on 

I I dissembled 
the knowledge which God gave me of 

those tilings in othoi way*, because men's 

in to iompo bead rai 

The reader will not fail to 1 
the 1 hi conveyed 

in the last sentence of this re- 
markable record. Miula al- 
rcady believed bJnuelf the rccipi- 
cut of supernatural com nun 
"the knowledge iod gave 

I either era 
r7e shall find him presently bo 
announcing his celestial visions and 
commands from heaven, and here 
led clearly and at once 
(he point .-it 1. noble mind 

and pure stiitii, disturbed by the cx- 

itaticm on Apt 
I 1 if- clearness and its bal- 
ance, an.! 1 the gravest errors 
of judgment and do 

III: NS. 

Crowds continued to press h 
the church of S. Mark to hear the 
idling of Fra Girolamo, until the 
ity of the building 
imld them. I 
the Lent of 149X1 his | was 

ap]>oinied to take place in the cathe- 
dral, and the walls of Santa Maria del 
Fiorc for the first time • his 

voice. From thil 

the pulpit and : the 

peop every da] 

number as hearers, redoubled in their 
enthfl him. The pictures 

he drew charmed the I 

;udc, and the threats of fu. 



Jerome Savonarola. 



. upon all, for sinister forebodings 
i he hour- 
was 

to 'it Lortr::. 

naturally begat among his adhci 

trong op|- ' Sa- 

vonarola. The result was that a 

i Domenico Iionsi, Guide 
nio Vespucci, Paulo Antonio Soderi- 

Bcmardo Rucall.ii, and Fran- 
ccso Valori) waited upon him, 

-nctJoni I '-hat he 

was risking his own safety and that 
•.. and to admonish him 
to be more moderate in his I 
when teaching or preaching. Sa- 
vonarola abruptly cut short their 
course, s. that you come 

not n mutton, but that you 

: :nzo dc' Medici 
Tell him to make haste to Itpcnt Of 
his sins, for God is no respecter of 
persons, and ' . ■ : of the great 

ones of tin; earth." Proud of his in- 

ndeooe as a ; ivonarola 

red thus to crush at the outset the 

of 

inually bending and prostrating 

c the house < A 
the depul out to him 

the drag -o of being exiled ; 

he answered: "I have 00 fear 
of exile from yc which is, 

I all, a mere grain of dust upon 
the face of The earth. But although 
I am only a "stranger in it. 
:i and its hi- 
ve that I shall remain, a/id ye shall 

To this he added a few wor.l 
■ crningt condition of Flor- 

ence, which made them wonder at 
the intimate knowledge he possessed 
of its affairs. Shortly afterward is 
the i '■'■ arlrt, in the pres- 

ence 1 1 persons, be 

the aflairs of Italy would soon 
change, lor that live Pope, the King 



of Naples, and II M 
long to lire. 
The ill-will of the 

I by 
i ir mui 
creased, and, com 
but influential portion of the 
Savonarola too 

; whether hesb 
up lor the time the 
of his sermons, and confine 
to the inculcation of moral 
gious pre I icrc is b* 

doubt that he Strug;, 

•.• to brin 
this resolution, and he has 

B record of it in his Ctm 
•■/.• Rk " I deliberate! 

If," he says, "as to suppi 
the K in the vision: 

liowing Sa 
lral service, and for th 
to abstain from them. God 
witness that throughout th 
of Sa 

night kc; and en 

way, ever • but th 

taken from me. At dayli 

tigni.' I by 

i. I heard 
which said to mc, ' Fool, 
not that God wills that thot 
persevere 

i preached a terrible so 

I" V. 

tor, pcrsu 
n of his divine mission 
sooner entered the pulpi 
his in i excited, his 

i from the 

• Here >r« hh o»n »ur-Ji: "E ml 

:mO 143 



tcntrme »SV . i te»ihn««*» 

i) dlmbdocl'intrrs aotlettao 
■... ilin vl». 
fun i ili quelli l»» 

jxt U ■'■<> *J 

rr.jnirc lo prc«»T». uti» von 

>'ercb* to feci 
ua* pr«Jtc* '.tcucniU " 



jeromt Savonarola. 



299 



I biting*, his subject c 

: iacory 
that frightened while they 
iicarcrs. In hi 

1 gain I 

mality, ami confounds 
lan- 

nf 8cri|>fjrc. foe in his scr- 

hc 6cqucntly, in the rush of 

:es as passages fro 

rases of hb own •■ 

bese was 

ileti 






•ram sew raioa. 



u the interior of hb 

iplicity, 

rfound piety and purity, ami 

fence of Fra Girolaino bid 

1 the love auon 

At the '•■ 

w superior in 1491 

chose bin prior, 

trota, who had aim | 

of the church 

>s occasion 

ccrc- 

only 

it degra<-: 

: was 
ected 
>mage 

tear fealty chief. 

irofca . 

it, and from his silence might 
supposed to be ignorant 
omc of the older 

mrcnt and 
•us benefactors, 
lar.icter- 

bas named me prior? 

fledge my election as from 

and to him only will I 



swear obedience." 1 
to Lorenzo, who 

a into ray house, and 
deigns not even to visit me." 

It must I led th.it, consi- 

dering lus position and persi 
racier. Lore 1 great 

moderation, for he evid 

■ I 
and to M 

with a religious. More thr*:: 
attended Mass at S. Mark's 
afterwards strolled in its garden, 
these occasions 1 other 

the :age who 

walking alone in the gai ' 1 lid 

he ask to see me ?" was Sav 
answer. "No, but . . . '"— •' i 
let him walk there as long as he 

The 1 
and acted in conseq-.i he 

knew all die injur;. 
he 1 pan liim 

not only as th 

lit as the 
obstacle to any aim 

the people 
mo began to fi 
•ml ahna 
gifts, but this, pro* 

rola's contempt for 1 
made scornful allusion to it in the 
pul) :. that 

were found in 

k 'a a number of pit 
prior understood peifL 
they cinic from l.orcnzo, ss in fai t 

gold 

he sent it I 
iniof the city fordistn 
the poor, with themes 
ntd i for the ■ 

the convent." 

Thus far thwarted at 1 
Lorenzo was not die man to give up 






a struggle once entered upon, and he 

was determined to turn, if poj 

the le of the Domini. 

lUlaritjr. Tlie preacher most id- 

td at that period in Florence had 

. for some time been Padre GenazM- 

no— tl>c same whose sermons were 

attended by crowds when Fit Girola- 

rno could scarce retain a dozen or 

two of people to listen to him. I.o- 

renxo requested the former to resume 

his preaching. Me did so, and 

sermon was announced for Ascc: 
Day. All Florence rushed to hear 
;. Taking for his text, " Non est 
tram nossc tempora vcl momen- 
ta " — •' It is not for you to know the 
times or seasons" — he imprudently 
presumed too far i::cly 

patronage, and v. attacking 

Savonarola by name, quali". 
as a false and foolish prophet, a 
er of discord and ccandabj among 
the people, so revolted his auditory 
by his intemperate speech and uu- 
ebarkabV at, in the 

short hour of his discourse, lie utterly 

. the reputation of long years' 
acquisition. On the same day, Sa- 
«>aarola preached upon the same 
teat, and, so far as the popular judg- 

il was concerned, remained mas- 
ter of the field. Lorcnro, seeing the 
total failure of his si heme, and suf- 
fering from the rapid advances of a 
malady that was soon 10 become 

rtal, fatigued, moreover, with the 
struggle against a man whom, in 
spite of himself, he felt for.-.-. I to rc- 

t, he left him henceforth to pre 
unmolested. 

SAVONAKOLA I SEB.M' 

as printed, give us, on reading them, 
but a vciy imperfect idea of their 
effect as delivered. Of that tremen- 
dous power he wielded in the pulpit, 
and concerning v. Jest 

testimony of both hit friends and 
enemies entirely .sgrec, the source 



cannot be traced in the 
copies of his sermons. Th 
of these are those preached 
on the fil : of & J 

would be a il k to 

general idea of this colled 
form, they offer no unity o 
nor connection of parts, e 
b, the strong origina 
waywardness of Savonarol 
and studies make it < li 

eoder to bring ord< 
this apparent disorder. lit 

commences with a dutrf. 

Scripture. . around i 

ideas thcol icral, and 

which it suggests to his m 
ing these in their turn up 
Brbli b apparc 

to him v, 1 to- 

heterogeneous mass of di 
materials of which the 
hopeless. But these scrim 
actually prcad 1 ona 

v different result To hi 
was clear. These won 
bun in manuscript arc but 
bones which he clothes ¥ 
magnetic life of i;: 

h he gives voice in the 
of hi-- own eloquence. Thi 
Ml imagination kindles, fij 
gigantic power present them 
his mind, his gesture is anim 
eyes flame, and, abandoning 
to his lie becon 

he really was — a g: 
orator. At times, he appeal 
back into a mass of an 
without connection, again ai 
to free himself by force of 
talent, for, bom orator 35 hi 
: oratory 

Only when his subject I 
him, and carried him away, 
turc took the place ot 
was eloquent in spite of him! 
his originality and depth of 
some id© icd I 

following extract taken fron 



Jerome Savonarola. 



301 



i sermons upon the first 
•f S. John, in ex- 

it length the mysteries of 
4e Mass, giving in it religious pre- 
apt* and counsels to the people : 

word we uticr proceed* out of 

oiisc-aihs separated and divided by a 

•DXMon <">: v.c\\ manner 

[ S* while one pal .::t pan 

iKtbe Vcrli.o: |hc \1.\ 

fcuScc." I» OWI!' 

tbiouubc-ut llic cteated world. 
Menu- 
is its 
osyainon. Their fori- it i* iho Word of 
'i the Father. Wc ac- 
Word in rarious 
ttm w sometimes mean 

t* rmural brine of niankim! 
I the it >x 

man is science, 

i of tli But there 

I ooe ttuc life which i» in God, I 
all I tunes bare till And 

I Olm-in. ar.il in which he may find in- 
ternal happiness. Earthly 
U» it not only fallacious, but powerless 
us happiness from Its want of 
■ (. U you love riches, you 
tan five up sensual pleasures ; if you 
•» abandoned to these, you must re- 
tavaee rtie acquisition of knowledge ; 
■d If • ,i(> the ar:| 

li'-pi il tice* of 

|- in the vi- 
*» w God. which is supreme felicity." 

J disease fastened 
<pon him, Lorento the M: 
*i retired to his villa at Careggi. 
Hope of his recovery there was none, 

OS had exhausted 
resources of their .nit. Even 

fefEDOwned I.;i/./am 

fco» called from Pavia, and had ad- 
■aMcrcd his wonderful d: 
fciBtd gems without result. Death 
•Pproatbcd i in this 

Worm s mind tu 

il.- 
"S'ed changed. When 

'tyf Comnv to be admin- 



istered to him, he made a superhu- 
man effort lo rise from his bed, and, 
the arntsol >iund 

him, to receive it kneeling, but the 
t, perceiving his weakness and 
his agitation, insisted on his 
turned to his couch. It was impossi- 
ble to calm hi • up 
before him in hoi 
approached hi 

ODSj and 
very moment more menac- 
:ii a wild dismay, 
and depriving him oi' the pt 

ifbrt he would othci de- 

<■ consolation; of reli- 
gion. Having lost all confidence in 

rity 

of his own confessor. Accustomed 

ave his slightest wish obeyed, he 

began to doubt if ili.it ecclesiastic 

had acted with entire freedom. His 

remorse became harder and harder 

" No one ever dare<i say 

' to me," he thought will 

reflection, once a source 
of pride, now became hi iuel 

denly the image of 
Savonarola in its grave severity 
MBted itself to his D I he 

remembered that he at least bad 
never been influenced cither by 
threats or latteries. " I only 

true finU- I know," he e\ 

expressed 3 di i:ake his 

confession to him. A messenger was 
instantly sent 1 0& M vo- 

narola, who was so astonished Bl the 
strange and oonl 

that it seemed to him incredible. He 
gave answer that it appeared to him 

ess to go to Careggi ins 

words would not be well received by 
Lorenzo, But when he was made 
to understand the gravity of Loi 
so's condition, and the fact that he 
had • | (bl hun, he set off 

instantly. T'n Mf 

:iol 

tnoalal : i«!iilcii, " He b*J lo»t 

•11 confidence in ine piiesja." 



3<>2 



Jerome Savonar 



himsclft 

. 
instructions and his ii 
He pressed a wis; 

sec Pic- mdola, who came 

imai lie of hi* 

:pon 
l'ie moribund. Scarcely had Pico left, 
D the prior ot was an- 

nounced. He advanced respectfully 

k of the iJying n 
Three sins in partict: 
upon h". c were: 

: apart for tlia dowry 

of poor Flotcntine damsels, which 

driven many of them to evil 

; the blood he had shed to rc- 

ihe PascL 

: 

increased alarmingly. But Savona- 
rola, in order to > . kept re- 
i is good, God in mer- 
it," lie added, when Lorenzo 
had finished, "three things are n 
tary." 

"What are they, father ?" asked 
i 

kuning ui 

and livc : 

- ! have it fal 

coud, yon ike restitu- 

of all money unji 
or charge your son to do it for you." 

At this Lorenzo was sorely ^ 
and perplexed, but with a great d 
he signified assent by nodi 

Savonarola then rose, and. d i 
ill height. 
solemn countenance and imprc 

j 
the people of Florence their free- 
dot,! istcned his eye* upon 
those of Lorenxo, > 
The dying man, gathering v. 

lully 



lit dei 
:d. 
- the story — Si 
I left him wo the M 

last 
(8th . 149ft)* 

The death of Lorenzo aerio 1 
affected the public affairs of Tu 
and of Italy. His pets 
over otru .nee 

bad made him in so 
the moderator of polii 

Piero, his sod and suco 
every respect his opposite. Of ha: 
sonic and powerful ; iic a 

doncd himself to athl. | 
tog «ed a cc 

. a pi 
1 his hig! 
ambition on horsemanship, 

ts, and games of strength 
dexterity. 

He inherited from hit 
the i 

from his I ie of that 

ty tu r wh 

ited 
render him popular. His mam 
were rough at 

of rage, and one day, in the 
of many persons, gave his 
with h ; . ; 
iokcd upon in 
as worse than an open . of 

the law. and of themselves sufficed 

hint a great m 
enemies. Not only to his subject! 
were his n: timers displeasing, but 
i cmcrtt o: 
I 
that Florence soon lost the 



•V.' it the account of 

ntbao* 

I know unTthlDC >N>o( 

on nil r, CMC 
..il Wii mi M'jr though W< » 
wlTnw* U such an In 
•hem • 

. luicr hypothesis. 




Jeronu Savonarola. 



50: 



Lorenzo had 
He utterly ne 

was solici- 
■ ita in himself 
I r of the government. 

by day he I 

r even the fen sem- 

ces i had 

n great caxc to lea 
hkh the pcci ung 

i afiection. General d 

to a 
aieu: v of 

wrongest partisans of tl 
a dynasty. A certain uncav. 

i manifr-.; 
i wore necessary ile as 

>:' repute, 
. to surrouo I by 

■ it her unknown or incapable. 

ulpit of Savonarola, and 

i him as the preacher of 

i ». The fact that 

.■roach of death, 

confessor, 

itts among 

of : 10 ra- 

on account 

cults nod 

tola, in 

ing f Ixtrenzo, 

i of this : - 

The 

The death of the King 
it soon 
And now all eyes were in- 
toned to the mu.i 
disasters 

Italy, and 





whose prophecies seem; 

I in 

r, and sr 
out the world. He 

ictim of his ' 

visions. Hi 

.and. H 
the books of prophecy, and preach- 
ed with greater (error. It is but 

il in this 
frame of mind his i at on fat- 

ing in number. 
Toward the end of the Mine 

sermons, 
he had a dr, to r.n 

■i). tnd which 
did not hesitate to look upon as a 
IC rcvclati:i. II I to 

sec in 

sword on which was 

Don:. ■ itrrem dto <l prim 

He I leai and 

dbtio to the 

good, but menacing pu U to 

vntl : ind. 

Suddenly the sword p 

earth, the sky 

.ind arrows, tl 

i oil, and the 
who it given up a prey 

The isedwitha 

rola to menace the people 

then to beseech the I 
to scud good pastors to his chut 
who would seek and save the souls 
anger of being lost. In later 
years we find this vision 

..■'mite number of engr.v. 
and medals, and bceou 
a symbol of Savonan i his 



tti« !o»:. 



3<>4 



Dante's Pvrgawrio. 



DANTE'S PURGATORIO. 



CANTO NINTH. 

Forth from the arms of her beloved now, 

tcning the orient steep, the concubine 

Of old Tithonus came, her lucent I 

•med with gems whose figure formed the sign 

Of that coW animal who th dread 

Strikes trembling nations ; and the night, where we 
Now were, had made of her ascending tread 

Two of her paces and was making three, 
With wings through weariness less fully spread, 

When I, in whom the weakness was alive 
Of Adam's nature, sank in slumber's power 

Where sat already 00 the grass all five. 

Near to the dawning and about the BOOK 
When first the little swallow wakes her lays 
g her old ih), 

And when our miiul. relieved of thinking, strays 
More of a pilgrim from its cage of flesh 

Till to its vision 'tis almost divine, 
Dreaming I i heaven suspended 

An eagle that with golden plumes did shine 
And with spread wings at he to swoop intended: 

And in that pU< e it teemed to be, methoaght, 
When Ganymede, abandoning his own. 

Was up to ha igh consistory caught 

Then I considered ; haply here alone 

His wont to strike it, ami lie scorns elsewhere 
To bear up what he snatches in his feet ; 

Methought he next wheeled somewhat in the air, 
Then struck like lightning, terrible and tiect, 

And rapt me up to the empyrean : there 

We burned together in so fierce a I 

And such of that imagined fire the smart, 

force was by the scorching broke. 

Not otherwise Achilli i with a start 
Rolled his amazed eyes round him, newly woke, 

And kne where be wa-s, when flying 

Hit motha bore him, slumbering on her breast, 

From Chiron to the isle of Scyros hieing, 
Whence the Greeks, after, forced him with the rest. 

Than 1 too started I so that all repose 



Dante's Purgatorie. 

i my (c+i 
I grew, I if. 

. risen aire 

: 
Shticl y enlarge 

Tbcn See 

c." 

In 1 1 re the mom 

W'i. , ihcre CM 

Over Uic i 

in.- : 
sleeping let m 'are; 

uil I spc 

Remained: si ■ 1:11], at dawn 01 

, and I behind he. 
• she reposed ihee ; fir; : 

rtf once more, 
So • 1 aid seeing me an- 

Ic up o'er 
The did movci ear. 



305 



Reader, Jit 

Ifwi: 

. I now \\ 1 1 i ich .■ 1 the spot 
ich first had so 
Lii. ;cw 

;c out a gnu-, ami leadin cnt 

1 a different hue; 
keeping the ascent. 
. 

. and the look he v. 

I could not bear. 
Th csoreflc his face 

word thai 

ter answered thus: 



306 -:!/s r-.irgattnrio. 

heavenly lady, of such things aware-, 

ot long ago lo us: 
re.' 
A;il may sl>e speed you on your way to good !" 
Rejoined that gr.v Bight 

-ncc you then I" We therefore < -tood 

At the first suit, which was of marble whil 

So clear an<i it therein I could 

Behold myself, ho-.. r to sight. 

The second was a rough stone, burnt nnd black 
Beyond the darkest purple ; throu ■ngth 

And crosswise it was traversed 1. 
The third whose mass is rated on their strength 

Appeared to me of porphyry, Bat 
Or like blood spouting from a vein ; thereon 

God's Angel kepi :.is tread 

Sitting upon the threshold's gleaming stoo 
Which seemed to mc of adamant. My Guide 
DM with my -iinil will up that ascent, 
ng, " Beg humbly that the holt may slide!" 
And at those hallowed feet devout 1 I 

"In mercy open tome i" I implored, 
Bui ; tote in.-- dance upon my breast. 

He on my forehead with his pointed sword 
TV* .:ncs. then sp;i.. 

" Wash thou t! 

Of dry he-;, y earth 

E of one colo: >rc, 

Ti. ie yellow on the gate, 

In 

.: - I ... i. 

n cither of these keys be vainly tried, 
And in 

One is i "lie mot. .. ise 

ie lock to free, 
its which error's knot tml 
Froi lie on me 

I should rather err 
ln opening onto . n he 

Slow to unbin ■• were." 

he push' I red gate. 

Savin- — " Go m : but be ye warned, before 
nek letumeth Btrai 

Ami WD 'jr, 

. h ;ir.- o( itrong aod toundin 
Round in their sockets, the 1 rock, 

in il M •..•;.. Hi-.-, and its :;lil, 
Rung not so loud nor yielded such 



Unify, 



307 



At the fir r, as trie portal swung 

a tent 
Hc-i -uJamus ! clearly sung, 

the song was blent. 
rise same impr .: 1 heard gave me 

As on tii got 

1 men with organs j . and we 

Now hear the words, and now wc hear them not. 



TY. 



who holds not this unity of the 
think that he b 
frith ? He who strives ag 

is in the chui 
Apostle Paul leaches 

■■• as yt 

w Baptism, 

y firmly sliuuld we 

approve the h 

led. 
deceive the brother! 

iupt the 
ot 

chcry. me; 

i a whoh h each e 

possession. The church it like- 
■ one, though 

>ad. 5 with the in- 

t»c of Ik; the 

has rays mai 




and the tree boughs many, yet its 
i| one, seated in the deep- 
lodged root; and as, when many 
streams flow down from on 

ity of waters seems 
to be diffused from the bountifulncss 
of the 01 abundance, m 

the source itself. 
Part a ra\ itn its orb. and 

its unity forb! nf light; 

ak a branch from the tree, 01 
broken i: can tore ; cut the 

inint 
will Le di 

flooded a of the 1 

I'Ut through the whole 

;h yet one li 
sprcail up 

unity ci body is licit 11.. She 

stretches for:i 1 ches over the 

universal catth in 

ty, and poors abv jountiful 

and onward streams; yet is there 

tier, 
the results of her fruit- 
.-■ss.— 5. Cyprian. 









THE TROWKL OR THE CROSS.; 

r*OOI TU CUKU ol K.«.U1 VOCt aoUXOIX. 
* 7a/i *r rtmr hcmr. *mj Iki fitatr t/ Jart„/n."S. Luke xi 



irln ba»e been received with 
marked fit w. ball I and 

graphical sketch ioc would be ne- 

'e t» the readers ot Tmi Caiholk 
W«au>. 

Joseph Edward Charles BlsucaT, better kfl 
as Conrad Ton Uol u born August 5, 

l"aiali- 
'Exerts belong!?./ '" l.nrraiiic. 

: replied a 
liitu undoi liic direction '^r a | 

li£iic2'! :. and made 

sluw progress la tied au 

^« of 
«*»T.b: 
nor.- 

im tsroojh 
tmwoij thr 1 'icabarx, «■ 

< tlu It. uce at 

r|>- age we are asmbtless lndt-tc*J 1 

graphic dc natural scenery nbluh 

iid la kit waeks. 

Having Studied Latin far v-nnc tnac with Iho 

i«tar c* Scht.nxn, ha eattrtd. at the 

strut - ltd (a bra. and becau 

awl already eonaicnccd i» write poetry and iu- 
oencos. 

1* year tJ w . be became a atadi H 
Uait. uniob.aaal ep| 

. tut I* oral •. 

ux>a to becilllll 1 I I 

I 

■ 

Kt.'Xi • •. 

nth day "i 

6 Lite RL Kee. Hlil: toil 

I be- 
came : 1 t of the cathedra H 
voted himself uith rcil and :-i hl» 
nrara] ran, 
the b "' uai 
completely eihausted. an* -ide pastor 

i 
•crabcrg. The |iui>h r.uakml 1,7' J aoul: 

dlrtrirValod j .> stations, 

lata; lis. Hets again vn> a 

hard and fatiguing teld 

cacc which he acquired during atrs v:Jc-iiro In 
llolandan oeaeexning lb« nai . lanl- 

11m, was (he k-js.Sa!. :n ir */ 

Id eemnrr of lias a*> 

nontbl U: ir.ido rav>: 

Boer: ■ q he srrnle, wlthis thr** rears, 

/titrA*rJ if Pmtttmrttl 

1 vtm SMtu t iWt and •** 



Frcru the yasr ilcj to 1K9, he was pa 
Bcrgbauaen. about two nil 

< -canton s»rc4s a ad 
.- at oaoa tta 
into all the Urine atngaages. and 1. 

war* printed and read also In Am 
rial romance. Tit f>rf" 
daced la Uts imuinc. became 

::-icn ut all classes ina-le up n 
bay the bOOh. Aiming the Uch 

wuil created a furoi istbac 

(treat IruuWc In the author. A run *4 
nob. an i ,1$ habit 

a use. imagined tbat be a* 
self depicted in r*. 

1 1 rig his di v . 

.teredbe 
wr3 >s tfce loss of filenda, iajdaccd em 
yaw iMe.10 i- ccocd b 

Hon as pastor, caiecally as Lbe ceeapeaas 

■ 
larxc cardc*, aad there ■ 

• retireai 

. 

1 1* newi 
la ncvo 

1 ■ 

at five. 

I 

repaid by the 1 
lul and . tTcctMej cd bt 

' Vaa Bo ta a de 

at beceia. " t foci nnc. 

:e wilt 
the clock to aacertaia a day or c j 
the boUcat ctaya ■-* aaruut, bo a 

bis fearless exposure 

art! Inr the r«i.. 
: cui'lc. h»ia beM lacssal 
. who has mad* hln a > 

tiV til' 

\-l>i ai:i:or s 
KMUed fee mi" v years u> upbo&j thu bai 

bat agairat the enciales ci u< C 



Trowel or the Cross. 




309 



CHAW 



Tirr n.i\M;- vpi v.w. •.: n 






U---C- 



«ic. 



•stood on the border of 
low, and, with hands cl 
the handle of his axe, lo 
dtsaripoininK . appcar- 

rtc shook 
. and exdai ad: 

labor and skill ate n 
docs nor land !" 

jbe expression of his face became 
! discontented than 

he raised hi» head. 
gazed in the direction of the 
.aspect now chang- 
ing t 

i of ill. >icc 

)entlcman on borsebadc 1 
lue -. 1 at some 

who was 

Hie gentleman, 

• . ig and handsome, was 

tenancc, at. .; . and bril- 

d, he 
and a 

think the 

iw the reason why 

will 

rough 

■-, not 



men of 1 I have often ob- 

tl that, . 

becoi I oppress -.-. 

turc 

a mourniug-vcil. Every shrub and 

flon iin itself. 

in the v. 

lubbling of courtieis and 
I of musk nl. 
use Lies, To-di 

however, the COtUI 
beauty; peace cl • 
the mofi 

ami •- heart . 

it return 

He sprang from his horse. 

l« my portfolio and mv 

ilh, 

ig count turned in 
:ion of I lose tall 

1 the fides ol 

led by young Br-h 
Bend 

■diet to ml , boi the 
count contmti '-'.Ik until 

• certain Bj 
ed h .. :i B large nioss-c. 

ed stone. Through an o\ 
the forest he 

whole deportment and mil 
expressed caic and 1 

also is a thinker. 

- and the su' 
of his mc 

id than ai 
of mi 

of care! He is ■ 

some the w. I 

of the little brook may 



3io 



The Trozvcl or the Cross. 



into his parched meadows. Idle 
work, my dear fellow! If you 
should succeed in turning its fertiliz- 
ing streams into your land, and if 
you should enrich the soil with the 
sweat of your brow, the terrible mili- 
" tary ordinance will devour the fruits 
of your labor. If you have sons 
who are healthy and strong, they 
cannot be of assistance to you, for 
the army will claim their service. 
The minister of war is insatiable in 
his demands, and it is necessary that 
he should be so, for we are living in 
strange times." 

He continued to gaze musingly 
upon the scene before him. Gradu- 
ally his countenance assumed an earn- 
est and almost solemn expression ; 
his bright eyes became dreamy, as if 
communing with spirits of the invisi- 
ble world, until, as though yielding 
to some mysterious impulse, he seiz- 
ed his pencil, and began to write. 

Suddenly a gruff voice was heard. 
The poet is startled out of his dreams. 
Four elegantly dressed gentlemen are 
seen coming up the road, and ap- 
proach the circle. 

" Who can escape his fate ?" said 
the young count angrily. "The 
heavenly muses are put to flight by 
hostile spirits; but what do I see?" 
he continued, looking through the 
branches at the group. Three of the 
most powerful men of the kingdom ? 
Three master-masons and the grand- 
master of all the Freemasons with- 
in a circumference of three hun- 
dred miles ? What can bring these 
sons of night to this peaceful spot ? 
1 hope they will not remain long 
enough to poison the fragrant air 
with their foul plotting and plans. 
Truly, their presence has already 
effected ;» change : the sun does not 
shine as brightly, and it is becoming 
cloudy." 

He then sat listening. 

•• I do not understand you. pro- 



fessor," said the person 
gruff voice. " To say the 
a very singular fancy of y< 
fend the Jesuits." 

" No fancy at all, Hen- 
it is simply the result of kr 
replied the professor. 

" The knowledge acquir 
high-school is certainly w 
answered the director, wit! 
ing laugh. " But your efli 
fend the Jesuits surpasses 
bounds of knowledge !" 

" If you scorn knowle< 
right and truth are in que 
will surely allow a man 
judgment to have some i 
that which is founded on f 
the university professor, 
warmth. 

'• Oh ! you have my per 
say what you choose betv 
green walls," exclaimed tin 
pointing with his hand to 
young fir-trees. 

" And you, most worshij 
master — do you also allo\ 
expression of opinion ?" in 
professor of a man with a g 
whose eyes and features ii 
disposition of great craftine 

" Certainly ; we are not i 
sonic lodge," replied the | 
addressed. " I am not gr 
here, but a simple chief- r 
Be careful, however, in yo 
sions, we might be overhea 

The professor walked a 
circle, and looked in every 

*• There is no one withi 
distance,"' said he, returnin 

" This is growing intei 
must take notes of what 
spire." said the invisible c( 
he at once commenced 
down what he heard. 

" Oar order has cetermi 
the extermination of the 
well I As this resolution has 
ed. it no longer admits of del 



he Trowel or the i 



3" 



MM 
■ 



' : . 

mawD, but as a close 
vex of matters and thir: 

all sides 
i the Je- our 

clothed t 
[anucot of Old Cat thai 

■ I from the st 

: tile 
ite. In Darmstadt, our I 
far as to a 

ant 

cx- 

All our 

-rs denounce the Jem 

i.p a hatred of them among 

icmen, in my 

man of common s< 

lood and 
Here is a i : apcr 

WSf,' ;roducin>: 

bkh 

|a»ots to incite the fcai 

. 

lii .1 which 
eucB 

i to the crimes of 
have 
■Hlated t 

peal- 

young and 
id matrix i •ecu 

;nd insat 
\ 
I 

beings, dt 

I to death 
ommand. 

and 

•toy lair- :: wiii! % 

J* ooc nation againa the other; 

: to the cross, 
an all-gin ^ming 



love. But what caps the climax 
•ek to effect the ruin 

With unheard-of cruelty, they c\ , 
1 freedoi 
birth. 

iperors who 

obtain ilicir end, they destroy the 
re of nations, and humble 

ccs into the very dust. 
Like pli- 

tipon ens 
ed luinki ■ to 

carry out their base di 
c*pi- bea 

us— in a v ihe enemies 

with ttho: has now 

bat." 

v, gentlemen, 1 ask of 

the professor, holding up the 

paper, "are not the* cms 

most riil mi? A 

long chain of I .mi 

of the most diabolical designs are 

the Soc. ,us r 

not •- tingle one of these 

. be provo!. They arc 

cM bm appeal a* si 

"To an intdl 

not wriua 
people, but only for the i 
<l." 

of the ! 

c fulfils its end; it is e 
ill the mind 

trust of | 

ii." 

sai<l 

•; the 
re- 
plied the proi bow-, 

that the 
attack upon the Jesuits will I 



3 12 



The Trowel or the Cross. 



ed in history. A future age will judge 
for itself, and I fear it will decide in 
favor of a society which in our days 
is assailed with such senseless fury. 
Posterity will look upon the present 
treatment of the Jesuits as not only 
contemptible, but as cowardly and 
wicked. According to the testimony 
of centuries, the Society of Jesus is 
the most active, the purest, the most 
influential and learned order of the 
Catholic Church. The Jesuits arc 
acknowledged to be the best teachers, 
the most prudent instructors of youth, 
the most experienced confessors, and 
tne most zealous priests. They are 
known as the vanguard of Rome; 
they are wonderful in mortification 
and in obedience, and are always 
ready to make any sacrifice whatever 
for the church. I can prove this by 
innumerable passages from Protestant 
works." 

" It is not necessary, I-Icrr Profes- 
sor!" interrupted the grandmaster. 
" The Jesuits are no doubt excellent 
people. The society is a masterly 
organization ; each member obeys 
without contradiction the commands 
of an experienced general ; they form 
the strongest bulwark of Rome; for 
that very reason, they must be sup- 
pressed. ' The Trowel or the Cross !' 
that is to be the watchword ! The 
trowel, the symbol of Freemasonry, 
must triumph over the cross, the 
symbol of Christianity. According 
to the spirit and plan of our order, 
all religion must disappear from the 
face of the earth. The trowel must 
reign, the cross be broken. As the 
Catholic Church gives the strongest 
support to religious belief, and be- 
cause the Jesuits arc the most active 
propagators of the doctrine of Christ, 
it is necessary that the Jesuits should 
be exterminated." 

" Well, Herr Counsellor, I agree 
with you," replied the professor. 
'■ The death-sentence has been pro- 



nounced upon the Jesuits, 
be executed ; but, to accon 
a result, neither brutal for 
interference of the govermro 
be used; we should call 1 
to aid us in gaining th< 
There are perhaps two hund 
in the whole German Emj 
there is one Jesuit to twen 
men. Now, I ask you, wil 
disgraceful to our enlight 
if twenty well-informed fjoi 
not render inefficient the a 
one Jesuit ? Will it not b 
ending cause of shame tc 
science if it cannot gain th 
over such a small number ol 
and persecuted men ? It is 
ing to my pride to use sue 
for the extermination of 
band of enemies. Science 
made to destroy the Societ) 
but not a decree issued in th 
the barbarous and tyrannic: 

" Don't talk to me abi 
sciences !" said the gr: 
impatiently. " I am an ol< 
enced Freemason, and you 
lieve what I tell you. Sci 
not be able to disconcert 
Jesuit Do not forget, de; 
sor, that the Jesuits are pro 
all the sciences, and that th 
stand how to fight upon (list 
We must not skirmish long 
an enemy ; we must advance 
and must concentrate all o 
for the great battle. It rail! 
decided — the trowel or tl: 
If the dominion of the cr 
cease, the religion of Jesus 
reth must disappear; if tht 
Freemasonry is to obtain th' 
then the Jesuits must first 
minatcd by every possible n 

A deep murmur came fro 
a large tree in the vicini 
sound proceeded from tl 
farmer, who, having walkec 
his meadows, was on his retu 



The He Cross. 






voices in animated 
, and he lost no ii: 
iinsc" • c. There 

id-shouldi 
arte: 

then clinch hi 
aid » lances at the 

jp of Freenmons. 
most 
»ns" remarked the profi 

- decree of suppression, 
juld be ea 
nber of Ij 
am belong actuall 

he is a narrow-minded man, 
i not govern, but is gov 

ill M.isods have e.v 

ns of the ii Pope 

?\d the 
ing the wo; 

i :'l , 

i not govt i 

uc for a 

not 1>C ii 
BUt 31 

them 

U»c claim* 

;:an 
roim- 

■ 

:ntries 

In I iSoo 




at of the jmpes, the 

his seat above the i 

:rs arc cv 
Om to mir CI 
the trowel will surely 

the | 

Tou are mistaken in re 
•• The Emperor and the I 

I OBI 

is no", kfl 

dreams that after the <i: 

altar follows that c 

cross b well adapted for tl. 

..nccs, but not the trowel 
pose die cni[ » 

ordei ? 

never km 

'• If tl 

w rascally I 

at these fellow 

grandmaster, •■ 

driven out, an- 

done I 
•■ I am not 

I yet I sill 

plied the . 



314 



The Trazvcl or Hit Cross. 



vor, be 

rest] "iiat we i 

■ . 

th iu all 
■ 
: of 
scic: the 

be the most sue: 'thcrs of 

i of 
thrones, to the 

• 
ithout a God) with 
beau 

. 
liberty in lif. th, thai] 

whol ■ dedicated in sub- 

mission to ! of our on! 

The grandmaster nodded his 
I approving!;, enlr the 

group were si. nee 

r able to 
coin: into the 

circle. in his hand, 

• wish, good ii. 

i the gr. 

•- 1 bave beat ;bout the 

. have a 

chance, I them a little." 

>e work:" 

lied the counsellor, concealing his 

. loud co: 

•' How do you know that wc are 

l'rccmasoi : the dirt, 

- I know I have been 

;.illg tO J 

farmer, 
confusion now became genc- 

Ed you bear? " ask. 
=or. 
•• 1 heard enough ! But I tan: 

on- 

your motives 

farmer, 

with 

that you wiil expel the Jesuits, and 



exterminate 

■pie 

will fa al>ja 

that 

Jesuits arc. 1 
some one said that the skull 
Catholics should be be. 

the skull of th' 

to come near our parish 

pose of driving away on: 

Jesuit father. I 

think," he lc he shoot 

l 

bonds and good-for-tioti 
like you who do not bt 
I, nor in a heaven, nor in » 
'.hat wc »»B 
:lves to be trampled 
loot, that we wil 
to be 

cd, our priests abused and expelled? 
Do you think that wc 
fools? Commence your wc: 
you will see what will happen 

well to keep out ol 

i ongcr tlun your trowels, 
fence, in case of nccc. 
lawful 

the most power- 
lerin the world 
K>ks of the angry man, were 

i you see thecrossupon : 
pic of the church there ? " asked the 
farmer, pointing to the village beyond. 
'• How 

i that cross from the i 
the cross upon which the S 

i lied for us — and pot on % 
dirty mason-trowel ? Hal fa 
too rii : 

a Jesuit, 
il the professor, 
bland tune uf voice. 



The Trowel or the Cross. 



3'3 



our pastor u a 
n with 

ity of 

1 can lei 

: thcr is so good, 
, so i 

to un- 
tnay 
then, 

i»cn, i Ise 10 

If you think so much 
;nd about thi 

j our minis- 

and if you arc 

ui tlit: i . why 

I heap burdc.i urden 

he shoulders oi the pt 

• >wing 
i crcry day ? Why bit that the 
pi 

: case, 

ire arc in danger of being 

work in the end only for 

t ? S sons, these 

you 

.. 
the Jesuits 



pon ... or ... " and he 
made a threatening ' jj 
be sor: 

•iheim, from yonil 
said ; 
He p 

walked away with 

sons preserved a deep 

i he at their c\ 

discomfiture. 

•■ ■ 

powi of the Jesuits," ftaid 

dmastcr. •* The| He- 

ras formed] a re- 

iow they 

■ 
leave I" continued lie 
rfly. "The clock < ■: 

!!ur. 

■• On the 14th of thi . at 

eleven o'clock precisely ! " rcj 

1 ! cold, g< 

remarked 1! 

upon they al 



chapter it. 












ifecel 



Uiivc mood, the coupt 

had disappeared, and 
eearoestnc 

id he 

to l>c the ird of 

gorcrn; Thrones 

is of the all 

The 



1 over 1 






arc to become the he libcr- 

rigli 

God. A 

out doubt, more wkked and d 
gerous to the unk- 

enncss. 

w; 1 13c 
count, laughing. " H< 

free! Like .-. the 

iting 

1 
through the streets of the village, ob- 



3i6 



The Trowel or the Cross. 



served with pleasure the universal 
cleanliness that prevailed, and return- 
ed politely the friendly salutations of 
all who greeted him, after which he 
entered his hotel. When he had dined, 
and while reading the newspaper, 
his servant appeared. 

" Some men are here, your lord- 
ship, who desire to speak with you." 

" Who are they ?" 

" Good people from the country, 
your lordship." 

" Send them up !" 

Slowly, and bowing respectfully, 
at least a dozen villagers entered the 
room. The count at once recognized 
the tall form and broad shoulders of 
Franz Keller. The men were dress- 
ed in their Sunday attire, and their 
weather-beaten countenances were 
full of care and solicitude. 

" What can I do for you, my 
friends ?" began the count, who saw 
their embarrassment. 

" We have come here on business, 
your lordship," said the leader of 
the little troop. " I am the burgo- 
master of this place, and these men 
are the aldermen." 

" I am greatly rejoiced to make 
the acquaintance of the principal men 
of Weselheim," replied the young 
count kindly. " What is the nature 
of your business with me ?" 

" I will tell your lordship. For 
three years we have had a Jesuit 
father as our pastor — a good, pious, 
and zealous priest. The government 
lias, for the last four months, endeav- 
ored to take him away from us, be- 
cause he is a foreigner. He has re- 
o.'ivcd no less than three letters or- 
dering him to leave, but he will not 
desert his post. He says that the 
i.'ovemmcnt did not make him pastor 
•A our church, but the bishop, and 
t ".er.-fore government cannot dismiss 
...:;i from the care of souls. But be- 
cause the Freemasons hate the Jesu- 
its, and because they are all-powerful 



with the government, our pas 
be taken away from us by fora 
whole congregation are indie 
this, for it will be difficult 
another pastor like him. 
gendarmes come, I do not 
myself that they will not be 
out of the village; we all f< 
it would be a sin crying to 
if we allow a pious, innocent 
be taken away by gendarni 
a thief. No ; we shall never 
to such treatment ! Now, the 
humble request to your lo 
to-morrow, or after to-morn 
most gracious king will arriv< 
palace yonder, and, since you 
ship is the friend of his maje: 
entire parish beg of you to s; 
our behalf, so that we may be 
keep our pastor." 

"I thank you, Herr Burgo 
and all the parish for the con 
they place in me," said the 
" At the same time, I must conf 
it is a long time since I hav< 
any praise of the Jesuits; the 
is now to heap insult upon 
and to accuse them of every 
crime." 

" I ask pardon, your loi 
said Keller ; " only those who 
know the Jesuits will ever insii 
We know them. Our Jesuit 
is a very pious man ; he has i 
— or at least one onl y." 

" Well, what fault has he ?" 
ed Count von Scharfenstein. 

" He gives away everytl 
the poor, your honor," repli 
burgomaster. " He keeps i 
of what we give him ; the lay 
who lives with him carries i 
to others. A man must e 
drink well if he expects to worl 

" Very true !" said Von Sc 
stein, hardly able to restrain a 
'• And because your pastor d 
eat and drink well, he therefo 
not work well either." 



The Trow// or the Cross. 



317 



Ih ! yes, your honor, oh ! yes. I 
ot mean to say that. Wl 

il our pastor 
:d, but that be doc 
wtigb, and therefore looks pale 
thin annot make him 

£u." And the burgom.. 
I satisfied glance at his own well 
shoi • If we give him 

By best we haw, he will not eat 
t gires it away, and that pro- 

Soosole yourselves!" answered 

Scharfeii poor to 

B j» r gives the best he 

iscd with htm 

ison that 

inch an incorrigible friend of 

ic to the king in 

>aid 
one of : as they 

Sch x thoughts 

clouds, and who 
1 c course 
fogs 
id thoughtfully up and dow 1 

love, 
of the * 
t, at a 

ported by 
c, excited in him gTcat ad- 

for 
B is ?exy natural." said 
t grandmaster is right : 

tossiblc to plant the banner 
Bilclity upon is of the 

as long as t 

on of tl 
kal blunder. 'Hie case 

, I must take a look at the 




. 



1 overcoat anil 

ight. 
gons were re: 
fields. Those 



met .-, or spok 

in carried 
small bundles uj 1 heads, 

grown person? 

them. It was a scene <( ani- 
mated 

y word Wl 
work ended in the most peaceful 
manner. ingwasrepi 

cd every evening daring urn 

of the cou: : but, 

: in rural 
be was astonished at all that he 
saw. 

in the middle of the 
laden 

the horses rcfi 

standing the efforts of the di. 
ml could not I 

at or ili-lre.i! . lT.tI 

peasants came to off.: 
the wheel 
for the animals would no: move. 
" 1 do not know vfa 
the horses to-d.v. 

r. •• I have not ovcrlo 

"Just a little too much, J. 

L 

i^cc all hats and cap* an 

1 form now approached. 

if r.n the • 
■ 
good priest. •• Well, Prantncr, what 
has happened 

■ ;r reverence, the horses will 
not J- i 

ause they want to rest a 
replied the Jcsui!. "We do the 
same when wc arc id it is a 

I he, 
with a glance at 1. ■ 
{OB, 
•• I have just told him th 

ked 

rhaps— bu: Prantncr knows 



318 



The Trowel or the Crots. 



that his horses arc very strong, and 
he therefore has great confides 
them," aid the pastor. " The)' are 
•pie . patting the brood 

necks of the horses, and stroking their 
manes. The horses commenced to 
snort, to toss their heads, and to paw 
the ground. " Ah ! see, they like 
to be complimented," he ( 
cheerfully. " Lei us always acknow- 
ledge merit, and that which m 
difficult will then become easy. 
Now, Pramner, go on I" 

Ujr stepped 
back, when the horses proceeded on 
their way without further urging. 

rex any one like our 
pastor V exclaimed the peasants, in as- 
tonishment. " He understands every- 

ng, so laii 

:, who 
is dying, and who refuses to be iccon- 
»ith his neighbor." 
" M: I very 

stubborn ; may Almighty God grant 
him a happy i 
the H 

The count, who had watched the 
vent his way. 
ing spirit of this pai 
U evidently the Jesuit, and he deserves 
to be," th" 

i now rang ; at once 

every head was uncovered ; for the 
silvery tones of the bell ! the 

. the 
Son of God Prom all the houses 
resounded the angelic saint*! 
sometin-.. .ices 

of th> 

it a pity that those men of the 
trowel ate not here to shake their 
etspiy heads compassionately at the 
pious sages of an ignorant but be- 
ttering people !" said the © 
"In my opinion. I people who are 
reminded thrice during the day of the 
inca rn a t ion of the Sou of God, and 
who are <i to walk in the 



presence of the On:: 
than a people who 

er the justice or the m 

Before the of 

there stoo<l sevt 

The count 
out of curiosity, at»d lo 
well-lighted room. The tab! 
the wall was covered with 
cloth. Between two l»u: 
stood a crucifix and a liol 
At the bedside of the dying 
the Jesuit father, m 
exhortations. He bdd the 
the sick a 
frequently bend his fa 
as though expecting some rcpl 
loot of the be 

hands. Two your: 

sad 
pressed countcnam 

•• What is the matt 
cd the count, in a low tone. 

one of the women. •' Mich 
carpenter i* dying,' and 

cam ■ sacra 

•• Why not ?" 

For the List ea 

has come several lim 

him, in order to persuade hi 

reconciled ; but 

to any advice. It is a 

one to be so m:i ad iAw 

At this moment, there 
ment in the skk-rooi 
man who k i 

house 
"At last, :\i 

1 has a> 
B Christian I" 

man was now sccai 
room: he was the c 
bnr. The 
emaciated hand to 

ibor took, although near! 



Country i iingland. 



3«9 



Th< id a few 

reconcile 

ok bands. li-.L- women 

loudly 

fon Schari >?also 

. and bur- 

now bring the holy viati- 
l a voi 

i be to God 1° said another, 
returned slowly to the 



" I have until now examined only 
sup< : i ito the oi 

Jesuit lather, 

lie works rk- 

combat each oti mot 

be otherwise. The arc 

nattu 

. 
teal and prudence. The trowel 

kocy as long 
e cross is defended by Such brave 
soldiers, so well trained to i 



to u cohcu. x 10 iir ova mext h- mii«. 



COUNTRY LIFE IN ENGLAND. 

»V AX DC6UKH CATirOUC. 



t foreigner," that 
in Englisl 

own often just criticisms, 
c or 
inlcss h< 
mtiy mans 

. 
true, even if he have 
ing in the Lake coun- 
■ 
ilverhampton, 
■ 
iiij; ti 
iled tfa 

of 

iluli as life in agricultural 
r all, social life 

igh the uni- 
tlie XIX; 

■ "ir upon the 

;es and ii 
hilk; 



and hiding alike its various flowers 
;iml daflercat we© and 

there some landmarks ot 
social syi . hold their he 

above this anil ; pall of s..:. 

ncs< 1 • ditionally 

ten.:' 

•-■fully so :■.: 
at times rather absurdly so, abi 
Bnl die i ist" 

> well knoun much at- 

ure than by sober 

"life is often imitated 
•nt B 
1 1 ion 
icial Eng not be ti 

Died, as is evident by a very sim- 
ple reason. It has ii 
wlv i. .ical 

• in of the Sax 

Dd feudal it is 

bourn th the tcrritoi 






Country lift in £«y 



iuaiks n* much and more 
position, 
irparliain -titutions. Ii 

>rth notice thi 
beginning of the great Kcvol.: 

■cial 
.. ].and> 
ed propri le court office- 

holders ; they contrasted their " dull " 
:encc with tlic brilliant and mcrc- 
nicd the 
lives of their hickier (Heads, and, 

tri- 
he disgraceful suc- 
cesses of certain courtiers, they be- 
e absentees, spent more than 

mortgaged and cncumV 
. would yield, had recourse to 
it all hold on the 

ed the hatred of some 
the contempt of all. The i 
nobles who, during the Ri i 

. unt on a guard of fa! 

nts, 
•act f Brittany — tl»e nigged 

... 
Dong the tenantry, and whose 
iwlcdge of farming and hunting 
made them the duly companion 
ihc class whom they headed. When 
asants of La 
ithfol to those 
".thful to them, 
e the court favorites were he- 
rd by the very « 

ir at> 

:cllt. 

This unfc i of neglect 

tame ex: 

though, during the brilliant rcijjn of 

me poison of this kind 

began to creep into the habits of the 

i pon the whole, the 

:'. ; : ■ 

ly lived .,'. .\ as 

Hpr -essions. and, if 

• :> of Terror," this is 
• i reasons. The gTeat 



land-owners of a co 

ally cf t: 
divide among dm 
and political offices ; the Lot 
High Sheriff, the 
the local magistrates, arc ad 

■ 
tonally interested in the in 
progress of the county. 
manor-house is a petty court 
md offenders of a rniw 
such as poachers, window-br 
and the like, arc tried and sen 
;>atch as 
the wjuires 
whood. There is gew 
yearly agricultural show, and 
tbe gentlemen are 
bleeders, or keep stu 
ipoies, a:. 
arc more or less poi 

■ community meets with 

eager | 

md milk 
to the rural national gn 
European '.arc 

mere 
pride in their accoutrcmc. 
is a healthy token of sound 
feeling; the officers are the 
men of the county, the tame 

I 

their military tenant 
rent-dinner. As for this gatbc 

thriving men who at; 

Jited by an u 

flow Of £' 

. 
rural :ecl: 

at til - nam 

nrat ; the 
ol the farmers' pipes become) 
times rather dense, and 

a has a 
'• he n like i 

doubt; but, for al 

re reassuring 
■ 
ore charming 



lire mind than this unfeigned 
Itty and baronial go • 

ght be said, speaking broad- 
t to a gentleman, there 
Bg like a farmc 

has his pride of caste 
cent l i-iitiy u 

:rb or of 
his famflj ten lived 

I, under the same 
owned the same allegiance 
loblc 
l for centuries back. Of no- 
in of this, and 
lie cntcr- 
family 01 nng 

e ut- 
.■: than his conduct. 
iftcT effect, but homely 
■■:; no attempt 
thes, but cordial and un- 
king; re 
contrary to independe 

- estate, it haiipencd, 
about a hundred or more 

of G 

| married the pretty daugh- 
. both 
ig now on the same 
lien the farmer looks to- 
I 
roai his capacious pew in 
marble monu- 
tress, who 
the wife of a mat 
' no We birth, and get i 
his goodf Lfterthe 

her first , she mar- 

tin Tom, the great local 
man of his times.) Her por- 
' robes and er- 
ict, hangs conspicu- 
>m of the fami- 
Hnion. ler two > i 

liMsbands . 

her, the one in the 

■<9 of a peer, the 
I liar green velvet 



i a fox-hound by 

The farmers of the midland coun- 
are often landowners on then 
account, and, far from being 
rent or adverse to sport, the] 
its chief encourager*. Fox-hunting 
is an instinct with tl 
ness they bear to their landlord*. 
You never hear a complaint of field) 
ridden over, or crops injured; the 
orei nil own 
. or break through bit own 
fences, utterly 

but the pursuit of the fox Mean- 
is a thing unknown to them, 
and yet you will hardly meet many 

are extravagant. There i 
broadness of i city 

fordoing or ti petty, 

a love of Old-World customs and he- 
reditary modes of though.!, I 
tO keep them nut of (hi ii.ii- 

rownosi bora of 

and, while it makes them less si; 
peculating, nial 

ibk, 
lunded !)>• web people 
:u they are the pets and the 
. the children of the land: 
cannot fail to grow up healthy in n 
and bodj, full Oi fun and fr.inlir 

torts and | 
learni m to manage land 

and crops, entering heartily into the 

they will 

. !■> rule, 

handling the prejudices of their c 
re co-lab". 

r, and stronger still with e. 
ceding generation. men 

the 
eapacioiu 

long enough to tell their mas: 
grand how die I at 

coming of age " fifty years ago, 
while their own little grandchildren 



3>a 



Country Life in England. 



laugh n» they think that, in a few 
yearn more, there will be another 
•• ( oming of age," an 'l that they, too, 
will dame at the old hall, and taste 
I lift wonderful tile their father told 
I lift in of when they passed the ghost- 
ly Maim leading down to the great 
iftllili. 

Then (nine the weddings of the 
<t>iujil>tria ol the house, and, as they 
Ii.ivr lieeu familiarly known in the 
village nearest their home by all the 
pooler i nttage tenants Mill the Sun- 
day m Imol ( liildicn, the young brides 
li ii< 1 tlii> whole population personally 
enlliuoiaqiie over each detail of the 
i riciuoiiy. Young men and girls 
hive- neiit the ladies of the ''house" 
liilligliuj midiali mul delicacies to 
tin u puoi dying parents, and strew- 
intl iimtly lli.weis over their plain 
loliim in I ho i hiiichyard \ and they 
it iiu itilu-i llu i as the same fair girl 
n In mi iliev M-w itiiitWliT to them in 
lln ii noiiow, tii.ii upon herself 
.iiniilu i ami a lilclong ministry with 
l in- ln.pi ml (iiiti i>l youth and the 
linly i.iiiinty ol love. Again, as 
ii... Utile. 1 1. me. loiih, the children re- 
iui.ml...i |liv< lent* in the grounds, 
tie,, .ii mini ol l.iiin and cakes thrown 
inii. ill. n piii.iloic* at leaving, the 
I. Ii.liiiul lompi on the lawn, the ad- 
,i niiii.'ii. low ioiiiiO the pond which 
in. ii mi i ( ;iu iiioii in ignilieil into a 

.1 ami -,i i all tlw I'UmMIU'M, OUt- 

I i'u , m. I iii. loot'., which were usso- 

i.i I mill llie sight and presence 

.i ii.ii i. mlii, while robed, and 

,, i.u ii iuii.il limine. 'I'hus, while 

1 1, , ii ,li., id. 1 1 in lions in rural 

i , I ili iv no no i lavs divisions, 

., I in. I m.i.ieii, landlords 

, i i .i .i.i i inn, a. ii \ietv, one clan 

.a iui.lv ,t ■ and reciprocal 

.,,,. .ii.. 

1 1, ,, i I 1 . , oimiit in so much 

.,, , i . ., i i i I 1 1. iii iii (own, All 

, , , i 'i i i i!> ei.iiiiievl ; books 

. i i, in- i.-iulanlly pour- 



ing down from London : 
compulsory, as is the genus 
caller" in town, who lea: 
terly exhausted, and asks 
whether " Lady So-and-so 
night was not perfectly dc 
while his general air of bo: 
claims that he is surfei:!-' 
mundane delights — guests r 
this inane specimen of her 
chosen friends, gay, whtj 
are at hand at the shortest 
those whose life is cut out I 
morning rambles for thi 
moonlight effects for the 
hours of leisure for the s 
wide field of usefulness foi 
table; a matchless oppo: 
indulging in the woman-gc 
out which that essentiall 
institution, five o'clock tea. 
" flat, stale, and unprofita 
last, not least, the best c 
marriage that any sort of s 
course can afford. 

The only drawback to tl 
things is that it sometime 
a little too artificial. Eve 
may be aped, and, indeed, 
tendency of the day, as : 
tendency in former days 
shepherdesses were repre: 
ladies of fashion in silk 
ribboned crooks, and hi 
shoes. But this pseudo-rust 
the real, tangible pleasures 
the country. Studied sir 
worse than studied art. 
dies " got up " like Dres 
are not peasants, and ha 
the charms nor the meri 
sants. They are probab 
and so miss the freshness s 
by their costume ; and the; 
pable of work, and so mis 
fulness also distantly sug 
their dress. In one expres 
they are a ilium. 

There are many houses 
where healthful pleasure is 



Country Life in Englah 



ism finds favor — 
re the chapel is 
from ihc drawing-room, sod where 

I and 
bats, meet silently to fireet lnC ' r 
Miker before they enjoy his gi 
tot d 
s'dock gathering roiiml the brcak- 

ble — a picture in 
tejht tLnn< iWtrsi!:. 

china, and 

fray faces joyously eager for the 

programme of amusements. 

hriup ■ be seen — 

ing — 
is a church. 
-tainly one of the 
: inheritances of the old land, 
the way in "' have 

crv- . well for the 

ii of the 
In • ionic 

amine live fcatun 
liiidlj 

.'., and the bclis arc generally 
»«aj ::« a square massive lowi 
utvl of a steeple. In ihc mil 
onmiies, on the contrary, ?" 

:eat feature; there is one at a 
hie Tillage called Kctton, which is 
■liough i: 

od»ii». Wiclififc's church, at Lut- 

for the 
Pfcttof a large 

I 

f At »: 
■*» et. 

s it nates that, dc- 
monka and bishops, he in- 

populao.- 

.to trans- 

>rtu chur r us 

old faith a more intci 

TV*' 

"s in a vcr\ 

rs are not 



of . iotc simply and ho: 

in than many of those skil- 
f-il pro lu when 

the | 

his execution of a ight 

lg him than of the sole. 

I in the subject itself I 

solid-loo! .on 

the right side, the angel ping 

the gooii 

on the left, the <!c 

service to the wick) le of the 

torn I :cn, as if ider 

by an <- :he sleek- 

stand bolt U] 

dose heir occupants cree; 

quietly out ; while in others the i 

joint a, not yet rc- 

l.-.i.l: into human shape, or a ski 

ton Li detected i with 

i 'CSS. 

■ is porta] 
on i bn( the exj 

even in the skeletons arc v. 
cm , ■ ■ arc distoi 

l of the derm 
prominendy drawn. If there is a 

. of harm 
whole composition, it is quite C 
pensaied for by the evident can 
i!ic artist, the gravity of 
angi 

:.'■.'?. As an archxol 
cal memorial, very 

few such specimens of Catholic art 
of so eai 

Some of I .-5 arc 

bca: 

tolk moil 

entwonhi] 

. the 
Bed I iv ii 
sug. . All Hallow-. 



3*4 



Country Life in England. 






Mary'*, S. Chad's. Others, however 

art- : eglccted, though this is 

disappearing, together 

with the '"K P ar- 

sons of irgUn era, and all 

other laxities of an unusually stag- 
" nant age. The music in these coun- 
try churches is not always equal to 
the imposing exterior, . I ium 

in the choir beings 

lercwith to guide and sustain the 
voices. Still, this is a step in the 
right direction, as formerly the ut- 
most a village church could boast of 
composed of the 
.emaker with a dilapidated 
fiddle and the smith with a bass-viol 
out of tunc. Any self-elected, occa- 
sional amateur with a strong or a 

iling voice would be, of i 
welcome addition, but the instrumen- 
tal ground-work might be always de- 
pended upon. Most churches near 
family seats have remarkable monu- 
ment.--, same of the ancient Kii/.a- 
iictha:) Style, with rows of decorous 
ten praying in bas- 
relief at the (eel of their dead parents, 
their qu heavy-folded 

robes, and immense ruffles seeming 
marvellously to suit the immol 
of the material ii 
sculptured ; some, again, dating back 
to I of the Crusaders, but 

many, unfortunately, of the pseudo- 

io a Ca- 
tholic mind seem both ! 
absurd. Fancy a Cupid with 
bandaged and torch inverted as 
emblem of that sacred grief for the 
dead which is inseparably mingled 

■ ■ the steadfast 
tian for the day of ream 
Or again, as we once heard a sarcas- 
tic friend aptly c.y B « oraau 
crying orer a tea-urn ! Really, some 
of these monuments arc no better 
than that, and deserve no other de- 
scription. How much more digni- 

: arc those ancient Gothic tombs 



where t, stately figure 

knight and his wife, a bishop, 
00 a bed, in the 
of expectation, net In 
simulation of life, n 
some vulgar heath.- 

A visit to the parish chu: 
ordl: ittononthc 

ing of a r a cc 

house, after which there will 
be croquet, that « 
:rn and English 

pretty enough if on« 

make up one's mind to c< 

thing id 

grown-up children. 

lawn, and ladies arc eve 

ful in the choice of a croquet co 

A lor the groun- 

miring a tret 

Dgtouia is general. 

-and sauntering ll 
the hot-houses, occu 
luncheon, M 
passion for rare trees an 
often carry home fr. 
tries seeds and cones 
grounds at home. We havi 
tvenna pine, grown 
i the eel 

of its kind 

throve well, and filled a consii 
apace garden. The < 

beech is a very favorite sp 
tree i 

Dg the sluded grc< i 
foreign oaks, and fir-.: 

the ladies of a ho 
to whose share fall th 
and I 

the 
Singly taken throe 
glass, the whole thing is un 
special supervision of the inaste 

house, I.ordli ofT is 

man, and not very active, on a 
i aired health; 



: 



Englart 



fond of horticulture, he 

tOrc&id-ri larljr, area 

[oofctt man 

pecks of these lovely 

loom .-it ail tiiaes of the 

uJ the conservator)- into 

i some of these glass passages 

:.icc of camellias, azalias, 

I other rare at :e flowers. 

nlcn and grounds arc mostly 

;rness of rhododendrons, of 

magnificent, far 

cover even the LJets of the 

amkial lake*. But the most beau- 

tail of lx>rJ K "s floral possessions 

itke fernery, where seven or eight 
Hen Zealand arborescent ferns 
SfTuI their palmlikc branches over- 
g the glass roof above 
*», and saggesting the earthly 
landue to the lex.-.: 
■isd. The ground at th 
o»mcd with rock-woric overgrown 
»UB mosses and ferns of various 
soft, and « 

lae tangle, its very sound denoting 
OJotocss and repose. 
In the autumn and winter, til 

after breakfast, 
with sport or laden 
**Ji game, aboi. 
•nouncr. during the brief intern 
**een ion season ami the 

"* of September, the pleasures of 
'** ladies are shared 
kigkfs. A picnic »:. most 

**uiang resouro 

*t*ulil be n. it ; but 

•hat : common an occur- 

ence in the co i 

o o'clock recqrtion in the 

°P«a - i magnificent si 

«* wU ihtft-J'xuvrt of the culinary 

■ Let us suppose the tetalt to be 

^■••« pretty piece of water 

■•Saere and there into creeks fring- 

*J* rjceer little erection of no 
"■*•* uchitccture, neither 



■ Ma, but very conven- 
I even sufficiently i 
Clematis and honeysuckle 
over its m to the front ba 

irregular lawn vhicli is partly 
xl for the occasion. Ii. 
I are never quite sure 
getting our feet damp, and the flimsy 
■r toilets ap p ropriate to this 
social festivity would be but a .slender 
protection against wet weather. All 
the county, tar and E k«d — 

brides just returned from their: 
moon trip; old stay-at-home : 
childlike in the pleasure they exhibit 
novel occasion ; merry young 
people bent uii enjoying themselves 
to the atmo One Old lady has 

V informed her best 
friend about a wonderful new bonnet 
she 1: i purpose, and 

which turns out 10 he son 

illy and won. 
It is curious to sec the manj 
CM kinds uf vehicles that draw up at 

Old 

driven by the most ancient 

(and delightfully tyrannical) of (am* 

•• cars, 
by the complacent owner 
"Norwegian ears," draw:, 
mintitive pony Shet- 

land ; hired flics from the country 
town; open barouche* of unimpeach- 
able make, but painfully fllgj 
of the "shop"; two-wheeled dog- 
irriagc for the 
country, driven by young unmarried 
i causes a 

lllr among lb* '-merry inai 

as Sir Oawain called I | com- 

. in Ten 

," or caps 
car, Idled with cross-seats, I 
whole party from some neigh, 
mansion is comfortably and an. i 

i ; for not only ate neighbors, 
acquaintances asked, but 
iters they may hap,. 
have staying with them. When all 



3*5 



Country Lift in England. 






arc gathcTCvl, ms; 

and certainly the I ter- 

piece of floral decoration. The o 
too, has surpassc d the 

rjrest wines and fruits are lav. 
substantial ho 
tality. The ladi<. 
partem m themselves; tbepretl 

;it taste can dictate are worn 
. nd the beautiful pea- 
cock .mgc the banks of the 
lake must find them- tiled 
for once in their own domain. How 
this from a London 
"breakfast"! Hcie we have no 
simulated ennui, no cadi inks 
resulting from lie fhtj and 

>■ to get 
away, no empty forms i ical 

•inh- 
ering. After I 

;:— the largest 
manned by four stalwart " keej 
hereditary retainers of the family — 

•nd, 
■ itatc btu to 

speak) solemnly ( 
of the party around the pretty lake, 
the smaller skiffs, rowed by amateur 
oarsmen, and laughing 

freight of girls, go off to try the 
>us echo, or to sing glees near 
jc at the lower • 
This is not all the music, howc . 

(d in a boat that 
foIKi or some- 

■ let the guests hear the 
echo of a few loud notes sounded on 
the horn. The effect of the music, 
the echo, tin iiter 

of the younger guests as they row 

:ly from place to place, is hit 
reminiscence of the day* of I 

incse and h rc-loving 

m, At one end 
of the lake there is an old horse- 
chestnut, whose branches strctci: 
out over the water, and then droop 
ruling a green vault over a 
y little nook. It is dtrrkah 



steer a boat well in; therefore no 
boat past >ut trying. At the 

other end. the water is choked with 
weeds and tall bulrushes, and 

ation slopes to th< 

atifol '.unset lights playing on its 

Scot' 1 bringing oat the bhte 

liage in peculiar 

con:: ntcd, reddish 

stems; now and then a peaco 

lard, or the water-fowl 
take a swift, low i she sur- 

face of the water, while the s> 
move about as undisturbedly as 
the scene were to them an everyday 
Occui Presently the sunsets; 

the boats unload, and the carriages 
begin to get ready again. A few 
straggler- o«i 

■ to go home, 
take a stroll up to the graceful I 
temple raised on tl opposite 

'.ike; the view is pretty from 
there, and the hing looks 1 

x-r-color. 
But this is not all the pleasure 

a country visit affords: a great 
resource lies in tableaux rmtms. 
Very little trouble is nccc 
aorn i small stage is ke; ■ : 

readiness, or cin be extemporized 
in an hour, just when the 
is agTccd upon. Pictnres and poems 
arc bid , some- 

times a | vidently 

suggests such and such a use, and 
got up to 
I some costumes are so 

easy of arrangement that they 
are naturally chosj ue- 

not Lover," by Millais, is a very 
favorite ■- " I tian"s Dan 

. and there are '• Faith, Hope, 
and Charity." or other allcgor. 
figures, always at hand to fill up any 
gap in the inventive genius of the 
performers. But the best series wc 

think of is i 
i —repress 
the story embodied in Tennyson's 






: her War- 
How often we 

. 

tA; the year-old in the 

: white ami gold erabroi 

her i. a a and 

rlc hair es- 
the jewelled fillet, her 
sscd togct 

. his 

pdkl ; vcaled, and ih 

two who have borne liini in stand in 
Snsov in the background, 

wale il 
trod i 
■Wcp 

•rant of ornaj 
tspeur. 
«*iM . 

*d enhance its bean . . concl 

*e»c (the ' 

in) is the same, with ll 
dawn ' i nurse placing 

•w cli owed mother's 

•as, while the bereaved one h 
i) the babe a look ol 

. part of the la 

Irictiy 

aottt 
Poen; 

ir of the numer- 

* tol . leaiurcs i 

*** *i • others pcculift to 

Welt 

tt is. a vi ight, but 

'•^w mote so than when it 
t of an old manor . 

is going on. 

poetry. Tilt: 

■: a co&tu . 

re- 



• uning tankards of 

■ 

•:, while the fru. 
and county i host 

1 he house, 
up on 1 of 

dress by their scarlet, or, to speak 
more technically, theu r.ts. 

■ 

i a good 

Spot. , ioUS 

in a i a new 

and undi mid 

soldier to bear an unharmed 

or unbroken weapon out of 

the battle, in many 

are 
del coat, 
the rest of the dress being the oi 
nary costume of oi 

! ) i ).: : of the 

■ 
r, sonic < ck, 

and bust 

ih their little children 

or d 

ii< ling-habit, or more of) 

doth !iers 

.kin 
C'llectcd 
«, and answer 
whenever called ! the 

huntsmen. At but lb* le is 

off, and v iiaigin of the 

paik and grounds, till the sound of the 
horn and the crack of the whip die 
away in the distance, to be heard 
again a few hours later, when the 
whole field, after making a circuit of, 
say, ten miles returns to some 
cover lie ISC, where the HO* 

>w the huii they can 

ride, and, inch 



3=8 



Country Life in England. 



feats thai make them heroes in ■ 
small way in the eyes of their < 
panions. A few rears iff*, the 

in Gloucester- 
shire, dhringmshed himself in thia 
tiny gray p 

.: I iv DOine, kept tO close to the 
huntsmen that lie was always first m 
at the death, and IBM was 

the first to break a gap through a 
hedge or i all, through which 

the wltole field would follow i 
He often brought home "the brush " 
fox's tail), and the sportsmen from 
:<!e of the county uic<l 
to ride ten or twelve miles to the 
next meet to see the wonderful boy 
whose exploits and reckless daring 
were in every one' 

The early before the fox- 

hunting lias regularly begs 

with it, one of 
which is a nutting expedition. This 

MO— -.'far 
more amusing affair than the COO 1 

y meal known by that 
the cons-.n 
lion 

and soda-water. Him I baa 

often occupied a pleasant afiemi 

tion, especial- 
ly when a VI of 

ithered at 

K House. There W sen- 

tatii 

i:i office at ii i Manor. . 
court, who bi like* 
ncss to Prince Albert, and to whom 
the queen even spoke of this, to her, 
torn Very fresh and child- 
like was this young Prince S , and 

very different .rtain of his 

> temporaries, who, at 
eighteen, declare that lite is a tote, 
tcment a sham. These arc 
the men who discredit our cent 
and belie nature herself. They affect 
to have no I • | no 

hope in rciigion. Wt 



one of these when he first began 
go im lie was fresh 

: the most innoce 
trut 
way that was especially winning. 

and 
healthy amusement 
Add to this that lie was uneommor, 
good-looking, with dark hair 
eyes such as arc not often met 

nd was an only so 
heir to a fine Northern property, | 
of the family house dating as 
back as the Xllth centuj 
him two seasons later, and he 
hardly recognizable. 

omefcatii ithawearie 

i air marring them ; in htsi 
bt n 
Mce of lout early :. 
his greatest charm. He 
seem like a girl of seventcx. 
he v. making, a mis 

pe Of five anil thirty! lie < 

h WU B special accc 
nent of his), bond him. and ' 
there was nothing but pigcon-shc 
ing that excited him ! 
the famous matches at 
(a villa near London wl i 
; is done, and 
of late one of the most 
'./:; linn its of fashionable idlers, 
of the 
loveliest toilets), this young vi 
Of ennui li.tt- lly VC to seem 

fatten l beneath all this 

a soul worthy of great things ; a will 
that, guided aright) might achieve 
much good to society i i the 

try ; and i personality a 
1 for moral and intellectual suc- 
cess. And this energy was being 
thus wasted by day, while, according 
to his own confession, billiards occu- 
pied the greater part of his nights! 
r-M indeed, when her nan- 

linen is thus thrown away! Who 
would not look back with pride and 



Country Lip in England. 



329 



10 the days of the "good old 
gentleman," with his boit- 
taml rough purs: hunt- 

a], li:-. 
vitality . usc- 

thc young German, so 
■uth 
!oo drawing-rooms, there was 
kettle in thewoodsof 
: as good-natured as 
>•; ami, strange to 
was anotha 
y might have mistaken him for 
Prince of Wales. Otl 
there were, more lively and not 
ne with a suiilc 
was irresistibly comic, the other 
the profile of a S. Ignatius, and 
bplcs and habits that well su 

stance. sirls 

he party were well matched with 
companions, and looked very 
;s they toasted immciuc 
•xl at the er.il of forked 
tt a yard and a half 
Idea hair of 0:; 
ow-Uke figure and gravel)' 

.mother, the r< 
■4 a third, as they all joined in 
e torch for dry lire-wood, made a 



pretty sui a the 

midst of tin.- bustle, die Either, enjoy 
ing the young people's fun, gave a 
touch of path iced 

the beauty ol the rustic scene. 

A dtive home through the tall 
bracken, and along the roads 

of the numerous p > perhaps 

a 1 i '• Fort 

Henry," and a row to the Echo, suf- 
ficed to fill up the evening, and a 
project for p old 

Quaker • 'lie morrow W 

perhaps be discussed during dinner. 

It is no wonder that foreigners 
grow en: side of 

life ; the pity is that so many 
rash to England and leave it again 
before they have a chance of seeing 
;nily gathering in the country ; 
those who liave not seen it know 
little more of English society than 
wc do of the (hi 

•s after we have tasted 
the shape of can<i 
*enc Diaviog-room life is 

same in i rtbUTg, or 

York ; individualism thrii cs only 
the country, and it is there the 
: of a nation should DC 
studied. 



330 



Madame Agnes. 



MADAME AGNES. 

FROM THE FBBN'CH OF CHARLES DUBOIS. 

CHAPTER XI. 



EUGENIE. 



A week after, Louis came to see 
us for the first time. 

" Well," inquired Victor, " do you 
like your new manner of life ?" 

" Yes and no, my dear friend," re- 
plied Louis. "Yes, because I feel 
that the new life on which I have 
entered is. good for me. It is just 
what I needed, I must confess — for I 
think aloud here. It is such a relief 
to speak to some one who under- 
stands, who loves you, and is always 
ready to excuse and pardon you ! 
But I forewarn you I need, and shall 
need, great indulgence, though no- 
thing ought to seem too hard to one 
who was on the high-road to de- 
struction, soul and body, and would 
at this very instant be lost, had not 
God, in his mercy, sent you to my 
aid. This benefit has filled me, I 
assure you, with so much gratitude 
from the first that, in view of my 
past life and the divine goodness, I 
feel I ought to be a saint in order to 
expiate so many transgressions — I 
ought to prove my sincerity by some 
heroic sacrifice for God." 

"Oh! oh! that is somewhat am- 
bitious." 

" I suppose it is absurd. Not that 
it is necessarily absurd to aspire to 
heroism, but the means should be 
taken into consideration. Now, mine 
are fearfully, pitifully inadequate. I 
am cowardly, fickle, and a lover of 
my ease." 
" Come, come 1 do not calumniate 



yourself. We must neither 
ourselves with too much leu 
nor whh too much severity, 
must see ourselves as we are. 
is difficult, but it is essential." 

" Well, my kind friend, that i 
actly the way I regard myself." 

" I doubt it." 
_ " You shall judge for yoi 
My duties oblige me to remain 

and day at St. M . Alas 

very necessity I find harder tl 
can express. There is not a c 
which I do not find myself regr 
the city three or four times. 1 
very wrong, when the city has 
so pernicious to me . . ." 

" Come, you exaggerate l! 
You were born and brought 
the city, and have always livec 
till now. I see nothing astoni 
at your finding it disagreeable a 
to live in the country." 

" What a lenient judge ! W« 
see if you are as much so aft 
other acknowledgments I ha 
make. There are times when 
seems insupportable. To rise 
o'clock and superintend wot 
and machinery the live-long 
irritates and fatigues me to s 
degree that I am sometimes tei 
to give it all up." 

■" You have not yet yielded 
temptation ?" 

" No, indeed ; that would I 
despicable." 

" Since you yourself regard : 



Madame Agues- 



33' 



deserves, pursue your oc- 
•- lieing concerned 

.c always been 
toed to labor have such 
I USUI 
tw no (] : 
ave acquired a lot 
less, and, active as you are, 
be able to do without 

nk me at the end of my 
The wont il to come, 
on is polite anil sincere, 
ed and cerernoniou 

n. He at a 

: appears as if my errors 
isch of course 
: of, gave li 
■ 
IC feci th 
aiorc serious, my 
! all people in a 

. . \ . : 

.ikied by 
not wish you to sub- 
100 much haughtiness, but do 
|ile airs BOi 
culions, they are not guilty 



a thousand times right. 
:d promise 
it. 1 -. 

y an- 
il know, is 
1 on which 

charming 
my leisure hours, I 
•c. I 
I my 
!jui 1 
»e ac for it 

I ly an 

:.ients near Mr. 

. 
ig — a litdc 
tic evening; bul thai 



come, perhaps. I am invited to d 
at Mr. Smit ttt Thurs 

I hope that will be the cominc:; 
mer.t of closer intcrcourie i 
family. Hitherto, I they 

have kepi tDC ice. I i. 

lUged .i few nor 

affable, 
lr.it I have only had a gl 
daughter — Eugfcue, I believe 
Daw | could judge, 

she is t:dl. fine looldnj 
ftcd in her a] -:i jomc- 

iier air. 1 frankly 
iliexe 
I >1 c-. I i . 

icrs, and shall en; irticulariy 

:.m so ii. I in the 

".orkmen — what do 
:n:iko of them ?" 
"I am cm 
and assure you they ai 
ing I •; any one else. H 

a source of 
you must ko 

, ". ! .Hid bad — yes, 

and 

drcn — Brho 

humanity." 

mankind, my dear 

friend, to confine one's self to ti 

[ber 
views: he studies human nature in 
to be uslI 
•' i has occurred to me. 

I bat formed a 

projects ; but 1 am so poor a Chris- 
and so in 
'• Mo false to 
bluntness; bin the 

shield of the indolent, or their con 

icvcr yen. vmi 

any desire to benefit the people 
among whom y 
•• Yes. certaii 

aly need /. 



33= 



Madame Agnes. 



ana prudence; the one ought al- 
to guide the other. 

• I hould like to found an even- 
school, and take charge of it. 
Those who arc the best instructed 
might serve as monitors. " 

: Th.-.t would be a n 

of keeping the young men, and even 
those of riper years, from idleness 
and the wine-shops, and afford you 
an opportunity of giving them good 
: else ?" 

- I should also like to establish a 
fund of mutual 

B Excellent I • • • Rcfll 
ihest two projects till Sunday. I 
will same. Consult Mr. 

Smitltson also >mc 

and dine with us in a week. We 
will talk it over, and you can tell me 
how you lik you arc 

alxi e with. I 

hope you will be pleased with them. " 

'■ 1 hope so too, but have my 
fears. If they were all like M 
Smithson, everything would be pro- 
pitious. I to 
the first. Bul 

and his daughter i Equally ub> 

approachable. It is singular, but I 
had met her once or twice before 
I entered her father's employ. 1 
ight her beautiful and intelligent, 
and r very highly spoken of. 

But really, 1 begin to believe that she, 
like many others, is brilliant rather 
than solid." 

" Come, come 1 no rash judg- 
ment 

I was <ic I 
:. I though! her an uncommon 
woman — one capable of compre- 
hending all the delicacy of my pi 

of coining to n nee. 

She Ought to realize that I am out (.1 
my dement there. You must confess 
that Mile. Smithson's coolness docs 
not tend to console I 

'• Why, my dear friend, you arc 



iicr 



very exacting ! . . . Wou 
expect as much from every oni 

• Ko; bul thai young 
pies an important place in the 
without trying, 1 era 
vantage o: 

iad an important plai 

bta . . ." said 1 

Ihe friendly, significant so 

l to him. 

Louis blushed. 

■ i i : ned to think youi 

ion of her will be less seven 

week. I, too, have heard | 

spoken of." 

These words seemed 
Louis great satisfaction, 
not co : -subject. 

OU have carefully follow 
conversation I have just i 
must see that Louis. I 
of his sister's hopes, aire; 
more of M lie. Eugenie than b 
I or even acknowledged t< 
I think I shall only anti 
your wishes in making yon 
ed :u once with that young 
who is to i :,t «Mr 

story. And this cannot be 
belter than i:i hcT own home. 

is in net i 
the morning of the 
some other acquaintances are t 
with her father. She is en 
in con 

ling room cannot be ima 
It is furn I in exqu 
Nothing is lacking. The pi 
arc all ran ngcdwithi 

taste. The book-case contaii 
so many books, but sobd worl 
will bear reading over 

, above all, con 

is the view to be seen from tl 

lik . 
picture. The)' afford a glimp* 
terrestrial paradise through 
flow the i 
stream. A brc«e, playing U 



Madame Agnes. 



333 



ars I i on its banks, 

tstlc* the leaves. 

i is a 
icadow, bright with Bos 
•e and there dumps of trees, 
as the eye b are ob- 

every si«ic to satisfy the soul, 
itc il 
long wing* of 

■. with its 
link hamlet, and, over- 
church, the slated belfry 
n the sun. 
ill of mat 

fiina- 

Piduce intp a place so at- 
ITicy woula be unable to 
the charm. What is 

to a man 

> with avarice and atnbiti 

woman who only dreams of 

? . . . To such c.i 

tils, nature is a scaled book — 

fore a sightless 

Ibis number did 
ing. The daughter of a Ca- 
other and a Protestant father, 
beer. F the 

in Fans. Shall i 
u»? No; thai e c*- 

r.g. did not lack 

1 were 
. cd, but d v her 

coldness and her ma 

i true 

th ad- 

he always fulfilled the 

porously imposed by the 

<otng any 

-. well a* 

ir of 

calk. ; and 

re- 
ght 

is to 
and assiduous freqnenta- 



tion of the BW not 

what truly constitute rdigi 

to be the 
companion, friend, 
whole life? . . . I 
Eug not comprehend, 01 

ther, what she did not wish to com- 
ptefa short, shf ious 

f ■■■ h a lf ' way religious — 
to in theory, hi 

than she should h 
been. 

I ■ Ec-snevb it indire 
her parei over her in a 

a other w 
cd two natures : she was co! I 

r, and kin but 

tying it. Let ua also 
add anoil 

l icting her portrait •-. ro- 

id a 
repugnance to what six- called corn- 
er an .-.i ■lion, U)| 
a peculiar stamp, an i 

fre- 
l- only 1 
what was out of the common course. 

[ to. the ■ 
of a certain ideal d in 

her own n 

i exterior, I push- 

ed maimers, her fluency o** 

tion, and the tone of I. veil, 

modulated voice, all inspired 
ration. I 
tliful without being bewitching. 
She I but in si i 

ither 
than confidence. As has been i 

chat 
rc.nl. and, though only one 

be paised for what is 
ltd v.uli reason, a person of 
ability. Her father ami mother doted 
on licr: she was their only d 
Vet there was a difference 
affection. Mr 

•r as a daughter ; M -sou 



334 



loved her with a shade ,u we 

a compi friend wo 

superiority we feci. 

'. 
rang for her waiting-maid 
i hair. Fanny did not 
keep he: There u. 

ing cor. 

>- was towards forty 

rs of age. s of ordiiuiry 

on, but plain and 

unattracl net She 

a bad t Aen 

month, 
i!;:< te, wluch made up 

one of those that arc 

never observed except to laugl. 
WSS bel 

her employers. This was not 

She bad an obs' e and a 

keen, tongue. Ber nature 

soured, rather than 

bitter — a 
:l so. This sdnahn 
bitterness spi on two d 

which she would by n 
ackn slie was no loi 

ag, she knew she nas hotn 
and no hope of being mar- 

ried. Such a hope she -had once, 
a few days of i was then 

be, in tress over her own 

house! But her dream had vari- 
ant' ulat- 

I her teni[ 

a ser- 
vant at If me. Srnithson's sister's. 
That lady was in the commercial line 
at 1' ere I'm i 

conquest of a smart young n 

country employed I r«s 

as head clerk. 1. ileiit 

person, but, like many 
to reconcile his affections with his 
iota -elf that, 

. he might, some 
fine day, find a wife richer, 
ami As be 

was bound to her uft] pro- 



he finally) motht 

I.ig. The poor i, 
• induct a 
that all hope of ever m 
now '.ppoi 

her ill. ivra i 

her mistress had followed ; 
scenes of this little dom 
She nursed Fanny with 

When l 

lude, : 

away. The house had too 

cruel associations. Her mistrc 

ingly consented, an 

Hum 

latter iccora 

her to St. M , and had ntr 

its, 
Having, : :reat regi 

prospect of marrying, i 
knowledge to herself that she 
never have a house of her < 
manage, Fanny had but one 
n ardent one- 
lled in a family wbi ' 

pleasai 
■ 
to obey. Bui 

ltoci 
ly: her old m 

named Albeit, who w. 

in Eugenie. Fann 
childhood 
•!, abt 
■ 
one knew better than she th 
bert would be the casL 
manageable, in short, the mild 
>thcr ban 
"gctic 
I . 
" Mademoiselle 
she said to h< 

enough to have 9orae or* 
age the house for hi 
Fanny, therefor. 

between I 



dame Agnes. 






CJlful Over. 

Land I man him- 

• ■.cruire; i 
\lbctt wss 
with a vii 

lie 

jnttinc 

■ 

Ikcr. Besides, Albert had always 

|wn Eugenic and loved her, as is 

■ that U 

Ity and iiiiclh i and hb 

■ Fanny their 

■ting 

; to t tent 

1 a good deal to 
% not 
=. The 

(early 
>r very elevated. 
. 
were 

!.y thought she had, 
%• strong attachmen 
pient aflei ti 

<rs. Every young 

rm. Perhaps her 
so slowly ripening and so 

imagined that Fanny 

ye on 

the manufac- 

I-5CII 

.1 man to aid 

com- 
. >uld not 

i one of the 

that he had 

e so 

1 recently sen 

: ;ant 

ad he was in- 

ated, and of irre- 



proschal a!" 

he. "All these people are 
linked together to ruin my pi 
This M. Louis comes here as an en- 
gineer? ... 
arra: 
Mr. 

marry mademoiselle. What a I 
poor All 
what i ? . . ." 

These su | her. 

She resolved to make . ia 

r to relieve her mind, il 

■1. But 

. . . Mr. 

. i ;.oii ? . . . That be 

thought of. 1 tony 

made tlic attempt. Eugenie, with 

her usual coolness and wit, replied in 

thai Fanny retreated 

The > 

notable day of the dinner — 
.iy, out of patience, could endure 
it no longer. She 

liked 
not. her i . 
to revive bez hopes, or utterly de- 

. them. Hardly h 
the chamber before she lire : 

•• Hon- thai] 1 arrange 
scllc's hait ?" 

a it differently 
: with ribbons and flow- 

• forgotten 
it is the day of the gl 
eat dinner? 

B at our 
: of so 

not 
neighbor, 

Daumier. 

■ i 

.ild be sit. 
for me to recti any 

cerens 



ttamt Agnts. 



Jcmoivcllc has not named all 

the guc^ 

•• \\ hum bove I forgot: 
■' M. Louis Beaura'ts." 
"All! that is true. I over: 

him. i roming will not 

These words wcie ntt< 
tone of perfect indifference. Fanny 
was overjoyed, but rard.il not 10 
ma:. • . us she continued 

to '- nut her mistress, 

:. " Site does not 
care ." she said to herself. 

"There is nothing to fear for the 
moment, then. Hut who knows how 
it may be byandby > . . . I must :it 
once find out if, under favorable cir- 
cumstances, she might not conceive 
an affection fur bio, and try to pre- 
vent 1 will take 
the utiic: id Oat tli; truth." 
.oung man, this M. 
Louis, and quite worthy of interest," 
said she, without appearing to attach 
lportancc to her w 

.1 Had so 

in hi:. 

••He baa a serious air, which I 

might even be called 
glooii 

•• Realty] Ah! Fanny, then 
his history ?" 
-. mademoiselle; and a 
oua one it is." 

ite it to me. Onl 
a the details; you always give 
I ny." 
" Three months ago, It Louis was 
:iccr and the gayest 
• 1.11:1 in i i. 1 1 for- 

tunately, these young men are uo: ::l- 
rwnarka! iformity. He 

incc for six years, and 
one fine morn: i . uni- 

Icss." 

•And what did he do then ? " 



'• They say — I am unwilling 

he tried to dre 

" A weak brain. That is not 
his etc 

" They also say that M. B 
the i tared him at 

of his life, ami converted him 
thoroughly that the p 

:ering a monav 
'- queer idea ! That sin 

I an reason I, 
" But 1 
intention. He is now cstablt 
here, and will remain, 1 ft 
.... 
s;> Hire? And 
can this .: rausc you 

alarm ? " 

" That is a secret. Madei 
will excuse me from repl 

• ii m.iderm 
from her childhood, she 
me." 
" Not much, Fan: 
• 1 beg your pardon, mad; 
selle, I do not understand 
.i und< rstand mc pc 

; for you. 

l will dose. Id 

. I say. You 

>ou mean, bul 
hint of it. What ■••re you afraid 
TeD me. I u 

I feel obliged to tell her what 
wishes to know. Madem* 
not to be resisted. But I should 
eping it to myself. If it 
..." 
•' No; goon." 
" Well, then, mademoi- 

; to fear I This young 

■ . . Ilcpasw 
11 off here as a creditable per- 
son. ... He has secret de- 
signs . 

tat designs ? " 

in an awk- 
ward positi i t is such a deli- 



hfadamt Agnes. 



337 



point to speak to mademo: 
it." 
"That M. Be.'' 
■ 
bould not have dared say 

. that would 

a man Ibr a husband whom 
graceful poverty, alone 
wards me! " 
lout doubt, lie has committed 
amy faults, but there is mercy for 
icr, and he is so pious 

.v 1 " 

- 1 know — he goes to church often, 
[ ma daring the week. That 
wo affair. That is enough, Fanny, 
there be no further question of 
\ between us. You take too much 
in what concerns me, as I 

u before. I am astoi 

- ild force me to repeat it." 

ids dismissed, went away 

more uneasy than ever. 

nc could have read Eugc 

1 thoughts, her fury would have 

As toon 
, Eugenie seated herself in a low 
and began, as she some- 
laugh :. i, to put her 
■!rr. 

I U no fool," 
to herself. "This young 



man may ha\ ;cr's 

Secret im: 
suggested by his family. Whokn 
but my parents themselves smile on 

My father seems to 
oil the b .her. 

they have come to an under- 
star.' i a mere ■ even 

without speaking at all. That would 
be too much ! Well, if it is so, il" 
the whole world conspires against 
me, I will defeat their calculation*. 
... In the first place, I do not I 
this M. Louis, and I w31 

Bee il, as well as those v. 
him. The mere I in that 1 

a be his wife makes me in- 
iftgry, 1 marry a man. 
who has rained himself, who only 
aimed at mj . and wi 

squander it in a fev. j ears : 1 
my heart to a man who doc 

and, even if he sincerely VO* 
beloved me, would be in mi 
sition that I should always lnvc rca- 

to doubt it ! And, besides, what 
a weak in: mi this hare-brained fellow 
must have |0 | Liny r.'7-cs one 

after the other ! I wish my husband 
to have purer motives . nger 

head. This man must have a: 
heart. Re 'a a intriguer, and that 
includes everything. . . ." 



< H.X.'II.:: 



-A KBAL FklE.vD. 



found himself 

fait time in the midst of the 

mBy. We often thought 

l night, ami wished we 

1 know at once what kind of a 

prion he had met with, especially 

re obliged 

™ Louis could relate them himself. 
*d not have to wait long. 
I 6c *»ii' d di spirit- 

pretended no; to ob- 
«t*t his dejection. 

U XVII.— 23 



" Well," said he, " you ; 
made the acquaintance of ill 
sons. What do you think of them ?" 

"A | .y things, but I 

sum up in> in 
they arc queer people I" 

: they burl your feel- 
ings in any way .'" 

. . . yet I do wrong to 
be angry, or even I ed. 

I should have expected it" 

"This great dinner, then, did not 
turn out as I hoped— a means of 



fadame Agues. 



, if do! affectionate, 
yoo?" 

astomdi me '" 
so. . . . The way 
shows the 
MgaejMi pe pte. 
me, in order to mike 
at oocc the position 
estimation — that of 
vji>cnc:cad«t. Mthn| 



ecpaaByso. I did not 

the tact « too evident." 

• | | cvi: run *■•*• 

M« ant thin* woold 
kwf , ami it is not 
• iU boeBy re 
I thmk »!ll isterest too. 
My has* an idea of Um 
IVre *etr bwt lo«T other 
Mk I onir rexirded with 
>rr were ■ekbef 
» fcfhiaih4.«»tt isese- 
esrawo- 

MfM«M. 1 «« ir* speak 

»V^ 4 H »t^i.^*w»edged 

«•«» t « »i'< up oo this 

•*■« the int. ili* 

ha r«k> the house." 

« Cither; not *s 



v»- . V J . If v» 



I ::i 



n4 \b * superior »oman, 
•hi. i* is she merely 

IV<w who 
mm h«te i 

o weans * com- 
M 'ice, it 

I tire in- 

■ .; 

.«v«««r> ■ vit , often *ays 
. J ways 



interesting. She b a lover of 

ill she 

evinces an elevated mind." 

Such a person as is seldom i 
with, then — a model of 

• has all that is ncccssar 
become so, . . . and j 
uoL One fault spoils ci. 
one or two at the most, but I 
serious. She is proud or eg 
perhaps both." 

e you not too severe upon i 
■. . i 
are very decided in yoti 
lion."* 

•• I have reasons for my 
You shall judge for yoi 
position with respect to Mr. Sinn 
He knows, 
:iless the rest of the fan 
all the follies I have con 
in a few years, and how I 
them. Me cannot be igno: 
they either, tli ice I hold I 

der him, however respectable, 
awaken a •■ ml is I 

anil excusable, even if v 
In this state of tiii 1 ai 

to expect : 
family, if tbey were really people <■"•) 

■:eat««J 
with a delicacy that, without coflj 
promising them, would put me 
my ease." 

■ I am of your op i : 
they bcei- 

■• Y very disaj 

way. It is little thi 
shades ol the 

1 was hurt. In leaving the sale*\ 
the dining-room, ea offer* 

his arm to a lady. Mr. S 
his < 

Mile. 1 took her 

lilts" 3 ' 

- It was from 

he timid? . . . I «■* J 
•ivc you ' i tainly is *°* 

bold, but she is far from being tin 



Madame Agnes. 



339 



found myself c<: 

:ic of the guests 

talkers, and more than 

ok part in the conversation. 

prc- 

. is ten tome. S 

me by shaking of some- 

^n to what I was 

location has been defec- 

me, she is perfectly well- 
see her an hour ■ 
3D of this. When 

politeness, it is because 
be." 

: you, but cannot com- 

i not told you everything. 
; is to come. Towar 
r, the conversation fell on 
■( Mile. Eugenie's. 
■ k, Ls Albert. She 
iy. to which I have 
»y; L ded — and 

cry unreasonable or \ 
5 — that this dear cousin did 
i the young men of fashion, 
extravagant in their ex- 
acquired nothing, 

i phi m1 embar> 

I fell strongly ten 

l feci the 
I her rc- 
But I bethought n 

and that, after all, 
genuine proof of repentance 

■ I 

,i seemed 

U) to what I 

avtor is so 

any one else, I should 
elievc them." 

>ry, Mmc. 
»y be well 



in repertto ihe reader: "Youn 

bear in mind," said she. " that 
neither Victor nor I then had any 
means of knowing what I related a 
few moments ago as to Fanny's 

.i:nl KugGuie's Buspii ions; and 
we were eompleti I nt of net 

•• W i.d Louis, " her way 

of acting, at which you arc astOTJ 

not anme me. I can easily 

that to hei hand, or rather, 

to her fortune. She is mistaken: 
I aspire to neither. I acknowk 
she has a combination of que,!; 
Calculated t" please me, but her d 

1 mean, 
therefore, to put ft! Sndtohei 

injurious suspicions. Then I will 
leave the place. I have already be- 
gun mexecuti 
•' Do oof be piw 

It is a delicate matter. V. 
have you taki I 

-• None of any importance. [ 
morning, the work-rooms being clos- 
Etal <>:i Sunday, I went, before 

I , tO sketch a 1 1 

a himdre I i >ta the manu 

tory. I was wholly absorbed in my 
work, when M < h 

ed, 1 will not deny 1 >•■ d at 

seeing her.' 1 

Then you are no longer mdifi 
ent to hti 

"01 ■■ I can vouch for the 

perfei I in utiments 

for the moment. But would th» 
her always last if 
I did not watch over my heart ? . . 
She has so many 

I have seen so few women to 
bccompai .'>: I will 

alow mj tied 

unawares; that would be too gn: 
misfortune for me, . . . 1 have resolv- 
ed to raise n tiOTJ, 
I will clearly her she 

mem her heat; that I 



M° 



Bfadatttt Agnes. 



am ia no respect the man rfi 

ivc done that, I • 
leave. So, when site approached, I 
bowed to her with respect and polite- 
ness. 

OU arc sketching, monsieur ? ' 
" jhc :mg down to look at my 

work. ' It is channi 

••'It ought to be, mademoiselle. 
There could not be a landscape bet- 
ter calculated to inspire an artist. 
But while I am aih/niring what is DO 
fore me, I regret my unakilfulness in 
depicting iL It is my own fault. I 
have so long neglected the art of 
drawing. [ h • like so many 

other you . and lost tome of 

the best years of my life." 

" She understood the allusion — per- 
haps too direct— to her sally of the 
other day. A slight blush rose to her 
face. ' One would not suspect it, 
monsieur,' she said. ' But as for 
that, lost your skill, 

it can easily be re. the midst 

of the deli i idnhy. 1 

•'•It- '.love- 

lier region it would be difficult to 
•oinc of these views for 
-ketch-book, as I may leave any 
day.' 

•• I uttered these words in a cool, 
deliberate tone, tad then resumed my 
work. Mile. Kugenie seemed to 
wish to continue the conversation, 
but, slightly abashed, had not the 
courage, I think, to make any advan- 
ces. I bowed cereui and 
went aw. pinion is, she 
stopped out of mere curiosity. She 
had shown how little she esteemed 
roe, and was not afraid of my attach- 
ing any importance to her srxaking 
to me. Such a course favors my 
plans." 

" Wonderfully I But— nothing head- 
long! Forbear leaving Mr. Smith- 
son too precipitately. You arc now 
near your family. Time may show 
tilings to you in a different light. 



. above all, it seems to 
tan !« done there, and' 
easily than in mod 
something of your work: 
you thought of the two proje< 
talked about the other < 
you spoken to -Mr. Smithson 
then. 

• No; it seems to me 
not particularly please hi: 
do not know whether this En 
■:..s any heart or not. I a 
I to regard him as an ej 
employing men to iiw 
his wealth, and not very sob 
about their welfare." 

" I must undeceive you. I 
reason to think Mr. Smithson £ 
it person from wi 

have not many Pratt 
here, you know-, but still there 
few. Among them 
arc really actuated by good nw 
They . I ■ few months a 

the h< 

lawyer you arc acquainted 
They wished to establish a char 
Bocietj :.rCon! 

ccs of S. Vincent dc Paul, ba 
not succeed in their plans. To 
such an cnteqirisc, there must t 
zeal and charity that anitnati 
Catholic Church. To her alone 
grants the sublime privil 
voting herself with constancy 
success to the physical and I 
welfare of mankind. Though 
project remained uni. 
cd a generosity much to the i 
of the Protestants interested 
Mr. Smithson himself was one c 
foremost on this occasion to ma 
how earnestly he had at hcai 
welfare of the poor ; 
out any evidence of being inflm 
by selfish motives." 

" What you say surprises m 
it gives me great pleasure, 
henceforth be less rescr 
him." 



tdttttu Agnts. 



34« 



>u mill do well. I even 
to consult Mine, and 
mithson about your charita- 
w. They arc Catholics, and 
iprchcnd you at once." 
ave no great confidence in 
sty." 
dear friend, I regard you 
scrion of a brother . . ." 
, rather, of a father, as you 
ense, having saved my 
d also by another title, in 
me to become an earnest 
D, such as I once was." 
1, then, let us use a medium 
i shall be 
elder brother. I tl 
ng me this title. My 
i makes me take an 
all that concerns jpon. 1 
lained very exact information 
from 

le SOL:. :. I ..-;■ .•;, .. 

v might be, but tin 
ind they fulfil 

of the church, 
Wc is keenly 

: poetical side of religion. 
I believe, an i 

trie family and in 
shment. You can 
rj one there, and, 
The 
iied seems to mc 
iplc. I fed sure Mile. So 
some misconception con 
— some injurious suspicions. 
jr to remove them from her 

able. That done, indi 

I Ihc work 

Bing to undertake. She 

her to participate in 

ort lime, you will see the 

on your workmen, and 

your charitable 

follow — an 

n'ng good, 

licr desire of sanctifying 

will. Tiie exercise of 



I of alt things the most i 
I can safely predict that the 
Smithson ladle* v. ill both bee 
pious if they second you; and as 
you, you will be mote and m 
igthcned in your good rcsolu- 
li'in.-:. Who knows?— you 

may have the sweet surprise of seeing 
Mr. Smiiliv.m Converted when he 
sees that Catholicism alone enables 
us to confer on others a real benefit." 
M are fine projects, and very 
attractive; but I foresee many o! 
clcs and dangers." 
What ones ?** 

'•Of nil kind',. First, I expose 
myself to conceive an affection for 
Mile. SmithtOD it WOUld lie prudent to 
guard against. She does not like me. 
I imagine she loves some one else — 
the cousin she praises so willingly." 

•• a euppotilioQ i proof! 

What I have heard from others, as 
well as yourself, convinces me that 
Mile, Smithson has not yet made h( i 
choice. The praise she so publicly 
lavishes on her cousin is, in my opin- 
ion, a proof of her indifference to- 
iv.iri!-; him." 

'• Hut if I were to love her — love 
her seriously, and she continued to 
disdain me; if her prejudice against 
me could not be overcome ? . . ." 

'• I should be the first to rcgTct it. 
n to me. You were once 
truly : to 

become so again. This desire i> sin- 
cere. 1 know. Well, it is time to 
take a correct view of life. l ,- or the 

who are 
called to effect some good in the 
world, life is only i sacrifice. 

Christ suffered Mid died to re- 
deem mankind ; th :Ose 
for himself he also appointed for 
those his disciples. It 
is by self-sacrifice that we acquire 
the inappreciable gift of being useful 
to on rish 
any ill | Rg&ld t . [hi 



M? 



Madamt Agues. 



ris and I exchanged a sorrow- 
ful glance as Victor I'oor 
dear fellow! how he realized what 
he was gj was aboi: 
die at thiriy-six years of ay . 
vcr;, f his usefulness, and 
this I 

nly chosen the rough path 
fice that was leading even unto 

.!: - 

frier J." replied Louis. " what 
you say is true. 1 feci it. You are 
yourself an eloquent proof of it — you 
whom I have stopped in the 
ir career. . . ." 

talk so," interrupted Vic- 
u pain me. Your manner 
of interpreting my words makes me 
regret uttering them. Do not 
take my meaning, Wh.it I would 
say may to ef- 

a reformation in Mr. Sroithi 
manufactory, where mere are many 
bad men who corrupt the good; to 
idle a spirit of piety in the hearts 
of the Smithson la 
them in the good you are to c'V 

the result, devote 
irself to this work without aft] 
*erve. You must not kail 

igs, if you have any to 
endure, will not be without fruit, ami 
perhaps God may not suffer them to 
be of long duration." 

•• You have <!•■' ided me. 1 will 
begin '"•■. i —.i commence 

with the evening-school, and by visit- 
ing tiie most destitute families." 



nai 

I 



2 



lion most in 

. ha' 
. those 

Louis went awjy 

mind from tha 
he had come. V 
way, had increased his< 
Itaine 
with the zeal — the ardent de 
usefulness with which he was 
himself. When he was gone, 
ic abon 
11 had I 
his per sever ance. Vie 
" His mother's pie 
train lead to his 

conversion. A he h 

ready changed ! I 
worthlessness oi the aio 

ive himst 
no fear of his receding; 
taken the surest means of pd 
ing — the apostolic work 
good. Nevertheless, I 

him. Anil what a powe 

I be if he loved and 

self lo\ cd ! Ardent as he 

would communicate his piety 

object of his affection. Am 

i good would result fron 

Uut I fear 

not be ti his! Our pool 

perhaps, purchase the right c 

ning a few souls at the c: 

his own h 




CHAPTER XIII. 
mi IS .'.- MM 



Lours took two whole days to re- 

I on the important Subject of his 

conversation with my husband. 

Was the profound love ha subse- 

Dtly felt for i already 

• up in liis heart ? Such is 

my opinion, though I dare not say 

SO positively. He probably was Dot 




ious himself of the i 
his mind. Since that tin 
often dwelt on all 

:iul afterwards, ami 
ned to me that, 

moment Louis first 1 
appr rtson, 

I an affection 



Agnts. 



343 



it was ldection 

ine i icd, 

the beginning, :inual ill- 

is mean il 
led the fooli 

y of novel write: ;ar<l 

.in overmaster.: I to 

;ill hazards to 

religion 

calit 

- : i . • ■ 

Be i: there arc incli- 

ne anil afieetioris that aD 
ass.'. Kith so much 

if one woulil not be 

Ircomc by passion, he 
once raise an insurmount- 
ist it, such as flight, 
>n armed with contempt, and, 
i is a thot 
pra\ 

the it once con- 

id (■ <n. 

aw shall I ■ (or "is i 

aptivaied, u i had 

►ded him so deep s so 

li and escry nay original ? 
be loo was proud, and 

tying sim- 
ly « rded 

I account tor this in many ■ 
feme I distinguished a 

■ ■■cd Loon, 

he hail been brought up i 

Icr who • nino 

had a noble soul. 

opio cor- 

but they *cre always of an clc- 

d nature. She was, it is true, 

iliar and I ouis 

not 

iriiiej in hm. They seemed 
tim charming. I I this 

be of my strongest reasons, I 
k it was because I him- 

wen] 

I, and, seeing 

w*= tempted 



: and I were his confiden- 
tial friends, be kept us informed of all 
his proceeding*, and, 1 may | 

therefore 
Mr dm to retrace th 

lich I "'ill do with. mi 

But fust, let in 

. nd the way in wh 
uted them. Lo not 

merely an engineer 
establishment, but a (. 
all the more & be on 

anxious to expiate his past errors. 
He knew by experience to what an 
abyss the passions lead, and was de- 
sirous of warning others. If he had 
a man of ordinary mind and 
heart, he would Da doubt have been 
iatcd by entirely different motives. 
. 
watery grave. 

bis father's esteem, but that 
i Kl. be might have chosen 
the ray position be now no upied, 
but he would have taken 
as easily as possible. He would 

have sought to « 
aflei : 

thooghl DBly of her and labored fur 
her alone. Such a t not be 

worth relating. The lives of ordinaiy 
men arc 

g ot 
actions. 
Louis' life was a v>: it one. 

That is why I am 

it known. But do not suppose his 
nature was thus transformed in an 
instant. God did not nor.: 
those mir.-idc; that consist in the I 
plctc, instan :. 8 of a 

man' left Our faults veil our 

i ditics, but do not sup] 
them ; so a return to pit then 

brilliancy, but dot ate 

i. Louis, as I after-,-. ,ied, 

ulh maim 
mon atad, 

the piety of a saint. 



amval at manhood, deprived of hi* 

mot: 

his passions, he placed do bounds to 
Iiii follies. But suddenly arretted in 
the midst of his disorderly career, 
providentially saved at the very 
moment of being for era lost, he at 
ancc broke loose G i-miciotis 

bain iveller who returns 

to the rij;ht path after going astray 
for awhile, he resumed his course in 
the way of perfection with as much 
ardor as if he had never left it. There 
was only one reproach to be mi 
against him at the onset. With his 
earnest nature ami tendency to ex- 

u rffcsi ed too openly the 
operation of grace. The 
difference between the your: 

I rybody knew, and the 
new convert observed of all eyes, was 
rather too marked. Louis' serious 
and somewhat stem air, hit MttCIC 
look, and his habitual met ve. repelled 
those who had no faith in his entire 
conversion. Thence arose back- 
bitings, suspicions, and accusations 
of bj i did not come to 

our poor friend's ears, but were 

c than one annoyance. 
I mutt, however, acknowledge, to 
Mr. Saithson's credit, that he showed 
real deal of charity for Louis at 
that time. If he BOOMthnefl aoi 
him of tu was from tin: 

first disposed to believe El sincere. 

: I briefly relate what Lootl 
Qg the lew weeks 

equent to his last convereadon 

with Victor. My husband had ad- 

d hira nut ! i undertake anything 

he '.i-iil consulted Mr. Smithson. 

a follows 1 e, and begged 

Era interview with his employer, it 

the month of June. The 

iven idon tools place without wit- 

iii the open air, OR a fine 

summer eventi 

by I. 

'• M said he, " I am 



of your interest in 

and whom I superintend ur 
orders, arc not in your eyes 
struments for the increase ol 
but men to whom you wish 
useful as circumstances will 

Mr. Smithson was never ! 
hi.-, words. He made a $i{ 
sent. ■■ared pleased * 

laid. 

Louis continued : " I also 
sirous of being useful to ro 
men. I have done man) 
thing*, and would like to 
others from similar mi- ' 

tie often fata 
ion, I will not 
myself v. itii siding you in i 
agement of the mill, but beg 
or of being associated, 
to my ab itb all thcgi 

are desirous of doin 

" Monsieur," said Mr. S 
'• your unexpected offer u 
urraasee m i qui 

to accede to your wishes, b 
not, b) tu icr you c 

borer. v, I iithc 

has been but little, but I k 
to do. 1 assist th 
and give good advice here a: 
that i; all. You can folio* 
ample. 1 shall be glad, 
what you wish ? Or do you 
to have anything Ix 
tensive to propose ? If so, g 
am ready to hear it." 

■• Yes, monsieur ; I hav 

"State diem 
tton. I only hope they are 
turc to second my views, 
condition for that is. to 
only and 

Din:: great an i 

b( made at th 
prove our workmen, both 
own interest and for ours, 
thing is dear. The countr 



Madame Agists. 



345" 



jcnt Among those we employ, 
ere are a number of turbulent fel- 

and many wretchedly poo 
» Precisely so. What I wis; 
aid the need; a the 

M Your design it worthy of all 

. . but its 

II be difficult, not to say 

ile. Listen to me, monsieur ; 

ink avowal to make. I 

■re been engaged in this business 

a short time. I know the com- 

l people but little. I belong to a 

nd a religion that have a 

war of aiding the tndi 

[government takes charge of that 

nee, it is different: 

h take part in it. 

irefbre greatly em- 

jVanss.. ican. 

idling bet: 

II, monsieur, it seems to mc 

ha braenccncc should be exercised 

tine rst, it is 

to come to the assistance 

■-•.res*; . . . only 1 

«, in this respect, do all I would 

. I could have done so 

. now . . ." 

..t worry you. My 
.pen t<i you on c 
rj only aid those whose «!l 
;n personally vouch for. 
vtsablc to ascertain 
•Ktbey make of that which is given 

orniie this, and thank 
t not sufficient to xivc them 
■oiey. Or i de a 

cse of. The poor should be 
tsi doable their resources by 
uce of the 
■ olent 
1 now come 

This does not 

.. „| -. . 

c soul. I thii 
HtaUe to prescrv- 
-iosc of our won. 



who are at present leading upright 
lives, particularly the young. This 
does not hinder me from thinking it 
necessary to bring those who have 
gone astray under good influences." 

" Floe projects l made 

similar ones, as I said, but I was dis- 
couraged by the difficulty of execut- 
ing them. What means do you pro- 
pose to employ ?" 

" What would you say to the for- 
library in one of the 
rooms of the manufactory — fur in- 
stance, that which c . the 
river ? It is now unoccupied. The 
workmen might be allowed to go 
there and read in the evening, and 

to smoke 
library could be used, dn 
of cessation from labor, as a school* 
room, where all could come to k 
in a social way, what they are ignorant 
of. — '■ .t tins be a means of 

keeping them away from the wine- 
shops, at: i. 

of conversing with I giving 

than good advice — advice which 
comes from the heart ? " 

•• I like the idea. It really «• 
to mc you have conceived a happy 
combination of pla :ing 

can be done without a person to put 
them in execution." 

" I will do i. -.ill allow mc. 

I am eager to try tlie expi 

" Your com 
will soon give out. ep, 

ill meet with difficulties impos- 
sible to be foreseen. I have mingled 
only a little with the winking cla- 
im! enough to know tkey are difficult 
nd often ungrateful to 
those who uy to be useful to them." 

"Cod.. ! reward 

inc. .1 shall 

not be dincult to please. If some 
of them correspond to my efforts, it 
will be enough. I will forget the in- 

Mr. Smithson was amazed at his 



teal His own i 

id never : i to take 

so i i lliosc who n 

prove ungrateful. He ud I 

I with each 
other, i he hail l>. 

tl»c pro- 
mi*. Mr. Snrithson, 
with all aptivoted 
by I 
Hut though be h 

"..11 fail," 
he $ai<l 10 himself. 

I begun a few days 

after, thanks to the en of 

Mr. led away 

-parable from 
beginning*. At seven in the evening, 

;-idether 
tionsofan engineer, bectne the friend 
and workmen, i 

I in a large room *! 
. tables, ami a library were 
arrange*!. \i Gi A b unbei 

of workmen came I 

["hey found what they 
expect— a teacher who was cum 
pctcnt, kind, ready to converse with 
n and t m wh.it they 

a an ordinary 
aster. Louis devoted Una* 

self with so ranch tO these 

evening I ^oon 

leat; i • s tbi m, ud gave so 

llg an a. them to 

the rest thai the number of V tx 
increased from day to rims 

school was permanently establish* 
cd without much delay, and number- 
ed about thirty men of all ages and 
var. ter, Lou 

pert'i-i i tan i ::i pn 
a i I Every 

he gave oral instructions, somet: 
on hi itoi i .! rnnetJmea on 

a question of moral or political econ- 
omy, in each of tures, the 

iglcd good ndi 
which was willingly listened to, 



sanctions that 

interest. The a 

p they 
never have ac :.'om 

A book ! 

requires too much applicntio 
unaccustomed pupils. 

Mr. Smil d ov 

development ol • and 

ami more interested 
-.access, 
first he had doubted, Occam* 
■ 
time, with 
g it to hi 

S u p 
i men 
in rircumstances, u 

td piety, are 
ble. to the luv. 
Smithson began to be jealous 
:, and even to fear him, 
••What:" he said to hi 
he succeed in a * 
undertake myself! 
amoral influence iu the t 
superior to mil 

unjust suspicions increased: 
not the love of doing good t 
fliienccs him : it i 
thought. 

Louis had no suspicion o 
was passing in his i 
and di 

pursue the course he had 
He had formerly . 
mother in her •. ug th 

and thus learned how to bene! 
She had taught him it a 
cient to give them mo 
necessary to mingle with the 

with them, give then 
in a word, to treat them as bi 
and friends. Having o 
evening-school, he reaolt 
the most destitute and i 
families in the village, wh 

about a kilometre and a h 

the manufactory, 



ev ards six, and spent 

lour in going from one house to 
her. Chance, as an tmbel 
id say, 01 

t correctly, led him to the ti 
poor woman i 

rest. Sin yean of 

slow' away from diw 

he ! with an 

;tk>n of the heart. This woman 
one of those . Ii vel- 

1 by the Caihi 

i is supposed. People little sus- 
,cd how much she suffered, or 
she bore 
suffering-:, but God knew. 
a real ;. ted to a 

Iken, brutal man of her own 
had endured all the abuse and ill- 
tment with which he loaded her 
out a murmiu >-.ight 

,icr i labored as 

1 as ; 

nd those of her child. 

ten down by illness and the con- 

tl ill-treatment of her husband, 

would have died of want, 

Mile. Smithson come to her 

'hen Louis went to see this poor 
tan, whom we will call Franc, 
spoke of Eugenie so en 

much emotion, that 
was iiprcssed. It was 

i icar the praises of one whom 
[beamed, if not of marrying, at 
! of associating in his good 
s*. 

be next day, he repeated his call 
be sick woman, and for several 
1 in v I think he had 

hope of meeting 

out d iwledgc it to 

rely seen 

icr, as you know, 

Isorue, stylish, and intelligent, but 

him. He longed to 

:', as he hoped she 



,- was— exempt from tl 
factions he had rei i at 

home with regret; Without ackm 
ledging it, 1 

to be forced to pass ai 
judgment on those VO love. But 

ting. 
The 

One evening, Louis found I 
than ever. 

v dear monsieur," said she, 

tea vtry happy, I it to 

enter the presence of the good ( 
But I have one cause for anxiety at 
the horn of death. I di 

move it. When the wealthy die, 
they leave their fri lable lega- 

cies, bal i people have o 

burdens to bequeath. Mile 

promised to watch i utile 

ie is very kind ' . . . And 
I have another favor to ask ol | 
monsieur. Not !.:: lage 

family by the name i 
The father is employed in the 
works you have to pass in comiiv. 
see inc. Hereafter, when y 
by, continue tn think Si 

i a dm ! . . . wool the 

point The man I am a ago) is 

nperate like my husband. ] 
mother would be an excellent 
were it not for two I « is 

indolent and envious- always n 

to mink e-. ii of tin 

at your mill. It is no: these two 

people I am going to recommend to 

you, but their daughter. The poor 

I ix ashandson. ind 

pious as an angel. She often 

comes to see in:. In she 

be lost through the bad example of 

01 through dangerous 

I have , in 

.'1 means of 

being useful to her, if necessary. I 

should have recommended her to 

Mile. Eugenic, but her tathn and 

mother, as I have said, are good for 

nothing, and 1 should not like to 



elle where I know she is 
detested on account of her wealth." 
Louis gladly acceded to her re- 
quest. He left a few moments after 



rincipU of the 

lend ho evening-school, i 
way home, lie perceived 1 
coming from the mill, and could not 
help meeting her. 



to Mtttt: 



THE POLITICAL PRINCU'I.F. OF THE SOCIAL RESTOl 
TION OF FRANCE. 

BY r. KAHJtlu: 
mm us rm-Bs uuamn. 



The great danger of France at the 
present time is neither the decline 
of her military power, DOS 
nuiion of her political influence, nor 
the deep wound inflicted on her fin- 
ances by an enormous war conta- 
in, nor the aggrandizement of 
Prussia, nor even the U ■; of 

the Revolution : it is the division 
.inking men. 
I all men in or out of 
the Asv_: ted by the indi 

. :tcI_v de- 
sired the re-establishment of order, 
the revoIii'.i.iiKir;, monster would soon 
be rendered harmless. The healthy 
influence! nc ted would re- 

gain their action ; with security, 
legitimate interests would recover 
their power of expansion ; the vital 
strength of the country would develop 
:i nil, than vigorous 

we would coon resume die ran: 

Euii i u& 

Let ns recollect the wonderful 

promptitude with which Frame, rc- 

a-niity by the 

1 the apogee of her 

prosperity under Louis XIII. We 

would rise again with equal facility. 



if the good dispositions, not want 
in I ranee, could be bound togcthc 
and oppose a compact fasces to 
revolutionary passions, alas! too well 
united for destruction. 

Unfortunately, it is not so. Unity 
of thought and action, which is the 
supreme necessity of every govcrn- 

, is wanting today in those who 
are alone able to save us. and it has 
become the exclusive privilege of the 
party that is work oui ruin. 

M. Le Hay, who, in a i 
want usol the danger of the situati 
sees but one remedy : the abandon- 
ment for a time at least of polk 
questions, and the con □ of 

the efforts of all true men for the 
study and solution of the social qucs- 
don. Says \1. Lc Play: 
lightened men who compose the 

tity of our Assembly render 
then: merles* by their divi- 

sion on what is called the political 
'. is to say, on the form 
of sovereignty. Th 
that each political party, when it 
advances its principle, raises aga i 
it a majority farmed by the coalit 
of rival parties, When, on the i 

. this same party takes up the 



Social Restoration of Fra 



social quo: the 

ana:-. !i 

gains U«r rn. j methnes even 

oru; It is sufficient to know 

: the evil to find the 
rcmcdj-. The conservatives have the 
power to esjaUish a strong majority. 
It is only necessary to avoid the 
subject that divides them, and to 
devote themselves to the one that 
draws thera togetl.. 

ii h truth in this obser- 
ve arc far from wishing 
to combat it on the whole. The 
craincr.t publicist who, in this 

-•.arable an 0]>i 
to fc . on the rights of 

knc< ■ hat warm sympathy we 

follow hb useful labors for social re- 
pprcciatc as fully as lie 
tance of the question to 
which he desires to draw the at ten - 
i of all tiue friends of 01 
h liim we believe that the social 
order is anterior to the political. 
that, at a lime when society ii d 
gaoUcii cvm in if. original clero 

( :e above . 
must be applied. How can a 
government be given to a i . 
the antisocial propaganda has ren- 
dered ungovernable ? 

?Ye i -owlcdge, however, 

which M. 

hsi : 6ns arise wh 

« I uncc appear sufficiently 

pave. We have heard intelligent 

■m . ii the tcro- 

of the political 

ijoos would be opportune or 

V*- that for several ica- 

1* tl these 

r*Uioos are 1 1 

jP* us i liscussed every 

il the Assembly 
* •»)' Hi I up treat- 

is. to true principles, 
. be determined in 
^ Mrac of the Revolution. 



In effect, and il is a second reason, 
if men of order deny themselves en- 
trance «>» thu -tr 
pensable that the revolutionary p 

should promise to 

But how can we hope that it 

leu that it will obaei 
this engagement ? Tli. i of 

i try to pom 
of political power, by means of which 
it will be easy to realize its anti-social 
theories. We must put forth our 
wholi ■:. if we 

do 11 i have it 1" i pos- 

sible for us to defend the social in- 
I 
I inoHy, here is a COB 
Ii, lo the eyes of the men wb 
sentiments wc express, appears still 
moTC decisive. They say that in 
I to make it possible to abstract 
. tnd give ourselves 
exclusively to the 

there should be a line of demarcation 

■ ii between these t'.v sso 

cloi This is what they 

COmplisb. Social and poli- 

■ BOM I'' 

have the are 

Ited with the same arms. VI 

i? Why, in 
T, is the harmony 
between the employer ami the em- 
ad by ah antagonism 
equally hurtful to both ? Is it not, 
above all. because every ran 
cief. bound oi 

politically on the pi 
ciple of authority? 

Wc do not dispute the fatal influ- 
ence of thi tea pointed 
by M. Le Play--:. 
lion preached by Rousseau, the na 
lity of men maintained by 
Tocqucville. have had their 
share, and their great share, in 

den which have totally o\ 
thrown society. Hut the principal 
of these disorders* the revolu- 
tionary principle by excellence, is the 



1S<> 



The Political Principle of the 



negation of all author; - 
that Ol I 

How shall we answer these argu- 
ments? It will ni ..It. We 

iry to tiic 
sap- 
Ltid him .. -d the C" 

tian principle of an) ;:ong the 

number of political questions w I 
he counsels us to avoid. This prin- 
. , is not less socinl tiinn 
ticaL It ; 
liun tit' these two orders, the fourth 
commandment of the decalo 
and, consequently, constitutes one of 
the articles of the social 

restoration, whose complete pro- 
gramme M - in the 
decalogue. 

: are the 
we should avoid, if we would see 
union and strength succeed to the 
lions which now paralyze us? 
it spring from opinions. 
Opini le parties, and < 

among them interminable struggles. 
S. An has well said : 

.• in A rlat. 

S the domain 

of unity; doubtful opini i ;>- 

ng liberty, engender division. 

in the ■• aoe of opinion 

to arouse aggi 

to which their pr --or 

less grea: it to struggle 

against t that of pn 

is, then, what Otperii 

irbat the dangers of 
iety command o$ : w ;ur- 

s above this I 
hied region where opinions clash, 
and to rise to the peaceful sphere 
that ■ illumine with a steady 

light. Here there can be no 
ject of division among sincere mi 
In the social as in the politii 
principles convince by their proofs 
all intellects which have not nude a 
compact with error; and their ne- 
cessity, as incontestable as their 



I, conquers the adhesion 

men 

We can, the .:. 
ing V. I iblith the 

ing proposition : to obtain this 

Ig right-thinking ir 
which there is nu sojva 

cal p 
must be silent on the questions 
divide them, and cling to the i 
table i rgarioti 

Chief cause of our misfortunes. 

Uut whai iple? 

is the question we will endea 
answer with a prccisio-; 

ire mi 
pretext 6m n of 

:r aim is vet) 
hoj>e it will lie understood 
readers. We do not intend t< 
cuss the various political opii 
still less to ask their defenders t< 
ririce them; wc seek '■■■ 

• nc iirst principle «f the \ 

en) order, 

media:. d that 01 

which 

them in a position to 

gle against the Revolution, an 

prepare for the future a more 

plete harmony, and the perm 

ace. 

i. 

We must, above all, distin 
clearly " the sai 
the o;> h mig 

iidcd. It will be easier 
ul what it is when 
.aid what it is not. 
In the first i I prin 

ll'.'l v 

In tii-.: happiest period 

history, the power of the mo 

Red by institutions of 

ous kinds: by the sutes-gc 

. having the right !■> I 
or rcj rded 

portunity of laying at the foot 
throne the its and the 



Social Restoration of 



nry ; by t :iates, 

reign in the j.i 

ous con- 
the ! ; liv tln- 

Jvc all, that energetically 
supremacy of 
the caprices of princes. 
may I it of the 

eh, after tin- > of 

{autism, led to the destru 
ie guarantees, and to the con- 
ion of power ; whatever may 
I to excuse or glorify absolute 
the past, i: evidently 
now . 

through which we 
our salvation. 
necessary to add that the 
■ich surrounded 
by at divert epochs, mc- 
name of pi 
iitsiituiioi 

. but nothing 
they slvoutd survive the 
: .in birth, 
the ••■• the 

nor the nobility 

, as soon 
i if we would not condemn 
i to pa 

I »c give the name of jirin- 

te right 
illican school. A 

bo© I. 

of 

i). a 

ion of ' will surti- 

invtst nith the right of 

ling those " the 

1 right is 

right 



out passing i 1 rj in- 

termedial I 

recognized two sovercignti*. 

ihat of i 
order, wfa and the 

papal so-. . which wu spirit- 

ual — if it was allowable to say in 
system that the pope was si 
since, contrary to the policy « 

ined absolute politii \\ po*i 
they wished in thi 
that the pt dd share hi 

ty with the episcopate. 

let us say 
that lately t;i 
(Italic ph 
Gallican school, have i 

■ right. But their ad 
hesion 

doctrine, does not take it from 
category of aim ions, li 

always against it the argumi 

authority of our m 

whom the 

only in iu first ori- 

and in its 
in ii 

,:i the B 

able to its exercise by the cxpre 
or i. 'nt of so< iety. The 

. | of V, I . 

of the d but 

the i tors refuse to sec 

I man pre be 

without it. 

The doctrine of the abstiult in- 
'v of pma nain 

i -In 
shoulii also be ranked among 
disputed opinions. Ii ii logic 
he who has receit 
ately from i only be 

, on the . 



35^ 



Tfu Political Principle of the 



extreme cases, \ 

can be withdrawn from him who 

abases it the dc- 

:y what was given 

preservation. Ami U 

difficult to ^uch 

cases, as crrur on such occasions 

r.-hy 
could easily Iron the most 

legitimate resistance to tyranny, 
Cat ians do not wish 

that tlie.se <!oubtful cases of con- 
iould be left to the passions 
of parties or to tlie blind fury of the 
mob: I find a guarantee 

qualified 10 defend every light and 
to i D the au- 

thority, ever impartial and paternal, 
of the Vicar of Jesus Chi 

The finl I social order 

which we Ore now seeking, can nei- 
ther I in the fMturtkkalffim- 
cifite. 

In r 
minds of the greatest philoso; 
the prerogatives of a limited inonar- 
cannot maintain that it is 
<; form of govern- 
>-, as the mo- 
narchic.) ml, 
abeol none 
of t^i of a true principle. 

Besides, the firmest partisans of 
monarchy do not assume for it this 
universal necessity. In the states with 
which it ig and le- 

gate possession, with the princi- 
i ly claim for it 
all the prerogatives of that principle. 
Unrcaso: lid be to pre- 

tend dial y is the only legi- 

timate government for all times and 
ail peoples, equally absurd would it 
be to mv it, when it is legi- 

ttely established, it can be L 
combated and overthrown. 
There is no right against right. The 
pie thus defended 
has no adversaries but those fanati- 
adorcrs of the republican form 



whose absolutism is a hundred times 
more unreasonable than ever 
that of the n pen 

of royal power. 

Time topsy-turvy legitimists eon«l 
demii, from the height of their pride, | 
the immeni ty of the hutnas 

race, arrogating to themsc! 
favor of their opinion the authoring 
which they refuse to the church of 
God; and they take to thcmsclr 
in remaking it, the motto with wh 
they have so often reproac 
No salvation outside of the tepubli 
After twenty-five centuries, they 
new the of 

Babylonian despot: they 
compel all the nations under the i 
to prosnat .- themselves before 
statue of their republic, and ackn 
ledge it as the only true div 

No more tyrannical intC 
can be imagined. Whence do 
absoli:: • the right of it 

their opinions on their cqti 
ta what have they taken the I 
with which they sui capi 

liberty, after having •.:. 
crowns under thcii feet ? l.'ndou 

government exists but for 
people, but < low that 

should neces»arily lie 
the people ? To refute their 
sivc theories, it would be s 
to compel them to make an applica- 
tion of them in their own f.inu 
In fact, from the moment that the 
principle becomes absolute, it should 
be applied to all authority ; and there 
i reason why the family and the 
workshop should not share with the 
state the advantages of the republican 

But it is waste of time to dwell 
on this fanaticism, of which, thank 
God, we do not find a trace among 
ins of monarchy. The ne- 
cessity which they attribute to it is 
not absolute, but hypothetical They 
affirm that monarchy is the only form 



Social Ra! oration of France. 



3S3 



nent soiled 

that 

;. have different 

md, consequently, it 

be absurd to impose the 

I all. Nations,. iuals, 

: jned, when 

ale habits have become a sc- 

uture, cannot, without danger, 

ily adopt new customs. What 

become of a people who 

perim will, 

roald carry their old customs 
lie new system ; they •• 
re their monarchical manners in 
list of a nominal republic ; and 
eminent would hare 
incor - of the raonar- 

ithoir lit/ and other 

i than individuals, na- 

S»e by traditions. By them, 

lit extends its influence over 

sent, illumines it with the re- 

. ind animates it 

as bind to- 

Ihe successive periods in a 

ce, and preserve 

its children pro* 

by a ! imunity oi 

:td struggles, of triumphs and 

A i co| le that break 
in is uprooted tree ; 

Hence ii to that of a 

»ho, bavin 

connect t. i the 

evident that a na- 
bosc institutions and customs 
have reposed on a 

over- 
ithout breaking all 
throwi i entirely 

;s. 

lently 

latcs of good sense and cxpeii- 

[•ossiblc not to be 

< by thci one 

among a people faithful to 

KM- XV! I. — 23 



its traditions; as the English, fbl 
ample. Nothing is more 
than the contrast between the gen 
security, the •• ; en- 

joyments, whose source 

. with the in and 

•ty which the Revolution 

. for- 
calm and 
But however well 
be to the 

place of the absolute an<l in 

ble principle by which we •.-. . 
bind together all true and 

Let ik pursue our research, and 
ite ourselves* on b< 

ing at the thorny dutrnction be- 
tween the fewer of right and the 
too long a period 
has this been a CJ ible 

division between the 
and religious men. Of all the prob* 
which belong to the social. 
order, it is perhaps the most dilii 
to resolve practically. On one ride, 
it is certain thi 
cannot destroy it, and that I 

to gratify his 1 
impei 

cty. does not become legitimate, 
1 though his attempt be cro« 
access. On the other side, how- 
ever, the mainten. 01 
der being die reason of the ex 
of the rights of power, obediv 

t. frued to him who alone 
has the leans of 

attaining this b 

Fro >secon- 

of opinion which make the 

! question bo difficult. The 

iids 
obedience to the usurper alone r 
ble i ting it. fori 

aging the 

be lull acceptation of triumphant 
crime. The friends ol CM 

then follow different paths, accord. 



354 



to the preference they may have for 
r of these interests. The power 
of fact will attract men wk 

will 

to find in their adhesion to the 

ed order a safeguard against 

new convulsions. Others will sec in 

this adhesion to the revolution i 

summated an ai 

of future revolutions, and will think 

themselves obliged to provide for the 

:ics of society by 

remaining faithful to the fallen power. 

i a difficult question, where even 
the supreme authority of the chute It 
has thought it-oftcn wiser to ab : 
We need only state as a fact, unfor- 

iblc, the 
win. : 

duly. It will last until the ilh 
mate power is overthrown, or until, 
by the lapse of lime, all trace of its 

case, the 
. i.t which the u%u: 

government borrowed from 
ing disappeared with the I 

the power of right recovers its pre- 
idettDCC In the second case, 

bc- 

eomti capable i iing 

society; and I ,-, of a 

social interest was the base, trill 
appear with the real possibility of 
saving this supreme into; 

It is what hi', land, 

re the lories, the fort isans 

of the Stuarts, have long since ftd- 
i to the reigning dynasty. But 
in France, neither of the two dynas- 
ties . our 
ancient kings established its doming* 
lion firmly enough, or sufficiently re- 
nom principle, 
to render evident to all eyes 
union of right and bet i 
years, we have seen conservatives. 
I even the d« 
ed into two or three political 
lections; and this division has not 



been one of the cast cai 
wcakn .if the growing i 

appeared irremed 

and c. I acquired fresh 

ity ; for the government of f* 

the adhea 

men of Ofder a motive for rera 

it to be 
ciliatc the men of disorder by 
porting the principle of the Re 

ice has drawn o 

tly inextricable 
by the result even of om fault 

of our d 
appeal iiasda 

ed the gov. blind enouj 

lean U] The po 

exists to-day, and whose stn 
lies in the Assembly, has more 
once its provii 

character. 

return I let oft 

and to one Hi 

those who are sincerely dcvoti 
the holy cause. Nothic 
her fulfilling a celebrated predti 
and to close, by the proclamatw 

.;ht» of God, the 
which opened with the pi 
of the rights of man. 



u. 



irodsn 



Her! 

revolutionary principle, which » 
ens all powers and all social ri 
in making them depend on t 
, we must oppose the ( 
tian print i] 

■ 
on the 

No in ;uircd 

urn to the el 
Of social order, li 

mpt to changt 

laws of equilibrium, what show 

done to re] rins accural 

? Kemcml 



.7 Restoration of France. 



355 



ml '■■ observation. 

also an equilibrium in the 

er, ami it iras the unpar- 

iu't of our fathers that 

looked its most est 

Let a to restore 

a the tmth whose dark* 

Wat the cause of our mtsfor- 
Foreseen and accepted with- 
potc by the pagans them- 
|encT3tivc dogma of society 
the dawn of Christianity, 
leal by S. Paul as one of the 
til articles of revealed rd 
did not cease to rule the na- 

trope until the epoch 
the law of Christ, order 
wen 
B. Reason and religion arc 
. pro- 
the Christian principle. They 
one voice, that Go 
all with wisdom in 

tterial woi 

irj» more reason, that 
the moral. In 
j me:- 
assurc by their ct>-.. 
happiness of all, he im- 
;ation to bri- 
■ i passions which un- 
the gen- 
terest. And as the on!;. 

if keeping them in 
tlie . of .1 power 

siren -fence 

that this 
created, if it docs 
i and obeyed when it exists. 
i the teaching 
vil jwwit is '. 
although a hun 
rposc in the p 
the form and choose 

HIICC 

the 
God. "All potr 

by or- 
i >nsc- 
i;hout 



ith 




resisting the order of G 
out drawing down tl 

fly reterved for those who revolt 
against Go<l. 

It is evident that between this 

principle which belongs to I 

, and the Galffi ionofdi- 

right, the difference is not so 
gTeat as woul d appear, B 

■ 
er, its mission, its rights, and its 
tics. Only on one point do they dif- 
fer: a ho, 
in tii -;tcd 
witli potter, i 

flOII :IC tllC Oil. 

the investiture was made by die 

Bed or tacit consent of society. 
Tin; i!iv : clearly more spe- 

culative I . U, with 

exception, they both believe the same 
doctrine. 

therefore wrong to seek any 
analogy 
then 
doctors the most favorable to 

necessary to thoroughly understand 

■ to sec this resem- 
blance, which is merely 

. Accord! 
it is true that power depends for its 
organization on those whom it 
oon command ; but once i 
:.t of the a 

in the form of govt 

in reality, is not the source of the au- 

ily with which it invests : 
i: is only the channel. 

mine the I I to 

choose the subject, it is aho obliged 

to make u d to arm 

the powi with the 

ives neec 

. 

authority 

■ «l ; it has a 
end 3nd an indispensable reason 
being — the defence oi lual 



V -•> 



v -' : :? '.■ :: ;:" ri^t:. they will : 
. =• ; ::. . ?if.£Z2Z.:t ^ i^: --r ssiLIt 

y '.'. :e :; — r •;'!;: :? cley. 

v ". :e -_:,> .'.i-iii'r.cc? T 

-.. ■ :. i •,-■■•.' "v: yii'.is to fore 

- : :: : : : _:: ;:* .t ra2S;sib*« ru. 

: J:.- - sr:.t *i; c:ttf.*r:tts his 

~..:$m : . : :":'.:; ^tittce which 

-: > r. .: .: •.•■.■::. ~i ista. hshes betnt 

, ~,.- : .::<:;.- ;; - :-v;r zr.d the dig: 

, : .-...••. ._•.■;. the revolutionary 

. > .TV-:;'* -:- iirK xtcilable an 

■*.* ..-•.-: «e:*«S these two esscnt 

:,• :••.•"> ."f s.viety; it is only 

..: ;v.ij:.: the subjects that the 

s. ■. i «,"-'." ;"»-r; :he execution oi 



■ ,,i;.»v« v * ' 



. _■ . : *.-■ This r2.:!";l and absolute < 

.> -.v.! . '.• :. ."•.*. between the two doctrin 

., .:•>!! . s c-.-j&iri'y extends to their cons 

v . ■>.•••. . v : ccs. Whilst the Christian pr 

». •«.'■ jr. £.\£9 an inviolable stability to 

.-..• :*v .•-•.-.i guarantees with equal e 

-. : .vi t'vy th*» rights of the subjects, the 

x . v>.''..- •.:*« ;-.::u".:ary principle has for rest 

.-.v. •;,:•• ev;:~b'e anarchy and tyranny. 

. .» v.. kVR« Anarchy first ; for how can a 

, \.- v» •.<>•.!»••. which is absolutely without : 

iv.» „*NvWn«.v. sustain itself for any length of 



Social Restoration of France. 



357 



Jy with itself, the theory of 
lution intends that v.; 

as its roanda- 
ould not strip itself in 
of sovereigns . iciety 

Jy, liy .in act of it 

tan reverse it when it seems 

thoul any one having 

t todcmar. unt of its 

juencc, the revolu- 

. ulves daily appeals 

fUbiuiUt and to new elec- 

K the overthrow of the es- 

d power, and the substitution 

her n i the 

is the 

i of the discontented of yes- 

arill infill: i e other dis- 

oncs, these will have the 

S organize to-morrow a new 

a to overthrow everything. 

aonuitution cannot legitimate- 

>ve or arrest these attempts; 

ig like the goveri 
e national will, it is also subor- 
a the fluctuations of that ca- 
i sovereign. The small num- 
hc agitators can he no objec- 
i cannot oppose to them 
ind rights of the ruaj 
is no authority superior to 
an, all human wills arc 
i ly sovereign. The 
'.use who I ii mc 

tent a preponderati 
loct not confer on them a su- 
1". then, I think my 
nt the best, nothing can hin- 
frora working to make i 

minority easily 
the majority; and, 
acquires the right to do 

stationary 
majorities. 

| Ik opposed to this argu- 

rfoctly logical? 

ascquences appear intolcr- 

to Ciuiitiaii 



alnr.e capable of preserving M 
order from tii 

it i-- ined by these attempts 

against power. ( 

Lfl attacks made upon 
order with much more severity than 
the violations of m 

Is them as crime* oi 
against society. Except in the ex 

ie cases of which we uly 

spoken, it declares power iiv 

in virtue ot' tl-.t.- personal priroga- 
tive of him •■ i it, 

but in rutin of the interest of which 

Thus r •'.■ ::| tell 

us that he wi 
the order of God, 

This sentence 
know, docs not agree with the verdict 
of public opinion, as indulgent in rc- 

again::t those which COOX UOitX llic 
of common right 
On which side is the truth? If 
public power is the indispensable bul- 
wark of ii 

tempt be made to Overthrow it, wi 
out, at the same lime, attacking all 
hts? If a man, who, during 
the i ■■ es his entrance bit 

ka to enrich hi 
the | limatc posses- 

I into prison 3S a ciimi- 
nal unworthy of compassion ,Jiow can 
he merit less severe ent who 

shakes the enl I edifice, to 

D at 
expense of ti 
Nothing is clearer : 
revolutionary theori 
to the Christian doctrine, pul 

ion is in com; greement 

with reason. 

Would to God that it was all 
limited 10 a theoretical opposition '. 
irtunately, nothing is more pi 
■nary error ; OS, 
a century, the conclusions to v.: 
logic has led us have been but too 



358 



Tke Political Principir of the 



weS confirmed by experience. No- 
thing, then, is wanting to enable us 
to judge the two rival doctrines with 
Ml kn ow l e dg e of the cave. We hare 
sees them at work — one for fourteen 
centuries, the other during the age 
nearest oar own time; ihcy have 
circa their measure, and are known 
by their fruit? rba- 

rovs timet, endowed France with the 
unity, glory, concentration of strength, 
and expansion which placed her in 
the first rank among the nations of 
the world; the other, in an age of 
advanced civilization a:; 
material progress, heaped rains upon 
ruins on our unfortunate country — 
religious ruin, moral ruin, social ruin, 
political ruin, financial ruin, military 
ruin — nothing remained standing 
when wilh the principle of authority 
the necessary foundation of society 
was overthrown. 

And let it not be imagined that, in 
thus delivering the social body to the 
ravages of anarchy, the revolutionary 
principle guarantees it against the 
rigors of tyranny. »ndernns 

evitably to suffer those ri 
At the same time that it disarms 
power with regard to the wicked pas- 
sions, it arms it with an all-powerful 
force against the roost sacred rights. 
Rousseau avowed it frank 
from the Convention to Prince Bis- 
marck, all revolutionary governments 
have practised this lesson. Nothing 
escapes the sovereignty of the state 
from the moment that the state is 
emancipated from the authority of 
. The soul of the citizen belongs 
with the same title as his body; 
the questions of doctrine arc not more 
independent of its control than those 
of policy ; the church and the school 
are under its jurisdiction as well as 
the public streets and the prison. 

Stocc society recognizes no author- 
My shove it, mod the state represents 
the social wiD, A is absolute master, 



:e 



it is all powerful, it is God. 

that makes justice 
that creates rights, that is 
arbiter of conscience; and 
potence, as unlimited as fin 
to the cat die choice 

two expc to 

docility under its yoke by 
all moral dignity, or to over 
with the certainty of seeing it 
by an equal tyranny. 

Thus the revolutionary 
which is permanent anarchy 
same time organized despot 
other periods, we have seer 
ved of its equilibrium, 
between these two extremes, 
in turn from anarchy to 
from tyranny to 
to revolutionary progress, w« 
)oy smultam e ad 

of these two states, and taste 
ations of despotism, without 
the agitations of anarchy, 
proclamation of the pretend* 
principles, we have seen 
the liberties which, under 
alw . 113, were cons 

iablc. iTovincial 
nal franchises, the : 
over his children, of tl 
over his possessions, of the 
over his estate — all have beei| 
by the iron hand of the 
i'rokenall ..land 

■-. and those that it has 
y annihilated only su 
ts good pleasure. 

How different is the i 
power, regarded by the 

stian principle! Iiistit 
the protection of rights 
pression of injusti 
jurisdiction only by the m 
cesury forattai:. 
as it would leave that sph 
comes an usurper. Its powclj 
cd in every &<. 

. instead of the re 




the state create* the 
te individuals, it it 
itian doctrine that the rights of 
id tub ble of defending 

selves rendered neceaw 

: the state. 
Ecording to the 

the individual n< 
to the sccoiul. the individ- 
: has immortal and 

aety is bat a temporary means 
lite the .. meat of 

tinies. The least of the 
f has, then, the right to oppose 
-,-n wall against 
ofadesj. . t this 

soon be heatd which will 

! to the extremities of the uni- 

■ '•orruptiblc 

i:e, and the protector 

pressed weakness ; oi him whom 

has placed on the earth to speak 

tnarr.i ttulgate his law, 

lil alike princes aDd people 

necessary ti> gi 

we have e I 
to explain. There is not one 

tTS who wiil not instantly 
d the ; whose rc- 

we have declared indixpen- 
olution. We wete 
rrong :t the nai 

flow all the laws 
litkal order, at the name rim 

1 from the 
idea of that order. It is. then. 
■ary, universal, and 

. 
lament, all degr-. 

'.itical and re! 

1 and revealed, it belongs to 

part of the 

ma. Me who denies 

mned by the cborch 

1 will be 

S rcl>tl :i 
nod guilty of an attack 




etic. 



If we have BH in demon- 

, it will not be 

upon the duties it 

im;> D us, and : . we 

must employ to incline in the way 
of salvation the undct : I I l.wce 
of the destinies of France. 

Sim f the re- 

volutionary principle in the lost 
iity was the commencement of 
our ruin, we can only save ourselves 
ring it with all possible so- 
lemnity, and in pi contrary 
as the basis of the future 
constitution of our country: We 
must, in fine, leave t'i< - ways which 

i the tin- 
that lim: have Mean 
in France lb m of restoring 
public order. Undoubtedly, none 
pted the revolutionary 
.y to its full extent j they • 

by more than or its 

Hut th. i iris, 

extorted from then by 

of preservation, did not prevent I 

from habitually nibmittiog to the in- 

ion, and even 

to its prin- 

Dg from ii 'hey dared 

DOt deny their or: did 

inland that, while shrinking 
. thn disavowal, they cc 

ed themselves to b own by 

the blind force wh. 
on its shield. One a! ithtf 

they deceived themselves, and France 
with them, by taking "the great 

ii ipics of '89" as the pa&ad 

of their thron.- ties. 

It was asking a guarantee of durai 
from the lergetie dissolvent, 

and i to 

France as a political creed. We 
have shown elsewhere that, under 



3 6o 

ambiguous formula* intended to de- 
e thoughtless good faith, the 
declaration of 1780 contains, in sev- 
enteen articles, the pure theory of 
the i n. We willingly - 

that this hypocrisy of language n 
a: die first moment, pot on the 
wrong scent a generation intoxicated 
1 the desire of reform ; bat to be 
need by it, after so many 
bloody 1 a have too dearly 

ambiguoas text, 
would be intolerable. 

If wc push blindness to this excess, 
will me deserve to be called the most 
intellectual people in the world ? 
We have been duped by a cor 
of fiftee:. be so with a 

comedy of a hundred? It is thus 
that posterity will name the ee:: 
in » principles of "89 were 

the theme of the most gigantic mys- 
in found in hi^; 

ns have been more or 
less cheated by this jugglery of the 
most pre the name 

of liberalism ; but France has played 
a separate part. It is she who, after 
being herself '. ciule.iv 

to make the entire universe share in 
her decqition, and thus took lf| 
herself both the shame of the fraud, 
the responsibility of the impos- 
ture. 

Let ut be done with this odious 
and return to real 
Let us seek true liberties in the | 
nation of tree principles, ami 
ire respect for the i ;:ian 

by the restoration of the authority 
lod. 

first doty that the vital 
interest of France imposes on all 
men called to take any part what- 
ever in the re-establishment of power. 
But henceforward wc have anoth- 
mn to fulfil. Honest men 
l parties must unite in the pro- 
ition of the Christian principle, 
•unce any alliance with die 



ifk of 

defenders of the Revolution. Fo 
er parties must disappear, . 
leave in die field the gr 
order and disorder, i 
alone has a reason for existing 
present state of so 
on the contrary, can only I 
by personal questions, to 
would be shameful to attach any i 
portance in presence of the di 
tlut menace society, 
even those that seem 
roost thorough allegiance to the 
volution, contain a greater or 
numb iends of < 

equivocal connections do not ] 
disowning, in the b 

the revolutionary 

The mot:. 1 ame to 1 

these contrary elemc:: 
purely accidcnul al Wc 

approaching one of th 

end of one I 

one of those partial j 

idence that prelude the gene 
one by which divine 
close the era of time, to 1 
eternity. Now, as then. 
blows of die 

sions, crush adverse inters 
bring to light the two con: 
den> have be ca in 

the depths of hearts; the two oppo- 
tt, since the !>cginning 
of the worid, have divided i 
into two hostile cit 

It is, then, indispensable to 
side; the time of tergivcrsa 
com 1 ; be for 

truth or falsehood. or the 

Revolution, for Jesus Christ or the 
infernal chief of all rcb 
docs not suffice to truth in 

the heart : it must be professed op 
ly and courageously. The mo 

at is the necessity of adheria 
to the Christian ; the 

manifest is the double obligation 1 



that* 



imanity 

•a 



.7 Restoration of France. 



rora it for honest men 

fl .rm a compact league, 
iavc prcv 
lent, and to 
e themselves from the rcvolu- 
, with whom circumstances 
ivc connei 

will go on no further, foi 
solved not to leave the i 

; l>»t the men to whom 
has given the mi 
>wer to save us cannot 
They must bring down the 
principle from the region of 

to that 
ncrete exisi 

. sufficient to i 
raise us up. It i> not our 
* to guide them in the ac- 
jhnicfl Cod 

era, with the 1. 1 will 

path of sal\ 
I to follow it, and 
after them ! They arc called 
lothing less than the saviours 
country and ot 
is not only the d-. 

which they hold in their 
but t! in civilixa- 

>le, if Fr.r 

n of the 
revo'-' and 

they feel the 
of the situation, and under* 
iat such ^rcat peril demands 
esoluti 

y fulfil thi i, the 

crha]«, i 

above all consideration of 
interests of parties, and 



they most in the sincerity of 

the 
form of nt that will most 

surely guarantee the restoration of 
itiaa prim repu- 

diation of the 

md Casta. 
the protection of every tight, and the 

rtablishmentof true libertj 
choice, which alone can satvi 
not difficult 

ro on the p 

. and the end 
ii must be attained ; and once 
the choi< 

God, it wHI t» ■fith 

hia help, 
ice. 
The Comtc dc I nilv re 

ipriate to 
■id prophetic 
itten by Joseph ile Maistrc 
in 1797, at an ep a the re- 

tion of order appeared still more 
ult than at the present time: 

world moves by chance, and that it 

by the same triadOB 
the physical ? The great ciiminals 
who overthrow a state ncccss. 
luce heart-rending wOUfl 
man works tn 

the 
box of ord' na- 

ture to ny, by the barm 

powei 
tion hai aomething in it of divine . 

(he same I mpe- 

rious; he forces notl 




trapes and Thorns. 



GRAPES AND THORNS. 



BY TUB ACTMOft Of "Tim HOTla 0» YOKKI." 



i:»Avr»:R I. 



CRrCHION, A NO TIIK C R I C II T O N 1 A X S . 



Tier, delicate exuberance of a New 
ig was making amends 
for the rigor of a New England win- 
ter, and P>r its own tardy COB 
Up through the faded .sward pu- 
muki :? all the little budding 

progeny of nature ; out through 1 1 
bottc burst the tender 
ali the >\ as golden-green. 

Light winds blew liiihcr and tint 

the iky, now and tlun QlBSSfllg their 
forces to send a shower down, the 
irons so entangled with sunshine as 
to look lifl of d 

n .: joyously, lingmgasthey 

flew; an nils of the brooks 

Main their frolic- 
some streams. Sometimes a scatter- 
ed sisterhood of snowflakes ct 
down to sec their ancestresses, and, 
into snow- 

drxi| '. molted into an 

ecstasy, and so exhaled. 

This vernal Cmhnctl marie the 
bean yet, 

with curtains waving from open win- 
dows, vines budding over the walls, 
and .ill the many ttccs growing . 
It set a fringe of grasses nodding 

I the edge* of three yell 
ravelled out from a new road that, 
when it I '.led about a I 

westward from the city, gave up 



.u'l 
It • 



: a road I resent I 

•aths started off soudiv 
and sank into a swamp. In sunn 
this swamp was as purple as a 
plum ice, and ti 

who loved nature well enough 
search for her treasures could 
there also an occasional i 
flower, a pink an-tbusa, or a pit 
blossom full to the brim . 

v.-er, or the last <. 
second path ran northward to 
bank of the Cocheco River, and bf 
off on the top of a cliff. If 

iCTvc cno i 
ble down the 

would find there die most romai 
little cave imaginable, ruossfa 
Mid furnished with moss cushion! 
its rock di vans. A wild chc 

:n some way managed to I 

footing just below the cave, and at 

season it would push up a 

bloom, in emulation of the wa 

spray beneath. Fine green v 

■ led all the moss; and, if oni 

them were lifted, it would show a 

of honey-sweet bcll-ilowe: 

sound leaves. 

The third path kept on 

to a dusky tract of pine-woods al 

two i I the town. None 

sprouting verdure was visible a 

this sombre foliage ; but there 



Grafts and TJtcrns. 



363 



ag through it all like the smile 
a dark face, and the neighboring 
ras embalmed with its line rcs'in- 
pcrfumc. 

>ttt from this wood came sounds 
laughter and many voices, some 
U and childish, others deeper 
ces of men, or softer voices of 
ncn. Occasionally might be 
id a fitful song that broke off and 
•an again, only to break and begin 
* more, as though the singer's 
ids were busy. Vet so dense was 
1 border of the wood with thick, 
(■growing branches that, had you 
K eren so near as to step on their 
k&nrs, and slip on the smooth 
fows full of cones and needles 
ill, not a person would 
U Lave seen. 

:ce burst out singing : 



* Tk» r"'» »i ihe »r«istr>, 
AaJ 1. f ', .1 the bm> ; 
Mctniaa'i at tcren ; 
Tlie Sill,iilc'» 6ew-p«afted, 
Tb» Urk'« on lh« nmg. 
The km II' » oalk Until ; 
Cod'* In hit h«i • 
Alt'* llftltvkb the «vcM!' 



ded correctinp.lv; " 
t near sunset. But, 



1 \ it the H*iag j 

1 .11: lnk'» as tbt wing ; 
... hravm— 

'; lb* anjfld r 

nkh may be called making a 

poem." 
young man's woke spoke: ' 
soo. rt of the 

1 do not call the 
liately a 
.\-eall sounded through 

lied away in receding 

■oefitly a Maying-party came 

^hu 
int. stooping low under the 
:hs a scure 01* boys and girls ap- 
... i ex- 
and pure air, their silki 



dishevelled. After them followed, 
more sedately, a group of youths and 
maidens, " I'ippa," others: 
Carthusen, and the bugler, among 
tliem. All these young people were 
decked with wreaths of ground pine 
around their hats, waia 1 ms, 

and they carried hands full of May- 
flowers. 

Lastly, two gentlemen, one at 
either hand, held back the branches, 
and Miss Honora Pembroke stepped 
from under the dark-green arch. 

If you arc a litem] sort cf person, 
and make a point of calling things 
by their everyday names, you wi 
have described her as a noble-look- 
ing young woman, dressed in a grace- 
ful brown gown, belted at the v. 
alter a Grecian fashion, and some 
of cloudy blue drapery that was 
slipping from her head to her shoul- 
ders. You would have said that her 
hair was a yellowish brown that 
looked bright 111 the sun. bet 
•boot the same color, her features 
very good, but D< sical in 

e as her robe. You mi 
added that there was an exptec 
that, really — well, you did not know 

1 should 
:: that tiiu young woman 
romantic, though not without sense. 
If you should hare guessed her age 
to b'.: gljt, you 

been right. 

If. on the other hand, you are po- 
etically Christian, c ith 
the golden thorns of sacrifice what- 
ever is most I 

would have liked to tain thfl May- 
flower wreath fin) 
maiden's hand, place the ptu 
branch in its stead, iter 

to haven by tb* way of the lions. 
Her bee need hardly have changed 
1 that road, so lofty and delicate 
joy that shooe under her 
quiet exterior, so full of light the ( 
that, taking straight before ho into 



rmpa 



ts. 



space, seemed to behold all the glory 
of the skses. 

The girl who came next was very 
different, not at all likely to suggest 
poetical fancies, though when 

-d closely you could see much 
fineness of outline in the features and 
form. But she was spoilt in the 
coloring — a sallow skin, "son 
hair, and 

look to her face. She was spoil: 
more by the expression, which was 
superficial, and by being overdressed 
for her size and the occasion, and a 
little ragged from the bushes. This is 
Miss, or, as she likes to be railed. Ma- 
demoiselle, Annette Ferrier. If at 
some moment, unaware*, you should 
lake the liberty to call her Niflon, 
an emphatic nasal. 
you beamingly, and consider you a 
very charming person. M 
selle, who, like three generation 
her ancestors, was bom in America, 
and who had spent but three months 
(c, had no greater 
■ lie lafc' 

i.h lady. Hut ilu not «! 
leton. H 
and may wear olt 

- you never seen the young 
birds when they are learning to fly. 
how clumsily they tumble a!> 
they cleave the ail 
arrows with their strong pointed 
■fan. And have you not seen 
somi j out at first in a 

dull, rude sheath that man the I 
ty of the plant, o|ien at last tt> 
close |»ctals of such rare beauty that 

olc glory of the pli i up- 

ring it? Some fouls 1 
>i\ deal of clii 
ness before they come to themtil 
Therefore, let us not I Miss 

Ferrier just yet. 

She had scarcely appeared, when 
one ■ d with a dis- 

courteous haste that sent it &y: 
her dress, and a gentleman qukkly 



ved her. and. will- 
impatient air, took 

wrence ' 
eauty which s 
the pedestal — an opaque 

te as lite petal of 
ig locks of da 
exquisite perfection 
and feature, lie and 
were engaged to be married, 
was some excuse for the | 
smiles and blushes she exper* 
him. and which he received wit 
utmost composure. 

The second branch strung 
he hand 
leased it, and Mr. Max 
came into sight, brushing the 
pinc-scalcs from his gloves. 

Kt in order, but not lei 
consequence, of the pa: 
than one backward glance 
watched for his ap; 
This was a tall, d G 

with powerful si 
arms that sloped to I 

lands. He had a grave 
teoance, which sometimes 
beautifully with animated cxpr 
and somen 

lar manner. Let anyth 
'.inct 
serve or sell >d he 

at once banish all expression 
his face. The broad lids would i 
over those char. 
one saw only a blank 
iiiiui before had shone a cordis 
vr, id soul 

When we say that Mr. Schoi 
was a Jew who had 

itcd more wit:. 
with bis own people, this 
manner will not seem u 
He glanced over the comp, 
was hi ut to join 

i one of the c 
left her playmates, and ran tt 
ad. Mr. Schoninger was 
. guard with 



Irajvs and Thorns. 



36; 



d were devotedly fond of 
Ic smiled in the 

i.dd die small 
.d heron. 

'1 changed as 
need. Those who had 
leave the wood were 
take precedence ; the yo 
dropped behind t! 
talked slowly forv. 
onesplaye em, 

re. It was like an 
variations. 

Jdcrs of ihc company were 
huscn a little 
c need not liavc wn 

rsuading Mr. 

me with them, if he 

to that 

iiss Carihuscn was cl. 

er pretty, ami she liked to 

:iic use of having 

•. to 

em ? Why should one no 

if one was |i 

1 Mr. Schon- 
superb by 

irlcd 
►enc with a light so , 

hie tell upon 

nereU Led, it was | 

try with that 1 
many windows on the twin 

■ 

ort . glistened with 

Those level rays 

lows of ilicflowcr- 

*forc them as they walked, 

the ficcs turnc<I adewise to 

arocd the green wreaths on 

Is into golden wreaths, and 

in their hair. \Y. 

I her hand up to shade 
looking backward, the 
fingers jhor.i- spa- 

he had been drinkii 
the till it was all 

i'iom her lips, and 
^med to be no one who pcr- 
auty but herself. 



would have liked to be alone, with 
00 human witness, and to git 
to the delight that was tingling 
in her veins. A strong impulse was 
working in her to lift 5 f 

H at eiili pa| that 

pretty foot of hers now In 
the hem, and go floating round in a 
donee, advancing as she turned, like 
a planet in its path. It woui 
been a relief could she have sung at 
the V«rj top of her voio 
backward i 

. expecting 
pathy fi'.ia him : bat, ; in en- 

grossed in his little charge, bad 
p«d k: i.d walked on. ! 

rather disappointed, '* I supposed 
he believed 
the thought. 

; broke was usually a very 

ing woman, 

who said what she meant, who nerai 

■ccd on small 
sometimes found herself unnoi 

many 1 
great ones. But v» hen, now an 

. afflatus came, it was hard to 
er lips sealed and her limbs 
klod 

he dropped her hand, 
and 1 

heard all the bells of Crichto D 
ing for sunset. 

■anctus, santtut, she san L 
softly, clasping her ham 
ing forward ; and so went on ■■■■ 
the rest ol the hymn, no: 1 
where the others of the party v. 
or if there were any ol she 

1 little pidl at her dress, and be- 
came aware that Mr 
young Eriend had urged hun forward 
ear the singing, and was holding 
up her hand to the sin the 

Jew's visor was down. 

1 broke took the 1 

i'd a link be- 
tween the two, and contii : 
singing : Btnediclui qui vtnit ir. 



drafts and Thorns. 



ncmtm Domini. She felt almost as 
if the man, thus linked to ha 
transparent, innocent nature of the 
link giri between them, *r 
ally bet in the Hosanna. 

How deep 01 bittCt hi.i prejudices 
knew n> ac- 

quaintance had been short, and they 
ken of their theological 
differences. That hi* unbelief could 

rofound, yet gentle an.! 

toward her belief, had n irred 

to her mind. She would have been 

Kan shocked than astonish- 

■ n the thought 

almost escaped his lips. "She 

>o noble to be a worshipper of 

ht. -When 

be swept 

aw.o 

iiand stole in;< 
Pembroke's arm on the Oth 
ami Mf.' C iriluisen's cheek |*v 

toulder. thu> 

was a fix been 

adopted by a wealthy and child- 
less couple. Nothing whatever was 
known of her parentage. 

pered, 

ofsomething. 

I am like Mignon, with my recollec- 

ia gathering fast into a picture; 

only my past is further away than 

ben ma 1 abnoM know who I am, 

an<! I came from, It Mashes 

. We were dancing on the 

ID, -i ring of us. It i> 

this land. The air was warm, the 

rd like rose-leaves; there were 

is and temples not faraway. I 

retched forward to 

one who id the other back- 

rd to one who held it, and so we 

> cd, and there were wreaths on 

ic-!cavcs tangled in our 

hair. Suddenly something swept 

over and through as, Eke a cold 

l.aisd wc 
all became fixed in a breath, the smile, 
the wreath, the tiptoe foot, and wc 



hardened and grew less, and 

the ring died with 
in it, >y froze out of 

the reooUec II wc 

We were like B 
out. There was n> 
antique vase with Bacchantes 
round it in a petrified circle, 
you ever seen 
figure missing?" 

• 
but - i little. This 

too clinging, her imagination 
pagan kiid that, at th 

irilt, that wail wash 
all th* 

is de.; cried, an 

dry leaves before a November 
Pan is dead, Lily Carthusen; 
you would kindle his altars 
n into the 
of perdition for the spark." 

spoke wit >ness, 

nergy,andalij 
into her checks, and faded out 

Miss Carthu chn; 

the arm she had clasped, le 
ward to cast a laughing gl 
the t. 

inger," she said, " wc are both t: 
mytholo; 

Miss Pembroke freed her 
cidedly, and stepped backward 
to bring herself between 
and Lawrence Ger. 
arm of each, and h( 
moment as if she were afi 
nette, Lily Carthusen must no 
us to trim the altar," she sail 
is not fitting. D it 

with Mother Chevrcuse." 

• Bat I i'y has such taste, 1 
reluctant answer. "And s 
be displeased if we do not 

" Our Lady thinks more cf 
than of taste, Annette," Mis 
broke said earnestly, 
me that every flower ought 
placed there by the hand of fai 
lore. 



Crafts ana 



icldcd. i ays 

when X 

lu- 
• 
ig her assistance by walking 
B gay conversation 
German. When she rccol- 
ihey were already far ; 
her companion were < 
wn, and the otlicis had 
irhcrc the three paths met. 
hildrcn g3tliercd ah 
began piling ; 
ad green wreaths into her 
the flowers were ail to dc- 
he altar of Mary in the i 
«rch of S. John the Kvangc- 
htsc < were not half 

■ ; but that made 

Moreover. Miss Ferrter was 
a of influence, and could re- 
iosc who obliged her. 

into 
"tic by on 
iircc, heavily laden 
fragri 

up South Avi 
: finished road 
then it reached the city. 

wl aAenvr r 

lay of a 
ward od on the 

gthe exercises of the Month 
begin. A: the 
i the crowi 
I Mi i. Terrier's hi 
but to glance at it to 
and at once why 
a person of influence, 
ntccn years before, those who 
would have 
mgc of fortune sooner 
; the . become 

wealth. was Mr. 

:. dull, uncdii' 
nun, who had not t.v 
ambition enough to learn 



any trade, but passed his life in 

Iging lor any one who would 

give ..A man of 

. and «::. 

ated tastes, but for the spark of 

.he 
would hi But there 

the spark was. like B lamp in a to: 
showing, with I but St< 

light, the wreck of the I 

noble, and the sublime thai - 
man m God made him; showing the 
of lost powers an<i 

of much accumulated 
dishonor; sir ie rrumbling 

-irt- 
cd perfect; and showing also, carven 
deep, but dimly seen, the word of 
"i ! 

I meet us 

, ground down to pitiless labor 
Is to the -ing 

in to I fives, little by li 

Dgth and COUng> 
look abroad, then the ; . u 

the power, the soul in them ■-■ 
ing with only an occasional (! 

Bui if faith be there buried 

with the <*>ul in that earthy d 
the word of 1 

■i y dif- 
ferent son ihhy, thai 
cheerful, with a narrow vein of stub- 
i good sense I 

as far as it went, and with .-. 
heart and a warm temper. The 
chief fault in hex was a common 
fault : she wished to shape and n 
sure : I by her «.. <e* ; 

were n 
small, the impertinence v. 
rent. She was religion ; 
cot to her husband when he raised 
his fi i dm ; ; matters, she ruled 

the household, Mr. Pettier being 

>e only on the subjec 
three metis, his pipe and beer. 



368 



af>ts and Thorns. 



>f something 
stronger. 

I there wei 
one 

the doors :i for 

en alio to 
M to choose. These 
little one*, happy in their rags, baked 
mud p-.i and made up 

a day, ate and 
thy animals they were, 
their greatest trial being when their 
faces were I 

ibed, on :iere 

the f.inr.lv. These 

tent, 

er mansion had but one 

room, ami the Ferriei plenishing was 

'lTie wardrobe also was sim- 

itt days, monsieur had 

an ample white waist- 
coat and an ancient and nell-pr 

bat which be wore very far 
. both these articles 
.•redding gear. Ma- 
im had also her gala utile, 
iicd an ex: 
■ 

.-red 
■jvra, a dingy brccht si: 
and a large un- 

consciously Pompadour, will 
flowers and blue ribboi I re.it 
occasions, tl in had shoes, 

bought much too large that I 
ot be outgrown; and I 
had hats nearly as old as them v. 
'Hie girl; bad flannel gowns 
hung decently to their heels 
of their fim 
led. 
On :- ind bofidtj 

VO miles to hear Mass, an<! 
eat I into the box. 

On icy each gave 

tributing 

ii. all bit 
prid : sure as they made : 



ig for so 

be set tu rights by their eU 
Contented souls, how 
n ere I 

Into the midst of this almost 
ious poverty, wealth 
like a bo: IC sea of i 

under their cabin and pas 
suil> 

sky-high, they could not have 
more astounded; for oil there 
and floods of it. At almost any | 
of the little : ind they 

i next to i 
but to dig 
bubbled up by the barrelful. 

Mr. Feirier, poor man ! w , 
greal 

of the .arkness < ! 

a brilliantly lighted room, 
son.: iring and only 

dtdneo ice he coeM 

haps the 
it what little 
lie had: who knows? He 
..■as in a dream , and ! 
i. The dream became a nig 
mare; and ank- 

•, — till at i. 
way under the strain, and there < 
to him an hour of such utter sil 
as he had not known since he 

;c in 

od the impris': 
out with a strange ami 
surpn iest, that 

angel Of God, was by 
Mructing his i 

fears, calling up in his awake 
soul the saving contrition, leal 

when the last breath 
gone. 

. the husband •■ 
after child, till but two were 
Anisette and Louis. These, the 
est, the mother saved ali 



Grapes and Thorns. 



J'-J 



jgh at the preposterous ex- 

' d display of the newly 

Hut is there not some- 

n it. after all ' How 

wants long dented, ofcom- 

tisurci that were so distant 

ic hopeless eye* as to look 

ing stars! They tl 

isldy about, tbi lenly 

us ones, like birds released 

, like insects when the 

from them ; but those 

e always been free to prac- 

lt through a 

ace, or lo crawl at ease over 

orid, would do well 

.isc Mrs. Terrier had built 
c newest and finest 
too was, it tin 
too highly ornamented, 
ian columns; comer- 
roof at each 

10 

ey gave one an ii 
ng; cornices laden with 
festoons, fancy finials tvher- 
eould 

windows with carves 
etc fretted 
But the view from the 
perb. 

three flower-bearers 
they turm 
scene. 

rele of purple hills 
led in the sunset. From 
htonians had bor- 
graceful Athenian : 

t crown." Forming their 
idary flowed the stately 
at bad 

e out to sea, almost 

idge with it. Swollen 

on, it glided past, 

minor, Dearly to the tops 

: hward was the 

.tamed little river 

rought up amid crags and 

u, xvii. — »4 



the 



in. k - it cleft the city In twain 

itself headlong into the Sararuc, 
a line of bubbles showing its course 
for lialf a mile down the smoother 

Cochcco was in high feather 
i .:, having succeeded at 
in dislodj :■.!;• mill that 

had been built at one of its most | 
turcsquc turns. I.c; trade go up die 
Saranac, and bind its gentler waters 
to grind wheat and c. s.iw 

logs, and act as sewer ; the Cochcco 
red itself for the beautiful and 
the contemplative. I: liked that 
lovers should walk the winding roads 
along its banks ; that cl 
come at intervals, wondering, half 
afraid, as if in •■■ (bat trou- 

bled souls, longing if 

in some almost inac- 
cessible nook among its crag- 
best of all, it 1 

of grace, divinely giften: I ■. ry- 

:•. iii God, aliould walk rejoicing- 
ly by :. 

sweet are those little thoughts of 
thine, the violets I How thy songs 
flow down the waters, and roll out 

How ti 
shadow of thy hand whc;i 
presses our heavy eyelids down, 
and folds us to sleep in thy bosom, 
or when it wakens us silently to com- 
For such a soul, 
the river had an articulate voice, and 
answered song for song. 

Yes; that was what it had to do in 

the world. Away with mills and 

\M. trade go up the Saranac. 

So for three years water)- tongues 

had licked persistently at posts and 

■, legions of bubbles had snap- 

ped at tplrnten till they wore away, 

and the whole river had gathered 

and flung itself against the founda- 

pring 
thaw came, over went the 
was spun down stream, and flung 
into the deeper tide, and so swept 



VO 



trapet 



Thorns. 



lo kl I-et trade go up the 

lie I 

But the patient Saranac saw. 

lojp . i way their dust anil 

ill the little fretted 

1 1 vers into its bosom, and 

murmurs there. And 

I God'* will, and both were 

by the steep 

in Mrs. Fer- 
tile church of S. 

• mt- 
id a 

I taken away their 

<h for the evening, 

wc in to 

ilrcm The mother be- 

«m bo need the 

• 

them tu 






■ 



MH ■ nmea 
•ton. a;.,: there 

■right proceed 

■MOO 

1 

r.i.i. ■, ben ii 

ire is 
ii one is a 



lorer of nature, where can 
more beautiful country ? 
not Switzerland nor Italy, 
but it it delightful, for all 

She had spokes c- 
fceling her way, and here 
ted just for a breath, as tho 
jure whether she had 
but went on nevcrtheJi 
even- one is known, and his 
secure. He need not suffer 
lie esteem from adverse 
ces, if they do not aflfci I 
ter. There never was a 
think, where a trul; 
manly act would be 
applauded." 

" Ah .' yes," the young 
with hasty scorn; "they 
Ig is new, and 
get all about it. They like 
I don't doubt that all the 

1 clap their hand •; 
take to sweeping the 
thill for a week the young 
would tie bouquets to the end 
broomstick. Uut after the wed 
what then ? They won! 
me a dusty fellow whose acq 1 
ance they would gradually 
' .•;, their applause is not 
. !trcctswecpinjj 
though I anil my broomstick 
crowned with flowers as long 

I Pembroke had blti 
ly at i 

tation of her hidden meaning 
she answered q; 
plauscis not all— ti. 

: >,it it helps 
times; and, if they give 
one moment when we 
right path, it is all that we ou 
expect. Life is not a theatre ] 
few m i grc.i; circle of 

tators : we all have our part 
and cannot stop long to 
others." 
" Especially when that 



sccnc-shiftcr," laughed the 
roving the hair back 



w well that ordinary, inele- 
would come very 1 
wrence,'' she raid kindly; 
: were lo be continued to 
I might think it 
But there must be ways, 
men have found them, of 
at the lower end of the 
very low down, even in 
and climbing steadily to a 
t would satisfy the clirab- 
aion. It needs only a strong 
perseverance ; and I firmly 
Lawrence, that, to a strong 
.t anything is poss:i 
mg will Ls a special gift," 
stubbornly. 
and one l>; re may 

. 

added : " And for you I 
htoD, as I slid. One is 
bene, and motives and cir- 
ccsarc understood. A thou- 
c helps might be given 
a strange city yon would 
All would be seen and 
here." 

odd be seen, yes!" he cx- 
ith a shrug and a frown, 
the trouble. One would 
something." 
would not be repelled. 
, of course, sometimes a 
ge in living where ' 
known,"* she admitted, 
must be disadvantages 
Look at 
side of it- If you were in 
', where all sorts of crimes 
' 

can for a long time main- 
fair reputation before the 
bw your difficulties would be 
i ou wou. then 

ooi to trust. Here, on the 
no wrong can remain long 



He bad not looked at her before, 
but at these words his eyes flu: 
into her face n startled glance. Her 
eyes were looking thoughtfully over 
the to 

Feeling his gaze, she turned to- 
wards him with a quick change of 
expression and manner. A friendly 
and coaxing, almost caressing, raillery 
took the place of her set. 
"Come! drive away your blues, 
Lawrcno ;« courage. Study 

out some course for yours, 
you can see far ahead, and then start 
and follow it, though you should find 
:clcs grow up in the way. Bore 

through them, or climb over them. 
There must be a way. There is 
something in you for honor, m 
thing better than complaining. 
Cheer hi 

She extended her hand to Un i.n 
pulsively. 

U motive have I ?" he . 
But his face had softened, and a faint 
k showed that the cloud : 
: lining. 
" For your mother's sake, 
said. " How happy she would 1 
" I can make my mother hflppy 
: her, and telling hers!; 
an angel," he answered. 
It was but too true. 
" For poor Annette, then. Th 
is a good deal in her, and she is i 
voted to you." 

He shrugged his shoulders, and 
lifted his eyebrows : " She loves me 
as I am, and would love me if I « 
ten times as worthless, poor silly gb 

Pembroke withdrew her 
hand, and retired a step &01 

:en the truth, this 
spoil: j of women! 

'.od'ssake, then." 
did not dare give another 
shrug, for his mentor's face was los- 
ing its kindness. " You kno- 
not at all pious, Honors," he said, 
dropping his eyes. 



3/2 



trapes and T/iorns. 



still retained her patience: 
''Can you fil live in y"ur- 

sclf, Lawrence ? Do you feel no ne- 
cessity for action, for courageous trial 
of what life may hold for you ?" 
Hb pale face grew bright with an 
" eager light. " If life but held for 
me one boon I O Honors . . ." 

made a quick, i.i'.encing ges- 
ture, and a glance, inconceivably 
haughty and scornful, shot from her 
eyes. 

" Arc you two people quarrelling ?" 
tired, behind tl 
" If you are, I am in good lime. 
is ready, and I suppose the sooner 
we arc off, the belter." 

•' 1 sent the flowers to the church," 
she continued, as they went m through 
the gorgeous hall, " and din 
John to tell Mother Chevrcuse that 
we should come down in about an 
hour. Ji tit he brings me word tfakt 
she is out with some sick wom.in, ami 
may not come home till quite hie. So 
we arc but three." 

Mother ChevTcusc was the priest's 

her. It had grown to be a cus- 

i tO give lier that title, partly out 

of love for both mother and son, 

partly because Father C'lievreuse him- 

callcd her so. 

rill 1 mi to carry 

your train raid said, 

looking at the length of rust) 
brown silk over which he bad twice 
stumbled. •• And that takes two out ; 
lor, of course, you can do nothin 
that dress. Honora will have the 
pleasure of dccorai ii ltw, wl nle 

we look on." 

Only the faintest shade of mOrthV 
cation passed momentarily over the 
girl's face, and vanished. She knew 
well the power her wealth hail with 
this man, and that she could not 
make it lent Miss Fernet 

was frivolous and extravagant, but 
she ■ ithout discernment. 

"Did you ever know me to fail 




: 



when I attempted anything ? 

I, with a little mir 
fiance and triumph in her air. 
noragoes calmly and steadily 
but when I begin . . 

She stopped, cmbarr; 
rude speech had been at her 

5fou do twice . 
Miss Pembroke finished 
cord).. it is true 

though you did not like to 
You have great energy." 

She put her hand o 
caressingly the shoulder 
hostess in passing. " You are 
e needs." 

Tears of pleasure filled Ann 
eyes. For all her wealth am 
flatteries it had brought her, shi 
seldom heard a word of earnest 

To be praised by H 
sweet; but to be prai 

rwectest of alL 

They hurried through their 
and went to the chur< 

Chevreuse had not returned h 
and the priest also was away. 
pleasant task of adon 
Out Lady was left to the 
The stars were beginni 
faintly in the sky when ihcy 
menced their work, and all the cl 

that clear yell 
The pillars and wails, snowy i 
with only ■ bands of gil 

reflected the softened beams, 
seemed to grow transparent in t 
But around the side-altai bin 
ring of brilliant gas-jets; and thl 
the open door of the sacrist} 
. ruddily lighted, a long 
sage and si .ling to the 

ment 

The light of heaven and the 
of earth were thus brought fa 
face— the one pure, tender, and 
vading, the other flaring, 
partial But a* daylight faded j 
that inner light brought out sti 



Grapes and Thorns. 



373 



was do longer any- 

- church: it was all 

rose-color and deep sha- 

«rven faces looked down 

eyes from arch, capital, 

; the pillars, stand.: 

g rows, appeared to 

r.ove, and change 

each other; there was a 

he dirnly-seen organ-pipes, 

the strong breath of dm 

g through them, and would 

break out in loud accord. 

f S. John beside thee; 
ired nothing but the f.irc, 
was as glowing as if it 
been n the be 

rd to look into the Lord's 

Ugbt fancy that this fair 
hich Cod had taken up 
g only waited for those 
away, that it might break 
adoration over its divine 

>edestal at the gospel 

stood the statue of Our 

I downcast, as 

<= below, loving hands 

outstretched, inviting all 

o her motherly embrace. 

white lilies had already 

against a larger arch of 

was to be set with randies 

of light. They were 

ed :.ilcr the 

ml and smaller arch of 

, that the whole might be 

i ; meant to honor — 

\ mantled in purity, 

tender sweetness. 

ad redeemed her promise 

is. Her long train was 

ut ber, leaving a white 

the hem close to her ankles, 

ing drapery of her sleeves 

above the elbow, her arms 

free. Mounted on the 

>tep of an unsteady ladder, 

the higher flowers ; lower 



down, at either side, Lawrence Gerald 
and Honora tied the lower ones. 
Not much was said, the few necessary 
words were lowly spoken ; but they 
10* and then in each other's 
lighted faces. 

It was ten o'clock when they went 
out through the basement, leaving a 
man to extinguish the gas and lock 
the door. < >n their way to the street, 
they pasted the priest 1 ! house. Only 
one light was visible in it, and that 
shone in a wide-open stairway win- 
dow. The light, with a shadow be- 
side it, was approaching the window, 
Bad I'lcscntly a man's head and 
shoulders appeared above the high 
Father ChcvTcusc had returned 
home, sad Ml going up to his c: 
ber. He stopped, holding a c-indlc, 
and put • hand to <: 

the window, but paused, hearing a 
stq> outside •' Who's thi 
asked authoritatively, peering out, 
but seeing nothing in the darkness. 

" Three friends who arc just going 
home," answered a v 

"And who are the other two, 
Honora Pembroke?'" demanded the 
priest. 

"Annette and Lawrence. Wt 
beenarr.t: ir Our Lady," 

i. Goodnight I ' 

He pulled the sash down with a 
; luii Honora, smiling in the 
dark, still beb be- 

neath the window. It opened again 
Mother bang. 

i.e called out 

" Yes, faihci 

" God bless you ! Good -night !' 
11 the sash came down, more 
gently this time, and the light and 
the kind heart went on climbing up 
the si 

■■ II.- wouldn't have slept well tn. 

night if he had not said 'God bless 

laid Miss Pembroke. 

"Ami I believe we shall sleep better 

for it, too, God bless him!" 



rapes and Thorns. 



The)' walked up the steep 1 
from the lower part of the tovm to- 
t-way up 
the hQI, on ;i cross 

ird the country, wax the COtt 
in which Lawrence with 

mother, hi* aunt, and Honora 
Pembroke. As they appro* 

I, Annette Pernor's heart 
fluttered. 1-awrence had been very 

had 
a smiled very 
kindly, and had put her shawl over 
her shoulders before they came out, 
as though he were realiy afraid 
might take cold. I 

e Honora at home first, and 
go up with her. 

What great good this would do 
her she could not have c\ 
for seldom had she heard from him 
a word too tender to be spoken be- 
fore witnesses. Still, she wished it 
He might say • kind, or lis- 

ten willingly to some word of atTec- 
i. her. At any rate, she 
would be a little longer in his com- 

Miss Pembroke anticipated her 
wish, or bad tome other reason for 

mg the proposal. "Just go as far 

be gate with me, and then you 

." she said. "You 

not mind a few extra steps, An- 

! come tip with us," the 

young man ii. ly. " It 
is a beautiful nigh: 

1 k\ •• not tired \--t. You 

r.ctte i 

d a moment, then went 
on with them. Hil request dis- 
ced her on more than one 

:!ter- 
encc to the company of 
ruised wife, and she did not like his 

h herself. 
But his mother would be amdoi 

I be 



something if he could be 

Down in the black hca 
•mong the offices, w 
tain back room where th 
were not so closely corn 
those '"tied outs 

9ee a thread of lig 
night long. To this room i 
somct i ie hope of 

fortune*, or, after di 
_ht the 
at fiery excitem 
had now become to : 
Honora more than suspei 
Lawrcn< ttepa h 

times turned in there. A 
two before, in one of 

., he had con 
with an almost boyish contr 
had promised never to go 
was his hist confession of 
but, she feared, not his last 
what worth were the pro 
a weak, tempted man v» 
sought earnestly the help o 
strengthen his resolution? 
more ■■ an ancho 

a cable. Lawrence 

ih them. 
" I am so sorry to tro 
both," Miss Ferricr i 

trembling with anger 
appointment " i i 

rme, 
She snatched her hai. 
of her escort, and pulled 
about her with nervous twin 

•' h would have been 
have had John," Hon 

uld have 

the troublesotn- 
But then" speaking lightly, 
the last, Lawrence will be o 
go in early." 

the? twitch of h 

tc took her escort's a 
as abruptly as 
held it closely 



Grapes and Thorns. 



375 



e!e» as ihc last words had 

knew ihcir meaning, 

f there had been som id on 

subject before. She chose to 

.efiantly now, and it comfort- 

to tio so. Others might 

: and doubt him, but she would 

••ircr to her in 

bet superior devotcdness 

any one els*. She v. 

fail him ; and by-and-by he 

know her worth. The glow 

■pc warmed the giri's 

lieart, and gave ber a sort of 

Aad so they reached the house, and, 

dktr a quiet good-night, separated. 

•ralk back was passed in si- 

sbrokc did not 

to lean on her companion's 

Id her dress 

K of the dust. 

The street they went through 
c«c of those delightful old ones 
»kich a city sometimes leaves lin- 
king time. Over- 
; elms grew ih 

uuses were all de- 
Midway np this street stood the 
of the Geralds, with a garden 
ick, and 
W» green at right an<l left. Three 
iiting the 
i .d almost to the ground. 
?b steep roof slantc> i anda 

. leaving but one upper 
iow over the three — a wi 

th casern- back. 

. The cottage was 

"the i cross, and at one 

ghlcd window shone out 

jand of the gate-latch, the 
°«nac idc a little, and 

i looked o then 

! to ojwn the door. 

dd ?" 
*» asked, and stepped forward 
•m. 



"Oh! no, dear; I did not I 
you any sooner." 
Gerald lin 
way, looking back at her 

to leave his hat B 
coat in the entry, and 
the sitting-room when 
caugl upsc of fa 

IC toward her. He was 

. she saw, and was con:. 

•il, mothei 
: indolcndy into the arui-chai: 
before the open fire for fa 
It was the only »rra-chair in the 
room. 

drew another 

self beside bun. Ho 
nor:v 

corner, with i 

her, told what they had been doing 
that afternoon and evening. 
son listened, his eyes fixed on the 
fire; the mother lister: yes 

her son. 

iy of 

and 

nered, and 

•'.'■• do not call them tx | 

days because in her girlhood and 

early married life tbi ; -en 

wealthy, I ..en 

the happy daughter of excellent | 
rents, and the happy wife of a good 
man. All were gone I 

; the husband 
year, the dau. and Gu 

. wealth melt 
like sunset gold from a but 

i ence was left, iicr 

heart. 

O: n her face 

she watched bim. 1: rerealed the 
of the mother in that beautiful 
given to 
I WMCh was hers b; 

il that no one could 
usurp; and it revealed, too. the entire 
ess of the woman who 
in the life so dear to i 



tapes and Thorns. 



The fire showed more fd 

ret thn love and devotion 

of the coming itoi 

l, ud i i 

teess with a tremulous 

i detect even in the 

mother's smile the mist of a forcbod- 

.dness which is ever the com- 
panion of a too exclusive affection ! 

Honora Pembroke looked at the 
two, a 

training any ex- 

mi her 

•p red, 

ac-d lifted her lids with ;i fuller And 

more scornful gate than those soft 

rare wont to give. Where was 

the courtr D| not 

v.- to a 

te grateful tenderness 

that any child, not cruelly ungrateful, 

pays to a mother ? This man could 

be gallant when he wished to make 

heard him make rery 

| iccchcs about chivalry and 
ideal 1 1 knew what 

erf. He bad even, in the 
early their ar 

incd for a longtime an 

demeanor in her presence. 
ig a doubt and dis- 
ng them by this 
ra she knew most. Were 
nod insensible as 
he w: ii -.arable of 

being affected by any enchantment 
\B lent by a de- 
oce i Here beside him 
. 
edit as he at i.ine — 

i iter of course. The mo- 
ther was in person one who might 
satisfy even such 

ugh the face was thin and 

nds marred by 

household labor, there were still the 

remains of what had once been a 



her tall form a 
itatcliness, her coal 
not a single thi 
its thick i 
eyes had gained in tendernc- 

lud lost in fire. To use one ef | 
xprmwai. 
ting that the s 
without fi 
should lounge at case among 
ions, while the mother, 10 
every evening brought Wi 
should sit beside him in a chair 

Bui i 
he looked up from hit bet 

brightening with a sudden 
recollection. 

- O mother 1 I had almost 
gotten," he said, and began : -. 
in his pockets for something, 
thcr you nor Honora mentioned 
I keep count. 

He smiled with a i 
• beautiful than his bex. 
the little touch of self-* 

being disagreeable. He could 
help knowing was about 

give delight, a himself 

honor in the eyes of these two 

opening a 
moroi: is die first 

I ever gave any woman. The 
. e Annette was only a diaro 
. and SO no | 
mine. Bui >ur good : 

thing son actually earned, and had 
made on pui you." 

He drew from the case a broad 
Jed in the fire- 
light as if set ionds, and, 
nbling hand his mo- 
ther I led caressingly at hi 
first words, slipped i onto 



d no stone pnt in it, because 
i all the til 
■'.y?" 
dear boy!" Mrs. Gerald ex- 
, and could say no more ; for 
tat she wished to re 
oking her. 

ieih 1 % not a joyful 

lary when there is no one 

icmber that it 

ic. Just as the had 

was making to 

excuses for his not remem- 

it. her son showed thai il 

ig in his thought. The 

as uneaj>ected . 



:: 



she said her prayers thai 
■ 
the dear gift eloM t'J her 
and no maiden saying her 
betrothal-ring 
I: a tenderer happiness or 
gratitude. 
wrence ! it was so nice 
" whispered Honors, and 
ier hand as she wished 
Mi-night. 

trew himself back in the arm- 
pin when he was left alone, 
• a few minutes had a very 
c of being happy and 
Of hap; . Who 

think that so much fun could 
lict evening spent 
.crs round a pole, 
th-day ring to 
■ mused. " Aft:- 
d people have the best 

c-graccs arc the on«9 to 

■ I were rich, I should 

If I had ..If a 

:sk no more. But 

He glanced about 

m, then looked gloomily into 

rty was there — that (le- 
aks of dc- 
flie carpet, from 
brilliant ■■ was 



worn nearly off, the faded and mend- 
ed covers of the cured chair-frames, 
the leote 

i all 
that would sell well had gone to the 
auction-room, each showed by 
scrupulous care with bad 

been preserved a poverty that dung 
to the rags of the past 

because it saw no near i pros- 

perity in the future. Miles of on- 

I be seen from the 
cupolas of Crichton; yet in this room 
the very stick of wood that burned 
slowly on the and 

igance which Mrs. Gerald would 
ive allowed herself. 

" Yes ; the good ones have the 
best of it," the young man repeated, 

1 te drew the andirons out, and let 
the Diconsami town into the 

ashes, lighted a candle, and turned 
the gas off. ndle in band, 

he stood musing a moment longer, 
the clear :.ing over his face, 

and an almost childlike 

c'.ly to his I 

i haven't 
been a bad fellow to-nij;! 
wit!, ring 

hb face, I ly out of the 

And SO the stillness of nip,!. 

scended, anil deep sleep brooded 

over the town as the lights went out. 
bton waa a weU-govi 

nn rude 

knesa. Decency was in p 
there, and made itself obeyed. You , 
might sec a doctor's buggy 

of a carriage, it* I 

wheels faintly crunching the gravel ; 
for only the business streets were 
paved. Now and then, on 
nights, might be heard the grating of 
ropes, as some vessel sailed up to 
wharf after a long ocean vo> 
bapa a woman in one of 
hOBees on the hill above would heal 



that sound through her dream, and 
sun up to listen, fancy ■ B the 

word of cominaml t! reeze 

bore co her casement, she could de- 
tect a familiar voice long unheard 
and anxiously waited for. Perhaps 
nOor, whose swift keel bad shot 
like an arrow put the heavy junk of 
o= waters, and scattered, as it 
:oached the shore, clear rd 
I of tufted palms and dusky na- 
tives — perhaps he look , up 
the hill to that spot which his eyes 
conld find without aid of chart M 
compass, and saw suddenly twinkle 
out the lamp in the window of his 
borne 

except for such soft sounds 
and shadowy idyl*, Crichton was at 
'.ill as sleep itself. 
The Crkhtonians had a pleasant 
saying that their city was built by a 
woman, and the best CO It we 

can pay them is that they made 
saying proudly, and kept in honored 
remembrance the hand of the gentle 
architect. Hut no: so n rick 

and stone was it Acknowledged) 
though they owed to her their first 
ideas of correct and symmetrical 
building: in their society, high and 
low, ijp of their pretty 

tastes, in their Ate 
from bigotry of opinions, even in 
their government, tiicy ffllt her influ- 
xes sleeping under 
, .-.trong, adult, and | 
full of ambitious dreams, full, too, of 
I and generous feeling, let us go 
the time when, an infant 
: i to use its powers, and 
ly the alphabet of 
nation. 
Hush, fair city, all thy many thou- 
sands, while the augcls watch above 
thee I ami, sweeter marvel yet ! while 

g in 
thy ere that solitary taper 

bums. Sleep in peace, " poor exiled 



children of Eve," and be 
least in dreams. 

••err long ago. 
a wild forest, with a rude litt 
ment hewn out of it on th 
banks. It was shut in 
world, though the world wa 
the river was bi 

i, the ocean only ten mi» 
and within a a w 

and growing cities. Soon t 
of the axe and the saw wen 

little craft, sloops and sc 
floated down the Saranac la 
lumber till the water rippled 
the rails. The story of hex 
in this regard is the story of 
sand oilier towns. The vess 

r, their voyages long 
houses were built, some men 
comparatively wealthy and 
ployment to others, while tb< 
•v kept the level of the en 
Soci. ;ions began 

themselves, detestable ones 
most part, since there was n 
cultivation. Indeed, this pa 

' was in a fan- way to 
is of towns, 
meeting-houses began to be 
churches by ti. ; the 

woman of the town venture- 
her help a servant (on w 
indignant '• help " immedia 
serted her); and the first 
pearcd. 15ut let us i 
piano with respect, for it 
pioneer of harmony. 

When Crichton had abo 
hundred tubal i 
there one day, a- 
board a bark returning fro 
t.int city. This bark n 

ad was owned by 
chief men of Crichton, it 
away laden with laths, ai 
back tea, coffee, sugar, 
foreign groceries; and, i 
all, it brought 
He vti not, apparently, a 




man in any way. except as 
angers were remarkable in thb 
I town. He wax plain-look- 

:'reckled, and had 1 
all and very bright I 
nost closed, in b near-sighted 
when he wished to sec 
i those eyes was a good deal 
land wit, and the will to pal 
it into imme> . aice. 

Ter, he knew how to hold his 

. anil baffli 
c without o! 

ig but his name transpired. 
ight be a mountebank, a de- 
, a king's son — how were 
leople to know ? 

, he was nothing more mys- 
a respectable young 
aty-fivc years of age, who, 
:unc to make, had 
to leave his prim, sober, 
a, where nothing was 
e, and where '.lis people were 
id seek what, in mi 
re, b called a " live " place, 
pockets he had nothing but 
Mis; in his valise was a single 
J of li- 
very morning of hi* arrival at 
lr. Scth Carpenter went 

fghest hill-top, and from it 
1c town, the river, and the 
forests. He then SO 
to the river, and ■ 
h the mills, and from there 
red to the ship-yard, where he 
a ship on the stocks, almost 
to be bill He walked 

the yard, whim , with 

of critical indifference. He 
near two other men who were 
% the ship, and. since their con- 
to it. 
of these men, a sailor, rather 

lit make U| 
r that ship. Did his compa- 
nat was likely to be asked 
reckoned, 
.led, and guessed, and expect- 



ed, and finally owned that he did not 
know. 

Mr. Carpenter, his eyes winking 

with the sparks that came into 
them, and his fingers I nerv- 

ously, walked out of the y 
found the owner <>\ the ship, and, 

with nothing in hi but 

his 1. tde his bargain with 

the coolness of an Before 

sunset, the Ship v.- his ; 

ami, before suorise, it had changed 
OWOen again, and the your,: 
turer had made live hundred dollars 
by the bai 

'•I will yet rule the town 
said cxullingly, when he four. a him- 
self alone; and lie kept his word. 
Everything prospered with him, and 
in a short time even rivalry ceased, 
who had been proud to odd 
Qu shrank and bowed 
before this man who added thou- 
sand to unit. Half the men in 
town, after ten years, wi em- 

ployment, and business prospered 
he prospered. In ten 

rs, Crichton was a city, with all 
i between her and the 
great world; but a raw, unkei 

. jealous, superficially • 
quan QUOus,aod rapidly 

crystallizing into that mould Only 
a person of supreme and 

character could now change it. Mr. 
Carpenter had the position, but not 
the character. He thought only of 
money-making, and of the excite- 
ment of enterprise and power; the 
rest he viewed with a pleasant in 
GrrenoG not without contempt At 
forty-five he was still a bachelor. 

We have mentioned the fir.-.; piano 

with reap 

in its train, rendering a i 
necessary; so that, after a succession 
of tyros, Miss Agnes Weston came, 
bringing the \ larmony 

with her into the town she 
conquer. 



3&> 



Jrafrs and Thorns. 



She A me as a conqueror, 

however ; nor probably did she ; 
cipate die part she was to play any 
more than the Cxichlonians did 
She came to earn her bread, and, 
while doing so, was anything but 
popular. Nothing but her lull 

md the (act that 
she had been educated al 
saved her from utter failure. People 
did not fancy this self-possessed, un- 
pretending young person, who could 
sometimes show such a haughty 
front to the presuming, and who was, 
i over, so frightfully dark and sal- 
id not understand her, 
rrcd to leave her very much 
(0 he: 

person only found her not a 
tie. To Mr. Carpenter she was 
ply a refined woman among un- 
congenial associates; becoming dis- 
contented and unhappy there, too, 
before many months had 
He did D ■.• thai (he should 

go away. He bad 
ly accustomed to seeii had 

sometimes met her on her long walks 
out of town; and once, when he had 
politely offered to drive her home — 
an offer which any other lady in 
Crichton would bi ted beam- 

ingly, without the preliminary of an 
introduction — had been refreshed by 
receiving a cold refusal, and a sur- 
pair of large black 
eyes. The great man, surfeited 
with miles and flatteries, was im- 
mensely pleased by this supercilious 
ness. 

But though strangely disturbed at 
the prospect of M Ess Weston's leav- 
ing, he hesitated to ipeafe the word 
detain her. A bachelor 
of forty-five does not readily deter- 
mine on making a sensible marriage ; 
it usually needs some great folly to 
spur him on to a change so long 
deferred. He had, moreover, 
other reasons for delaying : he want- 



ed a charming wife, and 
doubt whether even his power 
transl > his 

the other reason bad blue cy 
a dimple in its chin, and was 
silly reason. 

It no one who knew this 
man would expect him to 
long in doubt on any subject. 
month from the day 
entertained the thought of n 
ichton was cle> 
■ announcement that Mi 
penter was soon to l>e 1MB 
Miss Weston; and, before t 
recovered from their first 
ment, the marriage had tak> 
and the <juict, dark-fjred 
teacher was establish 
of an tin; ; union or 

Avenue. 

It was now Mr. Carpenl 
to be astonished, and he 
chanted as well. Never 

red to himself a woi 

charming as this grub, now 

a butterfly, proved herself: a 

had he imagined that ■ 

could obtain so beautiful a 1 

cy as she gradually est 

neve* lost. She was born 

seldom had such po 

■il in any • han< 

penter was the first of her 

With ,\ refined and noble 

she esteemed him as the first 

the world, because h 

first to appreciate and ex 
For this she gave him I lai 
condescending, affection, and 
his w iahea and opinions so 
that one might have though 
were her only guides. 
was her taet and her courte 
ward her husband he scarcely 
cd his own inferiority, an 
ned that she was aware 
She grew beautiful, too, as 
Me. Now that t 
oi tn:l vtt lifted from her, 



talents had room for full and 
ating play, the smith) 
I, showing a peach-like bloom, 
S teeth lit a frequent smile, and 
■ 
a musical, tinging sou: 

. used her power 
richton was as day in her 
she moulded it after 
model. What arrogance 
;vc done was ac- 
j«d sweetness, 
ing touch was strong and 
: was smooth, and no- 
iped it. 1 horoughly woman- 
iking by her husband's moulh 
he deemed it not fitting lh:it 
voice should be heard, 
dd influence in matters where 
do not usually care to inter- 
She thought nothing out of her 
!e which concerned the pros- 
town she honored with 
ace, and she inspired Other* 
Own enthusiasm. That 
.vide and well kept, 
i buildings should be arch 
symmetrical, that neat 
i for the poor, replacing their 
should start up 
ing some quiet 
is all interested her. 
:.c worked for them indi- 



uprightness, became the mould of 
form. Ill-nature went out of fa.;! 
and, in the absence of ch; u 
control became a ncct- rity. v. 
people of opposite crei 

.•--, their feuds had tobt 
for the time; and, once two foe* 
have smiled in the 

frown is not so easy to tf 

Gradually the change which had 
been imposed outwardly becami 
real one ; and, when Mrs. Carpenter 
died, full of years and of bonon, her 
spirit continued to anim 
in its opinions and actions, a 
some fairer grace of heart and princi- 
ple were wanting. She died as she ; 
lived, out of the church ; though the 
church had ever found her . 

infill and tenderly p; 
Of i!i doctrines and authority 
seemed never to bi lit ; but 

the copy of the Sistine Madonna in 
her dtawing-room had always a vase 
ih flowers before it. 
She left no children. A niece 
whom she hail adopted married in 
Crichton, ami r.ii.tut, a 

grails there. 1 

grand-daughter was Honora Pi 
broke. 

Wake again, Crichton T 
ing is GOI Og rays el 

light are shouting- uut of the cast; 
and down the hillside, in the church 
of S. Jolv Chevreuse is say- 

ing, Sursum Cord j .' 





Charles had a dangerous enemy 
in the person of ihe Duchesse d'Es- 
lampcs. She was furious at his being 
allowed to enter France at all, and 
still more at his leaving El 
paying Mich a ransom as hi* host 
might t : e enforced ; But to 

all her arguments and blandishments 
Francis was nobly inexorable ; he re- 
mained true, in this instance at least, 
to the instincts of his belter nature 
and the ; :ly honor. 

* He could not, however, resist saying 
to Charles, when presenting the du- 
chess to htm : " Here is a lady who 
itet me to undo at Paris the 
..■ill." To which til: 
peror replied coldly : " If the ad 
be good, you ought to follow it." The 
story goes — a most improbable one, 
considering the position occupied by 
tampes, whose jew- 
els were v. France — 
that at supper that same even 
when, according to the compliment- 
ary custom of the times, she presented 
Charles with the urn of perfumed 
water to rinse his hands, he dropped 
a diamond ring at her feet, and, on 
her picking it up ami handing it to 
him, replied : " Keep it, madame ; it 

Whether 
Cl»arles I '■• xavantt with 

a diamond or any other device, it 
is certain that, before he left, they 
had become very good friends, and 
she had quite adopted the king's more 
generous view of the case. 

At the close of 1546, Francis fell 
and was supposed to be dying. 
te to the traditi 
of their race, immediately Red 
Fontaincbleau to greet the Daopl 
who was at Amboise. Francis was 



conscious enough to notice 

appearance, and to 

of tt. It Stung him to the q 

make adespe 
to disappoint them. He ral 
announced his intention of 
the procession of Ccrput 
day. . The doctors rcmons 
In vain 3 nothing could 

determination. H 
himself in his robes of stai 
pale checks brightened wi 
and thus, under a mask of 
health, appeared in the mi< 
astonished court, and held th 
durin ion. But 

mony was no sooner over th. 
exhausted into the arms o 
tendants, and was canted 
bed. He remained for so 
unconscious ; on recovering h 
Ins first exclamation was, " 
any rate, I will give them 

: r months 
childish piece of bravado, 
the Chateau of Rambouille 
The forest of FOnl 
ted during his reign wit! 
tity of noai afa — 

eighteen Beet in length, 
gTcat damage, and filled t! 
. Oncofthi 
by his I lions on 

lion 
self of a sort of mythologi 
Some bold men had undi 
combat him, but all had 
the attempt. Franci 
that he would fight and kill 
gon himself. He equipped 
accordingly in a suit of armor 
all over with long blades as 
raxors, and, thus armed, sa! 
to ti: bs duel. 



FontaintbLau. 



round the glistening 
duping 
'to pieces. This tan 
rf Francis ww magnified by 
son of his courtiers into a 

e death": ;nal 

be downfall of the Duchesse 
ampes, who retreated like a 
ed sovereign before the now 
:cn< : of Diana of Poi- 

Di ; unredeemed 

ic intell: itive 

iness that dist her ri- 

There is no counterpart even 
tench history to the sway excr- 

by this Dalila over Henri II. 
line Du Harry's i rest 

acii ■ far 

of the precedent. Diana not 

Tiled the king and the kingdom, 

jpenly usurped the honors, prc- 

al state of a legiti- 

queen. li r, interlaced 

%, was carved .in-! i 
i on all : 

door or gallery of Fontaincbleau, 

nkki people "the 

pie <■ not sur- 

lted monogram H. 0. 

! glass 

cms of the chapel, as well as on 

itatc served on the royal table 

eyes of Catherine dc Me- 

ropriatcd the i 

; .ill the p. i 

Mo-. .crto 

d regalia of the queens of 

oked on and 

iSent — she co her hour 

d come. It rarac sooner tl 

t »he or 1 ■ llie 

(st given to celebrate the imp- 
of his daughter, the Princcssc 
tbeth, with the King of Spain 
:d to the ncar- 
r; Catherine newt" 
order* that no one sh 
I to a; at this 



crisis, at least, the wife ahi 

rna soon presented 
self at the door, but the guard refused 
her admittance; the queen had for- 
bidden it. •• And who dan 
me orders ? " demanded Diana. 
Sidling eyes ; " if the king breath. 
have in i matter yet ,: Soon he bad 

ted to breathe, and Di 
further protest, bowed I 
command, which bade her "ra- 
the crows jewels, and retire forthwith 

Her beauty v. 
id in all its bl 
meridian of life was past Ii:.-!i:t6me 

her at the age of 
as "still beautiful as a girl.'' The 
death of Henri II. was the signal 
Catherine dc Medicis' real 
hood. Her reign lasted ovc: tl 
y be justly styled, to 
iveseoKoff] 
a reign Of terror for the : In 

to create discord 
••■ as a prelude 
in the state. She imported into 
ice, with the enlighl 

at the court of the 
Med 

a system of cabal and intrigue which 
worked well cnou 
compass of pens 
fautruj 'it the .istrous re 

fa a large kingdom where gOA 
can only be carried on successfully by 

organised institutions and 
and pa justly 

Catherine was born with a genius for 
intrigue; her love for conspiracy 
amounted to a DU te (acuity 

ofdi ich nature 

so pre-eminently endowed I 
her good service in the first years of 
hei residence at Fontaincbleau. It 
required all the tact of an accom- 

bed dissembler to steer bet- 
the rival powers of the Duchcsse 
d'Estumpes and Diana < — a 

feat v. 



3«4 



Fontainebieau. 



dicis achieve d ess. 

To the last day of their reign and 

her own thraldom, she contrived to 

remain fricndlf with both 

rine's am ut unbounded, and 

drove he. - to 

that have few parallels in mod 

■red 
to corrupt the 

her children, and to sow dissensions 
amongst them, so as to draw the 
power that should have been theirs 

Own hands. J'. : one 

, Fraock II., drove fa jusc 

the cause of the Huguenots for a 

time; arid, wo i the 

trc i:i the hands ol his brother 

le> IX., the veered round, and 

per; fritt/g/s 

with colli ferocity. I 

:. wan can o the 

dark intrigues of tl 
ther — a woman who never took a 

rood when she could find a 
iked one, who regarded human 
being* as an apparatus composed of 
an infinite variety of tools to be used 
one set . :hcr as the special 

nature of her work demanded. The 

• of S. Bartholomew was but 
another i uion ol the tame 

id led ha to srh ij» the 

1 1 nguenots to revolt when she thought 
their rebellion would serve her aims. 
This sai teapot liad most of 

the foibles of a woman, combined 
with the fiercer passions of a man. 
Her frivolity and extravagance knew 
no boui. 

ventured to hint to hei that the lavish 
: expenditure was 
people, and might 
lead to trouble, she shrugged her 
shoulders, and replied, with serene 
Simplicity: "Good heavens! one 
must live." The sweet, pathetic face 
of Marie Stuart appears for a mo- 
ment at Fontaincbleau in the earlier 
days of Catherine's rule— a hi 
meteor flashing on a troubled sky ; 



poor Marie, whose sky was galhe 
up the storm that was to break i 
dotal ver her young 

beat it some twenty -ha 

that was only to be silenced 
great tranquillizer— death, 
and long-raging were the storms i 
swept ovi leau 

tame darkling years. Henri [ 
down on it 

rlwind, and forces the queen, i 
her stiii Charles IX., to By 
him and Ins Hugu i Me 

They have not taken breath 
when the Due dc ( ets ti 

like i, and blows th 

. to Paris, Soon follows tl 
of S. Bartholomew, that Mai 
black nights, under whose pall, | 
has been pithily put by a 
Frew a few sen 

a f> -. iom 

still hanging over the city whe 
rinc and the king were I 
the I 

dcring, a Macbeth terrified at 

re in the ghastly deed; she 

umphant, by ghost 

.nee, her sharp, clastic 
busy on the next step to V 

luenee of her triun 
the remorse and mistrust of tii 

d son ? ed and fifty | 

honor, v. 
. . of France, | 
and brought to Fontainebleau to sat 
in the task of soothing the king'* 
scruples ami mending the- queens 

But her hold Up 
was loosened, and not all the i 
U the houris of KtahOfl 

. ■•- would lure it to her 
Catherine, however, 
accommodate herself to the ilc 
of fortune, and turn even her 
blunders to account Charles, ob 
ratelv sullen, refused to revoke 
edict of the pacification of Ambois*» 
thus quenching for once, instead of 



Uau. 



ing 11 aincs of 
rinc IDU 

. 

i, she 

let tliciQ loose. 

ssadors in rc- 

elfoul to cipti- 

were 
p with soft music of dc- 

their followers 
ing each other's throats hard 
oris sent rockets blazing to 
-me: :!, white, 

: and Fontainebleau was 
a palace of Armid 

men 
ted. 
id agitated seen 
ance presents at the close of 

to see Henri d< 

After 
i put an 
I 

nore, 

Bcamais came to enjoy his 

conquest at Fontainebleau. 

roc and trusty friend, goes 

ighnot al 

carted 
Gabrielle con- 

it, to 
be dc- 

ii a weak 
Din the kii 
e would 

ofcoui tcly 

minister burst 
>tc*t, and out- 

of hi-. 

usual, in a rage, and, as 

ri soon calmed down, and 

! 5 



right fl 
promise, 

:id Rosny." 
lads to a tantrum, called 

Roan 

be ■ ;t. The 

i ■ . rou 
sense of bis own cak- 

■ 

be you a thousa-. 
rathe) ly faithful Rosin - 

uld not 
" Gabrielle taw that she had 
overstepped the n> 
he had the faults Q no 

rotated pi of 

rcdecessors, to be 
loot by a Dalila ; 1; die 

of a king, i! at his 

. and begged his and 

Sully's too. inci- 

dent, Sully's lean OP Mint 

were put an end to 
lift grief for a time 

I e him of bis 
heart soon found 
Consolation in a new allegiance. 
Mile. d'Entragnes was the nex 
I 

I to draw out a written 

larriage. bow- 

thc 

hands of the I . I f coarse, 

showed it to Su 

SuUj . t of 

imanagC" 
of accomplices. This time he 

not bully the* king, but coolly i 
the ; 

into the 

the only madi re- 

liis 



Fontainebkau. 



bed, and then was no more said 
s boat that marriage. He married 
faaOf y Icdicis. 

berth to 

was 

unbounded. He Bade hi* wife 

a present on the occasion of the 

•can of Monccau with its bcau- 

! park and g? 

been a gift to Gabi 
idicB ma I 
with wonderfully robust health — a 
■ which her I. :;nts 

up itly in ■ 

• birth of the 
Dauphin V dress- 

es li :v of 

ing up; my friend, she I;:: 
lily robust c 

I the 

■Unctivc of Henri IV.'spor- 

gs before us in the long 

■ 

a u ; but, alas ! there it is, the blaclc 

'.he briglr. 
HI breach of hospitality perti 

iirtrd an old com- 

rother-in-ai 'i here 

; roof that the arrest of 

rtchal de teath 

; ngnant . ;i! to the 

I i i it i some days he 

.lotted both by every means in 

I owcr, stooping to tears 

ei : : -. 

half 

; and that it 

after all his efforts had 

r, or to 

i'* stubborn pride 

■av- 

i'x Hgnature was 

lutibt absolves him ! 

i 

cnt- 
ar- 



and taken to prison, and 

put to death, because he 

nted 

Will <:: 

ribly rob-.r 

leu of F; 
■ 
:varrc in w 

tiers looked on 

boy friendship between 

'US < 

• jsen the bon-i. 
in gettini 

ly that id 
time witho 
him, 
deed of 

■ ireumstances I 
istcr was in P 
away for his master as hatt 
gallejMlave at the arsenal 
sent for him. When he an 
king was on the i 
the court; he i 
with a gracious (o: 

<nd easy 
of their intercourse. S; 
cd and mystified. Uu! 
was equally ble 

Henri called him 

alley in sight ol 
of car-shot, i 
the deed of accusation, 
it to his friend- 
contemptuously over the 
iw words scat:. 

inds. H 
he had been the dnpe 

;:ing jeal 
into bitter St : 

to doubt 

ful servant. He i 

rercome with 
was about to his 

it; but, quick as lightn 
king caug! i his 



-Take care, Rosnyl 
)wj yonder v. 

>f llic Spanish amb. 
aotaincblcau led to the con- 
ot* the Urge n wine 

\fter going 
interminable galleries 
sst edifice, they 
he chapel. It was very 
qui 

: and splendor of the rest of 

.> Pedro's minister 

lib he irreverence 

l the and, with the 

* S) 

at the narrow walls of 

mr house 

if God were 

ITlg." 

pie.- the out- 

ebuke, and at once set about 
temple worthier of the 

overnablc passion for the 
a frequent cause of altcr- 
wecn himself and Si 
ired his mailer's love for 
hut, unlike him, knew 
i in the indulgence of 
Utlr at- 

the office of master of the 
Maids, dales from Henri's 
takes its rise from a phan- 
/-.ppcarance in 
ipe of a man 
life, dressed in black, and 
a pack of hounds, 
vanished as soon as the 
him. 
long laughed at the 
peci;< lining to 

came face to 
the grand vtntur . 
the fact, but was still sccp- 
gb unable in any *>.. 

Xar.n of Hit HmsK 



Louis XIII. resided much at 
taint >rk 

ofemlicl. 

now to make it peril- 
Austria enriched the new chapel 

• paintings. I 
a period, Richelieu is : 'ing 

lim of the grand old p=l 
Then he passes away, and makes room 
for Ma/ariii, who received be 
i i if England with a 

.:is- 

Thc first time that Louis XIV. 
honored the palace with his pre- 
sence was on the occasion of sig; 
tiic marriage contract between La- 
sagne (t6 : was 
celebrated at the Palais Royal. 

irina of Sweden furnishes one 
of the n: 

history o: is eccen- 

tric woman, whose ambition it was to 
entwine the ! no with 

the j ier crown, gave up the 

throne of Sweden to warn! 
the world like an Arab. That 

in those 

than in Oct own, it passed for 

U, wisdom, a: be owner 

e to call it. Christina gained 

the reputation of possessing exit: 

■ rs of a man, as well aa 
the graces of an ac- 
comt *.nnc of Aus- 

ttia was filled with admir 
the queen who cast away a crow; 
go in pursuit ft science and philoso* 
phy; and, when Christina announced 

her inteati Fiance, the 

regent made preparations to receive 
her which sin that 

Fori I witnessed since 

the reception of Charles V. by 
Francis I. Christina made her entry 
on horseback, sum , a guard 

of honor composed of the hi- i 
nobles of the kingdom, all maga 



'■'ontai/ub/cau. 



ccntly attired, lowed by a 

dunes, some riding 
on horses ca; igs of 

cloth of gold and : . MTU 

in chariots of state. Tht/t/a g 
for the royal Sappho's entertain r 
* were on a scale equal to the si 

She showed 
her sense of Anne «>1" Austria's *j 

BOO of her super-. l>y 

making Iiersclf very agreeable to her ; 
but she earned the dislike of the 
young king by ridiculing openly his 
boyish love for Marie .M.mcnn, and 
pointing an cpigrai 
baa, l.'i, when, on her return from 
Italy, she intimated hi u of 

again coming to France, Louis sent 
word that he placed the Palace of 
Foataincbleau but 

begged she would not show herself 
this second • 
initted the crime which 
lias so irretrievably damned her 
memory. Monaldcschi, who had 
been her pampered favorite for 
years, rightly or wrongly incurred 
her displeasure. ( .ictcrmin- 

eil that he th I did not 

pause to consider tliat it was add 
a darker hoc to her crime to perpe- 
trate it under the roof of a brother 
The hour suited her ven- 
was enough. The 
whole thing was planned with a bu- 
s-like coo i >uis 
XI. queen or- 
dered bet victim U) be taken to the 
galerU Jet cerft, and herself gave the 
most minute instructions as to how 
be was to be killed, and by whom: 
he was not to be despatched by one 
or even a few successive btoi 
struck a great inar.y times and at 
short intervals, in hopes of extracting 
certain avowals from him. Chri> I 
then joining room, 
and remained in animated convena- 
with her ndctmgt while the hor- 
rible tragedy was going on close by. 



Occasionally she s. 

Monaldcschi 

answer again and again 

he was Still struggling, 
rise, and 
patii. 

the delay, she rose and Of 
door of the gallc 
on beholding h 
arms in - of supplu 

nod sfi 
"What I thou art nut yet rli 
and, walking up to 
writhing on the ground. 

•■■ ith that 1 

d toad* 

with leschi 

cried out for a pii. 

ad this last grace 
tod I 
then 
paid the assassins, and n 
her conversation. ' 1 h : - 
Iced of bio 
quickly to Paris; as soon as , 
heard it, 

to leave Fontaineble 

:hwith, adding tha 

ince harbored no ass 

as his guests ; to which Christil 

turned the contemptuous reprj 

" she was queen wherever she 

■ok no order* 
i I I ince, and was accountabl 
m ither to him i 
:rious to obse 
little horror seems 

in the pu 
ecrable mun tnitted uodi 

cumstanccs which ren 
more revolting ; the ladies and 
tiers of the time make no more 
a passing mention of it in tlid 
ters, and, in speal iristia 

style of dressing 

ncr of dancing . ley 

e find 
tinft abjectly beggin 



'■lean. 



389 



to ihc carnival ballet in which 
X IV. was to dance ! The fact 
ng granted is 
* as significant of its 

ai»ed for. It was acrompa- 

L10 c . 

|hjccn 01 Sweden should 
ihc three da;, 

■ she agreed to, 
laurin's apartments 

lis XIV. reeton I nedc 

wlion at leau, 

Ihvillon , 
of Moilrna, and fitted it 
of elegance and splcndoi 

led queen. But all his gTar.e- 
the beau 

ve to 
I prevent 

treaty 
• If to re- 
l . 

i in the 

• linebleau to Marie 

1(1735). He never cared for 

i as a reside merely 

a ho 

death, the youi 
.1 balcony from one of 

i low- 

a deep-drawn 

hat delight the sovereign 

who makes the happiness 

\ great deal has 

1 — re- 

promise which 

tliog t Id out 

fcBut :■ .'.rs before, 

had said u 

ieau wit : me of 

tvnalian orgies Uiat 



sen 




■ 



Versailles and Trianon under the 
refgnofDu Bany. The grin 
that had 

icis, and Henry <\-:. 
many talcs to tell that were b 
left untold, but at their worst t 
showed white beside th( 
blackness of the Pompadour 
Du B .ny chronic 

Louis XVI., who 
Pontsineblcatt, has left no 

; assages there. Under the Revo- 
lution, it was used as the 
school which lias since been trans- 
ferred to St. I >m- 
pensatcd the royal old chateau 
the neglect of his pxc> : ; he 

id, to all 
the other palace* of which France 
had -y possession. 

. adhering rigidly 1 • 
in every detail. He 
so added astii 

leral 
Radet scaled the walls 1 
at three o'clock in 

l of sold 
tally dragged Pius VII. 
it v. the 

veui: -ere 

he was kept in close 1 

fed upon I ith 

which it WODt to 

disarmed, isolated from and< 

counsellors, surrounded by s| 

to int er pre t his every word and gesture 

[ding to the interest 
of Uv 

health, Ii ending under the 

accumulated weight of every torture 
..ious cruelly could devise, 
was rtill a greater conqueror, in the 
noblest sense of the word, than Na- 
poleon <:■■ mi the field cf 

battle. Moreover, a day of rcckoi 

hail been ihc theatre ol » of 

lost gorgeous pages 






»0 






ofii id sentimental 

kind — for he could be sentimental, 
this gren I of men and da 1 

er of exowns; he could, " with deli- 
cate forethought, and a! 
cause a multitude of pine-trees 10 be 
planted " amiilst the elms ami the 
oaks of the sombre Mcdiccan forest, in 

young Austrian t 
might find some reminiscence of 
M when she walke I her 

evening stroll — Fontaincbleau was to 
witness die going down of his sun. 
Fui 

excesses of her spoilt child, plucked 
the brilliant meteor from the sky, and 
cas; ito the darkness. Once, 

in an interview with Pius VII, during 
his< '.con, after 1.;. 

ing all his art of 1! ; he pope, 

stooping to tender CARStO and the 
most winning attitude ( . aion 

to wrest from his captive the coveted 
concession of the Concordat, presently 
paused to see the effect of the c\ 
intent. Pius VII. was silent awl 
then, looking up at the emperor 

beting scorn, he answer* 
G>nwudiiiii!t .'* hike lightning 
the tactics were ! ; curses 

rained where kisses had been shower- 
ed; threats and gestures fierce as 
blows succeeded to bland entreaties ; 
the actor struck his forehead with 
ached fists, stamped, grew red and 
Lie in turn, and swore that a thun- 
derbolt should be by the 
Tuilerics at the Vatican which should 
crush her defiant pride, and bury all 
Christendom under iti ruins. A 

i'ly." Pius raised 
bit eyes, and, looking fixedly at Na- 
poleon, murn. with no 
smile : ThigcdianU .'t The niiol 
and character of the man arc summed 
up in those two epithets: commedi- 
anU, tragtdumte. But if Bonaparte 
played comedy well, tragedy was his 



• I MtJ-fcfl 



tT-Niediic. 



forte, and his last appearance 
>!eau was a Splendid 
It is a litt 
A bright April so 
down from a cloudless sky u 
courtyard of the p 
shoe stair in the 

gated sunshine, gleams whi 
majestic — a stage of the 
ion well suited for the clc 
to be played upon it. The a 
arc already gathered to the 
thousands of the inhabitant 
d in from the town ant 
borhood, but tlie inner cirt 
reserved seats, are £ 
adiers of the guard, the Old G 
idred batdes and as mac 
ries, and by the marines 
guard. The time seems lo 
every he 

emotion with I ng crij 

last the curtain ri 
Opening on the horse-shoe s 
are thrown back, and N 
irward. A cry got 
him from the depths of th 
thousand hearts. But h 
: sileni 
going to speak. The cro 
n wave 
the base of an adamani 
whence its idol of twenty ye 
down upon it. 

" Officers, non-commi: 
cere of the Old G 
farewell I . . . For twen 
you have given me satisfactM 
faithful to the new sovcrc 
B has chosen. Gric 
my fate; I might 
thing would have been easier 
no; I shall to the last 
path of honor. I will wnte 
have done together. . . 
such as break die stout 
watlike men, intc n 
waits for a moment, and 

i cannot cmbra 
but I will embrace yaw 



Fontaintbltau. 



39' 



■ 
and Napole* 
embrace " Brin^ 

bring it. He gathers the co- 
heart, anil kisses the s] 
oaatelr. 

ca. s« kisses 

echo in the heatu of e 

. . My children, 
wee thai had clcc- 
' bat- 
ceased to speak . 
hose brave hearts to their 
veterans sob life 
descends the monumental 
the .1 passes 

hi in silence. 
> waiting for him at the 

the uorivi 

his leave of the world- 
rhidi lie had figured so 
O brilliantly. The colors 
clasped in thai I t| 
embrace vi 

icrcd thing; half a 
re laid on his 

had 

the restot 

ements on 

e gallery — 
v of my 

on which 

J, 1814. Napoleon ! 

• 
c king's cabinet 

us, at Fontaine- 
.gular mixture 
■ 

, he 
I in conv 
ail the 

apoicon altogcl 



inucd to the I tc as if 

that stormy mcic ever bro- 

ken in (if iull horizon of 

sovereignty. Tho 

only two trace XVII I.» 

passage which arc to be found at 

Qui tided there, and 

seldom e< 1 the palace. It 

Bad negta tirdy 

Philippe, nui only 

the ■ 

!y v, 

.■ endowed it. 

npire, Fonninebleau 
for the share of 

ivid« 
cd a: ie still hal 

of 1 1 ■ ■■ay autumn it 

scene of 

We will clOM (hi 
record of the [cau 

by an incident, n 
lin the ran; 
one day lake 1:-. place the s, and lie 

cd with interest as an indie: 
<>l ill I, for 

onals of the con 

gakrie da ter/i with a little :. 

of an ofi the 

1. Suddenly, in the midst 

of their game, the iire- 

killed 

I my grand- 
arc 
indignantly; ' toy- 

lied 
one somewhere hereabouts; I've read 
t book." 
This was too formidable an argu- 
ment to be n- ; the 
dcsi 

little fist, and 






luiughing Dick Cranstone. 



I the 1t:i his 

. The no: 
soon drew ihc attention of some 
i who were at the other end 
!:cry; they ran to separate 
the combatants, 2ml 
cause of the row; but the young 
prince, crimson with rage, ami 
the big tears rolling down his checks, 



broke away from them. 

tO li: 

neighborhood. 
■*IK- says chit 
kiilc:: 

Hi en 
ing round • 

neck 1 
u it, that she ever k 



GHING DICK C 



It was not that soft, white, feathery 
stuff that flutters to the ground plea- 
id lighter than the fall of a 
rose-leaf; that, dancing and darting 
!>out everywhere with 
gleaming whiteness and varied ami 
graceful motion, makes the empty air 
seem a living thing smiling at its 
own frolic. No; the snow was not 
at all. It was a 
you 
in a gh it 

had a sort of spite a; and 

the whole human race generally for 
bringing it down out of its I 
where tip there among th< 
that make the 

joi:: nitl to let you 

and everybody else have the 
benefit of it. So down it came 
nea so regular that 
a Wi rrow 

through them without touching a 
[le flake. It rushed at you, it heat 
you in the face, it snarled around 
your leg?, it powdered your hair, and 
mad your back; it 

peeped u; made ac- 

<ju= 

outside 1 boots, as though it 

thought of getting a pair il 

ted to examine your shoemaker's 



work. It laugh 

and made such a savage 
your overcoat and watcrproo 
was 1 enraged ■ 

I in rcrc»i 
;i on then, till it 
look from top to toe as thonj 
had been just rolled 
minus the tar. 

i dreary 
that : ■ shiver and 

the poor. in. 

mid sit "any: 
nurse termed it, in hcT c) 
hand me* !cav 

pull tli(_- cane at th« ba 
while her big round blue eyes 
look out in silent wonder at 
ny would 
c in desp 
against the window-pane, 
quite a lirtli 
around him; while Harry, 
brother, ten years 1 
would make a false att 
up his spil 

l round the 
met and ca 
shy at that con vine 

so furiously at the door-ker 



Laughing Dick Cranstone. 






the whip Hutdenrji 
restive animal to his seines, 
:ty would be still a mo- 
and gaze silently with the 
I of the world < 

that Cranstone of 
Hall was gazing at so 

I'lOW? 

it the snow that made 

so deadly white, save for the 

purple spots on each of 

) ? \V I made 

clench i the nails 

l- flesh? What was he 

king at so fixedly out there in the 

i he sec o-.it n the 

■ '.vn on his 

and drapii 

forms of his ancestral oaks in 

tic drapery, while froru the bottom 

tolc up a snaky 

• He 

: . no oaks 

:, beyond 

Saight out at a tall form striding 

tone Hall, 

;ilc, bitter, 

- striding on, and on, 

toting \> : 
where he fell one 

itlc snow-flakes 
•• of rcw up straight, 

head, an 

Wj. too, on his shoulders, 

! —the 

dl the country-side, and 

f I ic Hall. 

;onc whose fi 

Haerw 

had been ;. 

•,nd was far out of sight — 

ther's only son, 

tcnh/rehcoi hi . the 

rong 

• as now tc 

iw and the 

< world on 
tent,,. 



hearth and heart, driven away with a 
-e. 
Wbal me to 

: down tl '.:«;- 

id ? 

on* 

. for 
Ralpl : ,'iie was still a youngish 

i bore nu 
His heart and his hopes were 
centred in tfa • mother 

bad ichcd away so early ; 

and when he saw the bright-eyed, 
laughing lad ri ind- 

some, clever j 

him, and pis 

I over the con 
neck and n© biro — for there 

was a dare-devil the Cran- 

es — it wo 
happier man in this world than Ralph, 
or t . son loan Dick; 

! of each 
other as the < " had grown 

country - 
Wh.it, tl : ; great cri 

. left bin in a rieo, and 

i childless, and rent asxui 
<c wrench two hearts which 
all i .:■ igother? 

The < i i fam- 

ily, oidei 

at her bn tone Hall 

first can. r posses 

That was a >plc 

:iCC. 

Tlw Cranstone was a 

He had the i: 
running i in a noose 

ing a martyr I 'i, or rcnounc- 

ing the I and 

taki 1 the goodly Abbey of 

stone, with its river, m. 
all its appurtenances. He did not 
i.ite long. Like most of 

tew op his religion, 
and took to the abbey, turned 
the monks, became a bitter pen 
if the chi 

to Cranstone Hall, 



394 



I U> a good old a;.v rich 

man died and was buried— in ( 
stone churchyard. The old coun- 
a'oout tell you that this 
[articular old Cranstone, whom they 
look upon as the first of the race, 
d a-yellin' for holy water like 
hcll-foirc" ; hoi tl en, such people are 
rays foolish. However, to come 
k to the story, the Cranstones re- 
ned from that day out a flourish- 
ing, wealthy family, strongly 
to church and state, fierce per 
tors of the Catholics whilst persecu- 
tion fashion; when not so, 
what Catholics call bigoted Protest- 
ants. 

Ralph was no exception to the 
rule, lie honored th. 
hated the pO| 

uincly as the old Elizabethan Cran- 
stone had professed to da He 
thought the country was going to 

row. 

eit heads, and walk: i 

on English ground, just as though 

they had ns much right there as any- 

. else. And when his old friend 

: Harry Clifford, who 

had been at Eton I cford with 

and whom Ralph 1; 
nouDccd over and over again " 
fellow going," turned Catholic 
ssoon a ird 

ry by cha»C< 
friend's, he turned 00 hi* lu.l, and 
walked out of the hou- the 

■ there with the old 
friendly band outstretched tow 
him. From that day out, all inter- 
course ceased between the Cliffords 
and Cranstones, and the old friends 
were as dead to each other as though 

In good time, l>ick went off to 

Oxford, with an Eton fame as a 

i bat and all-round cricketer, a 

n at the oar, the best ran. 

I the school, added 

to the lesser reputation of being able 



to knock off the !• 
the college, and running 
clcshard for the bead of ti 

at his books night and d 
nicked at I 

would at lollipops, li 
of " the eleven " that year 
Cambridge at Lord's, ant 
game from becoming a disastr 
feat to his university by his 
and cool play against 

tand bowler. How pn 
father was of him that da 
could almost have gene up an 
ken hands with Harry Oil 
he saw there 
a beautiful young lady in 
riage, so divided in looks 
• sweet wife 
1 to no one 
to them, 
her nose !" he kej •. 

s he stoli nice : 

now and then, .rr.ed 

"a han 
the stubborn Cranstone bloo 
trong wit!. . :id he 

h the garni 
It was going badlj for 
the second innings; the Cam 
, who 
and so furiously, and 
e bo 
that the score mounted i 
every nen ted shouts 

plausc for Cambridge. All 
flew the ball, somctin 
i| the roii ages 

m 
get him out," said the spe 
to another, as the Cantab 
bt and left as fix 
though he were playing w 

rii .'■- '* There she g 
Well hill" they shouted, as 
flew from the bat ri^ht acre 
field, straight and furious, full 
carriage where were seated tl 
fords. " Look out there I Loo 



Laughing Dick Crartitone. 



395 



.nuse 
versing together, are ut: 
us of the danger approach- 
It takes a long time to 
Be, though it was all over 

minute. The cricket-hall 
{ it lightning speed straight 
id of the young lady, who 
xnent was looking in an- 
tction, inattentive to the 
rics that rose from all parts 
i. The shouts were hushed 
deadly silence that will set- 
fully over a vast assembly 
Tf eye is bent in one dircc- 

cvery heart beats as one 

with the expectation of im- 
lisastcr. AH saw the dan- 
ic young no one 

event it, when suddenly 

rush of something white, a 
>e air, a bare arm flashes in 

d the ball is clasped in the 
one who never missed a 
as he falls back over the 
rriagc, right in among the 
ding the ball all the while, 

eat Cantab is 

», Ci o, Cran- 

Yhat a shout from the Ox- 

What a shout and a rush 
ides of the field to appk 

fellow whose Et 
belied him for speed, and 
fuiess and agility, and I 

in the air and splendid 
d perhaps saved a young 

while it rid i a 

se, and i the hopes 

! But Cranstone never 
e shoots : he lay back t 
triage, lifeless, his head on 
Bbfd'sknce, his eyes closed, 
ice white, while the fnght- 

CS, v. .:1CW 

a danger th cap. 

m h rror. He had 

on the side of the car- 

the shock caused him to 



The ClOwd is parted by a strong 
man, who ly to the spot 

•• Dick, my boy, Mick, are you on 
Good God! Harry, it's my son. 
Water, some of you — water. Clear 
away there, and let him have air l" 

water is brought, and in a few 
moments he revives, to open hb eyes 
on a pair of the tcndeTcst blue eyes 
look; lightened into 

hb. A shake or two, like a strong 
mastiff, and he is all right 
the game goes on, and, though O* 

was beaten, that C a in 

men's memories; while Ralph Cran- 
stone and Harry Clifford vera old 
friends ■gain, and Mr. Iraa- 

stone was reintroduced to his old 

i Uc, Miss Ada Cliff 

went back to Oxford tha 
year with another feeling creeping 

his heart side by side with the 
: his fat'.: had 

hitherto possessed it He was 
over head and ears in love i 
Clifford, nor, since it n con- 

fessed, she with him ; but his fathe 
ar.il : 

cation, and Dick found the family 
one of the agreeable in 

p way thai 
while Ralph atoned for his former 
i thousand ways tha 
come with such an inde* i 
charm from ■ I >ick 

took back this memory with him to 
the university, and perhaps it saved 

from getting among t 
men" — a society only too fasdnat 
for young fellows blessed with health, 
strength, good nature, good loo 

money. 

; "i 1 his 
practices of muscular Chi 

more inUlta 

s brought him soon to perceive 
that there was a higher ambition in 

the captain of a cricket oil 
"stroke" of a university eight, the 




best pigeon shot, or the \ 

ng •• torn-out " on 
toad. A 
men brought with it intellectual 

under j11 happily ran the boy's innate 
of honor, of and 

truthful, npportug him somew 

:. on the whole, 
i) the midst of the danger- 
ous speculations and vexed problems 
which were being agitated around 
isscd with all the bold* 
natural to undiscij ids. 

Hi. Oxford course was drawing to 
a close, and he began to think of 
adopting some career, though 
wealth and property to which he 

;cd no pursuit at all 
other thin that of a quiet com 

: -5. Du- 
ring his last year particularly he I 
read , and the re- 

arte* al- 

of the old qucitii:. . n.u 

b truth ? He was, lik. 

nan, a supporter of the 
isc he I 
, and could set 
belt 
which, in his i. 

s of so many Englishmen, the 
gU>». i possess- 

es. Hut the church was 
affair. Th.it qiM .led him 

: il might be a very 
institution, that it bad given bird 
many splendid minds, that it still 
possessed many very 

lid BOt deny ; 

but that .m instittition irhich was at 

in by the majority oJ 
countrymen, « 

and stretched, and mended, and 

meet the exigencies of 
eve: tg hour, which was not 

believed in even by so many of its 
prol sobers and teachers, was 



.belli, not from ]t 
•imply in its present 
amiable machine of stai 
vine organ 

mand the apjwoving consent 
it what men who bel 
;iou ought to follow, 
the rest of QM wrangling 

siastical tinkering*, 
to bore holes in the edit 
than to b. a system 

cndur.i ight. 

thoughts 
came home 
sing; too 
too earnest to throv. 
as a than 
world oi he found it — a 
good and had. inexplicable sa 

i of chance an. 
He visited the i Is, aa 

found lau| k Cranst 

altered man, si 
utly muetl 
» 

I to Mr. CI 
very intellectual man 
kindly to Ui 
;h he knew the story w 
n through it all 
He did not try to 

then ; he mo 
that what he was then 
was the exact counter, 
he himself had experience 
DC over in 
to hare F, Leslie 
, and a com 
He w ill explain matters to yo 
better than I 

I of meeting a Jesu. 
Dick winced a little a - . 
sal; he had nerer in 
a Jesuit, and his opinion 

of them as the most dei 



. Dick Cranstone. 



397 



of men ever r 

lead 

i and light; 

icn he came to think the 

er, he could not bring to 

tingle case of any of his 

10 had come across them 

converted to Catb 

m had, turning out 
blind enthusiasts. So he 
o meet F. I 

II due 
iration, hi 

after went 
ind told him all. 

he news would be in. 

saw one terrible 
accd for i 
icir last desrx 

i he hi 
- of the Cranstones 
ncd, defiled in the pi 
bo could thus turn traitor 

Jick ! He did not aji him 
—he rose up and cur? 
timed him out of the house. 
of the 
agh inn 

It is not oi 
unence; the »i 
who in their own persons 
soratc ii. 

lx>mc 
than this— that his 
d turr, 

1 believe in no 
y one 
iwever low ; 
tum Ml 
a Cranstone a 1 

r that he 
been l*>m. 

: there 1 
the storm, where the 

:c boy had van- 
was v of 

raging in his own breast, 



of the terrible curse he had uttered 
art on the head of die 
one he had loved more, infinitely 
moi That cone 

nig around the room still, and 
seemed to mock him like a li 

Sgcted to his 
room. Di 
housekeeper, who knew tl . 

and 
who care 

SOU: 

gone. 1. ad gone out with 

his boy, and the light of his life went 

stor 

to be swallowed up and boned away 
in it for ever. 

I n hard time of it. He 
refused all 

«d him by -Mr. Clifford He would 
not even go down to v be 

d not appear in the neighbor- 
hood; for he could not meet 
father again. He wrote to 1 1 
times, hut his letters were ah 

ened. H< ceiv« 

ed n 

si bad broken up his h 
neighborhood, and gone no one 
bither. Hi 
for him to the God to a the 

first time in his life, he found he o 

:u from I 
up, He 

eke i K to live upon I 

tained, in his loss of father, fortune, 

I 

His I 

gained any intelligence of 1: i 

abouts, nor whether he was 

dead. The trial was a sore one, but 



Dick Cranstone. 



Be felt that perhaps he was in some 
mall degree atoning foe all the 
illotred that fir»t dd 

tioti rum the religion to 

which they belonged. And so be 
worked an ay, and rose; tor lie had 
talent, and soon attained a position 
"i relieve ^ of 

absolute hough still poor 

enough. 

Cliffords were a great comfort 

iid the thought of Ada often 

ired the en to fresh 

exertion when it flagged from sheer 

fatigue. The more he I love 

ng upon h :::0re 

he avoided the presence of the family ; 

is poverty set a boundless sea, in 

■ n, between himself and 

her. He excused himself fin not 

'•>• a thousand 

— press of and the usual 

i; till at Intercourse 

sd, and poor Dick, 

buy ledry 

miserable, and began to look upon 

the world as a poor sor: after 

all, while Cranstone Hall trOllld I 

I mind, dreary ami 

scrtcd, the .1: and the 

that terrible, hcart- 

; curse hanging over all. 

Ic seated in his room 

thinking such thoughts as these, a 

hasty knock came to the door, ami. 

opening it, the old housekeeper fell 

rward almost fainting in his arms, 

i he exclamation: 

ster Richard I Master 
dear! he's come back at 
last." 

good as though thi 
woman's trembling voice had been a 
giant's arm which m 

be murmur 

ike anil your dear 

1 v ! He's 

lU— | —he's raving of you! 

Ball . Yes. Go, go, 

l<c too late." 



He rushed into 
lowing hint. The 
again ns biltci 
he In lit fat: 

though it flew 
to travel at a sni 
blocked the roads leading 
the chaise could not ad 
leaped out, unyoked one ( 
( ;r follow 
could with the housekeep 
the animal, ar 

knew, found himscll 
il was about to 

>ms, when a ! 
library window I 
Mother of God 
father? 

The brown curls b! 
the fare white, anil t 
less, the ( log wi 

out of the the I 

the mouth muir 
words. The light of a ci 
full on his father's 
of a ghost. 

entered trcm 
whet; 
himself whoso he saw bei 

" I u;iiu my boy, 
. handsome so 
back to me. You s 
Where b he ? " 

" Father, he is here, 
father. Here I am, D 
son Dick, come back t 
you not know rac?" 

'•You? You're D 

e went aw 

• ■x\\a — his 

I — I — cursed him, when '. 

blessed him, and he belies 

t's gone— gone — goni 

poor creature moaned, I 

his cr with his i 

the *haq>est pang that e 

SBl it at tl 

hi that, pel 

all 1: 

forced himself upon 




SoHHt't. 



399 



vcn him, all might 

• Ikc:> r.u; i the side 

it lost meek before him. 
'hey Lore him back to the bed 
c had stolen while those who 
id dozed 
ford* 
id took up their abode 
ihe oM H.r.l, where Ada and her 
Iter « nd tended the 

only women ran i 

. about them, 
in and oul 
t,and all contraric-s in a 

'd him right, and 
(tnt him from goin; 

long between the 

Ids. ^n;- reason, once 

eincd sullen to return. 

lie at last, and his weak 

orx the 

Tthe fath- 

i of these years, gushed 
lie had gone aw 

irherc. He 



drank till his brain gave way, and 
enough reason was leu to lead 
ie to die. 
But death seems a long nay off 
from Ralph Cranstone yet The say- 
ing is oftcner than ever on pet 
lips, " They're as fond 

ie two Cn ran 

taken a new scowl, for underneath 

■es up an 
which Ralph himself set there. The 
v falls nv cheerily; the 

• in their winter garb ; 
no i ::> from wl 

runs. Yes ; that's youi; there 

dashing out of the hall door to m 
his uncle and papa; there he goes 
::cle's legs, and shaking 
him as though he were a I 
post set up there for him to shake ; 

u' ever there was a i 
that> id laughing Dick [ 

and i'ic old I 

on it all o im canvas, for the 

: line has gone 
iih. 



F.TrTHE POETRY OF THE FUTURE. 
BV AUIftSY vr. verb. 

. fair Book that man 

Upon whose I len's light 

i , go forth to cheer 
Breai witness ours ere sin began ; 

cl wing from eyes earth- wearied fan 
if hopes I 
rule where reigned but masquerade ; 
joy divine that ran 
icart, while, bending o'er it, 
ill was good, 
; ealan it. 
He rose who \. liod. 

Go forth, a seer in minstrel raiment clad ; 
Say to the race's. •' Be strong " ; the poor, " He glad I" 



The 



tht 



THE PRESENT CR! F THE PAPACY. 



rtOII nt OVILTA CATTOilCA. 



We do not know that . 

dern, offers a spectacle 
simil one pr< the 

world by the \i ;>on 

the limn- o( that hill sits an august 
■iff and king, an octogenarian, 
unainicd.dcthror.i Mr. He 

only in 
heavenly wisdom and the love of 
great in his merits towards 
Christendom ; great, .-.hove ail, in the 
treasure of rights divine and human 
whkli he rqires-ents. The powers 
of earth have attacked or forsaken 
him; the base world concentrates 
ag.-«i ex- 

tort:: ;.■ lii.it I 

tian civtlLfJtn icied. Stand- 

ing alone, with serene bro>v and 
heart unshaken, h I bc- 

i ! bumbles, 
:», scars them; the 

show himself isault 

and tcrribl mts. 

i-nemy has hitherto tri.: 
all and conquered 
dui; .. destroying kingdoms, 

nations. Be holds in 
of brutal 
- .nil the ; 
OS of brute n.v.ure. He is to-day 
j!ii vilized globe; 

yet he cannot rule that venerable 
man of ■■■ irs, who stani! 

high in glory and authority as the 

any. 
Such ii the t\ ilcally 

ties, which 
MVe witnessed for several years, 



■ never seen so gn 
ist in aspect as to-*: 
trast between Pope 
Rcvolutioi 

its equal for ti. of ' 

and arms, and dcsolati- 

Thci 

gory VII., Innocent III., Ba 

dated to 
them, do not in several t 
a parallel. 

•re are feehlt 
ful of the pa.-:. 
the unfailing promises o 
cannot re 
by his finger orj 
■ 

>uch me ! 
Through the shower of 
darts raining around the Vatic 

do not (i. 
ral grand: :. T*« 

discouraged and 
For the comfort of 
seems well to speak of I 
. in our opinio 
i«ro in llit glorious 
nded by the Pontiff, in the i 
and circumstances of 1 
thequ i e enemies who i 

IS well as of the friends 

ii. 
The cause for which Pius 
wages so stem n v. canst < 

Go<l and man ; the cause of lib 

idual, domestic, and so 
short, a cause embracing all 
ordinances without which no 



The Present Greatness of the Papacy. 



401 



10 proper 

I be 
lied. In'ilie Sovereign 
poranly imprisoned in the 
"Utc Revolution attack 
liberty of die supreme I 

Late and the legitimacy 

most inviolable of thrones, 

all rational liberty of con- 

and the source of all social 

y. In the 

s God, whose vicegerent on 
■ ith God all tights 
ies of nature and of grace, 
tocecd originally from him. 
.evol utLilly satanic, 

lite towards God and man, 
•■I omne fimf <!: 
lies to supplant < 
very image in creation it 
y see cancelled. 

.as always att; 
as tii 
en tation of God among 
under the double as- 
tor and Savi 
I faith, eternal founder 
dso'. f the church; 

tod, of Christ the < I 

dethrone liim on earth : 
- hellish work 
r the guidance of 

f»cts all its 
Pontificate, tru!;, 
Christ, the king of the 

loral grandeur, human and 
Is therefor led in the 

rfcndcd by Pius IX. against 
istcrs and satellites of the 
nan nature and of God's 
The accursed phalanx make 
innumerable frivolous and 

the;. 
been 1 : embraces 

of reason and faith cma- 




•.no; del 
MM dei 
iccomp 



nating from the Word, the unchange- 
able and eternal 
the Revolution masks its 
behind the <la;uliiig names oflibe 

nation, and progress, pretend 
to seek the destruction of th 
xs their implacable adversary. In- 
deed, after eighty years of expe- 
rience, it b evident, palpably ecu 
that under its false liberty lie-, hid 
the most ruinous tyranny thai ever 
oppressed the world. It oa 

natty 
life, and 1 MOD and 

fickle will the blond and gold of na- 
tions which it has trampled urn 
foot, giving them in iclum only the 
liberty of corruption and blasphemy. 
Its treachcro-.' :ion covers a 

refined barbarism fully shown by 

.gc and ruin of France in 1793, 
and of Spain in 1834, and by the 
itions of the 
Commune in 1871. Its ball 

grcss tends to change the partner' 

ship of Christian nations into a hor- 
iicll of dj ia in the 

kingdom of Satan, nul/as erJi> ud 
semptternus horror inhabitat* 

Therefore, strictly speaking, Pope 
Pius IX., with his indomitable re 
ancc, defends all the wealth of hu- 
manity against the monster that 
would destroy it as the communists 

oyed it b eyes in Pi 

lately. The religion--, tivil, and 
material ruin of the human 
the final end tot which, directly or 
indirectly, with or without dchl.o 
purpose, all the partisans of the Re- 
volution exert themselves, from the 
hypocritical or dull of moder- 
icat social 
The immeasurable grandeur of this 
cause defended by the Roman Pon- 
irrally seen and felt by all, 
even more by the enemies than by 
the friends of the I'.ipacy. Upon 



The Present Greatness of the Papaey. 



their war against the Vatican they 
hive concentrated their best strength, 
saj: lustty, They care 

for nothing so much as far the least 
le connected with the Pope; they 
I write, and vociferate of no- 
li as of the Pope's say- 
ings and doings; of lite hi 
fears which agitate them in this war. 
Hence the fn i in the politi- 

cal world and in what we call public 
opinion is held by the Pontiff 
preserved to him ami ! by 

that very Revolution which would 
gladly annihilate for ever his name 
i memory. It cries a thou 
1 s a day that he is dead and bu- 
I, and a thousand times ad 
, is forced to bewail his vitality and 
energy ; neither more nor less 
than do the demons and the 
damned abyss, forced to 

glorify God for ever, in that they 
will eternally blaspheme him. 

» one of the marvcllons 

sports of Providence in our day : to 

make use of the wild beasts of the 

Revolution to strengthen the Papacy. 

When they think to devour it, they 

iwing its triumphal 

car. So it was with Nero and i I 

mitias in their persecutions agi 

Chi. and 

Barbarossa in the middle ages; so 

the Directory and Bonaparte in 

i^rn times. What doubt can 

there be that the same will come to 

I with the Lanzas, i 
and their compeers in our own < 

in. 

lories of the cau 

Pin IX. is fighting receive 

also wonderful lustre from the strange 

modes and conditions i I Tare. 

leranni nor soldiers; he 

;'0or in gold; neither diploic 

t journalism, nor the telegraph is 

subject to his orders ; he is morally 

deprived of the liberty of leaving the 



precincts of the Vatican, whose I 
gates are guarded by the cut-lb 
of the k ms, 

lomacy, ne I the I 

graphic wires arc in tfa 
enemy who besieges him t>cfi 
tomb of S. I' 
as far as possible to hi 
artifices, conspiracies, calun 
rages, and insults of the R : 

-cd each other like waves osj 
temp: i. And to maket 

more exquisitely atrocioi 
er number ate hurled at him 
absurd protest that his in* 
ty a guaranteed bj 

i ally speaking, no other i 
arc left to . Father i 

constancy and his word ; but is i 
v tliat makes the enemy 
spair, and a word t: 
him. That apostolic breast b in 
ccssiblc to seduction, tho< 

boldly define* 

:.ny; his language does 
change with the times, not 
any one whomsoever. In c 
ing ri 

; Mr persons. 
fears the | 

1. He doe^. 
himself to be deluded by the 
miscs or I by the I* 

those who boast innutrn 
and glory in Ibnn L:i I ■! ;• 
The h 
by the Hash of swords and t 

• No. tfo of the J>*m»] /.' /v, 
Icrao, risred lucty In »l : 

ihr nj.E.c» kktuul*-** 

■ 
rib* ikam. iiu En" 

■otwllliataii.llnc : It* d€«f 

Pope to bm st inrluli Mi » 
thine ;o uy again* 

i 1*4 l>» ■■' 
giaaranloc* I* ■crar" 

•PP«1 lo tbe eommaa ««.•». oot tt CbrxLU—. 
bat of peroni karty not btrbulaaa Cte l 
HMD NMS, 



The Present Greatness of t/te Papacy. 



403 



.1. The Revolution, tm- 

shakc the firmness or < 

fcuc of I'iux IX., regard* him 

g admiration, and 

fa demoniac yells his SO- 

Ian power. 

1 1 h, a strange case ! We 
icrim and an assassin. The 
MS only the moral strength 
ly and right: the assassin is 
rule force* jet the 
i( tremble before the as- 
ihe assassin before the 
The Revolution docs not 
irn pale: Piu 
ites the Rev* : \ re- 

am tl ._•* sharper 

into the aisassin titan the 
irscnal of the assassin can in- 

the victim. 

fact alone, in our opinion, is 
ng proof that the Papacy is 
in origin, in its pr; 

its activity. its .tion. 

lysterious potter which, with 

rirtue of .. ■■imus 

nan Sett, it exercises on earth, 

that God 

proceeds front the Word of 

it other mere mortal 

by Itis own power produce cf- 

arguments so 

notto of Napoleon I. in- 

ed whole n mseathis 

rmed men stoc 1 al- 

ctorioux : his power 

ton and in 1 :t on what 

" tests the word of the \ 

st, imprisoned in the Vatican ? 

invasion, what battle, can be 

1 as the result of a wn , 
.. ■ ■ 

. his lips, strike 
■iic leaders of all 

Ey armies. How explain 
that 
of Pius IX. is God's 

learness of the 
I Poutifcate r.cvet shone more 



gloriously than now, 

Pius in the name of the King 

n and of the Lord of lo 
purnat g!.i,ii<> "tii jwr, * strikes 

.rordofthcW > ortqucrs 

the of the ins< 

Revelation ? 

IV 

The assailants of the Papac y are 
wont to say, in their own praise, that 
the ' dvererrica 

tux time. We, on 

trary, see the very i 

1 certain exceptions, i 

the blind, the dull, and the deluded, 

in the throng of declared enemies 

of the Roman i' we find 

only the moral dregs of society. 

. e arc great and small, of course, 

but, when put to a moral test, they 

are all equal, one as good as another, 

unless, indeed, the great arc worth 

less than the small. In the throng, 

re SK heretics wit', axil, 

unit a Testament, 
out a God, and Cat IhOHt 

Iain. We fir.d deserters from c 
flag — those who betray their masters, 
and bite the hands of benefactors; 
doul d deceivers — men who 

have instigated horrible massacres, and 
flattered every social crime; men guil- 
ty of infamous sacrilege, awful ra;; 

We see corrupt 
ors ; burglars, brawlers, 

bombard' 1 cities, mer- 

cenary wi iors of honor, pro- 

tectors of evil . v. orshippers of 

luxury. We notice all the apo::: 
from the church and the priesthood : 

1 priests, 

We see men who 

It God, disturb civil order, tear 

down thrones, cheat and defraud 

who 
udtram- 

• Apx. it. if. 



404 



Tkt Present Greatness of the Pa/ 



on the Ten Commandments. 
There is DO kind of sectarian, from 
the most stupid of Freemasons to 
the most brutal of communists, that 
docs not make pan of this crowd of 
ghtctwd, cultivated, virtuous men 
"of the present age. 

hct Daniel com 
in four ahada tcrious crea- 

tures, not only the four great mon- 
archies of the earth, but the four 
grea: ntions to which Chri 

church would be subjected in the 
course of ages. The interpreters of 
this acceptation of the vision agree 
in saying that tb< mbolized 

liv the lioness, meant the persecution 
of Gentiles so cruelly prosecuted by 
the Roman Caesars; the second, de- 
noted by the bear, that of herd 
the third, represented by the Icoj 
that of (Use C ; anil the last, 

:eature an ful- 
ly 1 that of Antichrist, and 
so designated because, in ea trit 
xtum (ottiinus. it 

ties.* 

It is, indeed, difficult to decide 

whether the terrible and universal 

per Catholic 

s now sustaining, especially 

in the person of the Sovereign Pon- 

illd be referred to the third as 

its completion, or to the fourth as its 

preparation. When we consider the 

qua: . they are 

. -ubtedly false Christians, and 

worthy to be i in fere 

malice to the leopard. But when we 

sec in them the union of all perversity 

trch in its head, 

;nt is,indi 

a preparation for that final persccu- 



->«M tv-iuoor proecutioats prlnc<r*>u : 

norao, itc«aJ> hxrcttcorym 
■ « <. Irtnlnofuo r( oainltvi* 

sonlliu. r, iMfum com- 

I'giikU; nnt la outlaw be*. 
.■ vi. in Daniel " K i'M-. <* ( — 

1. ». r. Acti.1, »« I ¥ £jm, t.trj. ,»/. /'. 



tion which must forerun the 
mation of the human race. 

However : 

ttroversy that the persecution 
to-day beare all the marks of 
Christianity, and thai its proi 
followers, and accomplices 
with the descriptioi. 
apostle S. Paul to his disciple 
Timothy. We give the tr«;t, lc: 
deny it who can : 

•• Know also this, that, in 
.11 come dan, 
times. 

•• Men shall be lovers of 
covetous, haughty, prou 
crs>disob uents, un, 

wicked, 

ithoutai: ihout 

slanderers, incontinent, un: 
without kindness, 

:s stubborn, puffed 
i of pleasures more than of 
and the following verses.* 

Now, if, according to the 
the vituperations of the 
praise iry for the P; 

to sec utk 

malice of the world, ai 
lashed by all that Christendom h 
in its bosom most odious, d« 
base, and abominable ? i 
highest summit ear t 

not an unexampled particijatii 
the glories of Christ ? 

v. 
The more startling the con 
opposite qualities in those who 
and are faithful to the Papa 
more must we admire them, 
moral dregs of society we see op- 
posed the very flower of good mem 
of every condition and in every coaa- 
;;>t only among Catholic Chris- 
but among i rs aad 

schi nd even among Ti 

Jews, and the barbarians of Asia 

• >Tw*ir a. i-4- 



The Present Greatness of the Papacy. 



405 



Iocs the Revolution try to vi 
terms 01" reproach those who are 
led to the Pope and to his 
J rights. It cannot prevent 

from being what they ate — an 
r to the world, and the support 
itice. It is impowLIc to be sin- 
to understand clearly the signi- 
ce of the cause defended by the 
cr, and not feel for it love and 
ration. For this end it :• 
isary to have supernatural faith, 
to belong to the fold of the 
Ji t the light of reason, human 
rstandiug, are sufficient. Reason 
sense make it clear to the least 
c minds that the Pontift' it now 
; all order, every right, every 
I law, against an enemy who 
1 God 'm humanity, and e 

of God in the good of man- 
ic ardor of Catholics all over the 
1 for IV ind the close 

J of the whole ecclesiastical hier- 
' with hit see, te a plain 

tasting fart which will surely be 
xeatest glory of this age in the 
Is of Christianity. It is a g 

Revolution, which 
een 1 .1 1 ly permitted and 

ned by ( the end 

tier strengthening and confirm- 
noity in the hierarchy 
:h. The result has been an 
ition of Papal authority among 
Itian nations so new and strik 
it now forms a large part of the 
gth with which the Papacy repels 
ittacks of tit-. ind 

bes to surpass before long 
*te power which it possessed in 
addle ages of our era. The com- 
lion c4 events leads nations to 
(Hire in the Roman Pontificate 
»lc anchor of safety left to them 
tae tempests raised by the Revo- 
may say that an irre- 
le power is little by little 
;iog them to seek refuge in 



this asylum. Not only has the Pon- 
tiffs vokc found a wonderful echo in 
the soul of peoples, but his sacred 
person is oppressed, so to speak, with 
demonstrations of faith and loven 

ranly magnificent than 
imagined. The voluntary tribute 
of blood has been and is offered to 
him by thousands of valiant men ; 
th.it of gold is constantly given to 
bint by millions of the faithful He 
is truly the most beloved, praised, and 
honored among men. In our time, 
there is no name ol magnate or of 
king which r.. 
of Pius IX. 

t!UC that governments occu- 
pied almost everywhere by the Revo- 
lution strongly oppose, with a thou- 
sand corrupting and de- • -r.es, 
this movement of nations towards 
the Papacy; but all in vain. 

d blows from that quarter, tnd i: 
is a .-ps, and 

grinds U) 

See how rapidly the deeds and men 
of the Revolution succeed each <:. 
in the nations oppressed by it; the 
instability 

ity of its • he fickleness of its 

victories, the inanity oi :ics, 

the weakness of its institutions ; all 
about it is variable, changeable, in- 
constant : the buildings of yesterday 
le to-day. 
1 > because its satanic power is 
that of a meteor, not of a star : it 
ITS, falls to ruin, and disappears. 
power of the Papacy, on the 
contrary, is a sun ■ I not pass 

away, but lives ; and the vivid 
flash it sends through the 

ids gathering around the Revolu- 
tion already til the meteor is 
about to break and melt away. 

vi. 

Yes, the present greatness of the 
, imperv 1 
Pius IX., the visible pole of all jocial 



406 



The Present Greatness of the Pa; 



n of bad 

heart iab — this 

gleam of that 

wliicli his heroic and lingering passion 

is preparing for an approaching 

:, meanwhile, of the 

, with the 

more sagacious minds of our own 

not for the Revolution ; that the Pap- 
acy has dread] ied the Revo-. 
: ic by making 
our own those noble words upon 
the immortal youth of the Church, 
spoken by our li a to the 
representatives of the Catholic youth 
: Jjr, on BpiphUJ Dl r, in 
the Vatican. We accommodate them 
with ty to the supreme 
office of the Vicariate of Christ, with 
whi divinely i and 
loriously sustains in the 
presence of God, of angels, of men, 
and of the infernal Revolution itself: 
-ive battle, ami 
thai the 
I tod are fi 

hild 
Jesus fled into Egypt, but in the 
it-time he was told to return. 
' for they arc dead who sought the 
life of the child.' How many per- 
■ecoi the Papacy arc dead I 

After giving vent to their fury, and 
decimating the faithful who st: 
Cod, they are dead: aod the Papacy 
u ic:t. ¥esj ipn pen'bunt. hut ih 

beloved Peter, living in thy success- 
ors — thou, CO by God his 
vicar on earth — thou rcmaincst, and 
thou shalt always remain: ipsi peri- 
bunt, tu auttm permanebit. Thou 
shalt remain, young, vigorous, con- 
stant, in contrast to the persecutions 
which purify the church, whose head 
thou art, wash away its every .-■ 
and make it stronger. /pa perk 
tttm permanebit. Thou art still 



with us in the teaching of truth 
mo- . under 

appearances. Ipii ptribunt, ml 

■ie bis. 
" Let this be our consol; 

l.ct us feel 
ed that ipii peribunt, lilnu 
permanebit utaue in jinem xi 
rumr* 

And you, in utt 

sublime ilc lb 

i.ree days later, lie would 
suddenly who for many years 
been the treacherous tormentor 
the Papacy in your august person. 

n III. perished un 
ed, hi exile; thi 

who, in the intoxication of his 
triumphs, thought to hold in his 

your death, the » 
the K He 

us h 

Father, survive him to 
peace after death, with the 
generous soul that, like your 
Model on Golgotha, ah. 
ed h i lie has 

a shadow, first from the 
throne in Europe, then fioa 
sight of men, periif ; and the j 
cjf f erm tu ut in you more than 

time a prisoner, continue, from i 
tican, with Chi 

reign beloved, blessed, applauded, 
over all who have a believing bean, 
an upright soul. Napoleon III. hx» 
gone down to I of the dead 

which shall form the pedestal of ) 
greatness in all ages: stabeilumft 
; m ; peopled by beings I 
Cavour, Palmerston, Mazuni, and 
by a throng of many others, wh« 
girded their l he mad enter 

ring out in h 
Christ our God, King of Hcavi 
and Earth. 

• Oarrcmtm Rrmam, J»fl. t, l 



A May Carol. 407 



A MAY CAROL. 



BY AUBREY DE VERE. 

Is this, indeed, our ancient earth ? 

Or have we died in sleep, and risen ? 
Has earth, like man, her second birth ? 

Rises the palace from the prison ? 

Hills beyond hills ascend the skies ; 

In winding valleys, heaven-suspended, 
Huge forests, rich as sunset's dye3, 

With rainbow-braided clouds are blended. 



From melting snows through coverts dank 
White torrents rush to yon blue mere, 

Flooding its glazed and grassy bank, 
The mirror of the milk-white steer. 



What means it ? Glory, sweetness, might ? 

Not these, but something holier far — 
Shadows of him, that Light of Light, 

Whose priestly vestment all things are. 



The veil of sense transparent grows : 
God's face shines out, that veil behind, 

Like yonder sea-reflected snows — 
Here man must worship, or be blind. 



" For Bitter— for Worst? 



"FOR BE! i ER FOR WORSE." 



1 ,t\. ...:•-.. 






"PraY take an easier chair, Mrs. 
Vanderlyn," sap the invalid ; I 
thank you for your sympathy, and 
trust my cough has not disturbed 

' » Oh ! not at all," says Agnes ; «' it 
only made me want to come to sec 
yoo, and I hot* you will not regard 
it as an intrusion on my jart." 

•* By no mean*. You arc very 

kind. I see it in your eyes. You 

do not shun the sick. It is a good 

heart that leads you to me. I thank 

. .- ■■ 

Tbeae words are interrupted by 
joinlul coughing, but. after the pa- 
roxysm has passed, she becomes more 
quiet, and Agnes has a better oppor- 
tnity of studying her face while they 
coevtrse- 

In spite of her wasting disea^ 
a beautiful and saintly face still, and 
rr rtlcnily has been much more bcau- 
ti&d in health and youth. Refinement 
sad purity are stamped on every fea- 
ture, and to every gesture and every 
fold of her raiment. The small, thin 
hands, folded over the book in her 
Up, are those of a delicately bred Inly. 
A bear; plain gold ring, on the third 
finger of her left hand, is so loo? 

1 by another and smaller 
fifw , . These arc all the ornaments 
she wears. A 6oft, warm wrapper of 
brown roettoo, a litdc while cap of 
thin muslin which docs not altogether 
hide her abundant dark hair, are ail 
Of feminine costume to tell of the 
wearer's character. 

The room is very neat and com- 
fortable, and shows no sign of poverty. 
On the walls are a few wood engrav- 



ings, mostly of religious subjects, 
a few photograph portraits fin 
oils. A inds on I 

tel, and a smaller cm icO to 

rosary of Roman pearls, on the 
by her side, where also is an 
*ite Parian statuette of the 1 

other side of this tabic, and, 
she converses »ith her hostess, I 

drawn 
lying near her. Appare 
he takes u| 
and opens at the B 

■ r-book, and, in a la 
she rei 

" Martin Vanderlyn, from bis irife" 
Although prepared to know the troti 
almost knowing it before she oat 
into the room, Agnes feels her diets* 
and lips grow pale; but she 
ways great command of her 
now has not been taken quite by«f 

" My husband is not a CathdA 
although that book bears his nam*.' 
says Mrs. Vanderlyn. "Peri 
is a rdative of \ • adds. Ros- 

ing inquiringly at her guest. 

" I never heard my husband spt** 
of any relative of that name," Agnes 
says. "Thenai a very cow- 

mon one, cither. It seems str-: 
two of us should meet here. Is yo* 
hush- She has rerouted 

that Mrs. '. o had sa ; . 

husband is not a < and* 

avoidance of the use of the past K** 
gives her the chance to ; 
tion, which she docs to cover her o»* 
e lady a* ^ 
elf. An expression of pa 



" For Better— for Worst." 



■;<■> 



'erlyn's face, as she 
epttea: 

he is absent, travelling." It 

■ ■ ' 
oblige! to answer 

$0.'! 

t feels sorry she has asked 
:lyn goes on Speak- 
increased indisposition : 
nderiyn does not know how 
bos been the progress of 
a much worse now 
ten he left home." 
cannot find it in bet heart to 
long it is since he left her. 
she knows, and she thinks 
■Js that Mrs. \ 
wish her to know th.it she 
•nan. She re 
delicacy of feeling which 
fully teaches her to 
With her present know- 
in Vanderlyn as a hits- 
sympathies are all with 

it it was 

:.iadc 

able between then). Hex 
d - her thai Mrs. 

yn being a Catholic was no 
for his v 
; and she cannot Ik 
lady has been a disagreeable 
ton to live Willi. 

ned with all the thoughts 
mind, she soon takes 
all the sooner that she hears 
calling to her. 

i," Mrs. 
ks. "Will yc 
in to see me ? I am very 
lildr the only one I 

I shall soon meet 
■ 

you 

nd she holds her hand out 
;IIy in her 
gnes is touch si to 

■ 
ext day, with Iter "curled 
clinging to her skirts., she 



goes to see this shUr, as she some- 
how feels Mrs. Vanderlyn to be to 
her. Arc they not both the descried 
wives of (he i ? And 

feels that this one is more truly the 

the 
law can do for her. And it his not 
escaped her notice that M . 
derlyn spoke of Martin as her husband 

As she approaches Mrs. Vanderlyn, 

little George is hiding : 

| 

out, from time to time, between his 

en, at the lady. No urging from 

icr seems likely to get him 

out of his iatrenchment. 

"i . . \ anderlyn 

ie way with many 

'fen. When we stop urging him, 

he will show himself of bis own ac- 

A:i loe*. After the atten- 

tion of the two is, as he supposes, 
removed from himself, the chubby 
fingers come down, and the bti 
eyes gaze steadily at Mrs. Vanderlyn. 
. becoming aware of this, turns, 
savin is your name, darling? 1 ' 

Martin Vanlyo," proudly speaks 
out little George, nsing the name 
which his father had nearly always 
called hini, and which he now soi 
to i bo '•-' iii a spirit of si 

. by 

that name. She had opposed it be- 
cause it confused the address site 

for his father. The ch 
speaks out the "Martin" with un- 

usual ness too, be 

has oftener called Many" 

than Martin. Agnes bas never 
thought of the boy thus betraying 
her, anil she has SI his 

name is George. She El confined, 
and looks distressed! 

leriya will naturalli suspect her 
. if not mui ii i 
That I us equally disturbed, 

but in a different way from tl 



4"> 



Y Better— for Worse.' 



which the child's blunder might be 
•opposed to create. She pauses, 
stam B great agitation, 

looking at Agnes, exclaims : 

•• I is ? I could 

alnv ! my own again I 

Holy Mother, help mc!" Then 
reaching for a lilt! 

case, she opens it with trembling 
fingers, saying, " Look at that '." 

Agnes look*, ud sees the face of 
a Child nearly the age of her own, 
which is so good a likeness of George 
that it might be taken for him. 
What wonder? It is the picture of 
his half-sister. These children of the 
.-. father lad inherited a resem- 
blance to ha family rather than to 
himself, ud here is little George 
looking . .inderlyn with the 

eyes and smile of her own child. 
Who has not how trod 

fully lineage will proclaim itself in 
this way? The poor lady is more 
overcome by this than by any 

question as to George's name; but 
th.u has no: her notice. 

She lays her wasted hand on the 
arm of Agnes, and says appeulingly: 

" Tell me the name of this i 
father 1 me I See, I will 

tell you Brat why I ask. that you 
may know why I take this lilterty 
with you. I ua Martin Vanderijm'a 
deserted wife l"hu is his child's 
face, and that is your child. He 
says his name is Martin. Pardon 
me, dear lady, again, for asking I 
do not wish to pain you as I am pain- 
but what that ni. , OI , e 

woman he may have done to anoth- 
er—deserted her. I have heard that 
he did deceive another, and married 
her, t had not believed it, because 
he came to roc for money within the 
past year, and spoke of returning to 
dter he had done travelling I 
* »*Keve he had pretended 
"her woman; but with 
- <> "8'»«heHc,„re M d 



II,.. 1 



the boy), "you see I cannot Ihrlp he- 

ng it. Arc you that u:; 
woman ?" 

She speaks with tender commt 
tion for Agnes rather than with 
animosity toward her. Agnes ha 
stood during all this time, v. 
hands nervously clutching hi . 
and vainly trying to be composed 
Of what need, after all, is conceal- 
ment from this woman, evidently ad 
far this life, and so full of pi; 
and forgiveness ? So she answers 
" You have rightly guessed. 

iartin Vanderlyn's son, and I 
what you truly call that un! 
woman whom he has desert 
I knew you immediately to be 
divorced wife." 

• I )ivorced ! who says so ? 
am not //..•/. Ik- would have 
me so, but I am a Ca: 
would not consent to it. 1 couUvA. 
He is my husband still, and, whfle I 
live, no law can make another to- 
man his wife. Bat, ohl this « w> 
cruel to you!" she says, sedog 
Agnes droop at on .1 yoo 

really believe, dear, that you hrf 
the law on your side ? You thought 
he was divorced from me. 
not even that doubtful right had 1* 
■ try you. He has not even ll'< 
Protestant permission i> m"- 1 

divor. rne. Even if the U* 

had so parted us, he ought not '° 
have married another, and I 
Catholic, couLi not do so ; for you re- 
member our Lord's words ll 
who shall marry her that is put »«»>' 
committeth adultery." 1 pain 
madam, very much, I kno'. 

< DOt deceive you more '• 
you have been deceived aire 
I have not much longer to live, •'* nd 
1 must speak truth. If he tf v 5* 
returns to you, as 1 once hope<i ' 
would return to me, i may he in ^ 
grave then. Beg him, in that c&\ 
to marry you, else you will never 



^ui » 



"For Better -for IV. 



411 



I say this for your good. 

i you cannot think it is in 

I.ook at mc. I have ncar- 

with this life — above all, with 

Vanderlyn. You have shown 

less. I say to > 

that you may sec to it that 

wrong in the sight of 

is clone. I cannot look uiln 

arid think that you will 

hint again while I live." 

do, no ! Goil forbid !" cried 

'• I am not that, I could not 

1 see to it when I am dead," 
, Vanderlyn, and she sinks 
a usicd in her chair. Agnes 
fore her, and docs everything 

bettOTC her; but, in 
, her own condition is 
liable. Little George 
hold of Mrs. Vandcrlyn's 
and is quietly playing with it 
all this time. When Mrs. 
jm is more composed, Agnes 
herself. Drawing her boy 
tt, aba crici: 
what am I, and what is he ? 
our name, and what ran we 

. ? Can a few words 1 
from judge or jury thus dis- 
' If I ai wife, what 

God knows I insisted on 
with him, and entered upon 
wdfa 
not d 
iys gently. ■ Bat, my d 

v your own name again. 
t yourself, as far as possible, 
your old life, until you can 
to make it right." 
she little knows how these 
pierce Agnes, and enlighten 
real wrong th* 
Her own name again? 
hat is it? Not Thomdyke 
Icr old life! She shall 

Nerw. •cm,' Wfci«r>«r»d by «>>• 

woman fills her place, dosed 



now : . 1 her, even if she could 

wish to take it. No honored wife 
can she be now ; only a dishonored 

ived. betrayed, desert- 
ed. Her chilil without ■ father's 
name to call hit own — in the eyes of 

the law, ..id." When 

shall she go ? What shall she do ? 
To cam their bread she expc 
but she had not though ■: in 

disgrace. The two women weep to- 
gether, Mr* Vanderl) g to 

com: •■>. who now tells all her 

Btoty to this new and strange 
ad. Strange, ind 
Vanderlyn':; \::\ 
ful story should be confessed by his 
victim . b*U Agnea taefa that she has 
DOl a WOCr, kinder fri 

»Ohl where shall 1 go? What 
!ier head 
in Mrs. Vandcrlyn's lap. 

" My dear, if you were a Catholic, 
I should BIUWCC : ' Go to your con- 
B,' As it is, could cck 

[ce oj pom pastor? 

:e.stant are you, dear ?" 
" Alaa ! 1 haw no pastor. I was 
a Presbyterian. I am nothing now. 
He destroyed all my tail 

•• ifcSi yes ; I can well believe it ; 
only a faith rooted deep as mine is, 
and as invulnerable. 00 1 d withstand 
bis assaults," Mrs. Vanderlyn says 
sadly. i: it, my poor child, you 
need some counsel wiser than I can 
give you, and a strength greater than 
your own or mine to lean upon in 

Arc you tOO prejtl 
cd to let me bespu; 11 the aid 

of my own pastor, 1'. Etancia ? Our 
fates seem so to meet in this great 
trouble of our lives (though 1 know 
is the . Wthen) that I 

feel sure F. Francia will give you the 
advice and consolation you need." 

Agnes is startled at the propi 1 
but it does not repel l»er as it once 
would hare done. This much, ai 
least, unbelief will do for its victims, 



4 I2 



orst. 



if they have been Protestant — it dc- 
■, s that intense prejudice against 
tbe Catholic clergy which is the very 
life of Protestantism. Indeed, it 
often ploughs up the soil of the mind, 
ami roots out the wee<ls of prejudice 
and bigotry, leaving a (air chant . 
the seeds of the true faith to find root. 
ttfl been a very thoughtful 
woman, and has often suspected that 
there must be some divine influence 
in the Catholic religion to hind its 
believers to it, and to sustain them 
as she has seen no others held and 
:incd. In Mrs. Vanderlyn, she 
lias perceived, through all her own 
perplexity and grief, a marked exam- 
ple of s assistance. Now 
that the vray is open, she feds a 

'.J of the saint 
port. It is the desperate groping of 
a despairing soul for something be- 
Moreover, she has seen 
the gentle face (A nets, and 

.1 tones of his voice. So 
she answers humbly : 

" If he will let me, Protestant as I 
am. him with nry affairs, I 

: o have his ad- 
He must be often called to 
sfort distressed Catholics, who 
keep nothing back from their priests." 
"Indeed he is — none oftencr. 
II your part of thi- 
story to He, of course, 

know* mine already. What shall I 
call you to him, dear? You will be 
I, Thomdykc still to him and to 
not like to hear the 
name from us, and we roust desig- 
nate )«JU." 

ill me Agnes Rodney— 

r*« nana may yet be mine. This 

is the sei ttl have taken it 

back. I gave my boy that name. 

He has no other 

now." 

The boy has been sleeping on 
the pillows of a sofa for sonic : 
happily bidden from Mrs. Vaader- 



lyn's sight by the back of 
thcr's chair. As he tun 
sleep, Agnes rouses him, and 
him from the room. 

On the following day, A 

I by a servant to come 

Vandcrlyn's room. She >. 

to meet F. Francis, i 

is not mistaken. It is not so 

trial to her as she ha 

Mrs. Vanderlyn has told tfi 

tint to him. 

From this interview she goes 

with 

comfort than she has though 
siblc for her to feel. He 
Sjtared her in the m: 
much she has been blam 
through her trials in not 
with her husband more patten 
dutifully, and, above all, in tan] 
with divorce. • show 

how the church n 
not as a civil contract, but 
raracnt; and that, in his 
still John Thomdyke's wife, 
wish of Mrs. Vanderlyn that 
! to legail; 
Agnes after her own d 
not be granted " leshae 

tnd, True, the foto h 
her from that tic, but no 
could bid her take any such 
tage. Moreover, it is very 
if she will ever see Van; 

.sought of pursuit i 
nient ever enters her 
work for herself and her boy 
all that is left for her, and 1". 
promises to try to find that | 
her to do. In the meantime, 

present with Mrs. Vanderlyn, 
no difference in her name 

to whom bI 
have discovered that they 
motel y connected. 

" I guessed it would . 
says the landlady, " and I an 
glad the poor soul has found 



«* For Better— for Worse.' 



4'3 



grows WORK very tut 
si long." 

idy is not wrung in her 
ic, Agnes 
1 the care of 
her 1 

tgnes not fill the place of 
d one would be neces- 
invalid has no relatives 
ry upon whom, to call, 
only child, anil her fa- 
ir one left of his family. 
lie has inherited a small 
which has placed her 
tnd above the need of 

tfrom her husband 
t ni vhich 

:.ly to 
bile livin :nes, 

ll knowing, as 
encrous nature. 

short task for 

form. In Utile more than 

ideriya u 

hat a missionary even on 

1 she has proved herself! 

now what it was that 

gclic pat 1 i lent 

tjt of her 

. 

xown wfrhin'the iniluence 

icis. The 

en ready, and, after 

lyn's burial, she feels, in 

it only in 

)f kin 

y consolation fur her. 
desire to get as far 
'torn all the infidel ten- 
teachings which Vai 
lught to hear upon her 
I her turn 10 the church 
.So 
icy becomes a Catholic, 
t one. As she kisses the 
J» ws inderlyn's, 

t she is a Magdalen, 
lur some precious oint- 
cr Saviour's feet. 
Jcrlyn has left nearly all 



of her property to Agnes, not only as 
an acknowledgment of untiring de- 

■11 in her last days, but H some 
amends ( 

tin Vandcrlyn. No finer proof 
ol Margaret's noble hcan could have 
been given tli ry to 

the woman who had supplanted her. 
Hut Agnes cannot rest content in 
the case thus afforded her. She 1 
that she docs not deserve it. She 
longs to make some greater cxpia- 

t'nan any she has yet offered for 
the error of her I Magdalen 

she seems always to herself. | 
this feeling which culminates at 

desire to make the devotion of 

her energies, and the 
of all cue the precious ointment to 

: .11 his feet. Willi thw thought, 
she goes to F. Fra 1 
to place her boy in a Catholic a 
that she may become l 
ligiou* in some severe order. 

" .My daughter, it must not b 
plies the good prir. 

"Why not, father? i will strive 
so hard; I think I can 

Ip, after all I have en- 
It would be such a blessed 
refuge, to Dy name and from 

my 

lege for tin-." il 
unconscnting loo: 

F, i : OS. 

id it, my Child," he 

::■•...• who wear that 
garb have nc irdoubl 

ful position, besides, your husl 

Agnes' face fall*. She never 
now as a man 
in. 
" But if I should become a real 
widow ever?'' she pleads; for 
purpose 

1 that her boy can be made a 

•• EreO then,"' says F. Fraud*, 
" that which was your relation to Mr. 



•U: 



" For Belter— for Worse." 



: ileilyn would b« in the way of 
your reception into any of these or- 
ders, and your bi would be 
an impei the 
priesthood." 

r before has Agnes felt how 
great has been her degradation as 
now, when she finds that the all- 
pitying, loving, and gentle chun h 
which has washed her vins and grant- 
ed hex comfort and hope has yet its 
reservations for such as she and her 
boy. 

It may be taken as a proof I 
thoroughness of her conversion that 
she so meekly acquiesces. 

"But, my dan II you 

what you may do. if you fed like de- 
voting yourself. W'c w-.li put George 
in an asylum, and educate him, ami 
by-and -by we will find his place for 
him ; and you can go into a hospital 
as nn 

He ghtcDa, 

"You may not be a real sister; 
but a good hospital nurse, braving 
all i discomfort, and fa- 

tigue, is the next thing to one ; and 
may fashion your garb plainly, 
and shun the world's comforts and 
pleasures very effectually in such a 
cjlling." 

'•I erl Oh, I will!" 

she warmth, for this is her 

true vocation. "And then I may 
not have to part from George entire- 
ly, which, after all, would (round me 
htrt." She lays her hand upon her 
heart as she speaks. " He is the 
only tic that is left me now." 

.gnes Rodney watches beside 
the sick and dying in a hospital, 
sed in a plain brown gown, with 
her bail drawn under a simple while 
cap, she looks almost a real " sister," 
many of her Protestant patients 
think her such. She is happier now 
than ever sii .tlhood. She 

is di Saviour's work and 

that which she has always loved — 



ministering to the sick. 

nurse throws into her work sud 

dcr, loving care, such sympa' 

the homeless and friendless. 

doctors rely upon her skill ; 

ticnts love her for her gentle 

trations. 

■' And t*>w, as In a dream of Mlw. 
The ipcMfcltaa nflcicf turns to Ua 
Iter shadow, ult tails 
Upoat the ilaikcainx walla." 

I : is some five years from the 
Agnes Rodney i 
this life, that a young n 
scarcely more than a youth, 
cannot be more than nine: 
hurt by .. 1 J I ftom a scafto 
brought into the hotprtal. 1 
carpenter, and has been at w 
an adjoining building. To cai 
him, Mrs. Rodney is sent, 
at first, am 
dec the surgeon's hands. SI 
not leara his name at 01 
seems as if no one knows it. 
fellow-workmen have withdra 
lie, but will return to-mor 

While lire, Rodney is disp 
of this youth, washing and rem 
superfluous clothing, a pocke 
falls from his pockets, openin 
scattering its contents. She 
these up. and is returning them 
her eye falls on a little picture 
makes her start and gaze curi 
at the youth on the bed befort 

ire is of a woman 
younger than herself, and faire 
ber own likeness, nevcrt 
taken many yea: 
a sweet girlish look, and soft, 
ringlets hang about the white 
Her own bail is now more gra 
dark, and stem lines are traced 
the eyes and mouth ; yet some 
of the same ex' laract 

the face of the picture and the 
of the hospital nurse. How 
changes have come in her lif 
that girlish 
How well she remembers sittii 



" For Better— for Worse* 



4«S 



go ! She gazes at it now, 
icises were that of 

person — never of herself. 
ipletely changed docs 
herself that no feeling has 
in common with the gi 

i yet she knows it 
Who is this youth who car- 
I a chance 
ion of it? She knows this 
I is the picture of a very 
about his own age. She 
•illow herself to be- 
o he may be as she scans 
isdy. He moans and 
eyes, turning to her, say- 
give me some water." 
tea it, and asks, wi, 
t with eyes and ears t\\ 

•our nnme?" 
I lomdyke, ma'am." And 
ows that her own 

How anxiously, for many 

nights after this, does she 

erscli" to this patient" No 

i-oy grows to be very 

11 she is only 

idney as connected 

of his mother with that 

though it lias been his 

:hcr struck it 

-now his 

maiden name. During his 

y little and little, gleans 

'i — that his father is 

tcrs 

elf as she remem- 

t he is 

with a carpenter, of whom 

_' his trade ; 

Jter" has been always good to 

•nc, since his 

th, to live ur array. This 

one bas puz- 

i—thalonl] ployerand 

uskincn have 

nc has feared 
that some of his family 



might come. One thing yet she 

U to know — does he k.-; 
thing of herself, or does he think 
dead ? She long* 

.• this. A tea i: is evi- 

dent that he will soon be well enough 
to leave the hospital, she asks him if 
he > his own mother, or 

if he was too young when he " hit 
herr 

"am; I remember bej a 
vc got her picture 
in my pocket-book." And he shows 
it to i 

"Tin ken when she was 

very young, I should think," . 
the nurse. 

■aid, the day she 
found it, that she guessed it was a 
keepsake of father's once, but that 
she thought I had the il to 

It. She i ■ bun sec 

it, or know I had it, ... the 

reason I got to i mod 

me. Why, nurse, I think 
had eyes like yen 

lileSj and ": 
self in such a way head is 

■ I away for Su;;i 
"] pretty. 

nurse ? / do ?" continued Tl. 
Thus challcnj 

Uy at the little picture. 
■ ■ ' ■ ' she 

ansv. 'it, if she had lived, 

■en no bctter-look- 
UD now." 

uld be Dice enough 
for D e, stoop 

want to tell you something. She 
Isn't dead, or wasn't wh 
married my Bti tunfc 

that I think so, but a boy told me 

e it at first, but l (i 
out that it was true, ai ! n 

mucii 

«Wb 

" Because I believe it was father's 
own fault that she went away. It 



1 For Belter— for Worse." 



may be wrong in me to say it, but I 
know he baleful sometimes, 

lie never liked me so 
weD as lie liked my % nd 1 

always thought n other was 

kinder to mc than he was." 
it that!" 
udyke looks at the nurs 
prised at the ea the 

da. 
" Why, yes, 7 ' he says, encouraged 
in his coi ier ftympal 

;uod to mc, but I 
guexs my oni. i nor 

to !. :hey 

got along very well together, and she 
was good to him when he was sick 
at L 

" Did he prosper ?" 

ite well ; but what he left 

wasn't much, divided among four of 

us, and mother's share out I'll 

a little I • with, though, 

and I got good schooling." 

'•I am glul of that," says the 
nurse. 
- Why, nurse, what an intert 

I think it very good of 

Iced, fa it so with all the 

|wc: ho get shut up here ?" 

." ( tell 

you something whi ..' before 

you go away and I lose all trace of 

picture as soon as 

I taw it, for I saw it before you were 

"Then fi ^thcr! 

Where is the Is she liv- 

Can you forgive 
her and !.. 

lone, so this rcvcla- 
has to be made with hu 

ltd manner; but 
i dyke says, grasj 
her hands: 

■ mid rather you were my moth- 
er than any woman I h;ive ever met; 
and I wili woik for you all the days 
of my life." 



■■>, George; Ibis is my 
and this is my woik." 

it you must come out ofir;| 
you'll get your death here. Gr 
goodness! I <c it ail 

. what a good thing it was 
mc to get that tumble, as it led 
to y. 

And then he u her 

much, and many of his questions i 
hard to At i.t%: he 

dy : 
"But yo i tholic, are | 

not?" 
•• Yes," she answ 

I that make the tr 
mother ; And he looks as ii 
thinks he has guessed it all. 

•• No, my so:i ; if J i 
(_~.1tl.0Ii. then, it would never 
happened, and I should nei 
been here, and perhaps no: 
cither." 
He r 
lions, but goes on declaring that 
will take her from there, 
for her. It is pleasant to 

feel that here is a 
heart . i lean on 

she may honestly claim, but si 
swers: 

i. George; I cannot alio*- it: 
you must work, and take a wife, bj- 
and-by, to I have »f 

place and my work here, and there 
it another for whom I work too. 
Hut 1 have some money I 
There is no need for you to work 

, although I am here. Wl 
I am almost rich." 

"Another?" he says curio 
irrcly noticing her last we 
id has the [ 
of blushing before her own son 
she tells him he 
"There is another George wl 
as near to you as those sisters 
whom you have told me. 1 

George to fill ice, | 

the law gave you to your lather : 



" For Better— for Worse." 



417 



O my Mm! I never 
eavc >d knows I 

ieve that," he said ; " but 
•. Where 

ver the last word — ever 
Is it brave 

of moth- 
always been so quick 
In all her vicissitudes, it 
been blunted. She tells 
George '■ is, and 

• iur sake; 

v namesake, and did 

qq out, which I can't 

know. But — is— is— Mr. 

Big?" 

ten although uncoo- 

b my maul 
I I have dropped the 
Church docs 
izc me as the wife of any 
your father." 
see," he says IB <■■ 

! v on to have it over : 
1 I Jorge's f.uher is gone 
do not know where ; I 
. 
was in your name loo, 

', and 

1 here, and the 

s Her son. to attend to 

;. lie finds enough to 

no other 

■ 

the hos- 
pass 

nt to all his c 
r a long time, Agnes rc- 

L. XVII.— >7 



fuses to leave her hard life. She 
means to "di which 

she has voluntarily assumed. I!ut at 
last her health begins to fail with the 
1 her endurance. 
■ 
F. i ibo counsel-, it. 

and not till now, does she allow hei 
son to make a home for her. Ii 
very comfortable One, for, with the 
money left her by Mr*. Vanderl 
added to her long-saved | 
hospital nurse, and Georg 
dyke's wages) live 

DOl I i\ury. 

And idney is. . :. 

cr of two good sons. 

u passed, and 
on a ferry-boat, in comp II 

Dg a 
. sit 
1. m who is do 
them, but whom they do not 
serve. This nun has a &:: 

■ipatcd face, but 
withal a rather handsome one. 1 k 
irk, the eyes arc gray, but 
ten, and restfc ii expres- 

sion. A very he I covers 

all the i : ; . lace. A 

his 

forehead and eye* He aeei 
...-., and si 

seat, ami her 

voice every time she aom 
George's hul As 

;cns 
to walk close behind hex. He hears 
her say to the boy, " Wait, George, not 
-t," and bis eye light 

few words. The 

them, bi 

the 
other end of the seat. He keeps 
head turned the other way when- 

I in 
his • He is at the end of 

the car where Bhe will D 
in leaving it 



4IS 



When Agnes and George get oft 
he follows qakkly, Ail without their 
noticing him. He tea the home 
they enter, surveys the neighbor- 
hood, repeats the number tn himself 
and then walks tip the street and 
amend the block, apparently in deep 
thought. When be comes aroond 
to the boose again, be goes slowly 
op the Reps, and reads "Ibomdvkc" 
opoa the door. Toil teems to pnx- 
He look* aroond the 

am right," be mjrs ; 
is the chorea oppos ite , and this is 
the number, but what does Ms name 
mean ! John Thorodjkc is d 

teems to prefer his name I 
i pat see. - * And be rings 

Mrs. Tbomdjke in 7" fa 
to the maid who opens the door. 

.re baint no Mrs. Thorn- 
trs the girl, taking it as & 
personal grievance that be is not 
aware of this tact. 

*dl, the lady of the house- 
Mrs. Vanderlyn," he says, not wish- 
ing to appear too ignorant before 
this austere damsel. Now she is ex- 
asperated. 

re hain't noboiK 
name, neither ; but isn't it Mrs. Rod- 
ney you wart 

The moment he hears this name, 
be appears satisfied, ami, without 
noli rudeness, he I 

the lady I m. 

waves 
her hand to the open parlor door, as 
irthcr words with 
him, S: -he hasn't known 

the name of Rodney at all before 
mentioned it. All his offence is 
p.icstion which she h.-.s 
been obliged lo answer scv. 
before lo pedlars and others of I 
i upon fa 

.used by his 
keener*. 



- m*tmme shaO J take ■ 
she asks, with an unpleasant em 

the doobts whether he 
Ins own name, or has any. 

- What natr yea. 
Mr. Jfcraw would lie to see I 

The girl goes up-siairc, an 
Mrs. Rodney that Mr. Mr, 
waiting in the pukir. 

After he is left alone, tlx 
looks about the comfortable af 
meats of the room with a qui 
sinesa eye. He seems satisot 
has not much time for scrutiny 
bears a step coming down the 
He rises, and stands rea 
Agnes as she enters. Woe 
eye falls on him, she « 
and stands looking steadily 3 
without speaking, l>; 
pale. He comes to 
■ Agnes 1" and holding out lx 

She does nc 
offer any welcome, but s. 
quiet voice. '• What < 

•■ Are you, then, so nnf 
me, Agnes? After all my 
search for , is all thegn 

you can give nic ?" 

•• I do not know how long 
search may have been, but I ni 
ry that you have succeed 
ing me. What is it you wa 
she says, i ate cole 

> live with you, as I 
have done all these j 
10I .: 

He say 
of bol 1 of assertion of 

right which he suppos* 
iiize. 

. SI 
this 
ignon 
the extent of her knowledge coi 

" Where have you been all 
1 ?" he asks, as 1 
silent. 



"For Bttter—for Worse." 



419 



im n (0 accoi : 

not be fricn<31> ? It is 
to be to. I have seen 
ith the bo;. mine, and 

1 him, you kni 

11 cannot do that." 
ra think I cannot ? Pi 
re niy wife, and he is my son." 
, but I am 

M. my wife ! But you were 

ic. Agnes I 

lot eq you, who 

the tying of that knot, would 

one to untie it. In what po- 

>u and the boy 

I suppose 

ive considered (Ast, and you 

have \ somewhat in 

;lcas to !«• /.dent now 

ftcopi 

1 face is very |>alc, and her lips 
been firmly set. There is .1 
Item light in her eyes 

a never your wife. 
tie not free to 1 even 

had been (roe to marry you. 
lew never divorced from 
10 you can have no claim on 

looks astonished, and for a 

iges just a little as she 

lis. but he rallies, and says, 

r now, my wife 

-t? 

»u do ? !:now 

n I only know thai 

you tell rnc any- 

tone » half satirical, h. 
-illy wishes to 
meagre information 
1 has gleaned from the ncigh- 
thc house where Margaret 
leriyn was 
that house. The 
\ gone ll»ey know not where. 



They remember the funeral. 
ill Hi- know what 

1 ret's money. ■ 
He thinks tin vrt it ; but he 

t sure of this, however, for one 
Hi has told hi tivc 

wIki itholic lady at 

the last inherited all her money. It 
has puzzled him very much to guess 
who this person could ! II 

has not succeeded in 
record of M ;i r-.; tot's will. F. 1- 1 
and Mt-.. | ought it 

r not to have it recorded, cw 
cring Agnes' peculiar rel 
dcrlyn, who might yet retui 
putc the jyjsscssion of the 
with her, or to trouble her. Now 
that Agnes seems to knowsomet! 

Kcura to I the 

may possibly be that rdativt who 
the money. Knowing the 
disposition of each of these women 
as he docs — the one for mining the 
the cflier generous and forgiv- 
ing—he sees that, if they met at all, 
this might have been the COD 
qaeace Remarkable quickness of 
dcdi: i.clusion he has 

always possessed, and it serves him 
now, and mak iin- 

ed in 1 jus upon Agnes: but he 

is desirous of playing his game adroit- 
ly. She, on h .lies to short- 
en the interview, and be rid oi 

1 < 1 tell you" she says, "ti 

1 ■ saintly 
woman ; that she was the land 
-. friend ta me 1 evet hid. I 
n her the falsehood you 
me when you said you were 
ed from her, and the base deception 

pr a c tised on rue in prctendin 
make rnc your v. 

1 love Of you, Agnei I There 
was no other way fur me. Let my 
love be my ex< 

She disdains any notice of 1. 
interruption, and continues : 
" It was an infamous fals. 



420 



" For Betttr—for Worst." 



and treachery to dm that 

pa- almost equally to blame, 

I had no real iii;lit to many 
you." 

w so? You, at least, 
free," he saya. 

• Ho; D) ho ■'■■' • - ed I was 
Mill John Thorodyke'a wife in tlie 
eyes of the church." 
" Church I" he repeals scornfully. 
•• Martin .im a Co- 

tholic. It may mo<Iify your tone 
:rkx to be aware of tliat. 1 
am proud and thankful to be of Mar- 
garet's faith." 

Be frowns, but thinks quickly that 
he may turn this to his aih 

iu called k'. 

then, ami Thomdyke on y 

if you are Mrs. Thorndyke still ?" 

Rodney. He 
lias no Other, and 1 will bear his. I 
decline to account to you for the 
name on my door." 

U .ire very prom), AgM 
1 think i'. is best for you to lie fri 

Og all thing*. 
I certainly am free to marry you 

, and give the boy and you your 
right name and place. I should 

k you wcie tiic very woman to 
wish that I happen to In 
John Thomdyke'a death, too, so 1 
think as free as I am now, 

even on your own ground. Agnes, I 
never meant to leave you so long. 
I v.: ;.il got no answer. 

I have searched for you in every 
direction, and only now 1 find ;■ 
Why are you so unwilling to lire 
my wife with me, when you sec tl 
it would place you and your son in 



but she remembers also 
born son. She remembers 
rt and life of 

ees the 
crTc< : evil influc 

her sons, . 
own I 

and disgust at the bare tiro 
such a stepfather intra 
their home. She answers h 

on: 
' I do no! love you. I 
respect you. You were 
wife and fake to me. I ha 
able to live happily without 
these years, .irii I shall liv 

from you 

He keeps down bit 
pears yet to hope to change I 
lution, tin may be < 

result of a woman's pique, 
over, he feels almost sure n 
the comfortah' 'Oum 

with the; money 
Margaret, 
mined on gettii 
at her expense, and he dot 

• -•prescnl 
garding his own means of 

with an air of kind • 

" But, Agnes, you will not 
be able to support youi 
as 1 can support you. I kn 
how > b place 

above the nee^i 
part Why can you not lie 
with me, and tell me how y 
managed to live ? You did 

II the money I ten 
of it came back to me. T 

Martin Vanderl; 



a more respectable condition —~..... . ^..^ . 

-, net's words: >,cept anything for eitl 
••Sec to ii that he nurrit 
1 am : ;i had seemed 

he could be persuaded to 
do so. And here ing for 

Iter < She remembers his 

son's ••nobody's child," 



We can do without you 
iinaL 
Do you know the bar 
yovi ?" he say 

witlb flashing eye* I can 
i the world aud to the 



"For Bitter— for It. 



42 J 



you rather that than have 
jam!, and a father for your 

seems to shrivel and whiten 
threat, but she stands firm, and 
■s him: 

iu committed bigamy when 
arrie.t >at will the law 

out that t I can prove it, 
*Jow, had you not bettci 

I swear I will not 
ntd you promise to marry 

his moment, a man's step is 
in the hall. He has entered 
•nictly opening the door 
key of I and, while 

off hi* overcoat. . il the 

*d» of both the speakers. He 
the room, and conies to 
passing his arm around 
ig form. He is a power- 
ing man, in full and vu: 

strongly with 
n's sallow face and wa 
e looks at Vanderlyn with 
es as he N 

on mean, sir, by 
ib lady in 1 ncr? 

r, has he any right here that 
knowledge?" 

ine, my son ; I wish only to lie 
kirn." 

en, go," says Thomdvke, " or 

it you do. And if you 

her again, I will see that the 

•11 mure hcavi- 

1 will lav mine if you do not 

lato: 

Irrlyn has gazed in great as- 
unexpected cham- 
r Agnes. ■ him 

ir " moth'. ibes upon 

uk perception why •' Thorn- 
it on the door. 1 le does not 



forget that there was a boy left 
Agnes' old home, whom be 
promised to care for as if he were his 
own. Not much more has he 
his own; but this is an il he 

does not like. This is a different kind 
of quarrel from the one he supposed I le 
had with a defenceless won 
game is lost; he knows it, but he 
to be very brave in his defeat, 
ys scornfully : 
•• Mr. 1 h rndyke, I do not ask 
your hospitality. 1 remember the 

quality of the article I had from your 
father some years ago. Yours vt 
to be of tlic same sort. 1 will not 
disturb the honorable repose of your 
family, or try to become further 
quainted with my SOD, your brother." 
George raises his clenched hand 
to fell him to the floor, but Agnes 
interposes, and Vanderlyn leaves the 
house untouched — leave* it, but 
reels as he goes down the steps — 
_::rs — foil* upon tim pavement 
only a few paces li A 

few moments later, George Rodney, 
coming in the I 

\ man has fallen dead in the 

street, just by the corner ! I was 

tag around tin , and I 

It met him | " 

George Thurndyke rushes out, and 

sees the men carrying Karon Van* 

(iirlvn's senseless body .1. 

Tip Persons 

read in tbl nan died 

of heart i which the doti 

thought had been aggravated by 
some recent excitement. The mo- 
ther and son arc thankful that 
George's hand did sol fall upon him ; 
but George Rodney never knows 
that the man he " almost met," and 
who dropped dow n before his eyes, 
was his own father. 




422 



turns 



THE INDIANS OF YSI 



TW thriving Pueblo of 

the Ysli-ta Ind i! nn the 

veil of the Rio Grande del 

No: i nine miles below the 

little town of Albuquerque in New 
ico. 
Wc strike southward from Albu- 
rque along the east bank of the 
I hree miles below the town 
we enter on flat and uninteresl 
bottomland. The eye is not reliev- 
ed by a dwelling, not even by B 
tree, for a distance of five miles. 
We (bus come to a mncho, deserted 
a we last passed there, but which 
still gave evidi rmcr comfort. 

The owner bad joined the Texan 
I ..federates, and quitted the l 
tory. 

we begin to cross the Sand 
Hills — a not unexciting perform:': 
The road a narrow ind shifting 
one, growing daily narrower 
of steeper slope, as the winds blow 

the sand npon ft and fill il Dp, The 
wagon moves along slowly at an 
angle of 45 °. The road winds tar- 
tly along the face or the Sand 
Hills for about two miles, some- 
time 1 ipl turns, 
It is from two to three hundred feet 
above the river iJies the 
base of the hills. I feel an unplca- 
I tingling sensation at my elbows, 
and a great and almost uncontrol- 
labk • walk — " to lighten the 
load," of course. Once on the road, 
there is m , and one is en- 
tirely at the mercy of one's mules. 
You must let them go their own way. 
If they should grow restive or be- 
come frightened, a broken neck, .1 
general and irretrievable " smash 
up," an unpleasant and unrecorded 



in the quicksands 
dc. would be the result 
mule wagon went ot: 
the sharp turns SOBM 
fate was discovered by per 
travelled some hours bchir 
who noticed the tracks, 
and team liad been eogtdli 
had entirely disappeared 
arrived. 

from th I Ull», 

beautiful view of th( 
ca on the opposite 
river. The spectacle of the 
Dg the river in certain 1 
■ g their fame tip the stei 
of the Sand Hill on 
bio is built, enhances the pic 
ncss of the scene. 

We have passed the 

the riv< 
the Pueblo. We have 
above the ford, howevei 
is in the bed of our wago 
have to ii the seats i: 

to keep dry, and wc pcrcei 
without alarm, that the mi 
Swimming. Uy striking down 
a little ales fi 

torn again, and pull us out 
on the western bank. 

A Steep and narrow path 
to the summit of the Sane 
which the Pueblo is perch 
Pueblos always have built : 
their dwellings on tli 
: for defensive reasons 
tecurit] 
inundations in the pr 
houses are built of the 
adobe. They are washc 
with a whitish wash which 1 

:i of the weather; the 1 
its preparation is said 



the 

of the Mexican 
e houses arc generally 
Hoiie- :he lower 

:ting considerably beyond the 

M entrance is throe : 
to whii limb by a I 

the outside. This 
also a relic of 
live precaution in put times of 
jriecwl tribes of Ii 

Spanish The 

■1 arrangement of the houses is 
verse of ours. The kitchen is 
■ppct 1 the sitting or 

ng to- ,.• lower. You 

ito the Utter from the 
r by an opening in the lloor so 
lightest 
I it Mail's Club could 
to wjuec*c through, 
have I dcvelop- 

of adiiiose tissue ; the 
Urge enough for them, 
room is 
against ventilation. The only 
:sists of one piece of 
:d in 
.ii 
l earthen vessels for I 

I by the Pueblo* 
elves, and arc ornamented vith 
tic design* of most primitive 
•,-sseJs 
iiape, with 
irge enou 
taking ou: I contents 

Tin (L 
■ 
la hot weather, 
najas are filled from the 
ting before sunrise, 

With 

water 

t ke-col.i. They are used in 

txkan m/iMgti, as well as in the 

wlds of the r*ucbk>s. 

c l'ueblo men 
ng i etui 

lends 



They wear a 
■■..:: tack of white cotton. 01 
mama, ordinarily made of 
unshed flour-sacb 

economical, 

: man with the 
n 
the i ill the -•• 

J, loose but short, not tun 
reaching below the knee. The 

it of disunce dispell 
ever, ti.ii jr. of the former un 

may be discovered in such 
us on the shoulders 01 
KM tl i fine 

Family," or "Choi *■." 

The l'ueblo wean his hair I 
behind in a cue, around which is 
wound a piece of re on, 

I to the 
ofth 

or solcim i. The 

a broad-brim- 
straw hat. The foot covering 
■ I icr-skin n 
Tin: costume of the 

men 
ig strips ol ■ o tightly 

around the Leg, in iik 
retail ige 

the ankle to above the knee. 
ihnusiure is a moccasin. The 
effect produced by 

two 
huge bolsters. All symmetry OJ form 
or grace of gait is destroyed. The 
of shuffle. per 

covering of the figi i rk wool- 

len stuff, D texture, and of 

Pueblo woof. laches to the 

led of two rc< 
gnlat pieces joined at the upper edges, 
which form the shoulder: .irig 

a space for the passage of the head 
and neck. The pieces han 

I to- 
gether at the waist by ■ belt or cine- 
I be women cut their hair 




• forehead, leaving 
the i to hung 

cue, cut the 
hait across the. forehead, and 

the pendent side-locks. The 
women wear their arms bare, save the 
itation of from one to a dozen 
brai Iters, 

but is not go 

laces of coral,moss-ae,ates, 01 common 
glass beads, according to the wealth 
importance of the wearer. The 
men :i!- wear si::. 

ices. 

ortion of the feminine- 
h requires most elaboration is 
the leg-bandage. It is 
taken on* to cross the I 

its renioi . to be as | ' 

roeess as amy. 

The object of such a covering for the 
aether limbs 1 am unable i<> ima- 

The Pueblo n a hai 
I have seen very finely cat feats 

among the men. Many of tl 
have icsh complezi 

on which a bright appl tint is 

gradually shaded into a deep rich 
brown. They are generally of me- 

diu.M 'I i;<: I feel 

and hands arc correspondingly small. 

'l"hcir fji it animal) 

that (I ':i tin; wild 

Indians of the mountain] or the 

is; on the contrary, they beam 

implicity, and 

Icheartedness, They are thrifty 

industrioi men do the 

out-door work: the women attend 

to the household affairs, or, in the 

lie the grapes, apricots, 

peaches, melons, eb I in their 

Pueblo. Should you meet a Pueblo 

and his squaw travelling with the 

ii will always find 

the lady mounted on the animal, 

cavalier, urging on John 

Buno with his stick, trots along 



gaily behind, and smi! 

cheery ' 

The Pueblos do 
with the Mexicans. The w 
chaste in their lives, and dor 
their lost 

among tliero. I have lir 
years in the vicinity of two 
Indian Pueblos, and have 
known of nor heard of an ab 
woman among them. I wis 
say the same of other race 

• sry. In this regard, 
bios also differ greatly from 
Indians whose lives at 
scene iity. 

During my residence 
1 da 
to my dwelling. They w 
fruit and vegetable purve 
have not known an 
their stealing a pin's worth 
had ample opportu 
they been 
this regard, their example i 
imitated with profit bj 
greater | to ci\ 

from the savage Ind 

both by na 
habit In fine, the Pue 
among the most moral, 

:.:, and honest citizens 
Mexico. 

The Pueblos are Catholics 
Catholicity, in its out d 

cist sufficient tinge of the 
observances of the Montez 
throw a romantic glamour 
it. They have churches in 
Pueblos. Some of these 
among the number — have 
regularly stationed in the 
of the churches are se 
the priests of the cede: 

■ u in whii ire 

The churches be s 

not always i 
fry, and adorned inside 



Tht Indians of V 



4-'5 



he product ol their 

on of the Pueblos is 
.d arrow. 
. 
The Pueblos do not la< :fc 

i arc more than 
Apaches and Ni 
man I frc- 

in conjunction with 
s against these tribes; 
co-operatiu: rcn- 

by their CD! 
-red to, of return* 
llagc as soon as they 
ilp, for the pu 
the customary scalp-dance, 
o say that they give no 
«1 spare neither agi 
it when it suits them to 
:i»en 

Irildrcn. They ray, in self- 

.ns soon 

allowed to 

The measure they mete is 

ain to thein by the hi 

courtesy bound, we direct 
of the 
;" who is known u ' 

more 

eon- than tlse cu$> 

rueblo dwelling. We were 

through a totral and a 

i the roof, but in the 

the house, after the fashion 

The room we 

: apart- 

'it, with 

e walls. Some of the finest 

riankcts I c\er saw were 

Dpoa lite I ci The 

ng arounil :ich 

ious 

•raor Ambro&io was a dapper 
idun. with long snow-white 
loo*' ilders, 

;ion was clear ami pi 
Though full of years and 



lOfB, he was full of lil alth. 

H m, who acted as 

in about thirty-odd years, 
the image ol r. in stature, 

cx- 
the white bttir, ort being 

Jet-black. The women of the family 
were pleasingly featu: 
inartistic dress destroyed the 
their good loo 

to be quite 
wealthy, with : ;nd 

dollars in ora ami i 
your Pueblo docs not con* 
greenbacks good hoarding. Am- 
brosio, Jr., showed us the fruit- 
.■, where the senses of sight 
and smell were regaled with the 
pleasant spectacles and odors of Ik 
rich, fragrant quinces and ap; 
the httn small but rosy as yo 
^ant face. 
AmbrosJo's style of £■ 
in accordance with modem pi 
ire ideas than that of some of 
neighbors. His mules were fat, round. 
k, and in the ttrral lay an 
Amei icrnconsi* 

lion. Many among the middle and 
lower classes in New .till 

plough " with a sharp Bti it- 

's of the i 
.lly attended 

to ; they are not permitted to overflow 
in the wrong places and at the wrong 
times — a neglect which so frequently 
causes the traveller from the v. 

saic observation to the rablimity of 
anathema. In their fields, I 
men, only, engaged in agricultural 
labors. 

S. • is the patron saint oi 

fiesta is the "San 

Augiibtin." The feast is held about 

nmc when all the grapes are 

ered and some of the new wine 

already made. It is essentially a 

Bat to 

i virtues, the Pueblo m 



426 



To a Child. 



Ktcai 'Mic of temperance. Mass is 
the mm: the 

wbol it in its thof. 

attire. The dance known as "the 
■ v.\x " i> performed by young 
men selected far theoccaaion. Ameri- 
cans arid s are kindly receiv- 
ed and hospitably entreated in the 
i esc festival occasions. 
I have heard of hut one instance an 



which this kindness and he 
was abused. It was b] 
white ma .. 
to say, an American — wl: 
the San Augustin of 186-, will 
the slightest provocation, shot 
.bio boy. The territory got 1 
lc desperado, who had to Ay, I 
orthlcss life, from 
of the outraged Indians 



TO A CHILD. 



You little madonna, so very detail 

You draw nic, yet awe me : 
warning, half scorning, 
That kissing a face so rcligioi 
Is almost a sacrilege, I may be sure. 

Yet, awed as I am, I hut love you the more. 
I me and greet me 
Serenely and queenly ; 
And image so sweetly the one I adore 

of yore. 

Her name it is Mary R ur own. 

You share it ami wear it 

As flower its dower 
Of fragrance — predestined hereafter, full-blown, 
To reign with the litea that circle He: 



Be fragrant for w<-, then, O lily ! am! pray — 

Each hour, little flower, 

fahnn'ng avail 

1 iry the Queen of your May, 
To breathe on my Autumn your purencss to-day. 



«V«a 



427 



NEW PUBLICATIONS. 



Piiiu>»or>ir, oOMnaiNa 

a. By Rev. W. II. HOI. 

sot of Philosophy in the 

uis University. Baltimore : 

hy A Co. London : R. Wash- 

glad to tee thit anxiously ex- 
Bine. The author prores him- 
eompctent 10 the most impor- 
he ha* undertaken, and writes 
ease and precision of a thorough 

M>ractised teacher of the 
nose necessary but most 
abused of all 1 
hilosc-puy. In hit doctrine, ha 
Tbocnas and Suare*. and is 
eccssanly sound in his princt- 
ictiioj. Tlic most subtile, ab- 
! pomis in re- 
there Is the most d 
>g the votaries of scholastic 
r. and those topics also where 
le best opportunity for the au- 

of doctrines in which all 
llosoiihcrs arc subset m 

.11 the special incta- 
Ilic present volume. pri> 
the: than general mi 

!.;e o( the way in 

author will treat rh<-< 

f.«: at he goes, we are tans- 

the grand 

lal principle* and truths of 

', and wait with favorable antl- 

The style 

i!r precise and clear, and as 

elegant .■ infect lan- 

1 a treatise. An 

Lie teller will ap- 

our next number, hat laid down 

11 regard to this point, and 

ml in 

11. 1 we refer out reail- 

Wli III: 111: 

d that I 

ends. 
' ii.' I lime to 

only one word whli Ji I 
[[i -.ii, " 1 ognoi 
lace of the ten ilivc, 

: ll in 

■■■try. The term /</r>t 



also seems to us to need a more full an 
precise explanation, in connection with 
the terms i/veiti tmn 
iilii.ifriies imfrtim and txfrtita, aril 
bum xv.'M'i/.a* used by S. Thomas, which 
we presume nc may I :i in 

the tre.-itlte on psy 

who has been thoroughly taught philoso- 
n>lll *inc! IbJ 1 unk, well 

I to the purposes of a text-book. 
The question, how far lea read 

only English, and are obliged to learn 
themselves a sound system before they 
can teach it to others, or intelligent pu- 
pils in their own private studies, 
find tlur axpoafdm Jiy in this 

volume intelligible and Ml can 

belter be answered after a fair trial. The 
has been much shortened nod slm- 
plili- ndcs, we think, all 1I1 

essential for training the class of j> 
who will use the book In the rules of 
cortcct reasoning. If something more is 
llogltms.anyof 
ill.- I.noktof logical pi 
will answer the DUTp 

phy as a lean-book n in 

in and fun 
where English text : u( I. It 

is the only English text-book fit fbl 
In lea -.ion 

is— thai ii I 10 be an 

excellent I'xt-book I 
of pupils, and an thank ihi 

ll service In- in prepar- 

ing It, hopiaig that ho will not delay to 
finish his work. 

n OP AlMOMCA. By J. C. Ilateman. 

(Fifth volume of K. Coleridge's Quat- 

Ixmdon : Burns. Ojtc*& 

alic 

if*] after the 

■'.•/-• »iul The 

MUM n ihc lime of Chlovis. about 

the period of his marriage to Chlutildis. 
The amliir 11,1* brought and 

accurate learn Ihia story. 

Ii is thus a picture of the times it 
describes. It is alto a well written and 
Inicreattng row We think be has 

made Chluiildi*, who is exquisite as an 



43& 



\tions. 



Ideal character, somewhat MO perfect for 
die jrical truth. Allhou..: 

the had a little of the bar 

full 
measure of the perfrclioii of Christian 
meekness, ft: AH 

readers will be pleased miih the pmnl 
of this book. ' 

lege and convent, who arc always 
fot a dcw book fur wet days, of which we 
hare had so many of late, will he de- 
lighted with thin one, and. while llicy arc 
reading it, will forg : tin i isappointment 
they are apt to feci when tluir favorite 

■ r, /Xwwt Htui un beau jour, i- 
g ranted. 

SikmccsS ron ■ n AMD r 

■ 

I i.S.li. In two volumes. Vol. I. 
l-onilon : Burn 187$. 

yTbeCatholkl' 
Ij. 

I 
lly William Hn 

of the Oblate* of S. Charles. S 
Publish. 

cribm 

F. Humphrey's little volume is specially 
marked by a dogmatic • Hoih 

will ■ 1 '•'■■ t" prit Hi In 

preparing rid to the faithful for 

their private rej ; 

1. The Little African Slave who 
was Buried Alive. By Mrt. Gaame. 
Protbonotary Apostolic. Translated, 
and with a Preface, by Lady Herbert. 
lei & Co. [Mi .• 
Sold by The Catholic Publica- 
. Society.) 
The recent mission of Sir Bartle Frcre. 
hy the British Government, to the Saltan 
mrlbar. with a view to the supprcs- 
if tlie slave-trade in Last Africa, has 
1 111 rttean notice. Now, although 
government intervention will be able to 
put a stop to the shipping of slaves 
across the seas. It cannot interfere with 
slave-labor In Zanzibar Itself and the ad- 
01 prevent the atrocities 
of Portuguese and Arab agents who act 
as traders on their own a tho- 

lic charity, then, has found a way of reach- 
ing where government In 
hearing. There is 1 
lany which devotes rely to 

of little negrrtu:*. par* 
I d from the slavers In the African 



-ith this coan 
of the Congregation 
the Holy Ghost and of the Sacred 

1 have founded a missi 
Zanzibar, buy up as many slave 
as they can, and educate them in 
iholic faith. n Bed reiii 

would, of coarse, be able to do 
1 ' ■ IMS tray bad they the 
niary meant at their command. 

■ 
■iholic leaders 1 

whereby tli !tn 

Bed into a Messing, 
perfectly authentic, rive substance at 4 
having been taken down from Su&nit 
own lips, translated intu French. and MB) 
home by the superior of the Zanzibar naV 

We are very sure the narrative ilstft 
Ihe admirable preface a: 
ducitnn which accompany n. cannot U* 
to awaken the sympathy of our Calbeik 
readers. When. then, they learn that A« 
sum of fifty francs, or about ten deBM 
In currency, will purchase a boy 1 
seven or eight in the slave 

.or, be door, we believe, to c 
towards so glorious a ••• 

it a single slav. 
ceived wilh the . 
K. P. Pro. 

dy Ghost and of the 
crcd Heart of Mary (who have e\ 

..'.it/ar Mission), 30 R 
Paris, or by Monscigneur Gaume, it 
de Sevres, Paris." 



A Catkc-iiism or the Holy Ri 
By the Rev. Henry Formbv. lira 
The Catholic Publication Society. 
This is a neat little book in ca! 
about 60 

moil necessary and useful instruction c« 
the fifteen mysteries of the Holy Rosary. 
K. Fotmby is doing a great work. He is 
tlie right 11 >nd 

WCms to . titat 

and people. Hi* oth 
ably well 1 

for whom 

led. but also those ■ ears. 

100k before us ought to be >■ 

■ ery Catholic, young and 

old. It is also well calculated to instrne 

I who think that our devotion to the 

■ and the 

Saviour from our prayers. All we lave to 



New Publications. 



429 




read ilni 
ibey mil be 3 ad- 

: nor Lord, and that lie is 
uq neatly everj- one <il the 
u- bock, foi 

I which we th.m 

t French edition I 
S. Joseph. Philadelphia : 
F. Cunningham. 1S7J. 
vork. which night, |a .1 pa 

ilosoplilcalam! 

Iit>. 
of the Hlsbop of Philadelphia, 

ruing an Ittdulgi 
sign of the cross. In response 
us author's petition. 
• able to say. In hi* pn 
cond edition, that the- 
iderful success : •■ Tip- 
lion was sold In a few months. 
lade 
—one 
e In T. 

-.i I Willi 

In ret- pcru- 

ly letters have been ■ II 10 
the congratulations ol the 
table men of France anil of 

He then, . 

poltUn review, .V . 

of a lctiei 

r at Rome. 
it the ci 

: the rcgi' 
o the effect that the honk th 

ed as 

rebec to ibe tir«i edition ea> 

oir a 

n of distinction, having 

t the College of France, 

Ions there laugh at 

1 ( the cross be- 

vo by requesting 

gen' I the 

inc. 
exhaust the subject in a 
: n 
Ter again what has been proved 
before, the antiquity of 



ians. and 

boo primitive 

lit and practised the use 

ol ii 1 shows that it was made 

in mom way before Christianity, and 

the beginning of the world. 
tiga of (be cross is wi natural to man 
that at no epoch, among no nation, and 

!f in commuiiii alio 

bmi snaking dM llgn of the 

cross." Hien he give* th sraya 

1.1 hi iking ii" : 

"( 

1,1-' •:. 

With bands > 

laced ih n ■. forming fivi- 
cross. 

the other, the thumbs placed or 
other: again lb) the cross, (41 

The hi the* 

•':.- sign ol 

-<|iialiy crossed on the Ixcasl : fifth 
way of making K ■ thumb of the 

1 '-sing under the Index 
nngi -: ting on the middle oni 

sign of the cross inn. we shall 

see. (7) And, final: .;ht hand 

passing from the forehead to the breast. 

torn the brcavi 10 

" Under one or other ol 
be adds, "the sign of ibecroM 

:c and .. 
.in cln tiusm.ni n 1 -Jge 

more 01 
Accordingly, be proceeds to r.how, 
bow the Jews made It. Instancing 
B, l>arid, Solomon, 
and others. And here he only eehne* 
nli.it the Fathers have observed bd 
him. Next, he tells us how tbi 

made ! .1" I I: :■.-.' |0 .00s 

Three of the ways of making it 
wcic known to them; and these ways, 
baing iry. 

Some curious facts of undoubted au- 
thenticity arc related of the power of the 
i:gn when made ercn by strangers 
to Christianity. And this sets off it* 
effkacy as it is made in the rtn 
Now, our author Ian fear, 

good reason, that 1 1 the 

cioss is faM becoming obsolete among a 
large number of Catholics. Those who 
make it atall.toooftr 1 rrimpcr- 

feclly and The Obit 

"f the present wot'* 's to r 
ancient practice of makins, the 
quently and making it [hoi 'mil 



ha> 



i the same Intention that |bc 
ha-. k::i days' Indnlfcnc* to it 

icH oaJr reverently lueuca- 

n of the augi- 



Tiir. Illustrated Catjiouc Snjtl 
School Liscary. 6 toIs. i<rao, in 
box- Containing : The Apprentice, ami 
Olber Sketches. Maty Bcncdlcta, and 
Other Stories. Faith and Loyalty, and 
The Chip Catheters. Agnes, and 
Other Sketches. Lame Millie. The 
Chapel of the Angels. New York : 
The Catholic Publication Society. 

i«73- 

Sensible stories with good illustrations: 
arc always welcome to children. This 
set of books is well calculated to please 
the eye and satisfy the tastes of both 
reader and purchaser. They are excel- 
lently iirinte-J. handsomely bonnd in 
blight colors, ami present a variety of 
liralihful reading seldom found n 
the compass of six stnill relumes. The 
i neat and chaste designs by a 
tfqj artist, trill attract I >n of 

J. and lend additional interest 
Its. In the ( id ar- 

rangement of the stories good judgment 
in it:v of tli- DO ■ pub- 

reiniuros, 
of volumes could be more dc- 
fOUb 

THE Kin-: AMD 1IIB CtOtSTTR ; ok, Lt:- 
DmoumoH. By the 

author of Cloister Legends, etc. Lon- 
don : Stewart. 

These legends are well suited to read- 
ers of a roni. -. of mind a ■! 
food of the inaivr'lu Dt IgtCtl. 

and 
pctfectly innocent, our young renders 
will, we hope, have a good timr 
them. 

The Brothers or -. nun 

Schoi I TMt War or 1870-71. 

From the French. With thirty- two Mas. 
tiations. Westchester: Printed at the 
Catholic Protectory. 1 
This book exhibits Christianity in ac- 
tion. Plato said, " If virtue could be seen 
•xlicd"— ho meant In llring form — 
men would love and adore i:" 
Plato's drcim was realized when Love be. 
came incarnate, and walked about doing 
good to tbt' bodl;s and souls of men ; but 
DMO did not adore it. Virtue, to be 
adored, must be known. The book be> 



ot Chi 1 khibiti 

■ an form, and telling us. ci 

aha can do or should do. but what 1 
do by the hands of the 1 
during the late memorable war b 
and Prussia. Of the not 
this glorious order in doinj; 
it was tuned by itsv 1 
■ 

of the book whi< i: : 1 -.is.aw 

tells so graphically the deed* of 
and heroism 
terrible war of 1 B 
from tl of J. l>'.\t«ac. 

The mechanical execution of il 
lime I* creditable to the boy* 
Protectory when 

Hawthorn Philip B 

iThm 

Philadelpl 

rtjS. 

Tlits is a hook written by a lai 
and pi 

impress ol 

mind. It cannot be 1 

and the CO&ncieta ate so natural t 
foil in reading it that wo ai 
itanco with 

actors are 1, some by 

1 in this rci 
baa iIk advantage ore* most of th« 
have issued fit 
press of late, which, while trcatiaj 
pretending to treat us, to 
inside lives of Eu 

: thai .-i out very door di 

jIhimiI 

and romances, BUI unused and ocj 

1 1 n .;0>,TmCl 
orS. Mai. . Irs. Charltt 

Baltimore: Kelly. Piet & Co. 
This is a story about life In a < 
school, written in an interestu 
ladylike It) with a it 

number of i- :. - to gn 

well-known 
the age of Mile. Isabel - 

Lars: A I 1 -v Noawj 

Bayard Taylor, Boston : Jai 
Osgood & Co . (late Ticknor & 
187J. 
This poem is dedicated to John 

loaf Whittle!. It is 



xbhcaticns. 



43 1 



was con- 
r and 
and i« last, the 

■ ;ind 

ems writtcu in the interests of 

laasioQ. ; I l nothing 

The 

.nj stronrr. is very scholar- 

: odcJlcd on Tennyson. 

era. ByCardl- 
voiurrtcs. 

p. cystic*. 

peal 

ich as ii 

thi- and the ori 

it. Ii is 
icadation ol iltcaa in- 
| writing*. 

K>P a Qiil-j Lift HjA.J. 

author of Walks in Kewe, etc. 

. Routlcdge k Sons. 

i acd, 10 
pe: 

And ll 

the foi. within 

i 
• i 
lion, max ' 

:ated from 
r liis spit 

Mood 
J veins in 
l, and among the 
lands ; the 
aercy si 

iuglii5 and 
i cry pan of 
ic seal wJi 

Itcd in 

yman, aai 



Hit 

ilcn- :-■'. irl at ■ ■■- fa> 

: 

It might naturally be 

dial iii-- author, i • tin- 

subj 

with 

1WC 

..I i)i *reca nuiii 

•i*ity 
of liun-.au nature! lie cannot sec ihi 
scheme* of 

loexptct tot iht |ll 

I the 
ruber ruent and spoliation of con- 
vents and not! -ion 
of their libladi ■ > ■■■' >■■■ 
charitable wor! 

gaged, and the apptoptiai I gov- 

ernment of the dowel* which their 
girras brought with them to llvcir fcspcc. 

houses ; the wiping out of i 
beautiful religious associations, along 
villi the dcstr.i i.-moriun 

I: they were connected, 
even lias the hardihood lo doubt whi 
there is a moral gain in the freedom non 

!'S->fe<l to the vendors of : 
Bibles and the flood of /v/viiar I 

n lias signalized the admit <;■ 
Sardinian usurper, as me clean from an 
the authoi ..ibcr 

■too- 

Once of the jfoumal tf 
Pamphlet. 

This Is a most clew ' 
and humor, whi. 
the sparkle of !. for the 

I . 

thou! aye i 

but he i--. i the 

most respectabto and moderate »i; 
of that school, and it certainly one of 
those who are : i be KSjpe 

tonari (he Ca l» of 

rliii I 
spect to their | 



432 



ions. 



most c Recti re and 

I rism 
i reason to 

I I tm*nrr, 
wold i not to hat .sure 
of readin irfgiaal French, is a 
satire on Napoleonic Caesarism, 

j luilliaot fancy sketch of what the 
author dreams of a. ;i i:i 
condition for France. The Poodle 
Prince is king of the Fly-catchers, and 
receives his funny appellation from the 
circumstance that his godmother, a li 
occasionally turns him into a poodle. 
She docs this whenever Ik is about to 
be befooled by his ministers, or to make a 
of himself. In Ins character as poo- 
iic meets nitli mishaps and acquires 
.■ .wlcdge of the actual state of lb 
among Ml which are very ser- 

able to liim. and he finishes by be- 
coming a model of what a wise and pn- 
• light to he. and doing 
what such a prince ought to do. accord- 

ne. Tli is 

his of the 

Republic are those 

nee ought to copy. with, as we 

::ie author intends, a nominal 

insiblc ml 
n clectirc chic!-magi<:i 

with him in respect to the 
h he wishes to attain, viz.. the 
v an J prosperity of the mass of 
means of a government 
lopeily restrained by laws and 
.s from tyranm 
i. We do not be' 
however, in transplanting our institutions 
to I • the best and 

selves, because tbey 
lie naturally. Hut wt are 
France can only prosper 
: a monarchy, and that a real one In 
!< the king rules as well as re: 

the formation of a 

I a mixed government in 

which the people have a share u voting 

li the monarchi 
power Is limited, though not destt" 
The ' eation of 

lite Revolution, and therefore will not do. 
The Orltans family has compromised 
with the ! i and therefore v. ill 

lo, unless It will renounce the max- 
ims of 1780, and return lo its proper place 
undo 1I1. headship of the Couni 
Chamhoid. The latter, In Ins avowed 
"■st guarantee France 
•Nil as o: 



ancient roon 
with Henry V. I md the . 

lit for her symbol, with the chui 

in her complete rights and priri-1 
leges, and with the modiriratlon* o! poli- 
tical and social relations 
presi 1 •-. in our »lew, the 

way of realizing that which F. 
in his able paper published In our pn 
III as the way of 1 
toamtt " l.t Du/na { 
('til un itau draftnu," and we hope 10 1 
it supplant the tri-color, and wai 
uinph over regenerated France. 

To return to M. Laboulayc. His- 1 
qnisite satire has been well rendered i 
good English by his translator, 
reads It. and is able to appr 

11I sword-play, will 1 
a rich and rare pleasure. Men 
there Is so much truth, and good I 
and genuine philanthropic sentiment e 
Mined under the envelope of fancy 1 
satire, that we can sincerely mm) MM 
immend Us general •• 

. work a» | 
worth : a serious purp 

it Is for amusement. 

t.Tital 
-v M, A more: 

A: Plat. 1S73. 

The scene of this little story i 
Ireland. It is one ol thi 
many nice books !i oj«* 

been 1 .iblished, and n 

read with pleasure by adult 
young people. The writers of 1 

!c books arednig 
more good than they can imag 
il they will keep on writing. 



The tritk fttet in the PjtttitJi* 
id.SJ- 
announced to be pui :•- W 

Messrs. Appleton. F. The! 
book has been anxiously expo 
lod to take up a ; 

leglected — ihc rejeil*&" 
rather than the repetition of 1 

1 lie main, constitute ij 
' 10 well known. 
. kind is re-quired !• 
history— one that may serve as a li 
e the facts In their 1 
h must prove 
reason of tho- 
n brought so recently bel 
u». 






the 



THOLIC WORLD. 



VOL. XVI I.. No. ioo.— JULY, 1S73. 



JEROME SAVONAROLA. 

I'ART :.. 

k«i»! I«t your rkildren learn cr»mrrur.»m1 Imp al.!» mm i . bo SI* accom- 

■ iij »oi player*. f-«r ihcin well, ami 10a thai the schools are no 1 Alt 

■acthc rmnmaf In aume defciee. (<.-! it wmkflfla ilm miml. kin] heli • LOh. Hut the pacta 

IMtfcetcby Jeauoy everything el«- Theic »Uoul>l be a law made that no bad pott ihoukj 
la lie ufcoola, a«n a- r, Tibulluaaod CM 

II In miny [-'1«' Vlr. . I would 111 tier. Il,- ...wr in lha 1 ; r .- . 1., .ind »lw tone 

I from M Aucnltl-M'5 » the 

■taxurn- And where your «< itiew boofcijupn. 

.CMHin, «(>**« are f»Vie*. uml ahoar them that tiod •lone in 1 vroold tba 

be lire*f ht up la laiidoiii and in liuUi, and Gi^l would be with LV«Oi."— Sir*. 



: 



. natural tl liking 

of the life of Savonarola, and 

gic scenes of the close of his ca- 

liould have absorbed the atten- 

f hh early biographers to th-^ 

I the less attractive and 

difficult duty of appreciating 

esentiog the moral and intcl- 

sidc <:r. He is 

■tly described by those friendly 

memory as a grand pulpit 

and Heaven-inspired re 

y others, as the sensational 

ex and extravagant innovator ; 

ox nothing is said by either 

;ry and philosophical ar.- 

By turns, and at 

several views, they ex- 



hibit him M us as fanatic and im- 
postor, as prophet and martyr, v. 
the figure of the scholar, Lfa 
sophcr, and the theologian rem 
libit. Ii is, Devcitl ■ '. fair 

■ y that til tally from 

the fact thai • very important portion 
of Savonarola'* literary pn 
was unknown to his comempor;; 
and their immediate successors. 

. .tit a 
large number of which they never 
heard. Another r.ircumst:: 
contributed to confirm lite mistaken 
impression concerning him as a man 

Ti.Mtii.-iy, 
the 1 :akc of him the cm 

of literature by classing him am 




434 



feremd 



the opponent* of the so-called re 
of letters in Europe. 

What is styled the revival of letters 
in ihe XVth century really began 
in Italy long before, and was pi> 
cd, say* Hallam, by several cin 
stances thai lie furtlier back in Italian 
history. revelation tit" 

the XVth century was indeed a 
revelation to Germany, France, and 
England, but not to Italy. The true 
restorer of classical antiquity in Italy, 
and consequii.tly in Kuropc, had 
already appeared in the XlVth cen- 
. and his name was Petrarch 
(>3C4-«374). It »as he who first 
inspired hi* countrymen with his 
own admiration of the classic beau- 
ties of Virgil and Cicero. The larger 
portion of his works is written in 
I.atin.and he died under the delusion 
that his 4/rit n poem, was 

his greatest work. A taste for the 
cultivation of the Roman daisies 
grew steadily from this period, gain- 
ing strength and ardor every day, 
until it 1>cramc the absorbing passion 
of all rank* of scholars. Even 
Poggio Bracciolini, usually assigned 
exclusively to the XVtli, lit! 
partially to the XlVth century. So 
also doe* Guarino Guarini, the great- 
est of the early Hellenist*. 

r-A'SAMSM JS UTXXATI.XK. 

The tide of classical enthusiasm 
was now swollen by the introdu: 
of the Greek classics and the emi- 
gration to Italy of numerous distin- 
guished Greek scholars. Historians 
with ei*ch other in describing 
the enthusiastic ardor of the Italians 
in the cultivation of these two great 
ancient literatures. It amounted to 
an intoxication thai teaed upon 
young and old, laity and clergy, 
women as well as men. The purely 
literary advantages to be obtained by 
so general a devotion • lore 

were of course enormous. But in 



this world, says a distinguished 
lish Catholic divine • in teferrinji 

::riod in question, " evil 
good as its shadow, human na 
erring and corrupting what ; 
trinsically innocent or praisewe 
It was not Virgil, nor Cicero, 
TacilUS, nor Homer. 
thenes that was most read 
imitated, but Propcrtius, ai: 
lus, and Apukius. Pagan ideas i 
ored men's thoughts; pagan cti 

iiian mi;: 
theogony was better understood I 
the Christian catechism ; and 
influences spread not only 

it to the cloister, 
sought in those classics, 
but pruriency ; not finished style 
- ; not accouiua 
in a hereafter, but nothingness i 
future. The Path. M wh 

wrote for the express purpose of i 
nouncing the heathen irunic 
these productions, must not be stu 
because, forsooth, of the unc 
of their style. Paganism imp 
itself on everything, and men : 
to ignore the road to Calvary 
they might enter the flowery path cf | 
Olympus. 

Unfortunately, the period ' 
most propitious for the mtrodoetitf 
and spread of this moral poift*. | 
For long year,;, Italy had been dl 
moralized by violent faciio 

, wars. Society was disc 
ized. The removal of the he 
the church to Avignon had 
fatal to ecclesiastical dis. 
effect :axity produced tW 

most frightful of scourges — a coer«l* 
: and although scores 
have been written describitf 
with great minuteness all the 
of the rapid march and wide exit* 
of this fatal influence, it would b* j 
difficult to present in any short" | 

• Rcr. Joha Uttuy Kowaaa. 



this day any adequate idea 

lepth or intensity. Alone and 

. jnatola dared lo attack 

sm in literature in its strong- 

Diciicc was at that tune 

we of the He! • Ko- 

. 
ate devotees. He thus array- 
asclf against Italy and the 
j( the age. He denounced 
literatuti , 

i n for its 
ie laity alone, but the > 
: hierarchy, came in for a share 
strictures. " Id the houses of 
at prelates and great doctors," 
l out, " nothing is thought of 
Go and 

•ith books of polite literature 

hands — pernicious writings — 

ice, and Cicero, to 

i tbem ■-• cure of 

rithal. Astrologer* have the 

ince of the church. Thi 

prelate, there is not a great 

but is intimate with some 

jer who pn w him the 

nd the moment far riding out 

whatever else be does. Our 

}« have already given up 

ire. and arc given to 

phy, which they preach from 

heir queen. 

pture, they Ire; 

iandmaid, because to preach 

' >oks learned, wher 
simply he an . inter- 

to of 1 

another ,ie says: 

e the ears 

, and Petrarch, and take 
:em in the salvation of souls. 

*e, teach that alone in which 

, my Christian brc. 
a constant companion. I 
lot of the book, but its spirit. 
iiarc not the sjiir.t of grace, 



although you carry the uric 

about with you, it will !■ 

And bow much more foolish are 
B who go about loaded with 
■ anil tracts, and look .:- if they 

kept a Mail at a fair ? 

not consist of sheets of paper. The 

true books of Christ arc the ape 

and saints : the true reading of them 

is to imitate the 

marola thut denounced 

be supposed that he was ej 
norant of it or unable to reco;-; 

Ll was really valuable in it. On 
the contrary, he w. liliu with 

M -Kill R 

and denounced only such pa 
authors as were dangerous 

He i consistently 

have been charged trltn ignorance 

be whole nf wh 
loaophy and writings he ha 

. at his fingers' ends, because, 
after denouni ' the pulpit the 

blindnesa with which that pfuh 
was followed, he would a 
"Has y I in 

pTOVIBg the ini: of the 

soul ?" 

Savonarola's denunciation of the 
evil effects of pagan literatim 
too often represented u sweeping 

, while iu po 
of faet he falls short in both l 
respects of a writer of the XlXth 
century who counts a certain 
of respectable adherents. We refer 
to the A' me, who, in a re- 

markable work [ii : 

• — , Lt I '<■' Rwgftr Jet Soti&h 

Medento, maintains that very many 

of the evils of society that have their 

origin in the clue. iuth may 

: iced to the pagan I ibib> 

id* nf the Greek 
Roman classics.* Savoi 



u( miiicti pciuiaiog (o tbc hlth« Cud 




position on this subject, in fact, 
pears to have been substantial!) 
same with that of Tcrtullian, S. li.isii, 
and St 

ial justice has beer. 
Savonarola as a powerful logician 
and a learned theologian. His in- 
tc knowledge of the Scriptures 
was something exceptional — not a 
mere rote knowledge, for it is said 
he knew thciu by heart, but a search- 
ing and thorough familiarity wh 
showed a wonderful intellectual and 
spiritual grasp of their body and si 

HIl rWLOWI'HY. 

As a philosopher, he has been cre- 
dited by all writers with a familiarity 
with the systems of Pla'to and Aris- 
totle, tii 

Italian biographer, ViUari, shows 
satisfactorily that, in his theological 
he reasons with so much 
freedom and independence that he 
bad practically treed himself from 
the dominion of Aristotle.* His early 
biographers made neither att< 
nor pretence to do more than relate 
the material facts of his career. 
I-ater writers, with more attention to 
his published works, saw more 
clou lal power, al- 

though his philosophical | roductions 
were almost entirely neglected. 
M. Perrens docs ind< CI a> 

:ion to them, but merely t» a det 
(jUifiiiwes sans fi elm fit":." Ruikl- 
bach 1 is so engrossed with his si 
search for Protestant ideas tbl 
takci DO notice of his philosophical 

•dnc*t\nn m — in" 1 nenrlatMt 

|urii r kt. morooTvi. .11 usOfdMCt 

» ihli tiibjcct cmanatinx 
Ctom lha llolj Se*. At U>e i»m» limr, we >t« 
1Mb 

mbli nsoual of Hut* of tht 

AttM Gaunt* on tto »i't»«l aMtho4 ot «.tui»i:.,u 
cm In «r«tlj Ctlholk c«llea«f.u>4 th»t il 
n*».l> lo b 

•It «i»y wall !>• t. . her ltit» waa a 

twl adraniacc. - i-.i. r u 

%»nU **J a." .:.-t .'.i 
rf/« tWXrn d*, t „„tti. V»o A . O. K«*!> . 
"I- i*JJ. 



be shows a j 
and critical powci 
while Poli, in his additions to 
mann, remarks 

ness. " Not to acknowledge 
narola 
Rio, in his remarl.. 

.hi art, •' an accomj 
tor, a profound thc> 
comprehensive U a un 

Opher, or rather, the 
tent judge of al 
be an inju- i history 

contemporaries would nol 
The same author goes on to gi 

lor the possession of fact 
rarely (bund united with those 
make the logician and | 
gian. He says :" One mi 
without doubt that it would be 
just to deny him the pas* 

«f th 

tiful in the arts of imagination, 

■i always the 
greatest genius, and which 

ability of sou! 

..ins tOO i" 

either the one or th 
nas'.ic person devoted to the 
cations of the cloister; 
no exaggeration to i 

The his 
ciardini, who had made %\ 
study of Savonarola's works, 
" In philosophy, he was the 
powerful man in Italy, and read 
on it in so mast inner it 

seemed as if he had himself cr 
it." 

Although the mass of pobl] 
works of Savonarola may be 
called enormous, very i 
productions never appcai 
his manuscripts having been dc 

ll*mdtckrifltUkl% <>•'.'./« Jjr. . 

Karl M«ct. Bulla, ilje. 



Jerome Savonarola. 



437 



ew instances, but lately 

ighu Among these 

ncntsons a compendium 

1 of Plato and AristO- 

catalogued as in the 

Mark. Some of his 

iscs also survive, and 

lior recognizes the *ri- 

ty and the bold band 

) of Savonarola in such 

these: 

in all case j, proceed from 
o the unknown ; for thus 
rrive it truth with any <Jt- 
\y. Sensations are nearest 
w» to us ; they are gathered 
lory, where the mind irans- 
jual sensations into one 
or experience; nor does it 
« it proceeds further, and 
oiled experiences arrives at 

s. Therefore, true expe- 

ilsclf into first principles 
is ; it is speculative, 

highest nature."* 

's definition of veratilj, 
i! clear, is one not 
■ 
cither in | ijf or 

Iptc It is well '. 
' By veracity 
tin habit by arbicha 
I in his w 
Ji to be that which he 
either more 1101 ' 

it b a. debt 

wes to his ncigh- 
mani/etlatwn of truth is 

fact, the liiji to shal 

ly in 
lie alone, if wc cx> 
i Val 

narian than a phili 
to declare against it 
says, "are so bigoted, 
entirely submitted 
gs to the fetters of ihe 

• inW doei not pre I 

I a. (KM ; i 



ancients, that not only dare they not 
say anything in opposition to them, 
but abst. ii n g 

not aire -hem. Wl 

kind of 

additional strength of argument ? 
The ancients did not reasi: 
why, then, should we? If the 
cicn: id perform a praise- 

worthy action, wliy should we 
fail ?" And this sentiment he con- 
stantly presents in various forms ; 

a theory alone, moreover, 
in practice; not only in the ipe 

itosophy, but in its 
m. His Triumph 
of the Cross.* which is generally ac- 
cept- • greatest work, is an 
exposition of the whole < 

i -.i-.oi; alone. He thus 
states it in his preface : *' As it is our 
purpose to discuss the subject of this 
book solely by the light of reason, 
we shall not pay regard to any 

tbority, inn will proceed M if there 

had lie world 

any man, how 

test our belief, taking natural tea 
as our sole guide." Ai is: 

comprehend things that arc 
Ury to seek the 
acquaintance of things for 

all our knowledge of the I 
attributes of o de- 

i from the senses ; but our intel- 
lect, by its subtlety, penetrates the 

lance of natural thini . 
sideration of which wc final 
nowledge of Uu 
have spoken oi nun* 

There would not be 

even for a list of 



•Translated In I hun- 

dred years ago. 

/•a//* .- rr. TAt Tri»mfA «/'** ''••• '/'" 
M\ Hiu. S*vooat»la. Done 

- IWI Ilallai 
John Field, Plintl 

aim x modern ii i era 

II. I. I Hujiicr A 

rodon, ir/4. 



Jrrovu Savonarola. 



popul** UtAMd on practical rcli- 
. ,liiiic were pub< 

.done (1492)- 
On Humility, Oh I 
cf Christ, and On a I! i- 
Wilh all their 
r, ibey arc marked by 
il it is bl • 

•rencc 
I 

ill the 
his duty as teacher, 
c , her, was 

always e*|ual to his high call 

I of 

ht and preached, he 

I a convent. 
■ie than answered by the 
• passage from A Wi 
^lilwMia I >1e: 

v like children— under the 

; on of the Lord. The true 
• lead is to give up all 
«. and devoie themselves 
1 . • .'. ; to become like the 
1 
, iua, when >t ha* lost its companl 

up with another, bui 

a H(e In solitude and 

1 -., Iffor ihcrd:i- 

I lldn 11, or through po\' 
-.1 luffli Dl motive, 

; y jfiiin. let her 

I liii would be pre- 

Icd by admirers, 

tho risk of c.i- 

! dangers. Let 

. who is not Inclined to main- 

|i 1 decorum, the somewhat 

1 serve, becoming her position. 

'urn to the digu »f » 

•ml woman; but let thwc who (eel 

I OHW strength and temper of 

id ■ of their state 

er women. A 

■ 

to maintain rack 
iy dare 

11 the 

it, whi lite, she 

1 . ., 

II 1 ,. n 



widow t" KM words of cou 
10 ac<i'. others. 

unbecoming a widow to be prri: 
■-■! other pe 
it Is unbecoming' for her to be or 
appear 10 be rain, nor ouxhi she. 
sake of others, to forget what is 
herself." 

01 »« ANJ> 1 

Mention has already been 
of Savonarola's devotion to til 
of teaching the novices of 
not only by his famous " damask 
bush " lectures which all 1 
:>wdcd to bear, b 
classes of the humanities and pb 
sciences. Not content 
and desiring that the monks 
convent should live by the fru 
their own labors, he cstabU 
schools in which they might 
painting, sculpt 

■.nil illumii 
manuscripts. He also opene 
department of oriental Iangui 
where Greek, Hebrew, Turkish* 
Chaldean were taught. In 
their cultivation, he said he 
■..! his bft 
v the Lord to spread the 
Dung the Turks. 
Wli the expuh 

.ignioc] 
account of the financial embai 
ments of the republic, resolved 
re was 

xntac 

tion of Greek and Latin a 
n in Kuropc, and spcciall 
in the most pre -S., wo 

either scattered or fall in 
of strangers. There was no 

D in Florence 
to purchase it. Savonarola, 
fuDy appreciated its vali 
had already brought up the 
of his own convent to a high 
ard, making it aco 
the first free library in all 1 
solved that these treasures sho 



Jerome Savonarola. 



439 



His first act of au- 
pnor had been to enforce 
inal rule of 5. Dominic as 

Of the order. The 
words were : " I!c . 
e humility, practise 

that of God fall upon 
all bring possessions into 
erthelcsc, under ccr- 
led reformed rule- 
Florence I d the 
holding property, and its 
led possessions had 
umulated. Savonarola's 
was to enforce the prac- 
poverty in the order, while 
of landed income was to 
by the labors of the 
a yet more rigid ccono- 
happened that the sale of 
cnt proic, suaoceof 
rm, had just been made, and 
>la had at bis command a 
wo thousand florins — a large 
that penod. His con- 
ght the library for three 
florins, | vii t'.iou- 
account, and bi them- 
liquidate the balance, 
n held by a French 
I eighteen monl 

ireeisely during 
of the celebrated bonfire 
at which Savonarola is tin- 
ged with h.i-. rnyed 
|c classical roam 
fails ik of Savona- 
poet. Like many other boys, 
ilcd Tcrscs in his early youth, 
lea poem, '-fun- 
c age of twenty. There is 
g anticipatory of Hyron in 
ess and gloom of its tone : 

lendo solto **>«-» lullo U moixlo. 
•I cm« tfOAt. «1 I tm la 

K:c,ei <*nl btt e«t lumc. 
ri rfQgnl." • 
;ibe>- ncrv 

c none uh*«i! u! lieu i 



B id in his youthful produ* 
says Villari, •' both rigce and poetic 
t, but united with negligence 
offorni." Later in life, he wrou 
merous tpj omposed fur 

the purpose Of counteracting and 
taking the place of the degra 
carnival songs in vogue under ti 
Mcil.ri. As poetry, they possess no 
special merit, Villari mentions sev- 
eral of h :tcn when he 
was a young man, and cites one in 
praise of S. Catherine of Negri, in 
three long stanzas of fifteen lines each, 

Inch he finds great delicacy and 
exquisite tenderness of feeling He 
also refers to some of his Latin com- 
positions modelled on the Psalms, 
which are eminently poetical In 
one of them, he celebrates the praises 
of t ng: "I sought thee 

everywhere, but found thec nut. I 
asked the earth, Art thou my God? 
and I was answered, T vest 

thyself: I am not thy God I asked 
the air, and wxs answered, Asi 

I asked the sky, the sun, 

the stars, and they all answered me, 

He who made me out of nothing, he 

ib God; he lilU the heavens and the 

i- I then, O 

:, sought thee far off, and thou 
wast near. I asked my eyes if i 

I by then), and they 
answered, We know colors only. I 
asked the car, and was answered 
it knew sound only. The sir. 
then, O Lord, knew thee nut ; thou 
hast entered into my soul, thou art 
in my heart, and thou mak 
fest thyself to me when I am pcrform- 

noriea ofcharii 
Owing to his terribly earnest de- 
nunciation of pagan excesses in p 
ry and painting, and his indignation 
at their imitation by Christians, 

r.arola has been held up as the 
enemy of both poets and poetry, . 
thb even in his own day. To 
charge he replied in his work on 



440 



fermtte Savonarola. 



Division and Utility- r/ all the 
Sciences, one part of which trea- 
poetry. We select a few of its point*. 
He begins : 

'• It never entered nt mind to uy a word 
in condemnation of the an of poetry. I 
condemned solely the abuse which many 
had made of it, although 1 have been 
calumniated on that Recount by many 
per* ii speaking and writing. 

. . . The essence of poctr. uod 

If any one believe that 
the ait of poetry teaches us only dactyls 
and iong and short syllables, 

and the ornaments of speech, he has cer- 
• • a great mistake. . . . 
r-octry is to persuade by 
.yllogism called an exam- 
ple, expressed with elegance of language. 
so a* to Convince and, nt the same time, 
■ ight u*. And as our soul has su- 
In song and harmony, the 
aneii- '■■■■ measures of versl- 

fiemi ., such means, men might 

Illy excited to viuue. But 
mea- ore form ; and the poet may 

produce a poem without metre aod with- 
out v la the case in 
the Holy Scriptures, In which our Lord 
nukes IrM poetry COBSlSI i:i WttdOflli 
tine eloquence in the spirit of truth ; 

'! with the 
outward letter, but with the 

spirit." . . . Ilr ilicn goes onto dcniM 
"afdlicioi who 

i i . . • 

steps of the Or Romas! . keep 

:• same form, tin- NUni BOOM : invoke 

tana gods. BO venture to UM any 

r names oi man those il" f 

in the ancients. Mil]) 

a ulsc poetry.br i One I I -' pi mil bus to 

youth. We I'm 1 th> heathens themselves 

condemn i 

himself di ,,-ht to bo 

passed to expel limn the city 

i, by the allu I cor- 

rupting Terws. com : i i i n>» 

with vile lost* and moral degradation? 
What, then, .tic oui i princes 

about? Why do they not issue a law to 

iilv these 

(alee poets, o, and all 

»orks of :i:i who have 

ij praise 

false gods? It would be well if all Mich 

rod, and r.one n 
allow 
to virtuous condect." 



It is on such passages as 
that Savonarola's enemies base I 
charges of enmity to p 
The charges are unfou- 
xsthctic opinions were in har 
with the pure es of art. i 

his sense of the true and 

I was always acute, ' In 
does beauty consist ?" he ask 
of his sermons. *' In colors ? No 
figures? No. Beauty results 
harmony in all the parts and i 

iies to composite 
in simple subjects, beauty is in lig 
Look at the sun 

beauty is in light ; behold the sp 
W blessed — light constitutes I 
beauty; raise your the 
Almighty— he is light and is 
itself. The I* 

man is greater and more perfect I 
neater it approaches to the [ 
Beauty. But what, then. 
it is a quality rcsu'. 
duej ; and harmony bet 

the several members and parts oil 
body. You would never saj 
woman was handsome be 

I line nose and pretty | 
hut when her features hamio 
nee comes this beauty ? Irnj 
and you will find it is from 

Addressing himself to women, 1 
said : " Ye women who glory 
yout nts, in your lie. 

cs. in your hands, I tell you 
arc all ugly ! Would you 
beauty ? Observe a devout [ 
Bun or woman, i:i whom the 
dwells— obsen in one, 1 1 

while in the a iyer, wheal 

countenance is suffused will 
beauty, and the prayer is over, 
will then sec the i tied' 

■ I in that !;u-e, and a cou 
nanc iBgctic." 

We have thus end ■ refJC- 

Savonarola'i 
;, prcsentii rcadf 

in a variety of mental asn<. 



Jeromt Savonarola. 



441 



K>me idea of the mora), in- 
I. and (esthetic sides of his 

• •rdcr that, as the story 
.- anil the account of the ex- 

.'.* with which it ht 
in our pages, they may be the 
bk to appreciate his action 

a partial knowledge of 
constitution and mental 

We resume, then, the 
our narrative. 

SCKM0.1 AT MM.C 

arola preached his usual 

f Lenten sermons in 1493, 

e, but at Bologna. His 

ce with Ins brother 

Mark 1 ab- 

that he had gone there 

■ is hence supposed 

bad brought 

iuperiors at Milan ami .it 
he friar confined his 
to subjects of doctrine and 
mil a: the outset attracted 
ie attention. 'I : ;.' 

him down i 
n, a preacher for wo- 
■■•plite tfrtdkatort tia 
I sin- 
contagious, and hearers 
in crowds. 1 

igho then ruled llo- 

the sermons, entering late, 

>«ed by a large retinue of 

s — grnfil- 

iamxieltr. The silent rebuke 

mg short in his sermon until 

inbance thus earned had 

ras tried by the pteacher 

He then rc- 

ttit_- :ion given by 

rruptions, and mildly rc- 

ladies who came ro 

sermon should endeavor to 

at it* begi In rc- 

iity woman ma 

ling the a 



with offensive and increased ostenta- 
tion, until one morning, when thus 
leaking in upon the friar while in 
all the fervor of his discourse, his 

HOC gMti way, and he cried out: 
£«o, euo il siemonio die riene ad in- 
Urrompere il ;old 

the demon who comes to 1 
the? word of God !'' All the blood of 
allti this pub- 

lic insult. A reigning princess 1 
thus treated by a xaatftakl 
the story runs, she ordered two of 
her attendant . htm in the 

pulpit; but whether their courage 
railed them, or the crowd would not 

lit them to R Briar, they 

hit)' out their order. 
enraged, she sent two other satcilit 
to his tell, where Savonarola received 
them with such dignity and impres- 
sive calmness that their resolution 
oozed away, and they said with great 
u lady hai sent ua to 
your reverence to know if you 
need 01 To which 

suitable and courteous reply I 

•, they were < 

rmon at Bologna, the 

preacher announced: -This eve- 
ning I shall depart for Florence ••■ 
my slender staff and wooden Bask, 
and I Shall til 
]>erson want aught of me, let him 

IC before 1 ict nut. .!/: 
not to it ,f at SfiUgna, but 

legend runs thai it was on 
this journey, when near to Florence, 
that Savonarola, unable to take any 
food and broken with ink 

by the is to go 

furtht kly there came to I 

1 an nnkn 

giving him strength, * 

him to the city gate, and disap|>ear- 

Nc-mcmber that thou 

it been 

sent b) ; will dc- 

:iclf as to the degree of 



442 



Jerome Savonarola. 



credibility to lie attached to such a 
Certain it is, nevertheless, 
that Savonarola himself and many 
men of the ■ minds of that 

diy fully believed in it.* 

: rcXMNCB Of S. XAi 

On his return to Florence in the 
spring of tv|g trola found a 

worse state of things than he had 
left on his dc The rule of 

Piero de' Medici was rapidly Ik-: 
ing every day less tolerable, ami the 
t of the ]>eople more mark- 
ed and bitter. One thing, however, 
the people knew well. It was that 
Sav Mend. I'iero 

dc* Medici was also perfectly aware 
of it, and, as he had the power, might 
at any moment through his influence 
have the Dominican prior ordered 
away to Milan by bit superiors in 
ne, as the Tuscan 
convents foimcd one province with 
those of Lombard/. This union had 
been brought ah ■■ ity years 

before by reason of the dcpopul.t- 
; of the Tuscan convents from the 
this state of things had 
long ceased to exist, and the con- 
vents were a i to 
Savonarola to seek the restoration of 
the Tuscan convents tu their original 
condition of an independent pro- 
vince. In his management of this 
important and difficult piece of prac- 
tical business, there wax nothing 
whatever of the visionary monk. 
and he set to work with all his en 
to carry out a measure in which lie 
felt that the purity and elevation of 
order and cities of the 
Florentine people were at stake. 
The authorization for the measure he 

•A f.:.- ; - ■_-!>■ ilm.lar tini'iii it detcrlbed by 
luinbll* ml h&iinc fcp|>eii 
1 Vnirii* »heu he w»i I by Hit 

■i>. The letter In which be »|wmk( 

galtrt Ubri 

\nhl* //itft^rtJti Crimen M .itA/m±itfAti, mid 
< '<!•]<« Iluoucul the mull c'.oi,;icnt 
in Italian Utcrilure. 



desired must of course 
Rome, and, in order to oht 
sent thither two of his fri. 
sandro Rinuccuii, a mem 
of the most illustrious 
Florence, and Domcnico da 
The latter in particular was 
served!/ devot-. prior, 1 

in his admii .:, and 

persuaded that he was a jit 
sent by God On arriving at 
destination, they encountered | 
midable opposition. N 
Lombards, but the I 
the republic of Genoa, the Duk 
and Ferrara, and Benin 

OlOgna, all join. 
the defeat of t'.i s 

enough — and it is mentioi 
historians as an evidence of 

mind and inaUcn: 
matters- 

persuaded to favor a m 
which the main object was tc 
from h 
.-. In fact, Savonarol; 
DOt have advanced a step 
obtaining his approbation, in 
as the appl 1 the con< 

could not be allowed 
presented without the 

ie Florentine govei. 
bringing about this importa 
cess. ola hail the 

of Philip Valori, and Jo 
dc' Medici, a brother of Piero 

. became 1'opc 
While at Rome, ti> 
Dominicans and Cardinal 
of Naples warmly support! 
Nevertheless, the two C 
Mark's who had Dl to 

were dispirited by the form 
aspect of the < 1 the 

encountered, and wrote to th 
that success was impo 
must give up all hope 
his point. Savonar 

v with doubts I St 
and you will be victorious; 




ic councils of the nations, 
the -to 

-iitory of the 
.the Tuscan question 
but the pope refused 10 
dismissed the 
il the following day. 
parted nith the 

fof CaraiFa, who took the 
ilerest in the success i 
and had a strong per 
th Alexander VI. They 
1 into .1 friendly conversation, 
which the cardinal produc- 
' brief, and asked the pope to 
Wit: -. he declined ; 

turning on hi 
and in a half-jesting man- 
took the pontifical 
the pope's finger, and seal- 
Just then, in hot haste, 
fresh and stronger rcmon* 
from I^ombardy, but the 
lied thai it was too late — 
done is done"; and he 
no more of it 
ola re was to re- 

I strengthen the discipline of 
and it wa 
tut he btonght it back to the 
il role of poverty established 
t founder of the ord 
Jready Tncn followed 

forcement of the strictest per- 
economy. the acquisition and 
:e of useful arts by the monks 
l>y to earn their livelihood, and 
idy ot ital langu 

. the 
prior taught by example as 
as by precept. His monks 
ted no prin< iplc 
Ich he was not a living n 
b his diet, ascetic in all bis 
i of an application to study 
ecmed to know no fatigue, he 
Ml all by his labor and sclf- 
. In all the whole convent, the 
ink was not more poorly 
his prior. No cell so na- 



ked, no pallet so hard, as his. Rigid 
with others, he was severe with him- 
self. Numcr 

ed themselves (bl n to (he 

Convent of S. Mark, which was now 
the admiration of all Tuscany. The 
sons of the most distinguished f.im- 
tonght to bo a 

:tes Of S. Mark's, and the Ru< vilai. 
the S.ilviati. the Albitzi, the 
and even the Medici, pressed into 
the narrow limits of the crowded 
to receive at the 
hands of Savonarola the robe of S. 
Dominic. Additional buildings were 
lately necessary, and those of 
the Sapicnza were obtained — the 
•anie that were a few years since 
used for the stables of the grand 
duke. 

Under the brief lately obtained 
from Rome, the Dominican convents 
"i I icsolc, l'rato, and BFbbi 
the two hospices of the Maddaicna, 
asked lor reception into tin 
:::n!er Savon:.: 
thorn, and were admitted. Evetl 
the friars of another order, the 
tli, were desirous of uniting 
■ order to 
be under the rule of Savonarola ; but 
he could not accede to their request, 
for want of authority. ,uc- 

ce*» I no; in the slight- 

est degree affect hii character. If, 
during bb career, be manifeued pride 
and daring, it was towards the gi 
and powerful. In private life, and 
in the interior of his convent, he was 
to the end the same gentle 
humble brother the monks bad 
■ as Fra Cirolamo. 

At.vr.vi. i4 93 . 

It was natural, under the circuin- 
that the -Superior of the 

the ; '.shuse predictions had 

been so wondetfully verified, the cx- 

lary nook v, ho had been called 



lo the bedside of ihc dying Lorenzo 

Magnificent, should enter upon 

the delivery of his course of Advent 

sermons for 1493 with increased 

far greater free 
of speech than the comparatively un- 
1 irolamo had ever mani- 
audienccs grew daily 
■;is, and crowds awaited 
The twenty- 
sermons of this course were 
•vc.ny-tliii'l Psalm (Qua* 
I topics were 
>us condition 
1, the immoral lives of 
: many of the 
punish- 
re of all good men 
of depravity. 
ited the passages 
'■ 
s of the .: 
pretties") in which be denounces 

i he 
princes of Italy: 
sent as a 
sub- 
teat snare for 
souls ; their palaces and balls arc 
refuge of all the beasts and monsters 
be earth, and are a shelter for 
d for every kind of wicked- 
to their courts 
because there they find the means 
and a give ven- 

all their evil passions. There we rind 

ed couns. 
new burdens and new imposts for 
the blood of the people; 
there »c find the flattering philoso- 

thc genealogy 

Ivosc wicked princes from 

god* .> hsII worse, there 

priests wfc -me 

■vjr brethren, is the 

the 

•as, the dty 

c«, after speaking aharply 



of a superfluity of 
and golden chi 
dost thou know w hat I wtj 
In the primitive chuten, tl 
wooden chalices and golden 
but DOW the church has gol 
ices and wooden prelates. . 

"What doc« thou. O Lei 

slumbcrest thou? Arise and 

church out of (he hands of tin- 

of the bands of tyrants, out of 

of wicked prelates, ilast thoi 

thy church? Dost thou not 

Mast thou no care forhet? ' 

come. O Lord, the opprobrh 

nation*. Turks are masters oi 

. 1 ibut 

. O Lord God ! thou 1 

wiih us at an angry rather; 

I ; hasten I 

meat and the scourge, thai 1 

be a speedy return £ 

tuji (mgmltt — ' Pour out thy • 

MOOes.' Be not ocandi 

tirethrcf), by these words ; rathe 

that, when the Rood wiih fur pi 

i( i< y wish 10 see 1 

I , and the blessed reign 

iroughout 

: »ve now no other hope I 

less the sword of the Lord thr 

lilt DHL-UK. 

In Lent, 1494, Savonarola 
his preaching in a course 
mons which, as published, h 
entitled Sermons en jY<s 
(/ttditAt w/<ra I'Arta di ., 
was, in f ition 

of Genesis b 
1490. The impression pn> 
them upon his auditors was v 
All the biographers unite in 
ing how the people were 
away, the WOfl exci 

how marvellc; 14 1 

told came to pass. His Ad 
moos had dwelt on the 1 
proach of punishments — a 
deluge of calamities — and 
constructs a mystical ark in \ 
may take refuge. He pr 
the approach of a new Cj 



Jerome Savonarola 



445 



tily without resist- 

,th, on Faster moi 

g completed, he invitcil 

asten to enter it with the 

ins: 

Be will conic when the ark 

osed, and many will repent 

■ 

short chap: enesis 

the ark occupied the 

Lent, and he resumed the 

the month of September 

On the twenty-first day of 

, he was to expound tin- 

i verse, relating to the 

me of Florence was crowd- 
waited for the sermon in 
tod excitement, but alien- 
motionless. Mounting the 
surveying the multitude 
nivc silence for a few mo- 
tlur. :: : •' And bc- 

ven I, do bring a flood of 
on the earth." A thrill of 
Tilscd the vast assemblage, 
.itcs that a 
ran through all his bones, 
die hairs of hi 
and Savouarola has reo 
was profoundly m 
day ived 

de of foreign troops were 
the Alps to 
popular credulity made 
bcrs countless, invincible in 



arms, gigantic, cruel, and ferocious. 
"11 fore die arrival of the 

King of France, just closed the ark, 
these sermons caused such tenor, 
alarm, sobbing, and tears, that every 
one pasted through the streets with- 
out speaking, more dead than ali 

(MS uibeuhian lib- 

rary.') Terror there was indeed. Italy 
was helpless. There was neither na- 
tion The princes 
were defenceless, and the whole 
country must fall an easy prey to the 
11 saw rivers of blood 
before them. What could save 
them ? All rushed to Savonav 
imploring counsel .1:1 He 
alone could succor them. All his 
words had been verified. All th 
whose deaths he foretold had gone 
to their graves. Punishment threat- 
ened had begap. The sword of the 
Lord had indeed descended upon 
the earth. Not only the pec-] 
flocked about him, but the graver 
men and magistrates of Florence 
asked his counsel, and his 
and adherents became in a i 
as if by magic, the rulers of the 

Here may be said to term 
the on ml, 

m order to follow his career, wc must 
with him quit the doister, and 
company him among the people of 
Florence down in the public plat i 



44<> 



Madame Agnes. 



MAD AMI. ACNES, 
raw tb« mvcir or chaiub onork 
CBAI 

\rs paortu 



It was the first time for many week* 
that I.ouis had met Eugi-nie alone. 
He fell greatly excited, and n 
rally said to himself : "Ought I to 
manifest any appearance of avoiding 
her ? . . . Or, on the contrary, shall 
I keep on? Any avoidance mi 
make her think unfavorably of me. 
. . . But would it be prudent (0 
speak to her ? . . ." While thai 
bating with himself, he looked at 
Eugontc as she advanced towards 
1 1 : ; 1 1 . handsome and dignified a* ei 
and as calm as he was agitated. 
He still kept on. yielding to an 
sistible attraction without bringing 
himself to an account for it. As he 
advanced, he recalled how Franchise 
had wo« 

nan, >uld have no inte- 

rest in deceiving me. A soul so 
.lit and pure could only tell the 
truth. And who has had a better 
opportunity of knowing Mile. Bu 
... Well, I must study this 
nnrc! ... 1 
will speak to her ! ... 1 have judg- 
ed her too severely. 1 must learn 
her real nature. I must sltow her 
what 1 am. She has, I am sure, 
conceived some suspicion about mc 
which she may already regret. At 
all . line of conduct here 

I am resolv- 
ed to regain her esteem, and obtain 
her assistance in the good 1 am 
doing, in order that it may be done 
more effectually and speedily. Now 
time to make the attempt! . . ." 
this to himself, he 
met Eugenie. She did not appear at 
all embarrassed as he advainred to 



speak to her, but said, in a frank, 

You ha\e been WW 
my patient ; she spoke of you y» 
terd: 

' ifes, madei : I have Jot 

come from there. I do not tint 
she will need our assistance loot 
Poor woman, or rather, happy ■» 
man, she is at last going to 
the reward she so w< -i 
But how many others there are mi 
to be aided when she is goi. 
There is so much wretchededi 
iever way we turn ! If then 
were only more like you, madem* 
selle, to look after the poor!" 
" And you also, monsieur 
father has told me something 

not speak of ray sp* 

n is ol E=* 

value; but 1 a- i they plea* 

mc. Above all, I hope j 

allow yourself to be discouraged bj 

i ties you are likely to m«J 

'- I hope, with the help of fiod.B 
me them, ma .. Bit 

the efforts of an isolated uxhndBl 
like myself are of little avail, e*J* 
dally when one has had no «•*• 
is no richer than L" 
These words were uttered » * 
tone of frankness and simplicity tk* 4 
produced . -lrcssion on r> 

'• If he is sincere in >. 
' said she to 1 my **" 

picions about him are 
this frankness and simplicity • 
ner are perhaps subtle mi 

my eyes." She there** 1 
remained on her guard. "&' 
monsieur, it is not money alooe •* 



lame Agrtts. 



447 



:hc poor! Wh:it they 
ove all, is advice, which you 
> better fitted to give than I 
e had no experience of life." 
was a tinge of irony in these 
Is that did not escape Louis, 
retended not to observe it. 
not think," said he, " that 
lad as much experience as 
. mademoiselle. How- 
;uui seeks aid from a 
source than the insufficient 
nan experience. What 
J, above all, remind die poor 
wc should induce them to 
tlie precepts of religion 
ry may have forgotten and 
r practise for want of know- 
value." 
arc 
" she said, in a slight tone 

; put an end to th 

e seems to rc- 
as a hypocrite. I will 
If she re- 
lieve me, her persistenc\ in 
i and unjust suspicions will 

| ury." 
loisellc," said he, " I am 
ious, but I desire to be so, 
to become so again, for I 
long as my mother lived, 
taken away too soon for my 
had need of her counsels 
lance. I have realized it 
ou have doubtless had an 
my life. It may be turn- 
I three words : folly, de- 
to God. I dare 
my word that this return 
iblc : I have given too 
xrfs of weakness to rely on 
loci, who has brought me 
give me 
asary strength to remain 
him. But if I cannot 
n at 
- that my con- 
sincere— so sincere that, 



having lost all I had, I regard tail 
loss as extremely fortunate, for it 
was, in God's providence, the me 
of leading me back to the faith. 
Such a benefit can never be too 
dearly purchase 

Louil kept his eyes fastened on 
Eugenie as he spoke. She looke 
up more than once; the expression 
of his face and the tone of his voice 
were so evidently those of m honest 
m:ni, that she felt all her doubts give 
way. 

'• Monsieur," said she, '■ I . . 

know as I should reproach 

for what I said with regard to your 

piety, though 1 perceive it has 

Hided you, for it has led to an 

jn on your part which . . ." 

" Which has made me happy," was 

what Eugenic was about to say, but 

she stopped quite confused as she 

bethought herself of the intcrprcta- 

B Rlfgbt give to her irt.: 

I«ouis comprehended her ei 
rassment; he saw her fears, and 
came to her aid. " Which yon 
thought necessary, m 
suggested be. " I c.\n understand 
that. It is rather a rare phenome- 
non to see a young man pass from 
dissipation to pi 

Eugenic immediately recovered 
her usual serenity. " Well, monsn. 
said she, " now I know your intcn- 

; aed projects ; I ■■ my 

.ier and myself will second them 
as much as is in our power. VI 
is there wc can do ? 

I mc what charitable offices 
you like the least, mademoiselle, or 
what you find too difficult to per- 
form." 

"That is admirable I Wc have 
often longed for a representative 
substitute, who COidd c:. I we 

were unable to do, Hut how can 
wc otherwise aid yon ?" 

" You arc kind enough, then, to 
allow me to be the 



448 



alms. It is a pleasant office to re- 
ceive contributions for the bend I 
oth< : illy from people as be- 

nevolent as you, mademoiselle. I 
accept the post with lively gratitude, 
and will at once ask you for some 
good books fur the library I have 
cstabl .trkinen." 

" I nili bring you twenty volumes 
to-morrow that are of no use to me, 
and are exactly what you w.i. 

Louis and Eugenie then separated. 
The interview was short, but it led 
to the very points which enabled 
them to study and appreciate each 
Other better than i id have 

done in two hours in a s*i*n. 

That evening, Louts appeared to 
his workmen more cheerful and so- 
cial than usual. He was at last sure 
ot* gaining Eugenie's esteem. V. 
oat acknowledging it to himself, he 
already loved her to such a degree 
that he was extremely desirous of re- 
vealing himself to her under an aspect 
■tore and more favorable. This is 
g worthily and heartily. 

I j^nie. when she entered 
the presence of the poor woman she 
went to visit, she could not resist the 
desire of speaking again of Loois. Ad 
i miiw live, perhaps supe rs titio us, reel- 
be made her believe, as well as he, 
that this woman, who was dying in 
so p».mis a frame of mind after so 
heroic a Li. coohl not be mistaken 
m her opinion. "So pare a soul 
ought to be able to read dearly the 
hearts as* those around her,'* she said 
M handC 



of his benefits. I particularly i 
to express my thanks for 
he has done me by his conve 
Ah! mademoiselle, how I 
could hear him speak of t 
misery of this world, and the 
heaven ! Ill die happy, i; 
to him. llefure he came tc 
I was afraid of death, 
poor we may be, we cling to 
strongly! . . . Thanks to hi: 
i cannot die too soon. 
have told M. le Cure all • 
made me promise to pray for 
who has so s : . come to 

aid. When I reach heaven, 1 
n and for you, tnj 
sclle. You have both been so 
Promise to tell him all i 
This testimony, so sponti 
and heart-felt, from a dying ; 
with regard : ' goodness: 

v, and thi 
in the expression of her grati 
produced a profound and 

won on the tender, 
soul of Eugenie. All the way I 
she dwelt on what had oc< 
began to reproach herself for 
suspicions — suspicions now 
It was as e loved 

even had an idea she 
'■.'.:: . ■ . . 

of the injustice she had been | 
of towards an innocent and I 
nate man. " I wiD repair it," 
said to her -.ithfutly I 

the promise I made him." 
That very evening, she 
Loaa :■ bo rather and i 



"Has M. Beatrras beat here pcxring the conversarioa she had i 

to-day. Mere Erancoiac r" she ashed, with him, and expressing a wall 

- Yc*. ranfeiauiwjlft, I am glad co-operate in the good work he 

toa spoke of him. 1 do not expect undertaking. "Itisa* 



in this world, and we 



so taken up w^ a favor I had said, u for its object 



refuse oar sympathy." 



■ :o 



tomb aim that 1 forgot la exams the coadhm n of oar 



my gexckwde for al his kiadaess to qwestaoa that has | a eou.iip i ed I 
.rr day h* has brought m* for a foag tame." 

bat thai is the least Eagease's object ia this was •• 



Madame Agnes. 



449 



her parents lo express their 
J of Louis. She particularly 
, to ascertain Mr. Smithson'* 
almost an in- 
tima- 
nd therefore it was n ith sincere 
ice she awaited his reply. It 
c first time she had force: 
: his opinion of Louis, or that 

had ever been any serious 
>n concerning him in the family 

y child," said Mr. Smithson, 

*ouis means well. I think. He 
to be a considerate person, or 
s to be. I approve of 
(ish to aid htm in collecting a 
; but, if he proposes jroo 



ing him in any other benevolent 
enterprise, you must col be- 

fore coming to any decision. This 
young m. .rood qualities, 

but he is a little enthusiastic. His 
ardor just now needs moderating; 
after a while, it may be Decenary to 
revive it. Let him go on. 
aid him when we can be of 
vice, but must be a little on our 
guard." 

The orarlc had spoken. 1 
reflected on what had been laid. It 
was evident that Louis inspired her 
father with some distrust Mr. 
Smithson, according to his habit, left 
his wife and daughter at an early 
hour to work in his office. 






CHAPTER XV. 

being left alone with her exactly approve of, but which ex- 



oc light on the question her 

I words had cxiited in her 

She felt anxious to know 

trusted Louis. He was 

subject of interest to 

as not ail: the hail beg 

a him unfavorably: then she 

d her opinion. Now she had 

10 the point of to re- 

a secret wrongs against him 

t his being aware of it. . . . 

ould she carry out her 

the com- re to ha 

. . On the one 

»as the impression left by her 

;h Louis ; on the other, 

ig state of doubt produc- 

her father's reticence. She 

« of those persons who prefer 

itatevcr it may 

:st be aware of 

w's real sentiments," she 

lelf; "I will .-isk ber." N • 

ras easier. Mine. Smithson and 

tighter lived on a footing of 

equality that 1 do not 

IOL. XVII. 2) 



clud> -:int. 

- Mother," said Eugenie, " give 
me a sincere reply to what I am go- 
ing to ask. What do you think of 
M. I.oui 

" Yon arc greatly interested in 
this M. Louis, then ? You talk of 
notl li i.is evening. What is 

tb< reason? Hither: 
paid no attention to him." 

u Yes ; I am interested in him. I 
have been studying him. You know 
I have a mania for deciphering every- 
body. Well, he i I enigma, 
sure of i : he is a 
man to be thoroughly c^ccmed or 
despised, not half-way. In a Wi 
he is that rare thing— a d 
Only, is he a noble or a contempt- 
ible character? . . . The question is 
a serious one. 1 wish to solve it. 
but cannot with the light I now 

11 done! here is some 
of your customary exaggeratiu:i 
Of what consequence ii it, my dear, 

what he is ? He has come hen: 



4 CO 



J>/ll HtS. 



weU-knova reasons. Your father 
was tired of attending to all the de- 
ad* of the manufactory, and nu- 
jiiy* han » take charge of essential 
though secondary duties. He pays 
him a very high salary — too high, in 
ay estimation — but he is pleased, 
d*n*utcd with ha aptitude m 
trriry; that is all I care for." 

\caae me. that b not enough 
(or me. 1 repeat : \L Louis is differ- 
eat froan most men. mother. He is 
a max aad there* arc only puppets." 
- kmft] - 1 shoold not have sus- 
pected It He seems to ae quite 



in bin so re- 



- Btt rot tome. 
\atcaasoa 
— ■■■■! 

- has, or at hast appears to 
have, an elevation, of mind and i 
Maao of pwpose that are strik 

yon make me 

b« . all the gentlemen 

•<* aoaM Wvly adapt themselves 

* humor, there b not 

t turn into a hero 

\ The proof is that 

t.ry seen mc:i 
-,ms coav 
wkdge 1 
Kvw.i m mai* vw € Kiracter such as I 

M louts this 

- 







■.,.■',1-1. ton. 






dreamed of 


•*••« 




I you 






rrmtocoed to 






I do 


' 




at— in 






tea he! 

rhh 


1 


. . : '.•!! 




■ 


ill, he 


'■ 




age. But is 



he better or worse ? — that i 
question — a serious one I v»oul 
to have answered. Till to-i 
have thought .,?." 

u 1 1 is not possible I The pc 
low has committed some erron 
hare told you. I certainly «J 
wish to palliate them, but we 
not be more severe thr 
self: he always pardor 

'• It is not a question of his a 

"What is the question, i 

U keep me got! oat 

to another this evening," 

i ion of knowing 

is the man he pretends to bc- 

is, one wlvo has forsaken his t 

acknowledges he lias gone a 

repents, and to live h 

a totally different nu 

is such a r 

If courageously to 

situation here, and, moreover 

the noble desire of comfortin| 

affl: ::urting the ignt 

and reclaiming those who have 

. I tell you M. l.oi 

. of the highest esteem 

courage and aid 

with all our might But if he i 

the man 1 think — if these fine pn 

are only a lure, an artful mean , 

means of doi 
Goodness I Eugenic, you get I) 
dered with your fancic- 
imagtne he wishes to rcvoltrti 
the est >planl 

father ? ..." 

•' Let us not exaggerate th 
I beg, mother. Hi 
to understand was tep 

I i: i; do 

wotd. (-"oine, have you no suspi 
of what so greatly troubles roer* 

" I haven't thesligh 

•• lm 
Well, .-st all 

ail these airs of 
intct> to 

about a secret project ?" 



Madamt Agnes. 



451 



mt one, I ask you again ? 
fou go t" iiossi- 

know I can never follow 
Explain yourself clei 

■ ce I am forced to call 
Vf their right name*, is he nor 
at my hand ?" 

lat a droll idea ! . . . Why, 

not a sou left! Everybody 

that. He spent his property 

or seven years, and has no- 

to expect for a long time. 
believe he resolved to become 
*, ihi Id be 

it capital, in Mr. Smithson's 
a obtain his daughter? I 
c has too much sense to ima- 
g so absurd ; especially 
it a serious thought." 
t if he hoped to please me by 
ins? . . . to win my esteem, 
id will, my affection ?...'* 
romance that, my dear." 
t not imp 
wefcr to think, for my own 

;! and you . that 

will turn out differently. 
'e never intended yoo to mar- 
nan without property. The 
og a husband who, 
ing weal:: pian- 

ill he had, and 
m brought hint 
I I understand you : you do 
ik him sincere." 

: lay that I He may be 
i for the pre who 

sure his conversion w 

r 

will if it is sincere; I am 
..■ studied 
es one quality which 1 
drnire or detest Qg to 

made of it: he has a ttj 
■le has been here a month, 
ving nothing better to do, 1 
Uscrved him, and have 
red a single inconsistency in 
Juet. He has always s'.i 
If at least, the same love of 



labor, the same desire of doing all 
the good he can, and the same un- 
assuming deportment. Either he is a 
of rare t or is uncom- 

monly artful. I ui.\!i 1 knew exact- 
ly what my father thinks of him." 

1 why this persistency I 
covering a mystery of so little im- 
portance ?" 

: I do not wish to despise 
M. Louis if he is worthy of esteem, 
and it would be wrong not to 
COQlSge bin IB well-doing if he lias 
entered on that path with a sincere 
heart. Besides. 1 regard what lie has 
undertaken and all he wishes to do 
as admirable as it is useful. 1 had 
been wishing for such an attempt to 
be made here, and could DO! be better 
pleased than to see my idea so speed- 
ily realized. M. I.ouis is, in my eyes, 
cithi or a hypocrite. I have 

for loving either the one or 
the other; hut, if he is a saint, 1 thi 

iike aiding him to ■ certain de- 
gree. A; . is there any- 
thing in the world more d 
than to d ■ those around us. 
especially when wc arc so situated 
as to make it a duty ? Have you 
not often said so yourself?'' 

•• You are right, my dear Eug«' . 
I feel what yoo lay, and approve of 
it As I advance in years, I feel a 
constantly increasing desire of labor- 
ing for Almighty God, fbl shorn I 
have hitherto done so little. You 
need not fear; neither your father 
nor I have any doubts as to 
Louis. Nothing wc have obscr. 
nr have been told leads us to think 
him .i hv As you desire it 

Kingly, I will tell you ) 
ther's secret Opinion, DO! do nut be- 
tray me. He only dislikes one ill 
in ML Louis: he is too devoted a 
Catholic It i ;in : wc can- 

not induce your father to like our re- 
ligion. Catholics arc too ardent 

\ too superstitious, he »■■■■ 



45= 



He distrusts ihc engineer b» 

be thinks him ovcnrealuus, that U 

all. . 

When Eug&iie went to her cham- 
ber, she selected the books she wish- 
ed to contribute to Louis' library, 
i retirad to rest, thinking of 
all the good that would now be done 
by him. as well as herself, i:i • place 
where want ant! every evil passion 
were to be found. Her noble, ardent 
had at ll ere. 

Hitherto she had dreamed of any 
ways of giving a useful direr! ion to 
her -ch one more impracti- 

cable than the rev.. 'Hie ri 

now open. Louis had pointed 
it out. Eugenie longed to become 

the benefactress of St. M . Her 

imagination and her heart were 
pleased. It seemed to her as if she 
had become snot g. She 

prayed that night with a fervor she 
had not felt for a long time. Then 
she fell into a reverie. In spite of 
herself, Louis' image continually re- 
curred to her mind. Before she fell 
asleep, she murmured a prayer for 
poor Francoise. Her name recalled 
the last words of that excellent wo- 
man : " In heaven, I shall pray for 
him and for you '" And ci; 
ces were tending that same clay to 
lmk then together as the dying wo- 
man had joined their names in pray- 
er. There was something sin; 
about this that struck Eugenie's im- 
i.uion. " Can her words be pro- 
ne?" she said to herself. "So 
hi. my strange things happen I . . . 
WOold lie too much. He 

me In no way except . . ." 
qualities, 

then bin so much 

nance to the though:. . . . 

next morning, she went with 

! selected the night 

I" i re. Fanny accompanied her. 

1 her with the 
, itcncss lie never bid 



mu 



with a cold reserve he bad 
to maintain towards her. 
tcrv lasted a few 

Fanny, a I been easy 

was greatly astonish 
asked to accompany her mi 
the ei 

sation showed the;. 
seen each other, but under 

t make 
All this redoubled het 
On her way home with Eu| 
she remarli 

U M. Louis is a 
young nun ; more so than 
supposed. What respect he 
mademoiselle I I am sure 
moiscllc judges him with 
than she did several week 

•• I have never judged h;m 
severity," replied Kugcnic, with 
lofty coolness which made thoss 
did not know her accuse her 
' Why should I judge M. 
that is my father's business." 

Fanny returned to the 
" That is a queer notion of 
to instruct all those ign 

i good « ; 
more they know, the 
us they will be! ... 

•' Fanny, you should add 
obscrvati 

father. 1 1 is they who have 
the library and school, U 
tend rj uiy other thin 

out consulting 'K'° 

" Common people somctii 
good advice." 

" lSut they should give it 
who need it. All this does r 
cem me, I tdl you tga 

" O the deceitful girl !" said 
to herself when alone in 
ber that night. - I always 
would deceive me. Whc 
have seen him? ■ . . 
idy in love w ith ho 
is capable of it! Bui I wil 
her narrowly, and, if it ti not 



Btadanu Agues. 



45.3 



Tact her projects ! I have 

to contend with, how- 

This M. Louis U an artful 

And on the other hand, it is 

f matter to lead Mile. Kuge- 

nilj hope she is not 
ith him "... If she were to 



marry him instead of her cousin, I 
should go distracted. . . Poor Al- 
bert ! if lie knew what is going on 
here. Fortunately, 1 am on the spot 
to watch Ant) 

there is more reason than ever to he 
on the lookout." 



CHAPTER XVI. 

l.OVK WITHOUT II'. I : 



ae to sec us as often as 
ations allowed. He 
J call the very day after Ku- 
gave him the books for his 
, and seemed more excited 
Hial. He related his convcr- 

\lr. Stnithson, and spoke 
pleasure at m ugenie 

gaining her good opinion by a 
explanation of his plans and 
rtives by which he was influ- 

dl," said Victor, ''does she 

ue to please yoi 

ore than 1 wish." 

hy this regret ?" 

is only reasonable. My hap> 

is involved in being pleased 

wne, I see we shall not be able 
re on this point." 
;s, my dear friend ; the more I 
i the plainer K is I lat 1 ought 
lied to her; at 
o make her aware of it, should 
t misfortune happen. Hut I 
>t cot* 'in you : I fear 

dy love her. . . ." 
>u arc dc<:idc<ily tenacious in 
lotions. Why do you torture 
If with scruples that arc cvi- 
exaggerated? ..." 

reasonings are 
avail. However disinterested 
re might be, it would seem to 
ily the result of calcul 
enough to justify me it 
emit.; 
:annot agree with you. Dcli- 



r of sentiment is a noble thing, 
but it must not be carried to ex 
I am willing you should conceal 
your love for her till you can prove 
it sincere ; that is, not the result of 
calculation — I will fro still further: 
till the time comes when they volun- 
tarily render homage to the noble- 
ness of your intentions. lint when 
that day comes, and you sec that 
Mile. Juiglnic esteems and loves 
you . . ." 

•• She will never love nie." 

" How do you know?" 

" Mil >n has rare qualities 

Which make her the realisation of all 
my dreams, but I see I am not pi 
ing to her. Before any change in 
hei sentiments is possible, she 
have another suitor with more to 
offer her than I, and without a | 
like ite his hopes. He 

•HI ptase her, and I ran only wish- 
draw. Well, I COnftsa I wish l> re- 
serve one consolation foe that tl 
feeble u it may be- i! 
of being able to say to myself: " She 
did not know I loved her." 

" My pool friend, vim take too 
gloomy a view of the fill 

•• i ro not ims in will re. 

suit is a dangerous melancholy. 1 
realize more fully than you may sub- 
tile advi 
position. I might al this very mo- 
ment be in another world— a v. 
of despair. . . . To us (i 
such a thought is full of honor. In- 
stead of that, I sec the possibility of 



45* 



Mmdame Agmu 



repairing the pot, ud of doing i 



good. When X 



good i 



i compa re my 

Mc with that I wasleadmg a year 

ago, (be f*»o*aUe contrast makes me 

happy I I had discarded the faith, 

lost the esteem of upright Den, 

given myteU jnobJe pteav 

urea!— useless to the not id, an object 

of disgust to myself. I had not the 

'.'» look at myself ax I waa. 

i II that is changed ! How happy 

I ought to be I . M; the heart 

■ e weak and tnsati- 

altle. At a time when I ought to be 

i weak aa to J 

• |. 1 myself. 

li i be a 

I know there 

i vjfety, or perhaps 

ghl . . . Bat, 

i tool thus ensure a 

ccoward- 
Ihe noble wotk 
Tli ere it no 
I \y future usefulness 
i it fmii 

i i>g to cfliri:t. I will re 

I would l>c 

it a man as 
. mi ate ami bare 
\m <iugli< 

I coat. I ike j i 

tJod 

ii Yon can- 

, . , . il IJIpJf I JUI I 

p 

I wc 

reed 

! Iiese two 

need un- 

i nong the men 

i I icnaelva 

1 *"gges- 

■ 
uw ringleader*, and a 



present to yield to the l 



_ Mb 

and 

plan for the 
aaec Ins d 
edtatMtMbji '-? 

Ha wife and 
so. Isbafl 
as I can. I oaf* 
cine favor — to bla 
give me the com 
make the gnat am 
quired. . . . " 

"Ah! then yoa 

Smithson. I thoa 

yon were only afraid of k» 

>; I win no lomgc 

secret to myself; k ts c 

n to bear aioae. I 

coneeaJment weald not 

of cither of us. I was si 

this morning, bat hare tan 

of ray heart racer oe 

what enabled me ts 

■■ I returned home frt 
this morning with MOe. E 
her mother. The chares*, 

metre and a half 
mill, but the road is defcg 
coming oat of chorea, it 
son, who is an excellent wo 
quite pleasant and easy cs 
ncrs, invited me, as.: were. 
pany them. MUe. Eugeo 
remained apart with her 
maid, but still near enough 
what we said. Wc fret disc 
things suitable to gire the 
the utility of familiar cot 
with them in their houses. 

determination . 
act of charity as often as 
I beg: Smithson 

the i be thought it 

to visit in this way, as 
them better than I. Sic 
to give me a list Mile. 
then drew near, and said 
add a few names to it ; then. 



Madame Agnes. 






e conversation, ami 

5 he shows 

g, she spoke in turn of 

with 

n of thou, i such 

thai it was a 

; i time 

ied to look, now at 

ilicn at another — 

tices by the v 

the col 

uing to say 

■ '. e were hall an hour 

distance we might have 

ty minutes — a 

] half-hour, h- I its 

as =11 my joys will hence- 

1 sec it is the will of 

I should expiate my 

Likcyoi. 1 am persuaded 

inggood — the 

le of all privileges— is 

wed at the price of 

said Victor; "but at the 
what suffering ? Who can 
it » that of which yon 
ng? . . . ThBt is a secret 
y to God." 

i true, but I am sure I 

a foretaste of the suffering 

Slie was there beside 

beautiful young girt who 

a model of feminine excel- 

A she not lack one quality — 

icty more womanly, more 

and more simple. She 

ttrikii gs — things 

ight to the heart : there 

t sympathy between her 

mine, I tched over 

: I night not betray the 

the delight, the emotion, 

I listened to her! In 



•■ 
o> her roioci and ••', 1 

CouK 
was towards n 

agent — i mete em- 
ploye, worthy only of passing atun- 

- How do you lei I are 

SO accu hearts 

that perhaps you takt Ition 

for reality." 

'■ 1 do not think so. . . . She ha* 
changed towards roe, 1 acknowled 
She i ie as a sii ght 

person. I know how to keep in my 

-.-. but diet 
remain, and will continue to da ■>o." 
at was extremely agitated 

when he left 

poor Victor, ill as he was, and he 

was no. Ml 

thoughtful am : some time 

1 gone. 

• What is the matter?" I asked. 

" I am thinking of Louis," he re- 
plied. " I fear things may turn out 
badly for our poor friend 1 do not 
know whether he will ever marry 
Of lint : but I have a pre- 
sentiment, I know not why, that this 
love is to cause him great suffering. 
And yet this attachment could not 
fail to spring up. If it is God's will 
that Louis should pass through a se- 
ll, promise me to stand by 
him." 

It yoil will also stand by 
him ?" 

hall no longer be bi 

Sad words I they were soon to be 
verified. Meanwhile, the hour of 
trial SMI approaching our |>oor 
(Hen; 111 he himself had fore- 

seen. 



!Arrr.R xvu. 
A SOVnRKTTx's rtor, 

hie. Fanny was preparing Lotus thought : maintain- 

for Louis. 



ed great reserve during the convcrsa- 



4tf 



Madame Agnes. 



lion that took place on their way 
home from church — so insatiable 
it otic who loves I I Jut Fanny re* 

red quae a different imprcv 
Never had j!ic seen her mistress so 
inspired, or converse with so much 
fluency and animation. Mmc. Smith- 
son's kindness towards Louis, the 
icciatory remarks she and her 
daughter made after their return 
home, and the dry, haughty maimer 
b which Eugenie put Fanny in her 
place when she attempted to speak of 
the engineer, all excited the running 
servant's IS in the highest 

degree. 

i re is nothing lost yet," she 
uid lo herself; "perhaps there 
been no danger of it. Mademoiselle 
is not in love with him now, but 
may lie soon, if care is not taken, 
delay any further would risk 
ng, l wQI hesitate no I 
, M. Albert would reproach 
I to warn him too late ! 
Hon icproach my- 

I of having that cxccl- 
l«>y, so ii i master 

Who would allow me to govern hil 
• in my own way, I should be 
tl.c humble servant of this gentle- 
mau, who is by no means pleasing to 
me, and who appears determined 
make everybody yield to him. He 
b humble for the moment, because 
he has nothing; but 1 can read in 
ves: the day he is master here 
it will be in earnest. I shall t! 
1 to start. Hi -t «ould be 

There is Dab/ OOC W*» of 
it n irtufio: 1 mutt 

llMttfl t'> wit'- rUbCftt moth 

Km tayiug, Fanny seated herself at 
her <h<f- 
. She remind- 
ed M stress, of 



the affection she had always < 
for her and her son — which wa 
she spoke of having wishe 
several years to sec Albert 
Eugenic, and pointed out the j 
harmony of taste there v. 
the two cousins. This point, 
ever, remained problematical 
ny added that she should n 
happy till the day she saw in 
dear children united and 
lished, and she herself living 
then, entirely devoted to Ux 
teres! $. 

Like all shrewd people, tki 
bretle reserved the most imp 
communication fur the end i 
letter. She then remarked it 

•uic seemed to be ta 
countr was time 

to offer himself; for, if another 
appeared fust, 

was by no means improbable, J 
might regret I Shi 

II apprehensions. . . . j 
must really come. She would te 
all; he would never regret h 
. the juurney. Bu 
must be careful, if he came, r 
mention that she. Fanny, had 
bin to do so. If she wrote tl 
was only I be was in a 

ner constrained by her affectk 
Albert and Eugt-nie. He must 
fore be careful not to risk ever) 
indiscretion. . . . 

It Iter, carefully con 
and < . t;ikcn to the 

office in town the next day. N 
ted Fanny had wnttc 
Xante Frenio. It is useless to 
of the impatience with whicl 
waited to see what her fmtej^ • 
do. She trembled at die ide: 
he might not be roused till 
entirely too late to come. 




Madame Agnes. 



chapter xvm. 



A CtJ.AH t.i:rOKK Till STOXW. 



457 



A wf.ek after, Louis was again in- 
.in I :o dine at Mr. Smithson's, 
•hose birthday they were to cclc- 
Thc only people invited cut 
of the • l >t -in<J the 

fWofSt. M . 'Theeun's invita- 
tion was an affair of importance, as 
; sec. 
Mr. Sarithson, a* I have remarked, 
[ws» an Englishman by birth. He 
had been induced by two motives to 
stale permanently in France when 
thirty years of age: the cli- 
:ion better 
i that of his own country, ai 
I lire more at his ease on the 
: income than he could in Eng- 

ig a house in Paris occupied 
tenants, his attention was 
towards a young girl employ- 
mercer's shop on the ground 
of tlic same building. This 
8»l was no other than the present 
M»e. Sinithson. She lived will 

who was in comfortable cir- 

. but made no picten- 

•kws. They were very estimable 

People, and gave the rich Englishman 

stand that he could only be 

1 2* a visitor on 

°f acknowledged serious intent 

uhson at first hesitated. The 
, she belonged to a 
diss he considered inferior to his 
on, and, what w as more, they were 
of different religions. But it was too 
late to call reason to his aid. Foi 
sic months he had felt a constantly 
tocrcssng love for her. He there- 
offcred her his bond, merely 
wring one concession on her part 
he could marry her : she must 

the religion he profi 
f. Nether of the women who 
ened to this proposition n 




but they did DO! lack faith, and they 
fulfilled the absolute commands of 
the church. They therefore replied, 
without a moment's hesitation, that 
Mile. Suzanne could not give up her 
religion r.>r the sake of 
At this, Mr. Smithson hesitated anew, 
as before, love carried the day. 
He renewed his offer, promising not 
to interfere with Suzanne's icligl 
belief if she would be .. ife. 

He only made one condition to their 
marriage: they should respectively 
practise their religion without making 
any attempt tO Convert each other. 
As to the children, the boys must be 
brought up in ilicir father's belief, 
the daughters in that of their mother. 
Deplorable arrangenu: ing 

the shameful indifference 
parties, or their foolish and culpable 
You know thechun h 
expressly forbids such con 
It o:. let mixed marriages on 

a precisely contrary condition : the 
parties to be married null 

a that thi ing sliall 

be brought up in the I rati- 

tot know how Mile. Su- 
zanne, in bet ae. Smithsoa, 
found means to evade this i 
culty. It is possible that, through 

■nee or culpa'. she 

led 10 the terms without acknow- 
ledging it to any one. She doubtless 
he time came for test- 
ing the arrangenu ind some 
means of extricating herself from it. 
At all events, they were married. 
Mr. Smith lined an Anglican, 
and, astonishing to say, a thoron 
one. His attachment to the Church 
of England was easily explained by 
those who knew him. He still cher- 

I an ardent love lor his country, 
and almost reproached himclt lot 



_ 



458 



Madame Agnes. 




leaving it. His fidelity to the Eng- 
i laxt testimony of 
attachment to the country he had 
abandoned. 

When Eugenie was born, her fa- 
ther man temporary sullcn- 

ness and ill humor at her baptism 
that frightened Mine. Smith? 
crthelcss, she was firm. Eugenic 

brought up very strictly, and her 
father gradually became accustomed 
to her being a Catholic, to see her 
practise her religion, and even hear 
her speak of it with enthusiasm, for 
she was enthusiastic on all great 
themes. 

These were, it must be said, the 
only concessions Mr. Smith*, 
to the true faith. He never entered 
B Catholic church. He even refused 
to acknowledge that which its very 
enemies are forced to concede — the 
grandeur and utility of the enter- 

^ she alone successfully achk 
the efficacious assistance she renders 
each one of us at critical moments 

ir lives; and the happiness — 
earthly happiness even— that she 
bestows on all who are faithful to 
her teachings. But the decided 
SUB lithson took against the 

true faith was specially manifested 
by his antipathy to the priesthood. 
Though lie had lived a year and a 

half at St. M , he had never had 

any inter with the Abbe Bon- 

jean, the eure of the commune. Mine. 
Smithson and bet daughter went to 
ry Sum lay, made the 
eure" a brief coll on New YY 

■rent to confession at Easter — 
that was all. I had some reason, 
therefore, to say it was a thing of no 
small importance to see the <rrW at 
Mr. Smithson's table. What had 
effected such a change En the mind 
of iha dogmatic Englishman ? . . . 
Had his daughter begged it as a 
favor ? . . . By no means. Eu- 
genic was not pious enough to care 



for the society of the eutt, 

I Mine. Smithson ventured 
break the compact which fu: 

■ ,:, even remol in- 

ject of religion to her hu shawl ? 
Still less likely. Madame ha 
the courage unless I revolt 

against some enormity like iijiostasy. 
What led Mr. Smithson to unite Ihc 
abbe" was the remit of his own re- 
flections. Since he hail taken charge 
of a manufactory, and been brought 
in contact with a large number of 
workmen, some poor and others cor* 

lie had felt an increasing dcare 

Dg useful to them, lx>th roonllr 
and physically. Mr. Smithson bad 
really a noble heart. Catholic 
volcncc excited his admit 
than he CO 

to reflect, though he was 
not to reveal his thou: 
salut.; 1 gradual!} 

convinced him that, if he wished W 
reform the place, he roust obc 

me not only of good- 

i.e 1-ouis, but of incontestable 
moral authority. . . . When fad 
a person with more means than tht 
eure" t . . . With the estreat 
prudence habitual to him — and be 
was morccautious now than ev< 
was a question of .: icwjs 

us of studying his future 
co-laborer. He could not hi 
this black-robed man inspir 
with distrust. " I will begin by 
studying him," he said to himself; 
'• and, for that, lie must c 

" This plan decided np 
acted ace Without tdBiOJ 

any one of hia secret intention, witb- 
but even giving a hint of it. cv 

lighter at the last m^ 
mer.t, he invited the abbs'. 

Louis had already begun to under- 
stand his i prejudices, aod 
was therefore extremely asto 
when he arrived to find the eur/\at\ 
been invited. But his a 







Madame Agnes. 



with joy. He had al- 
ine acquainted with the 
d bad been to confesi 
more than once, ami had 
ooe conversation with him. 
was even aware of all 
plans, and, as may be sup- 
avc them his entire approba- 

was some stiffness and em- 
inent as the guests seated 
it tabic, and looked at 
but, after a few mo- 
he g :ty of the 
bo was no fool, and the doc- 
cctiousness, broke the ice. 
thson alone maintained his 
■seme. He had sent for the 
t he might Study his chu 
he was not neglecting it. 
Louis, seated opposite K 
sccroed to emulate the wise 
ie Scripture? who had made 
act with his eyes and his 
He tempered the fire of his 
trained his flow of words, and 
ously filled the part b( 
on himself — that of a man 
unto coldness, calm unto in- 
T- 
illing passed off very we] 

iert. Mr. Smithson then $1 
he conversation to the condi- 
his workmen, and spoke of 
re to imc;: Eugenic 

applauded what her father 
spoke of som 

; de- 
she had 

ood abb/ had, alas! one 

ts have i. 
we — fewer, without d 
they have some. The . 
ras a want ol prud He 

eeali! and 

best intentions in the world, 
d not weigh his wor/ls suffi- 
He never troubled himself 
e interpretation, malevolent 



orotherwise, that certain people might 
give to them. He was a good man, 
but not sufficiently mindful of our Sa- 
il "s counsel to be wise as a serpent 
and simple as a dove. He was ami- 
able and sincere, but lacking in 
cretion : that was a misfortune. At 
I time of religious indifference and of 

•ty like ours, more than a 
prudence is necessary for nil who love 
their religion; tin.- impious arc so 
glad to find a pretext fur their enhwv 
nies! The abbe" now began in the 

ictt manner, and very sincerely 
too, to compliment Mr. Smithson for 
all he had (aid, tad Mile, Eugenic 
for all she had done. He gave a 
thrilling but true sketch of the ra 
rages want ami immorality were mak- 
ing among the working-classes, .1111! 
dwelt on the necessity of an immedi- 
ate and efficacious remedy. All this 
was proper. There Ml noihing so 
far to criticise. Hut the tMt should 
have H opped there. He hail, how- 
ever, the ind to keep on, 
ing many things ill adapted 10 
those before whom he was speaking. 
■ I know what remedies are in 
sary," said he; " and who of us rj 
Thejf are — instruction i 
certain degree, visiting the poor in 
their houses, dropping a good word, 
I, above ail, the infinite service ol 

Bg then buck to the ho 
lie religion, which alone knows how 
to influence the heart of man, and 

inspire In souk with the K 

dom everance necc 

perfecting theil noble enterprises. I 
hope id no one's feelings in 

expressing myself thus. What I have 
ia only ■ veil •known trutli. 
..:-.- ai knowledged by a multitude 
Ol upright souls who have not, how- 
ever, the happiness d belonging to 

Mr. I said nothing. He 

felt the shaft, however blunted, that 
was aimed so directly at him. The 



4^0 



eur/ himself seemed conscious of hav- 
ing gone too far in the ardor of his 
untunc-iy zeal. The I.nglishman was 
one of those men who only retort 
when obliged to : he remained silent. 
The poor eur/ hurt himself still more 
by enthusiastically eulogizing Louis a 
few minutes after in ihcse wends: 
• ; M. Louis. !>y Mother year, you 
have shown yourself the good angel 
of the whole country around." 

ippearcd exaggerated to Mr. 
It excited his jealousy, 
already awakened. He imagined lie 
saw proofs of an understanding be- 
tween the eur/ and the engineer in 
lunate remark. Their un- 
derstanding had an evident aim, in 
Mr. Smithson'i ryes, to diminish his 
moral influence, and even suppress 
it. -That is the way with Catholic 
priests," he said to himself. " They 
are ambitious, scheming, eager to 
W to find ac- 
complices everywhere." The . 

Ix>uis thenceforth became objects 
of suspicion, though he was careful 
not to show it outwardly. 

Louis had begun to understand 
.iture, and at once realized 
all the imprudence of the turtt re- 
marks. He foresaw the bad effect 
they would have on the master of 
the house. He tried in vain, by 
some adroit turn in the conversation, 
to lessen, if not to annul, the unfortu- 
nate impression the aUv*t converxa- 

DHght have produced. The cure 

.ted in his opinion, and only 
added to his previous blunder. Louis 
felt he should not gain anything, and 
stopped short with so distressed an 
air tj pitiful to tee I). 

Bmtthaon, led away by his 

alices, thought Louis' depression 
the consequence of his accomplice's 
yj awkwardly the secret tic 
between them. "The engineer 
perhaps, the more dangerous of the 
two," he said to himself. " I should 



never hare su* an, 

it not been for the ahbft imprudent 
frankness." Hence he concluded 
there would be more need than ever 
of keeping an eye on his subordin- 
ate. 

Kugcnie, though not pious, under- 
stood her i i weli, and Idl- 
ed it. or rather, admired it too muck 
to be astonished at what the ant 
had said. She thoroughly agreed win 
him, but, as the conversation became 
serious, she only attended to tbe 
most important points, and paid he 
little attention to the abbe's impru- 
dent remarks. The praise he be- 
stowed on 1-ouis did not seem to ha 
excessive. She rather approved thin 
condemned it. She did not, there- 
fore, suspect the cause of Lob" 
sadness, but attributed it to a want 
of ease naturally occasioned by the 
inferior posi which lie hid 
been thrown by his misfortunes 
More than once to his aii 
politely addressing the conversant* 
to him. Seeing him still preo 
ed, she ended by proposing afcer 
dinner that he should sinj; 
to her accompaniment. Louis ex- 
cused himself. "I insist upoi 
she said, in a tone of sweet authority 
that instantly transported him in 10 
a new world. He forgot the 
imprudence, its probable effect ** 
Mr. Smithson, and his own dilnc^ 1 " 
position. The first time for a lc»*8 
while — ten years, perhaps — i 
one of those moments of cloud* 

that rarely falls to m 
lot, and can never be forgotten, 
seemed as if a mrstcrioi 
voice whispered that Eugenic 
beginning to love him. 
no longer doubted for the mons»- 
the possibility of her lovin 
some day. Louis had the soul 
an artist, and | undoub« 

.:, and he sang that eve 
he hid 'ife. 



Madame Agnes. 



4'"'t 



the song was ended, he 

rani Kugcnic, and read in 
sincere astonishment and 
•it nothing else. All 
ill his sadness, revived. 
nl before, bis heart over- 
joy : now he was so 
it he was alarmed, and 
ine was going 
to him. I am not ex 
ardent natures often i 
uch alternations of extreme 
lailncH. The evening pass- 
without any new incid 
idnight, the guests rein: 

c to yield to their 

The few hours just 

Bed the sentiments 

ho had i ctiier at 

hson's. 

>»c, without allowing it to 

■twordly, had one 

sudden revelations that like 

al everything with imex- 

earness. For the hrst tune, 

realized the possibility of 

whom she at first dc 

us' dignified, melancholy air, 

earnc<: manner of com 

remarkable musical talent, 

mpathetic torn; of nil voice, 

iced an effect on the 

experienced before. 
loved him yet, but 
how long her indifference 
I impressions axe 
efface from ardent souls, 
as alarmed at the idea of 
who had at first in-: 
so much She re- 

watch more carefully over 
keep an observant eye 
ho might take a place in 
she did not wish to give, 
ever. 

rise. One cannot take 
-lion when there is 
'fear the heart is disposed 
The heart is the best or 
of counsellors, according 



as it b guided or abandon 

■ML Besides, Eugenie was wholly 

ignorant ol Lc 

her. 

Poor Louis ended the evening in 
disheartening reflections. He began 
by dwelling on a painful altera 
either Eugenie did not Mspt 
love for her, or, if she perceived it, 
her only response was a coldness 
that was discouraging. "And yet," 
thought he, "if 1 HO mistaken I . . . 
already loves me in her 

... (fat least she i 
day love me !" . . . He a n 
another fear, still worse than the 
mind. " Well, if it 
were so, there would be anotl 
Stacle in the way mure dangerous 
than the indifference of Mile. 
nie herself — the opposition* of her 

Be WOuld never 
the marriage. I a thy to me 

btt always been evident. The abbd 
has completed my ruin. 1 am 
henceforth a dangerous man 
natic — in Mr. Smithson'a eye 
"What shall I do?" added Louis, 

by way til" CO! 

give up the work 1 have under. 
I to practise my 

to give no uHcihx ? 

. . . N<>, Indeed ; tbal would be 

cowardly, u .cour- 

age, and criminal ingratitude towards 
God, who has been so merciful to 
me. ■ ■ • Mo hateful concx- 
I 

what 1 think is for the best. What- 
ever happens will be the will of 
God. . . . Whatever it may be, I 
shall be sure of having nothing to 
repent of. ..." 

To be serious, I should add that 

not 10 heroic as he really 
believed himself to be. He was 
young, he was in love: and youth 
and love have always some hope in 
store. 






462 Marriage Song. 

It is useless to speak of Mr. Smith- sad Louis' position might be, it was 

son. We are aware of his sentiments, soon to become still more so. A 

Louis was not wrong in his fears new cloud was rising without his 

respecting him. And yet, however suspecting it. 

TO U COKTIIfVCO. 



MARRIAGE SONG. 



BY AUBREY DE VERE. 



Love begins upon the heights, 
As on tree-tops, in the spring, 

April with green foot alights 
While the birds are carolling : 

Aye, but April ends with May : 

Love must have the marriage-day 1 



11. 

Love begins upon the heights, 

As o'er snowy summits sail 
First the dewy matin lights 

Destined soon to reach the vale : 
Love-touched maidens must not grieve 
That morn of love hath noon and eve 1 



in. 

Love begins with Fancy first , 

Proud young Love the earth disdains 
But his cold streams, mountain-nursed, 

Warm them in the fruitful plains 
Ere the marriage-day be sped : — 
Peal the bells ! The bride is wed I 



Mloiophical Ttrminofogy. 



PHILOSOPHICAL TERMINOLOGY. 

iriTER TO THE EDITOR OF "THE CATHOLIC WORLD." 



ggestion often made in 
ent magazine, that Ameri- 
encral. and American (a- 
particular, should be sup- 
some means of acquiring 
owledge of philosophical 
me to consider what par- 
n might be most adapted 
, and what resources were 
posal l ■■-■% out sue- 

H li a praiseworthy under- 
Tlie result of this my inves- 
ts not calculated, perhaps, 
that degree of ial 
subject descrv 
the occasii :ruse- 

K»ns on the part of those 
note this entei 
I to offer it to your 
readers, 
c that our plan should un- 
bly embrace either a 
knowing i:i philosophy, or 
that is needed for the e» 
and vindication of all im- 
i well as for the raci- 
ion of all modem errors, 
rry out such • plan, ■ 
cd an extensive knowledge 
rcciation of the teach- 
the scholastic philosophers 
ogians, and especially a 
omprchension of the gen- 
ples on which those teach- 
their rational foundation, 
riter, I think I may safely 
d be of that sort of men 
nly know the doctrines of 
a of the old school, 
Lo feel the greater 

s; and he 
prepared boldly to follow 



their leadership in all fundamental 
questions concerning principles with- 
out the least regard for what is now 
circulated as " modern thought." 
! Us style should be modem, but Ilk 
principles should be the principles 
sanctioned by the wisdom of all past 
ages. 
Every one, of course, will allow 
we modern men, in many 
branches of natural science, have at- 
tained to a degree of information 
vastly superior to what the ancients 
1 of. Ai .we 

not improperly consider our- 
selves better qualified than they n 
for the solution of a ibcr 

of pHysical questions, of which they 
are known to have either Orerlo 
the very existence, or missed the tr 
interpretation. It is quite certain 
.ever, at the same tunc, that we 
arc immensely inferior to them with 
regard to strictly philosophical kni 
ledge; and this is the more 
in- as one would suppose that our 
superior information concerning the 
laws of nature would have enable 
us to rtach truth from a higher 

Jpoillt, and to correct 

. l-, even to perfection, the philo- 
! ileal theories of the old school. 
Vet the fact is cetts 
we have only a few good philoso- 
phers, while we need a gr. 

to m . : torrent of infidel 

fry. 

is, I think that no n 
judgment will deny that wi 

■ ourselvi mpoteni p 

tophical level sod secure the triumph 

:iuth unless we learn again, and 



Philosophical Ttrtnin, 



turn lo account in our war against 
our modem barbarians, those doc- 
trines that triumphed over the 
bauans of old, and made Europe 
remain for centuries the shining cen- 
tre of the civilized world. Wisdom 
was not bora yesterday, and philo- 
sophical principles arc as old as 
mankind ; hence, new facts may be 
seen, but no new principles of pfa 
sophy can be invented. 

It therefore remains /or us, if ire 
wish to spread sound knowledge and 
foster tiuc wisdom, to cling to the 
old philosophical principles, to vin- 
dicate them so far as in our present 
struggling condition it may be neces- 
sary, and to apply them judiciously 
to the close di tent 

si-.tlcment of arising questions. This 
is the road that will lead us lo the 
joal; and it is a short and easy one, 
too; for the first principles of all 
things arc not very many, and can 
be mavtcrcd with ease, while their 
application needs only two comli- 
., namely, first, a sufficient know- 
K of the primitive facts and laws 
of the physical order ; and, second, a 
rigorous logic. 

As the main object we should 
ha\i is the improvement of 

American thought concerning moral 
tnd - : I truth*, it might seem that 
h 1 am speaking 
should mainly be a work of moral 
philosophjr, comprising the treat- 
ment .ii all d itural rights and natural 
H nhcllu'i all or of 

societies, and leaving dialectic* and 
met :ly in the bt 

ma, or at 

nothing that is es- 

i I the happUMB and prospcr- 

It is a 

tiut the general readei a uv lined 

n all logical and meta- 

llctice as a string of mere 

in array of imtutatantia- 

;li I am sine that, in the 



present wretched state oJ 
education, many would be 
even among our best citizens, 
to adopt and countenance 
view of the subject, I must say 
the view is intrinsically wrong. 

Philosophy b a whole whose 
arc not merely integrant, 
<■■■:■' ; for each of these parts is 
tially linked with the others, 
lime cannot exist without motion. 
neither can moral philoso; 
out logic and metaphysics; and 
sure as no velocity can c\ 
a moving body, even to 

innot exist apart Iron 
all metaphysical truth. To see this 
the more clearly, let us examine •hat 
arc the relations that bind together 
the parts of philosophy. 

The old division of this sriencet 
rational, real, and moral, wh 
find to have been given by Plato,* | 
is drawn from the inmost nature of 
things and the very constitution of pat* | 
losophy. Everything that is perfect, 
whether it has an existence 
fields of reality, or only in the regim 
of thought, is found i!ve in 

its constitution, i, something compe- 
tent to give a certain determinatioa; 
a, some other thing liable to I 
such a determination ; 3. some third 
thing which is the immediate resdt 
of the concurrence of the oil 
That which gives a detcrminatio* 
is called the " formal " constituent 
of the thing; that which rectvrtf 
such -i determination is called toe 
*' material " constituent of the same 
thing; finally, that which result* » 
called the " formal complement," and 
is the actual constitution or the scry 
actuality of the thing thus constituted. 

ro nri! " Ku!t Jun • PUtro« xcn\t* 
pbllotophantfl ratio Mplei : una de rtta «t »t»i- 
bu« ; Altera do u«tuc» el rcbiu oc.- 
d« dlateraado, ct quid Tcram, tjutd ulwi 
rfrtum In ontlono. prevaroquc. quid miiiMtt 
fii*. quid rci'ucn*n». -Acmtl. uo. 

ii H --111 racoctdnbti Id wr 
modern logic, mcij^d) »itt. aad cihirv 



'UUosophical Terminology. , 



465 



• human soul, 
it gives life to the hu- 
1 formal constituent 
organic body, inasmuch 
ves life through the soul, 
material constituent ; and 
:onscious life, which is the 

result of the concurr* 
md body in one compound 
the actuality of : 
ituted, and makes it for- 
mplcle in its indiv: 

ilosophy is similarly made 

reo such constituents. 1 ht 

itueol and, as it were. 

of philosophy (and of all 

ences, too) is logic, or ra- 

\hilau>phy. Its duty is to 

kind of rational stamp on 

is of science by applying 

process o> definition, di- 

and argumentation. • 

process, and ( 

:i" of science. 

00, logic holds that place in 

object of science 

le soul holds in regard :<> its 

ire to be consid. 

c fonnal constituent of 

; part, or the body, of 
by is "all real being as 
or, in other terms, all the 
natter of metaphysics, or 
Itu/pAy; tor metaphysics is 
bnt the knowledge of real 
cquiicd through the consid- 
of their intrinsic cos 
Jl reality, be it created or un- 
lattet or q irit, - instance 
at, is the " material " con- 
r philosophy inasmuch as it 
i to the scientific form by 
Ition marie to it of the 
The objective truth 
;s, to long as it it n<>t sub- 
O the searching scrutiny of 
reasoning, mostly belongs 
er region of cxpcrimcntal- 
)L- XVII.— 30 



which scarcely deserve 
it lias usurped, the high name of 

DC*; but, when pervaded by in- 
tellectual light, rises suddenly 

led by it, and takes up if 
in the serene region of mi taphyslOf, 
where it shows itself in all the oj 

1 1 ontological beauty. Hence it 
is that metaphysics m.iv be compar- 
ed to a living body, of which logic 
is the soul. 

My, by the application of logic 
to objective realities, namely, by the 
study of metaphysics, a wonderful 
bond is established between the ration- 
al faculty and objective truth, the first 

ting hold of the second, and the 

second reacting after its own maimer 
on the first; so that reason, enlij;.h 
cd by objective truth, knows how to 
pronounce a right judgment on the 
merit of things, and ID 1"; natural 
rectitude feels compelled to - 
that relative place in its estimation 
to which each of them is reasonably 
entitled. As the soul, therefore, 
Owing to its intimate connection with 
the body, '• feels " what suits or suits 
inn the requirement of the anim 
organism, and Wd with the 

one, and displeased with the other, so 
also reason, owing to its clear posses- 
sion of objective truth, " perceives " 
what agrees and what clashes with 
the objective order of things, and 1 , 
with the authority of a judgs, pro 
nounces its sentenct that the I 
must be approved, and the second 
condemned. Such dictates of reason 
form the object of moral philosophy ; 
and it is through them that the moral 
law is naturally communicated and 
promulgated to all rational creatu 

Hence, it • that the know- 

ledge of morality is the result of an 
intellectual knowledge of the real 
nature Of things, and of their 

■ clion, exigencies, and mam 
relations. Hence, also, the conclu- 
sion that the rational, the real, and 



'tilosofhital Ttr minology. 



the moral order, though distinct ob- 
ject* of knowled. > bound 
together in one gn ience 
that it would t>c scarcely tiossible to 
uue without referring to 
me other. Hence, finally, the further 
conclusion that the gf im- 
portance of a true and thorough 
knowledge of morality, thcruorestrin- 
gent is the necessity of securing to it 
tltc foundation of good, sound, and 
intelligible metaphysics. To neglect 
the latter would be to tamper with 
interest) of the former. 
Perhaps 1 nifht £0 even further, 
and Say that what we need just now 
is not so much a new book of logic 
or of ethics as of metaphysics. A 
good metaphysical work is the surest 
nlation both of a good logic and 
I good moral philosophy. The 
laws of thought and the laws of mo- 
rality must be explained in accor- 
dance wiili the laws of real b< 

the bettsr we understand these 
last, the ily conversant 

we become with the first. Besides, 
with respect to logic and ethics, we 
have no new doctrines to U 
whilst in metaphysics «c have to 
settle a number of old and new que*- 
ig the constitution of 
natural things, and their causality, 
their mutual in, as we 

find that such questions are not satis- 
factorily treated cither by the am 
met :i# or by our modem 

philosophical physicists. Such 
questions regard, as 1 said, natural 
.is; but their solution has a hear- 
eii ui.wiy other philosophical 
doctrines, because it materially effects 
the terminology by which those doc- 
trines arc to be expounded. 

I do not Wish) nor would this be 

the place, to enter into particular:! 

B regard to the method which 

Llowed in llit: treatment 

of diflercnl philosophical snbji 

yet I think it worth rcmarkiii; 



general that the fewer the 
on whi losophcr 

his reasonings, the more clea 
form, and satisfactory will his d 
str.uions generally prove : 
other hand, in proportion as 
principles shall be higher, the 
will be needed. This leads I 
believe that one of the best i 
which could be made a 
the much-desired success of la 
dertalcing would be to take our! 
point i as possible (acot 

to the very nature of pluloi 
I is Si Urttia per turnouts ex 
and to base our demonstrate 
the very first constituent pro 
of being. Looking down froo 
a height, we could easily ds 
the vague | ■ i.'iory.andc 

the dangerous influences of 
other so-called principles or i 
whose intrusion into the hot 
philosophy is due to i 
wrong interpretation of 
and laws of the phy 
It is through these assume 
pies that a i table 

has been fostered and per 
between the votaries of 
the one hi those of met 

sics, on the other ; and it is th 
the same cause, that even no 
same student, after learning one 
as true in his class of rnetapl 
is obliged to hear it declared 
in his class of natural phiiot 
This should not be; and we 
hope that it will not be whe 
ophical reasonings are ulti 
)y grounded on first principle 
when no secondary principle 
admitted which are nut demoi 
cd, or corrected, or re 
some evident and adequate red 
to first prt 

Kut now a question is to I 
swercd which professors 
phy will perhaps be the i 
pose. The question is this : 




thop Ic of phtlo- 

as we want, be written in 

popular Knglish, so as 

: easy reading for the average 

tan student ? Or mast a special 

ge be used which none but 

•■■sopbeis will understand ? 

ry one who knows how pecu- 

K language of other sciences 
will anticipate the answer. 
English tongue is ax 
any other to express common 
Its; but common thoughts are 
Mghts Of common pcop1< 
it commonly think with the 
i phitosopbi) .'1 • .-'■■' ision, nor 
f matters (of which there are 
in philosophy) that transcend 
ronton wants of their ordinary 
ions. This being the < 
ious that, in writing a phi 

; (especially if it be intend' 
as a text-book fur our 

tholic institutions), it will 

1 to make use of a special 
Ige, which, though English, 
I be that easy-going and 
Jgiuh which we rind in 
vac, but must be a precise, 
td, di iodic, abstract, 

il stiff language, such as 
ravilj . and difficulty 

loso], ligations often 

laid, illy if the work 

i-rvc as a text : 
le, in this case, it will be ab- 
ly necessary to adopt in it the 
of the philosophical termino- 
hat has been handed down to 
our Catholic ancestors. 
>gy, in all branches of study, 
faithful exponent of the w- 
Khievcmcms of science 
ns, as it wctc, ry of 

it rnankin 
ig in the cow 

Mjre more or lew the philoso- 
sinology is therefore to ig- 
! or less the wisdom of all 




past ages. Moreover, ii is only by 

means of an exact terminology that 

a teacher can convey the knowledge 

of exact truth to his pupils' inn 

and BCC01 bilo- 

.,-.- txprtffeao i. well ac- 

quainted with us language, thai they 
may acquire a dear, and 

precise know ledge of things; so that. 

n called upon in after-life to dis- 

ters in a plain and popular way for 
the benefit of the ■nle&rned, they 
may use such circumlocutions as will 
not essentially conflict with the truth 
of things. Experience shows that 

wiio have not a clear 
tinet conception of thing*, however 
much tiicy may tty to explain them- 
selves, arc never well understood. 

what if our work be not es- 
pecially/ blended for the class-room, 
but only lot common reading? 
Would it still "be difficult to have it 
written in a plain and intelli; 
manner? I think it would, unless, 
indeed, we leave out the most funda- 
mental questions of metaphysics. Ii 
we were asked only to write a few 
"academical" essays on philosophic 

ubjects. without concerning our- 
selves with the intimate nature 
thin Id not be fcolt 

to perform such a ta>k in tolerably 
readable and popular Engfa' 
if tc an asked to go to the root 
of things, and to give a consistent, 

r, accurate, and radical account 
.end of their objective rela- 
tions; if we arc expected to lay doe n 
and explain those grounds of distinc- 
tion between similar things that will 
enable us to ovoid latent (* 
lions, to detect pamlogjstic i 
ences, ami to expose the soph 
of mil opponents; if, in short, we 
must prepare ■ standard work 
which will cr< Htd last- 

ing interest, and take hold of the 
public mind I to uproot 



Terminology. 



I*cjudicc, to confound error, and to 
tOcfi 

. men, 1 say, »e < -nnot do 
ba the language with which peo- 
ple are generally faj:; 
filling it with a number of other 
words, phrases, and formulas of our 
own. '1 .1 iv however, should riot be 
looked upon as discouraging; for 
the popularity to which a work on 
philosophy aspires is not the gene- 
ral popularity of the BBirsjiaper or 
the novel, but a popularity confined 
within the range of deep-thinking 
minds. y is not intended 

for blockheads nor for the general 
reader ; hence, if these have no relish 
for our philosoph; . wo shall 

not, on that account, complain of 
.. ant of popularity. 
We mi« Own, however, that a 
nuinl)cr of philosophical words have 
become |>opular in other modern 
languages which are sfiU above pop* 
ular comprehension in the English; 
and on this account the range of 
popularity of I philosophical work 
will be less in our country than it 
would, all other things being equal, in 
Era:; . or Spain. In these 

; tries, where languages are 
akin to the philosophic La- 
tin, and where the study of philoso- 
under the supervision of the 
die Church formed for centu- 
art of public edu- 
educated person soon 
nets iii his nati 
a] idi he had been taught in 

the Latin of the schools. I; 
through this process that the 
gunge of philosophy 

Ian- 
[« of all 

process wJ 

leil to the 
i 

the 
>l and in ge- 




nius of which it must til 

•cd that all further popu 
vclopment of the philosophi 
guage has been arrested tor 

rtet in the Anglo-Saxon r 
Had England remain 
and continued, like her si»ter n; 
to cultivate the fields of s]>ec« 
knowledge, there is little doub 
English writers, and the del 
particular, would have pop 
and brought into common 
philosophical and theologic 
sions which had been 
ready in their dictionaries. ; 
have l>een a most vain 
ment fix 
education of the countr 

B this process of famili 
speculative knowledge was ca 
throughout Cat i 

had something eUe more press 
do: she busied herself a 
to pieces and burning the ineti 
bical and theological books she 
inherited from the gTeat Cat 
founders and luminaries of bet 
versjtics. I i the Anglo 

on race attain to even a con 

e of philosophic develop 
under the sway of a system » 
wxs the very negation of philoso, 
Could any one be a philosopher 
yet " protest " against conclu 
of which he had to concede the 
mises ? Protestantism was not 
offspring of reason, but of pa 
: it b carnal, not i 
lectual; it popularizes matter, 
studies material comfort, I 
raise the people to the contempt 
and a I n of eternal and 

vcrsal truth. Hence, whi 

ies of knowledge which 
conned their senses the 

pie made rem 
in philosophy they remained in£ 
-. tag 
it the stream that a fe» 
leged being* saved some 



national vreck. Even now 

a-Saion Pro: 
nirc Hume and Bain, Darwin 
i and Herbert Spcn- 
will be long before he 
s that it is a shame to U 
sophists as " our great rui 
jphcrs." 

i tame evil that stayed in En- 

the process of popularization 

philosophical language, caused 

nguage to remain deficient in 

useful and some necessary 

wherewith other nations wise- 

ilicir vernacular tongues. 

is equivalent to saying that 

Jglish idiom, even a^ use 

arned, does not always afford 

tnt facilities for the cxj 

>n of metaphysical rata 

hat, therefore, a writer who 

i to be quite correct in treating 

cm will be tempted (O take 

ra with the language, and will 

o the temptation. 

m example of this, suppose we 

o say i i nglish what S. 

as Aquinas tear . e fol- 

[ sentence | .'<•///. Dist. 

,a. a) : "In Deo est aapientia, 

nitas, ct hujusmodi, quorum 

bet est ipsa divina essentia; et 

inia sunt unum. Kt quia un- 

xJquc eorum est in Deo sc- 

verissimam rationeot, et 

Use uoh eat ratio bon 

.antum hujusmodi, rciinquitur 

sunt direr noo tan- 

nantis, sed 

prictate ipsius rei." 

*- should rrc here translate the 

t Andrews' Dktiotiary 

taun. tavtess, rtiatmt, 

, tmeent, ure. 

ttUnets, fnyf, and such like ; 
ich we may add the 

I nglish gc 

:icnt of a 
ly divided by another of the 
Now, which of : 



terms can we employ in the present 
Case? There is DO! them 

transform tins beau- 
tiful and important pi 

angelic doctor into a 

Of BOH : of the A 

of wisdom, of the tttuern of goodness, 
of u ■ of eternity, i 

busiiHSS of irai i be ab< 

surd. The temptation to infringe on 
the ri 

evident Bui irhat other E 
iisli word can «c employ? should 
we translate, tht tone/ft of Wtad 

.- of goodness 1 By no 

■ : ling 
of the word i mate, 

but because it is not ft Itai Wt need 
in the present case; for the holy 

don ami goodness 

on account o one, but 

cxjdititiy teaches tint they 

own grounds. " ex | 

i oncept" 
is not the right m 
of " " m shoti 

" that whii.li is the ground of the 

Vu this circoml 
tea being too long to replac 
single word, does not exactly cons' 
sponi every inteHigcti 

will I 1 I: ' I 

the wore ::tly 

rendered by the i 

sion "objective notion "; but tl.i 
forbidden by our diction urd- 

ing to w: 

iaot 

translate " the nature 

and "the nature" of goodness, 

cause it would then seem that di\ 

a different nature 
therefore realty distinct ; * 
not the i hey ate only mtit- 

talh distinct, though on their i 
real '..id 

is, wc injglil add an 
epithet to the word "natui . and 



4/0 



Ttrminohgy. 



translate "I mi' 

Ml nature of wlSoV I ;•>, as 

thai formality which is • re- 

icitcd by liic notion of wisdom, 
last expression might be consid- 
ered tolcr.ilii. 

pre I k to the Latin mho, 

which is so much simpler and clearer, 

i which has, moreover, a general 
ami unUbrra application to all objects 
of thou. • everywhere find 

ftaaieo, ntb tftd/to, raA persona, 
ratio lubihntia. and a great number 
of similar ratios. And, again, the 
word is another very superior 

adoption. 1 as it i* 

the only word that exactly expresses 
the transcendental u UB| 

from the conspiration of a material 
with , and implies 

in its concrete meaning the two 
i i pies from which it results as 
actually correlated ; for, as 
geometric ratio implies a numci 
and a denominator correlated 

,t which is mensurable " ami 
••that by ivhiiii it is measured." so 
the ratic :s, the ratio tut 

and all the other>, imply and 

libit a potential and a formal 

li iplc, correlated as " that which 

i, .:,-,• tad -that by 

which it is determined" ; and as 

% of a georuetiic ratio, inas- 

thcy are correlated, give 

to a simple result which 

is the value of the ratio, so also 

the constituent principles of all be: 

they are correlated 

ace.': mutual ontological 

e rise to the actuality 

ie ontological rati*. It would 

appeal that, it mathemati- 

> are allowed freely to use the 

as they do, in the 

illar kom 

•. it /Ww», n»ay be allowed 
-»n»e word in that 
hi Ivavc pointed 



Out, and which, solely through 
•ophicol apathy, was i 
restn ita present narrow ; 

thematicai i 

I I have said of this 
.-s an instance of the 
of out language. 

are other words which philosop 
are sometimes disappoi 
find in our dictionaries, and wh 
will be necessary to borrow 
other sources, or to translate 
the works of the schoolmen ; 
I cannot come to patticul 
entering into c 
lead me much further than I a 

it intend to go, I n iil say ao- 1 
. 

1 be;; to conclude with a last ; 
mark which some readers may dee» 
superfluous, but which should 
overlooked by the teachers or tar 
>sophy. It is not »\ 
much the want of proper u 
the vague and improper us:: 
words which we already posv- 
ia calculated to impair the merit an! 
mar the usefulness of an Englis* 
work of philosophy. If I kne« thai 
any one was engaged in such a nork. 
I would earnestly enti io spare 

no efforts to the end that all imJtf' 
niteness or looseness of cxpresM* 
may be excluded from it, and to U** 
care that his philosophic language be, 
if possible, as pret i at* 

wielded as that of the ma**- 
matician. In philosophy, nothing i 
dangerous as loose res 
loose reasoning is inevitable 
loose terminology. Truth, by caff - 
less w often changed into 

error, and even great heresies *" 
frequently nothing but : 
expression of great truths ; accordisj 
to the remarkable sentence 
Thomas : Ax veriv inordinate ptvitU 
nawitvr kiriesii. Hence, all those 
tenns which in the popular language 
have a vague meaning should in 



jUty be cither avoided or 
instantly taken 
: sense of the defmiiion. 
iber having found years 
: works of an Italian phi- 
whosc celebrity has since 
|«i, nine or ten different deliui- 
If the wo: Which of 

Iclinitions he adopted as his 
could not discover; but it 
I to me that he adopted them 
, according as they 
the actual needs of his multi- 

E mentation — a proceeding 
ile confounding the minds 
tiers, was certainly not est- 
I to give weight to his conclu- 
This same word idea in our 
Ksh is extremely indefi- 

t M:i: 

■it, opinion, purpost, and 
<n, none of which would be the 
philosophical meaning of the 
lea," in all the approved 
s of psychology, means the 
idgc of a thing directly pcr- 
in any object o: 
Hence, no accurate phil 
say that we have an "idea" 
L. or • Density, or of 

but only that we have a "con- 
st Cod, of his immensh 
and of all those other i 
e not objects of first appi 
»rl the notions of which can be 
id only by a special 

lect on pre existing ideas, 
istinction between " idea " and 
spt " is very important in 
ilogy, and should therefore be 
d in a philosophical work at 
ry fir- : ig of logic, as 

u'nst the equirc- 
l of the ODtologista. 
not my intention to point out 
words the popular meaning of 
must be sharply looked into by 
wopher before he makes ujc 
I will only add. in connec- 
the word •• idea," that, in 



the classical books of philosoph> , die 
direct knowledge of the existence of 
a thing was not called "idea," but 
nrtitia. In English, we have 
"notice"; but this word n 
cording to Webster, the ad by which 
web.;' ledge of something with 

in the reach of uur tenses, whilst the 
Latin word nolil-.a means rather the 
permanent kiuncledge acquired by 
act; whence we sec that the 

1 .11:, /..■■!::: t /.::>: ..'.in.ot be tr.1!' 

ted " the notice of the fart,- and yet 
why should not a philosopher be 
allowed to use the word " notice " in 
the sense of the Latin nctifia when 
he wishes to contrast the knowh 
of the existence of a thing with the 
knowledge of its properties? This 

lid be, after all, 
done to the word by again rccog- 

Bg ::-. primitive legitimate mean- 
ing. 

On the contrary, the word eensei- 
entia, which in Latin has two dis- 
tinct meaning;, the psychological and 
the moral, in English has been repre- 
sent! • distinct words, " 1 
scloo nd " conscience." ] 
is a real improvement, so far as it 
goes. But the word '•conscious- 
ness," which properly expresses the 
knowledge of self and of the affec- 
tions of self, has already acquired, u 
used by modern authors, a very in- 
definite meaning, inasmuch as it 

ady replaces not only the 1 
(VHsrientia, but every kind of know- 
ledge as well; so that our edaci 
men do not scruple to declare their 

.> iousness of the rotation of the 
earth, or their consciousness of J 
presence in the room. In philoso- 
phy, where no word should be It 

WO interpretations, surh a | 
tniscuouS am! I use of the 

word i$ really intolerable; and I re- 
spectfully submit that ih 
Should by all means be again rest: 
ed to I signifies. 






47-: 



ChritU's ChiUhocdt. 



Not to lire the reader with other 
considerations of a similar nature, I 
v.-.ll OOm to an end. My object has 
been to point out in a gem I 
ner what I considered to be moat 
needed in a good Enguafa jiiiiloso- 
phical work. Certainly, a work 
based on unobjectionable principles, 
ample in its scope, complete in its 
parts, and precise in its tcrminol 
lid be a great boon to the higher 



classes of American socie 
irard who, 
sound knowledge of pi 
truths, possesses the rare 

in plain language, and he 
his efforts so l rded 

will never regret die labor 
have endured in such 
erode 

A Friend ok Philo 



CHRISTE'S CH1LDHOODK. 

Til i twelve ycrcs' age, how Cbii ihoode spei 

All earthly pennes unworthy w< itej 

Such sctea to mortal] eyes He did presente, 

.c worth not men but angells must recite : 

No nature's blottes, no C ulic* detilde, 

Whose Grace was guide, and God did play the 

In springing loekes lay chouched hoary witt, 

In semblance younge, a grave and aunchicnt port ; 

In lowly lookes high maiestie did aitt, 

In leader tunge, sound sence of sagest sort : 

Nature imparted .ill that she could 

I God tupplyd where Nature coulde not reach. 

mirth, of modest meanc a mirriiour was, 
His sadness, tempred with a mvlde aspects ; 
Oil eye, to trye cch action was a glasse, 

Whose lookes did good approue and bad i m 
His nature's giftes, H gi ice, Hi. word, and deede, 
Well shew'd that aU did from a Cod proecedc. 

— Sfu 



The Trowel or the Cross. 



473 



E TROWEL OR THE CROSS 

una mi &umax or c<ow*s ton bolamdu. 

iii (i jitr i*ar, ««rf tit /*«wr #/ /j»4««."-i Lake uii. }j. 

ooaxLititOu 

CHAPTER III. 

JBSOR AND NtW PROTEST ANT. 

"Stop the ringing of the b 
cried out th< -ioner to 

bcll-rii 

•• King away !" exclaimed a sturdy, 
well-dressed farmer who had clo 
followed the commissioner. "Continue 
toting; the bells are ours; there is fire!" 

" I am the police commissioner," 

I the officer sternly. " 1 am here 

by the command of the government, 

and 1 repeat my orders to stop at 

once the tinging of the Ix 

I I ,im the burgomaster of 
this place, and repeat that the bells 
shall be lung," replied the angry and 
excited villager. " You have no 

right to command bete, and mi 

in the church. When the « I 
[sh is assembled, the bells shall 
Opped, IIOI before." 
The ( ommissioner ground his 
teeth. He quailed before the de- 
termined aspect of the burgoma 
returned to the priest's bo 
There hi* anger changed into fear. 
The large yard before the bo 

the bhroi tad the street 

• thickly covered with 
He saw threatening looks an 
eyes glaring upon him when he as- 
cended the ttcpa. The crowd was 
I quiet, but already there were 
signs of a comin 

The police commissioner uncere- 
moniously entered the presence of 
Prince Joseph von Ebentein, the 
Jesuit father. 

" There, look 1" he exclaimed rude- 
ly. "That is your work— open re- 
bellion against the government I" 



te next men count 

ened suddenly from his 
ic three bells ot; 
e forth sorrowful tones. 

ills assembled from 

j Schatfensteia opt 

id looked in vain for the 
ike. in order to ii 
Tcabouts of the ur. 
me nor smoke was to 
ind yet all the inh.il il 
icn. and children, were 
i that 
1 have been Some cause 
m. 

is the fire ?" he asked of 
nan, who could hardly 
with t 

the fite, good nun ?" 
is no fire ; the gendarmes 
arrest our pastor." 

tein dosed the wiu- 

too nil I lie angrily, 

emasons, who are oxdina* 
g enough, have this time 

a great mistake. If the 
t cross arc not more pru- 

thc sons of the trowel, 
be b! lit case. 

ill defend their priest 
s and axes." 
ile, the police comm i 
1 come from the city with 
.rnict endeavored to put 

the ringing o: 

the church, he had 
1 the gendarmes upon 
p of the pastoral residence, 
Jesuit should not ( 



4/4 



The Trows/ or the Cross. 



- PaidOD me, Men- 1 >iier," 

replied the how 

could I have caused the tumult, 
since I had no knowledge of your 
coming ?" 

u have nevertheless incited 
the people to revolt against the 
rnment, and here is the result 
of your u 
•• Sir, I lure not incited the people 
list the government; the gov- 
: lent itself, by a violent 
unjustifiable act, has provoked the 
honest wrath of these simple pea- 
ts. 1 beg you to be less prcju- 

The bells were now silent; in the 
yard, a threatening murmur was 
heard ; the crowd seemed to 
greatly incensed, and the commis- 

ner saw that the situation was 
becoming very (ritual, lie listened 
at the window. 

"To carry away our priest like a 
thief, like a murderer 1" exclaimed a 
trembling voice. " We will not per- 
mit it; he must remain here '" 

" If our pastor was a sen-ant of 
Judas," said another voice, ■ and 
would betray our religion to the 
Freemasons, then they would not 
persecute him. Bat became he 
a pious, conscientious priest whom 
we all love and respect, tliey wish to 

■}'■" 

"Yeej that is the reason." 

" We will not suffer it ; wc will 
keep our priest; he tl ;o!" 

exclaimed many voices confusedly. 

ol icer looked at the a 
crowd, and acknowledged that it 
would be dangerous to use violence. 

'• I regret this commotion," said 
Prince von Kbcrstcin. "If, however, 
you choose to follow my advice, you 
can yet take your prisoner." 

•' What :r. your adri 

"Send away the gendarmes at 
once ; their presence only sen. 
ipente the people. After that, 



I will speak to ray parishioner?, 
and will enter the carriage witk 
you." 

- it discreet," replied 
the « net, who weal 

and commanded the gendarmes to 
leave Wcsclhcim forthwith. 

The departure of the gendarmes 
tranquillized the crowd. The threats 
ceased, and the clinched lists trrt 
o]>ened. Upon the steps of his resi- 
dence the prince now appeared 
dressed in his cassock. 

•• May Jesus Chi -rati, 

your reverence !" exclaimed the **■ 
BCrabkil parish. 

" Now and for ever, dear chil 
First let me thank you for lac 
and sympathy you have alwsy* 
shown me (luring I 
you. You know that the goveraroot 
objects to ray remaining here be- 
cause I am a foreigner. I have bet* 
frequently directed by the temporal 
power to leave my parish, 
cause our Lord Jew i ij Wt 

commanded the temporal powers to 
preach the Gospel, to administer the 

Dents, or to govern the chnrc*. 

as given that right to the Pojf. 
the bishops, ami the priests, and b* 
cause I have derived my mission aot 
from the temporal authority, b 

lurch, I have refused to lea»« 
the dear fold entrusted to my are, 
nor shall I leave it let that 

these unfortunate disturbances SSSf 
not r>. ! to aecon- 

the commissioner to tl 
There I will lay the whole afiair be- 
fore our most gr 

wise . [shall ask hi» 

to arrange matters so that ! 
not be molested again in the dis- 
charge of my sacred duties. Are 
you satisfied, dear parishioners ?" 
The deep* icd. 

mr reverence," exclaimed a 
voice, "if yoi ise us to come 

back, then we are :. 



The Trowel or the Cross. 



475 



" I protni aered 

the pries: fin: 

He then re-entered the house 
- Heir CommiswoQcx, have the 
iage immediately brought r> I 
the steps, so that any further excite- 
ment may lie 

This was done. When, however, 
the children saw their pastor pelting 
into the carriage, they commenced 
to weep aloud, in which the girls am I 
women joined, so that hcart-rcn 
lamentations filled the air. The 
rtf whipped the horses, and tin- 
rough the now 
desolated village. 

•■ Do not weep so!" said Keller; 
•' our pastor will return: he has pro- 
mise'! 

ill if they imprison him ?" said 
a timid woman. 

i. : things haw not yet 
come to such a pass !*' observed the 
burgomaster; "the parish will pro- 
tect fa 

•eople now separated. O n I > 
burgomaster and some of the 
id villagers remained in the 
house conversing together. 
Ii as' . another carriage 

Mopped at the door. The astonished 
*»cu saw an official wearing a very 
nch uniform descend from the car- 
riage. 

link I know him," said Kel- 
ler, ne of 
1 be four Freemason 

priest who accompanied the 
was received by the villagers 
% uh sharp and suspii ious looks. 

ng!"taid the friendly 

P^i i i I am rejoiced to meet 

k such a num- 

i. Hcrr Durgomas- 

i n?" 

s ; i am he, an<l these are the 
co u , 

its is splendid; what a fori 
^•■cumsitar.ee F remarked the official. 
- * am the government counsellor, 



and have come to introduce tin* rever- 
end gentlemen into his office, so that 
the good parish of Weselhcim should 
• moment without a pastor." 
I : ■ men looked at one another; 
they were greatly perplexc 
seemed hardly to undemtan 
was going on. 
•• But, Hen Counsel! the 

rmuter, " we have a pastor. 
He went only an hour ago to the city 
to sec his most gracious majesty the 
and to-morrow he will return." 
"You are mistaken, Hen Burgo- 

lof and grandmaster of the Free- 
ms. "The Jesuit will not re- 
turn." 

The last words fell like a thunder- 
bolt among them, 

- What ?— O ho I" exclaimed the 
'- \V« shall sec ! Our pastor is 
the R '-••.-. Hcrr von Ebcrstein ; we 
ther." 

'■ Unfortunately, i l-lber- 

stein is a foreigner," replied the 
tag his shoulders. 
" I introduce to you a pious priest 
whose zeal will certainly bring a bless- 
ing upon tin- parish." 

The priest bowed and smiled, but 
the villagers evidently did not like 
him. 

bat is your unit if we may be 
allowed to ask?" 

'• My name i> Stcchapfe! " (thorn- 
appk red the priest. 

••What! Stechaptel?" cried they 
all, drawing back. 

'• An- pou BOt the New Proi 
Stcchapfcl of whom wc have read SO 

much in the iied 

ncilmen. 
"lam not a New Protestant, but 

an Old Catholic," replied Stechapfel. 

■ It is really so— it is h<' 
e<i Keller. 'Do yon Hen 

Sted lath- 

die' is understood an: dies 

as ' New Protestant ' ? We know also 






why the heretic* of oar day have in- 
vented the word ' Old Catholic ' : 
titty did so to throw Bad ia the eyes 
of the people j as if they, the heretic*, 
had remained takhtal to the old 
Catbobc doctrine, bat the Pope and 
all the bishop* and priests, as also all 
Catholic*, had renounced the true 
faith. Luther, the first Protestant, 
did the very sane thing. He accus- 
ed I he Pope and the bishops of hav- 
ing left the old doctrine, bat that be. 
Lather, had retained it, for which 
reason he was an Old Catholic The 
same i» repeated to-day ; it is decep- 
tion — pure deception; therefore we 
do not call these deceivers ' Oil 
it 'New Protestants.'" 
•• I deplore all this confusion," re- 
'Icvomiy. "I have 
nothing to do with Luther nor with 
heresy of any sort. I keqj firmly to 
the Old Catholic doctrine." 

tte listen to mc, Hcrr Stcch- 
■pfcl , 1 mh to ask you something," 
began Keller, moving his cap on 
uile of bis head. " l>o you be- 
lieve that the Pope is infallible 
when he captains and defines how 
an article of faith or of morals b to 
be understood ?" 

■ • i ; I do not believe it, because 
it was never believed before," replied 
Hlrditpfi 

t never believed before — 
only henr that :" exclaimed the vil- 
lager*, laughing. 

t mc continue — I am not 
through yet," said Keller. " Vou 
therefore, Hcrr Stcchapfcl, 
that the 1'opc and all the bishops 
erred when they maintained this 
doctrine in the council r" 

" Of course they erred ; for they 
(■vented a new article of faith," an- 
Bwcrcd Stcchapfcl. 

[al bal Thai is loo absurd !" 
1 out some of those present. 
• not laugh, men ; it 

matter," said Keller. 




The Tr*o?tl or tkt Cress. 



" Now, Herr SterhapreL since 
are to be oar pastor, yoa can per- 
haps explain something that I do 
not understand. Oar Lord tastitut- 
ed an infallible » r *: *i in g ir j* n ii*l ia 
dm church before be wmitri is 
heaven. That he was obbged to 
institute tab infawble tribunal I 
can understand; for any yean 
would not have elapsed after his as- 
cension, before learned men would 
have begun 10 misinterpret and dis- 
tort his doctrine. Therefore aa 
infallible tribunal was necessary, 
that it might tell the peopio 
what b and what b not the doctrine 
of Christ Our Lord has also pro- 
mised and given to thb infalSle 
tribunal the Holy Ghost, ihtt 
he should remain with it unto 
the end of the an i cstabiah 

n all both. But now, t*b 
tribunal, that is, the Pope and tbe 
bishops, has deck- the Head 

of the church b infallible when he 
gives to the whole world a decision 
or an interpretation concerning the 
meaning of an article of .faith <* 
morals. Now follows what I do no* 
understand. You New Protev; 
maintain that it is not so. But 
b not true, then the infallible 
bunal has erred ; then our Lord 
told a falsehood. How does 
agree, Hcrr Stechap. 

Tbe counsellor and the 
could not conceal tl 

"You are well instructed," aa»* : 
Schlehdom. 

"This is in consequence of havir»S 
had a good and zealous priest," r* 5 * 
plied the burgomaster. " Arc yCf 
not a New Protestant, ll<:rr Con 
sellor?" 

*' By no means ! I ! 
liie original doctrine of the H<?*>' 
Catholic Church; therefore I 
EtrkUy speaking, aii olic* 

" I do not believe it !" exclaim* 
Keller, with a fierce 



ard ha* 

"1 




or th 



477 



uu arc a Freemason j al- 

, e shaved off your 

moustache, yet t know you. 

not a few day* ago meet 

tber Freemasons on the 

(mountain of birds) ? Did 

:. say, 'The trowel or 

you not say that 

no God, no devil, no hca- 

hdl?" 

arc mistaken in the person," 
he astonished official, in 
harassment. 

of i; ?" ' ricd Ewald 
i not for that rca- 

long ago that the New 
. iy tilde religion, 
the rao« zealous New I 

who never go 
a or to bol 

ped themselves in 
of 'Old Cat! 
cy might work the better 

hofic Choi 
gh !" exclaimed the off' 
regained his self-command, 
re to expose myself to 
bat to introduce thil 
off. 
is not necessary !" ex. I 
en. "You can take the 
U once back again 
we do not want him." 

B . ■■ i " . id the 

A'e shall be faithful 

and his bishops; wa 

g for the infallible pr 

• not believe that any 

le of himself; but the 

fallible by virtue of his 

teacher; and the Holy 

trier promised nor sent 

," began the 
r sternly, " I make you re- 
fer the safety and official 
I'astor Stcchapfcl. 
: r Counsellor, you have 
" replied the burgo- 



master. " We in this t illage are 
Catholics in the strictest sense of the 
word. Therefore, we cannot have 
11 err Stcchapfcl, because he is a 
New Protestant. Do you imagine, 
Herr Counsellor, thai the people 
will allow themselves to be com- 
mando ;1 :;;? Do 
you think that our faith is to be 
knocked into and out of our heads 
by because you 
say the word ? N o ; I refuse to be- 
come answerable for the New Pro- 
testant pastor you have brought 
and I also assure you that, i( he 
enters the church, the people will 
run out." 

Keller, who had evidently 1 devised 
some plan of action, gave the liurgo- 
: a MGItl sign. 

••I think," and he, " as the gov- 
ernment i mnseUot baa come pur- 
posely hither, we should jive Hen 
Stcchapfcl a trial. By the way 
beginning, you should introduce Herr 
apfel into the pastor's resi- 

dcao 

" You have spoken very nisei; . 
rered Schlehdora. ■• I nn st now 

go; farewell, gentlemen !" 

The official thereupon returned to 
the city, and Stcchapfcl and the 

burgomaster eaten priest's 

house. 

Keller remained i poke 

earnestly with the other Ben, and 
the nature of his communication i 
ated great but suppressed mirth 
among them. 

After a short in! and 

I appeared before Stech; 

" Have you mature)] red 

the matter? It will not do" COBB* 
menced Keller. " If it become! 
known in the village that an I 
Catholic New Protestant I 
there wonld he a terrible tumult. 
The people would be wild at the 
thought of having a nan as their 
pastor who is more infallible than 



the J 'ope and the bishops, and 

the same tiruecxcommunkau.l 
To avert misfortune, you roust leave 
at on. 

" 1 ! treatment ; 

I shall remain !" exclaimed Stech- 
apfel. 

" You can protest as long as you 
wish; it becomes YOB very' well, for 
you area New Protestant!" replied 
Keller indifferently. •• Hut remain 
here you cannot !" 

. - government has sent me as 
pastor to this village, and I shall 
-lit to the position !" 
exclaimed the Old Catholic. 

•• Hah I the government 1 That is 
New Protestant nonsense ! It' you 
vrere a I yuu would know 

Hint the government has no right to 
dispose of ecclesiastical offices. Offi- 
ces of the church arc bestowed by 
thechurch. Therefore, you must go ! 
il yuur bat ?" 

•' Thta is an outrage ; it is nothing 
less than violence !" 

" There, take your hat ! 1 ask you 
whether you will leave voluntarily ?" 

■' No ; I will not 

••Will. then, we will accompany 

until you are out of the villaj 

Keller; and he put his . 

under that of Stechapfcl, while 

Ewald executed the same manoeuvre 

on the other side. In vain did the 



intruder resist The strong two 
took him out of the house, acr 
yard, and through the village. 'Ihe 
people of .road 

and laughed at the comical tceoA 

" Whom have you there ?" askei 
a pai 

••We have here an 01 
New Protestant who has • 
away from Bavaria. We arc no* 
showing him the way out of the til- 

"What are you -do* 

another, in surprise. " I hope yoairS 
not lay hands on a priest ?" 

" Certainly not," said Ewald ; "« < 
only e wolf who wished to 

erect i 

A short distance out of the village, 
the tin 

"So. Ilcrr Stechapfcl, now yoa 
can proceed alone," laid Pram Kel- 
ler. " It' you wish to l>e again tales 
out, then you must revisit us : it »iU 
be a pleasure for us to escort jo* 
as we have just done. If you & 
really a duly on . then ' 

ask your pardon ; but I have 
ask pardon ol you per 
you bear too close a resemblance ln 
the traitor Judas. You can ' 
gentlemen in the city that we 
lieim shall remain 
: the trowel 

bemsdvea. 



true to O* 
Preemasof* 

Good-by ' 



:• IV. 



Arrr.At. roa uei.r. 



I {;'!•.! the tower of the palace 
floated a banner — asigu that the king 

had taken up his residence there. In 
tiic royal park, a gentleman in the 
. as walking, His coun- 
tenance bespoke a kind disposition, 
eyes were full of spirit 
and intelligence. He sought out the 
icly paths, and seemed lost 
IIS gaze retted upon 
the lovely Sowers of the forest, the 



jod-Uy ' 



gTcen moss, and the giga^i 
Hurried steps are heard coming a»J 
the well-gravelled road; joy b. 

i the face of the gentle 
stretches out his i* 1 ' 

youthful count to his bosom, ami 
prims a kiss upon his forehead. 

• Have you come at last, **J 
Adolph ? How fresh and handset*** 
you look !" 

• No wonder, your ma;* 



The Trozvel or the Cress. 



479 



'■ cat potatoes with 
count ma 
walked on arm io arm. The 
M distantly related to the 
to was a great lover of ait, 
■-• in the poetic 
his young relative, 
how long has your majesty 
urself from the affairs of 
asked Adolph. 
two weeks — a short time, 
c I cannot rest; I have 
an audience to many pcr- 

rou prom 

ih to see 
g to a powerful organixa- 
king. "The grand- 
all the Freemasons of the 
will present an address to me 
tlays, I believe. 1 * 
grandmaster ?" exclaimed 
taking bis portfolio from 
arm. " These leaves con- 
good and bad. To keep 
crct from the king would be 
and on my part a 

you written a drama ?" 
r majesty ; or rather, I 
one; you also arc one 
tort, as well as the grand- 
Can I begin to read 
ainly ; i am most anxious to 
t you have writl 

fenstcin, after a few 
introduction, described his 
X in the forest, and 
unsuspecting Freemasons 
at his feet. He then corn- 
read. Tiic king listened 
Tided attention. Gradually 

IV. 

thanks for your valuable 
■cation." said he, when Von 
stein bad finished read 
a narrow-minded man 
not rule, but Out- 

pen 
contemptible and vulgar; 



but what else do you cx|«ct from 
Freemasons !" answered the count 

"And these very Freemasons are 
always professing to be the most obe- 
dient servants of the crowo," said 
indignant king. " Tiicy are constant- 
ly clamoring about the dangerous 
designs of Rome upon other gov 

meats, and they also pretend to do 

the intrigues of the ultramcmtancsl" 

"In reality," replied Von Schar- 
fenstein, •• it is these men of the trowel 
and apron who undermine the author- 
ity hi iIil i rOWD ; they make the peo- 
ple halo their rulers, they violate 
wound the holiest feelings ofsubje 
and they do this clothed in the gar- 
ment of official authority. I will | 
you an example." knd the count re- 
lated tlie forcible expulsion of the 
Jesuit father, and the request of the 
inhabitants of Wcscll 

The king walked a few steps in 
ace. 

"Justice shall be given to the 
oppressed, and punishment to the 
guilty," said he, and then turned to- 
wards the palace. 

Two days later, the ■ 
left their village, dresse<l in their best 
attire, and carrying with then the 
prayers of all the inhabitants. The 
burgomaster led the process 
followed by the others, until they 
entered the royal park. The nearer 
they approached the palace, the 
slower were the footsteps of the men ; 
fur it is BO trilling matter lor btun 
subjects to enter the presence of I 
king. 

urge, do justice to our cause !" 
Bwald to the burgomaster. 

• I will do all that I can, but you 
must help me!" And the burgoma 
viped the perspiration ore- 

head. 

They walked in respectful silence 
upon the clean gravel-path that led 
to the palace. At some distance 
from them, they e- 



Trowel or the Cross. 



id Count von Scharfcnstein com- 
ing op a by-road. He saw the diffi- 
dence of the men, and saluted them 
;. order to infuse new courage 
into them. 

e parish of Weselheim b held 
in high estimation by the king, for 
he only gives audience here to princes 
and to very intimate friends," said 
he. "Therefore, yon must speak 
freely to bin. The king likes a plain 
and truthful statement of facts. At 
the same time, my friends, the qucs- 
thc king help you, that 
is, for any time to come ? There is 
only one thing which will lie of 
help." 

•' What docs your lordship mean ?" 
inquired Keller. 
•• 1 mean that the Freemasons 
rail aim at the destruction 
• n. They have worked at 
this for many years, and not in v.iic. 
v have succeeded in expelling 
hi miny places a large number of 
im the schools, so that the 
children, if possible, may. grow up 
without religion. They have decbr- 
; conscientious bishops 
priest* At present they have 
driven out the Jesuits, because they 
very active and zealous in the 
I large of their duty. After the 
Jesuits will follow the other religious 
I the seminaries will be 
ips and priests will be 
deprived of their rights, and the 
church as they imagine, will be ren- 
dered helpless. It is a most cruel 
tyranny, and a real stigma upon the 
German name; but what can be 
done? The tyrants arc all powcr- 

r gracious king can put a 
stop to their wickedness," said the 
rer. 
- You are mistaken," replied 
Scharfcnstciii. "The king cannot 
do everything. He has swum to 
uphold the constitution, and he must 



keep his oath. If, therefore, the 
sentatives of the couniry, the 
ber of Deputies, make laws h 
religion, the king is often obli 
confirm them. Consequently, onl; 
thing can really help you." 

if we are 
ted to ask your lordship ?" 

"It is for you to exercise 
prudence in the elections fur 
Chamber and the Diet. Send 
religious men as your represc 
to the Diet, and then your rdijioa 
will not be insulted, and you will 
have good laws. Why are the Free- 
masons now in the icy in 
the Chamber, in the ministry, in the 
government, everywhere ? And «too 
are to blame ! i*opk, 
he people have given UierrioJ 
to their bitterest enemies. If tbe 
Catholic people had elected proper 
representatives, the Freemason* and 
liberals would never have beeomJ 
so powerful. If, therefore, the 

their power for 
the destruction of the church and of 
religious belief, it is very natural 
and the carclei reoce of t»e 

people is the cause Of 

" Your lordship is right," aaswcf ; 
cd the burgomaster. 

"It will bo very different at tf* 
next election," said the OtbC 
men. 

" I hope so," remarked 
Scharfenstcin. "Remember what * 
tell you. Only one thing will be O* 
lasting benefit to you, and that I 
send practical Catholics to the Diet » 
and this you can do if you choose- 
Unscrupulous men who do. not be" 
lieve in God, in etent i Dffj 

punishment, do not hesitate to de- 
prive the people of their religiou 
rights, to impose oppressive 
1 to make sla 
aenl" 

The villagers acquiesced ia x 
was. said. 



cugnv 
e taxes 
lives of 



we had never be- 
sweet-sounding words of 
and their lying news- 
renurked Ewald. '• We 
confess that, as a people, 
ignorant, and allow our- 
too easily duped." 
time for you to become 
ied the count. 



The deputation had iioir reached 
!.u:e. 

"Do you see the man with the 
long official staff in his hand, stand- 
ing there in the hall? Tell bin 
who you arc, and he will take <-:uc 
of you." Saying this, Von Schar- 
fenstcin saluted them, and retun 
to the park. 



-ITER V. 
Til* ACDIXNCK. 



audience-chamber there 

a in animated 

on : the grandmaster and 

freemasons, the director, 

iity professor. They were 

r dressed, and wore seve- 

ipon their breasts. They 

be very familiar with t) 

gs, for they moved about 

•ncern. The grand- 

thc Freemasons especially 

o be full of his own inv 

I he glanced haughtily 

the king's attendants when 

the apartment. 

ling lias gone wrong to- 

he, looking at his watch. 

eady a quarter of an bout 

appointed time. I have 

treated so bel 

remark something urn. 

I the director. ••There, 

bJc, stands a chair of 

;ng never seats himself 

: why, thcrc- 

ihis rule been violated? 

bell upon the table — what 

mean?" 
ing has his humors, no 
the grandmaster sar- 
g meanwhile an ad- 
the silver salvei 
■le. 

iing-doors opened, 

ing entered, looking grave 

Headvam ed towards 

of state, and, placing his 

-3" 



hand . he waited until those 

-iit had finished bowing. No 
gracious smile lighted up his features, 
and he returned their salutation with 
a scarcely perceptible nod of the 
head 

us majesty!'' com- 
menced the grandmaster, " it can- 
not have i:-' iped your notice that a 
serious disturbance threatens the 
peace of the- whole Cctmar. 
as well as the kingdom which is so 
happy as to be governed by your 
and prade&t rule. The infallibility 
of the Pope, so dangerous to the 
state, and invented only to bring 
princes and people under the ice] 
of the Roman Pontiff, lias provoked 
universal BOO. Everywhere 

societies and meetings are protesting 
against this usurpation of Rome. At 
Itch and Darmstadt, good nud 
learned men have taken part in the 
proceedings. In both cities, icsolu- 
were passed which your ma- 
jesty v. i'.l be graciously pleased to 

The king silently took the address 
t, and laid it upon the 
table. 

y will permit me to 
remark," I the grandma 

"that, at the Protestant Diet of 
Darmstadt, the Jesuits were specially 
gnated as the most dang<: 
ton in the service of Rome, 
and particularly hostile to the I 



482 



The Troivti or the Cross. 



man Empire. Now, as the Sv 

ta also in your majei- 
dominions, we have vent'. 
actuated solely by the- interest we 
lake in the jx-acc and political wel- 
fare of the kingdom, to humbly | 
lion that your majesty will ii 
upon the immediate expulsion of the 
above-named society. " 

• : Ate you ft Catholic, Herr Coun- 
sellor of the High Court V asked the 

cily Catholic, your majesty — 
strictly Catholic," replied the Free- 
mason, " I h' M lir.-iiiy to the Old dc« - 

I of the Holy Catholic Chui 
and shall resist witli all my Strength 
the innovation of the Inst coin 
ling to what you 
your petition asking for the suppres- 
sion of the Jesuiu do 
with such ill pace from you, 

Catholic, speak about Catholic 
:;!i.. ii...' said (he king. •• But why 

int diet should meddle it- 
self with the ecclestastu tl discipline 
Bad religious belief of CathoTii 
ood my conception. The Ca- 

but 1 never hear that they concern 
iisclvea in the slightest degree 
about Protestant matters. 1 am 
aware of the resolutions passed l>y 
the Protestant Diet of Darnel 
regret them exceedingly, because 
Duly i ■ i •'■' : ' d Is grieve 
, to disturb the pc 
in seriously embarrass governments. 
The Gustavo Adolph Society is a 
proof how, in forma times, Protest- 
Ed themselves with the 
foreign invader and er of our 

ntry sgaiost the Catholic Emper* 
or of Germany. Hostile treatment, 
tempt to suppress the 
Catholic Church on the part ol the 
state, might in like manner force Ca- 
tholic Germans to unite themaelres 
with a foreign power in opposition 
to the Protestant 



many. A laithful people arc 
need of fo: 

God and tiicir religion more thiaj 
Jo the tyranny of their father- 
land.* 

The Freemasons were astonished: 
they did not expect to hear tl 
speak as he did. 

•• You make mention of the rcsoh 
tions of the glass palace 
which were also directed againtl tie 
Jesuits." continued the I 
you believe the grave accusation! 
v bring against the Society 
of Jesus ?'• 

" 1 have the fullest < 
their truth," replied the grandmis- 
ter, bowing low. 

The king now seated hims< 
looked thi -. Ibt 

men of the trowel cast sig 
glances at each other. 

•• A ruler roust be j.i-'. : he ihocMj 

"You demand the supprw 
sion of men who are highly r 

ted by thou* 
i 
principal men of Weselheim ai 
to petition for tiie restoration - 
r, a Jesuit father. Ii. 
i am coi 
that the actions of the Jesuits e» 
respond with the Munich resolution, 
then I will not be di 

your request for the supf«s- 
sion of the so- iety ; but, 
trary, then justice must I 
He ra bell. Tl 

doors at the In. f the 

!. and the h 
gcthcr with n of 

:red, all looking 
to the result of the intu 
king rose from his c! 
r chanp 
friendly gesture, he invited the tl 
w nearer. 
\h ! Herr Burgoi a:a de- 

lighted to see you again !" said he to 



The Trowel or the Cross. 



4«3 



[oinaster, giving him his hand, 
have not become older in the 
of ihc year— 1 ming 

rw are the troul ? 
..ny more of them upon 
e?" 

most gracious king!" rcplicil 
lighted burgomaster, "the 
parish will catch trciut fur 
Ijett; 

rn glad to hear it !" rejoined 
a. "And how is your little 
haired son with the rosy 
r Has he grown tall ?" 

feet taller this year; your 
would not know hii 

councilmcn were enchanted. 
was broken. 

1 desire your pastor, the Ic- 
ier, to return to JTOU 

i king, seating himself in the 
That is right ; such a re- 
lic to you all. Pa- 
! always esteem a 
dear pcO] 
inued, '" there are some 

It is asserted that the Je- 
[ men rlangcroi :ate; 

ir teachings are destructive to 
It is further said that the 
conspire against the govern- 
that they are opposed to the 
niucnt of the people ; and I 
eforc 1 e of 

to authorize theii 

words 
i hold in 
I 

men looked at one another; 
idcntly did not comprehend 
ning of the accusations made 

• >ur majesty; 

io not understand you," 

;omastci. " We know, indeed, 

who hate the 

and who with to sec them 

utcil, none more so than 

Bm jroui majesty 

to such person 



even our Lord was accused by his 
enemies of inciting the people, of 
ig dangerous to the state; and 
they even went so far .is to nail him 
to the crow. If our Saviour would 
come again to-day in the t 
Freemasons would not be satisfied 
- 1 1 1 : : 1 they bad c -m again." 

i quick look at the 
flushed countenances of the Freema- 
sons'. 

" I ask you, upon your conscience," 

h« to the burgomaster, "if your 

Jesuit father ever taught immoral 

doctrines?" 

•11 great heaven:" exclaimed 
the excited burgomaster. " Em mo 
ral doctrines — our pastor? Why, 
your and 

he does his beit to make saints of 
the whole parish. If two young 
persons of a different sex live togeth- 
er without being a :r pastor 
never rests until both have given up 
their scandalous life and ate married. 

If eninii , and lawsuits and 

quarrels, our pastor is indefatigable 
until he effects a reconciliation. 
Thus, Our pastor b like u angel for 
our parish. Formerly there were 
many who hated each other; we 
had dissensions among ourselves; 
but now ever;, I peaceable and 

quid En the village, and all this we 
.tor, the Jesuit lath 

I the chil- 
dren is beyond belief, your majc 

Keller. ' He visits the Kb 
even' day; the children lovt: him. 

rmer times, parents had to c 

d the children 10 the 

morning and the evening ; now they 
pray without being told to do so. 
And our children are u-nt, 

an pastor impresses upon Ih 
the lull importance of the fourth 
commandment 

" Has your pastor M mem. 
the 1 ; sd the king. 

" Yes, most gtacious majesty ; he 






The Trowel or the Cross. 



has enemies, that is, three rascals, 

i would like to sec him driven 

i the burgomaster. 

i tee, gentlemen," said the 

in the offii !..!*, "that your accu- 

igaiflflt the Jesuits arc by no 

infinned." 

I K Jesuit of Wcselhcim may 

perhaps be an exception," replied the 

grandmaster. 

Fran* Keller seemed possessed 
to speak, but he con- 
trolled his impatience. 

" Your majesty will excuse me 
iag that the accusations 
i Mt the Jesuits appear very sur- 
i.: to tac." remarked F.wald. 
In the Bible, we read that the Jews 
agged our Saviour before the high- 
priests, and accused him of different 
;. Ami when our Saviour de- 
fended himself, one of the servants 
•. whereupon 
our Saviour said : ' If 1 have spoken 
evil, give testimony of the evil ; but, 
if well, why stnkest thou me ?' It 
is the same with the Jesuits. If 1 
are really as wicked and criminal as 
their enemies assert, well, let them 
be brought before the law, and be 
pun: ng to the law. 

l?ut if BOthiag can be prove; . 

:\, why continue to slander and 
persecute them, and to treat them 
like murderers and thieves ?" 

" Very well tsdd, and very true '." 
answered the h 

t gracious king, I can tell 
you what people arc against the 
Jesuits — the freemasons," began Kel- 
ler, unable any longer to keep quiet, 
tine a;c>. I heard them talk- 
ing on the Vogclsbcrg. These three 
gentlemen (pointing to the Freema- 
sons) were there, and one other. 
one with the gray beard said : 
• The trowel or the cross, that is the 
watchword !' Then they all declar- 
ed that the religion of Christ must 
be exterminated; and, because the 



Jesuits are good preachers ; 
ocs priests, therefore they 
I M to be overthrown. Ai 
aid that, when the altar 
destroyed, the thro: 
tuolhhcd. What 
most gracious king, 1 will not 
you by repeat i 

The king looked silent 
an expression of severe disph 
at the officials. 

" Will your majesty permit 

raw ?" inquired the grandi 

"You will r: «e ha 

I the king « 

" Most gracious king," cni 

the burgomaster, " be I i 

to look through the win< 

The king did as requester 
saw at the foot uf the h; 

oi WeseJaeim congr 
..'.•r— men, women, u 
They all stood with their faces 
• is the palace. Many 
upon the ground. The 
visibly at 

" The whole village unite 
festy to g 
back our dear, good, p 

." said the burgomaster. 
At this moment, a i 
appeared, and handed the I 
I too. 
•• He is very i . adm 

e '." commanded the kin; 
The delegation were att 
spectators of what was trans 
In the antechamber they hea 
voice of the pastor, who now e 
the sai>M, and was most gra« 
received by the king. The pr 
of royalty alone prevented loi 
clamations of delight from his; 
whose faces shone 
" l !-■ s k iety oj Jesus wa.- 
active during the last war," sa 
king, after certain formaliti 
through. " How 
fesuits were on tb 






Tkt Trowel or (he Cross. 



if all, your majesty — one 
•ghty-cig'nt," replied 
esuit- •• Our older members 
rare of the sick; for, during the 
ill our college* were converted 
ospitals." 

proof of hostility to the state," 
ked the king, turning to the 
:!$. M How many Freemasons 
employed in attending to the 
ind wounded in the hospitals 
; the war 

he care of the sick does not be- 
;o the vocation of a Freerr. 
red the grandmaster shortly. 
luch is said and written today 
i y power of 
I the king to th 
father. •' I have in vain endeav- 
to discover the secret of this 
; you may perbaia be able to 
ten me on the 

so-called power 
Jesuits is a mere phantom i.-:- 

1 by our enemies to excite the 
>f the credulous," answered the 

fact, the Jesuits ai 
MB, the weakest Tncy are 
jierxecuted, suppressed, 
ny places, they have not even 
;ht to exist or to breathe, as in 
hi ami Swil All socic- 

ire protected in Bavaria 
rtlons can Switzctbnd, 

t the Socici If the 

I, therefore, posscssc 
ou-er they 

not permit their members to 

8d like slaves, as they now 
[eve you, ! the king, 

rcigncr, your rev 

the sphere of your 

but now I prant you the right 

return to 

mission. I iivc many 

a blessing to the parish 

look the hand of the priesi 

^c delegation. 



" Here, you have yourpastoi 
in! Honor and obey him !" said 
he to litem. 

>st gracious king, may Al- 
[hty God reward you B I 
■■; for what you have done 1° ex- 
claimed the men. down whose 
the tears were streaming ; .•••• 
of tl»c chamberlains had not inter- 
fered, and led them out of the salon, 
they would have committi 

r hes of etiquette, so great was 
joy. 
The king now approaches 
Freemasons ; his manner was cold, 
but his eyes « K with indig- 

nation. 

" I thank divine I . said 

he, " for having exposed before my 

eyes the cunning and malicious snare 

I you sought to entrap me. 

The ] . i ue not the- eoi 

culture nor of the state; but the 
Freemasons arc. I ion 

of culture is Christianity, and not 
Freemasonry, which is the em 
of Christianity. In my king; 
the cross and not the trowel 
shall be the symbol of government. 
: teach nor prat '.ise 
a false and corrupt morality, but the 
they seek to over- 
throw not only altnrs but thrones. 

U , 
f.ilse, and perjure I for they 

have presumed t<> say that their king 
to whom they have sworn ml 

minded na 
not govern, but was g 
v.. mid be not': 

have the whole order prosecuted for 
high treason I" 

The excited king ceased speaking. 
Tne Frc^ who at first luuked 

DV trem- 
bled with fright. <y stood 
fur a while in perfect silence. From 

I ».t of the inil resounded many 

..ml 
hymn of praise, t; Te De- 



486 



t is Civilisation? 



urn, while they accompanied their 
beloved pastor to the village. 

king, who had recovered his 
self-command, now pronounced the 
following sentence: "The director, 
the Counsellor of the High Court, the 
professor of the university, and the 
government counsel] lehdorn 

arc from this time forth deprived of 
'iincc*. I shall not institute 
judicial proceedings against them, 
out of regard to the feelings of their 
innocent families !" 

The king turned, and left the talon. 

The Freemasons looked at one 
another. Upon the lips of the grand- 
master an ironical, revengeful smile 
was seen. 



•• A blow in the water will 
any oik-, if it is _i;iven uncxpe 
■aid he, " and our present 
ure is only of that 
tinucd. with a peculiar mot 
the bud, and in langua 
' obscure meaning they 
derstood. " Brethren, our lat 
small sphere arc only dUconi 
that we may resume the wor 
grander scale ; for the trowc 
Freemasons shall yet build 
that covers the grave of the J 
as well as of the smalls a 

TIk other Freemasons 
affirmative!/ to the words 
grandmaster, ar.d followed 
of the talon. 



WHAT IS CIVILIZATION? 



i BB word civilization, adopted 
into almost every European lan- 
guage, is derived from the Latin of 
ehrUat, a city, and (hit, ■ citizen, 
Webster thus defines rivufeati 
•• i; consist* iii the progressive Im- 
provement of society considered as a 
ile, and of all the individual 
members of which it is composed." 
And further : " A well-ordered state 
of socn :l ire, refinement." 

Nun-, ii i., worth while to inquire Into 
the tangible ideal of that people 
to whose language we are indebted 
for this comprehensive word. The 
•d their empire the 
appointed head) by divine right, of 
the whole world. They could not 

take in the idea of their supremacy 
being disputed, much less resisted, 
and hence the proud motto, "Civil 
Romanus sum," which was meant to 
express the tie flut ultra of human 



y. No greater honor coi 
wed upon a stranger, 
ally or conquered foe, than 
him a Roman citizen. It 
more valuable than that of* 
bad i attached to it 

neithei <1 of a M 

an Alexander could claim ; it 
polled greater respect than Ui< 
ism of a Leonidas or the uprig 
of a Socrates. Thus earl 
notions of material civilizatioi 
ruptcd the genuine meaning 
word which should always 
not for political supremacy, I 
moral excellence. Rome, th« 
of the dominant empire whi< 
vanquished and absorbed a 
two i ns of higher 

than its own, the Hebrew \\ 
:, has transmitted to the 
civilization the spirit of its in 
local autonomy. Every 



erived from the same root 
ike meaning, especially '" 

(from 
, thereby conveying the 
tons alone 
that grace and refine 
»ry to pleasant social inter- 
. Another meaning naturally 
from this arbitrary assumption 
eclion to imperial Rome. 
» mean national ss i 

ire say, fur instance, civil, 
. war. More or less all 
s of the world have adopted 
ay of looking upon i , 
s a local thing; ami, to the 
r majority of mankind, (here 
rtain flavor ol inent 

d in the terms foreign and 
jct. Wc speak in a tone of 
mccalcd pity of men from for* 
U i: they must needs 
tile lower in the scale of c Ita- 
lian out enlightened selves. 
ive not forgotten that " barb** 
and "foreigner" were terma 
nterchangeably by the Greeks, 
ur local pride still unconscious- 
■ in the most childish and 

Ke demonstrations. Nothing 
Mlcr how very arbitrary is 
|>rctation of the word 
l than our various estimates of 
encc. The Chinese who wears 
mourning smiles compos* 
ely at the I 11 ipean in his 
garment of sorrow ; and the 
ican who is accustomed to eat 
inner with a knife and fork 
i that a nation can hardly be 
ed which tolerates the use of 
Micks. To come nearer home, 
nown an Englishman of 
1 birth and position 
the hand of his daughter to a 
diplomat, a nobleman of the 
k, an 01 led gentle- 

rich landowner, for the 
reason that "he was . 



The word " barbarian " (from the 
Greek fiapfiapeQ i« given in Web* ' 

slcr's Dts/iottii/y as meaning, in the* : 
and literal sense, foreign. Barber or 
ir ma originally the 
■ part of the coast of AG 
The Egyptians, fearing an ■': 
its inhabitants, used their name as a 
term of contumely and dread, in 

h sense it passed to the Greeks 
and Romans, Thus the kindred 

Ii barbarous and barbarity have 
kept the meaning of "cruel and 

ions," hut the main stock of 
fidpfiitpoi generally signifies the two 
almost synonymous tilings, " foreign- 
er" and M barbarian "I The imita- 
tive sound of tariff was applied by 
the Greeks to the ruder tribes whose 
pronunciation was most harsh and 

..: grammar most defe I 
Dr. Campbell says that the Gn 
were the first to brand a foreign term 
in any of their writers with the odi- 
ous name of barbarism. This word 
with the Greeks had the additional 
general meaning of ignorance of 
art and want of learning, and as 
such has been used by Dryden. 
Barbaric remains to this day the 

loyrne ol foreign and quaint* 

.ied, 8S Milton, following the 
Greeks, has used it : 

" The ii>ntoou» Kit*, whh iMMt lmul, 
Mi.,n-r<. au h»r L.njj. tj,hi': (old and |>carl." 

But Dryden has also put the D 
unusual iron] barbarous for the | 
thing : 

'■ The tr.r; ken* •inblMKd wlli l-tr. 

The misapplication of all these 
t ti ns, and moi • espe ially of "civil- 
ization," is <>!' daily recurrence. We 
cannot open a newspaper without 
seeing its scJf-culogium expressed in 
the term " a Journal of civilisation " ; 
we cannot read a leading article on 
the financial prosperity of the coun- 
try without finding it confide 
stated that such prosperity is an in- 



483 



What is Civilization t 



fallible sign of civilization ; we hear 
of railroads " caj i ii/aiion" 

among the wild tribes of Central 
Africa; and we see atheism and 
false science parading their unha] 
progress as the "march of dvi 
tion." 

Now, admitting the very Just 
a we have quoted above, that 
civilization is •' the progressive im- 
provement of society us a ;. 
and of c ridoa] memlier of 

which it is composed," it seems to 
us conclusive that only one perfect 
form of it could exist on earth, />. 
that win rbhed for a short 

in the Garden of Bden. Man- 
kind in tin- state of innocence was 
ipso facto civilized, and civilized to 
the highest moral and intellectual 
degree possible to mere human 
creatures. Mad then been no origi- 
nal tin, ;md had Adam's posterity 
■ mticd in utter sinlcssncss to 
inhabit the and fruitful 

earth, we thould have had that well- 
ordered state of society in which the 

only progressive improvement would 
have been ever-increasing love and 
knowledge of God. 

But this, the only perfect civiliza- 
tion, was loM with all other precious 
gifts— incorruptibility, innocence, and 
;lit into the things of God. 
The state of grace followed the state 
of innocence, and man, having fallen 
from his innate mastership over na- 
ture when he f< II from his mastership 
over himself, found thai civilization 
and live improvement must 

henceforward mean nothing to him 
but the painful effort to regain as 
much of his former power as God 
would allow hi in . in guerdon of his 
repentance, to regain. All civil 
(ion since the Fall, therefore, has been 
only approximative, and con n 
be more than th; explains 

why the highe ttion has been 

attained only since Christianity has 



prevailed, the state of accomp 
redemption being the most p 
mankind has yet reached, 
even the state of ev 
Hebrew dispensation. It 
too, why the Jews were th 
all ancient nati 
point to Which we will refer at 
er length in anotl-.i 
the few details briefly H 
Genesis, we infer that the 
civilization after the Fall was 
means inferior to our own a; 
material prosperity was coi 
Besides the obvious callings o 
bondman and shepherd, alway 
first and indeed indispensable foi 
tion of civilized life, we find thai 
fog the lifetime of Adam, »>.. 

thousand years after the ' 
lion, cities were built and the 
cultivated. Cain was the fir 
build and organize a town, an 
descendant Jubal is called the I 
Of " them that play on the harp! 
organ." Tubal Cain was ' 
cr and artificer in ever}' work of 
andiron." Hunting and theu 
weapons were of count famili 
the pioneers of the human rac 
tradition tells us that it w 
hunting that Lamcch slew 
supposed by some to ha 
Cain, mistaking him for a wil 
It was not Ion solci 

ceremonies were inst 
appears from this pass., 
man (I to call upoi 

name ol the Lord," which 
terpreted : although Adam and 
had called upon the name ol 
Lord before the birth of theii 
and grandson Eoos. 
more solemnity in the worshi 

n of God. The 
bent of fallen m rr.j. 

the efforts of a . 
and that material chrilrzati 
could we in imagination rec 
its gorgeous completeness, w 



tion 



What is 



489 



nol fall below that of the 
pires of Assy; :, or 

surely though insensibly 
ption. The fatal beau- 
omen of Cain's race, " the 
of men," their wealth too, 
their worldly prosperity 
display, tempted the de- 
ofbeth,- the saris of God," 
few hundred years, "all flesh 
ipted its way," and " it repent- 
that he had made man." 
i the first example of the de- 
creet i ii.niril civil* 
! how faithfully has 
in all ages since I 
rsistcntly and with what un- 
rsevcrance have its de- 
jrolligacy been imitated by 
.ceding generations of man- 

ttcrrical review of each sepa- 
rmpt at civilisation made by 
MT&ed nations after the build- 
the Tower of Babel would be 
task, and its result too long 
pages ; but, before wc leave 
I of our subject to turn to the 
.bstract question of the cs- 
ilization, let us stop to 
what a high pitch of human 
had already been attained in 
o remote that, save through 
on, no memorial of them re- 
us. Wendell Phillips has 
; cd this idea in his 
1 the "Lost Arts," proving 
■fourthsofour discoveries a re 
B, that our l>cst witticisms 
rrowed from the Indian and 
ek, and that our most boast- 
e but gropings in the dark 
mc vanished ideal of anl 

In 1 more learning 

can conjecture must there not 
buried out of sight in the 
records of ante 

likeness which wc can 

nosof id corrup- 



tion. The "mighty men of old," 
of whom the Bible so myti 
speaks, were doubtless U much 
above our standard of intellect and 
even of prosperity as vulgar supersti- 
tion ranges them above our standard 
of physical strength and height. 
A rcil of mystery shrouds th 
their lives from our utmost research, 
and we know only one thing for cer- 
tain ; that is, their sin and its awful 
doom — little more than is told us 
of the fall of Lucifer and his angels, 
yet enough to teach us that all civil- 
iona which in their arrogance 
dare to defy the laws of God must 
inevitably fall beneath his tod. 

And now, what is civiiuv.tion? 
What is the "good of society COO 
cred as a whole "? 

Two things alt indispensable to it 
— the Inviolability of the family, and 
the stability of the laws of property. 
On these two pillars, humanly sr. 
ing, is society built, and wbatevei 
antagonistic to these fundamental 
' iplcs is necessarily and directly 
antagonistic to civilisation. 

PatCRIM and patriarchal govern- 
.: was the first known because 
the most natural; and, when the in- 
creasing number of families con) 
the original system and COO 
its duties, the ruler chosen to lake 
charge of the whole tribe or nation 
still loot tic than 

1 of father of his people. The 
stability uf the laws regulating pro- 
pest] all lands reckoned the 

gauge of prosperity and the test 
of national vigor. The desire of 
pcrv n, of undisputed 

ownership over a a land how- 

ever small, is a natural and legitimate 
act of man; its realization alone 
can bring with it to each in 
that independence, that idf-respect, 
which, in the aggregate, creates the 
feclingofnation.il honor, P 
04 Ul intangible virtue; I 



490 



What is Civilisation? 



from the broader basis of domestic 
«rTc >iiows the feeling of re- 

spa: tndaoed by the know- 

liaving a personal ttakc in 
r country's advancement, 'llu: 
Romans have left us tlieir motto : 
am et/otit—" For our altars and 
our hearths." If nc could no longer 
ijualiiy these H furs, what a 

interest they mutt neces- 
sarily have in our eyes! The man 
who works for himself alone is reck- 
less even if brave, lukewarm even if 
conscientious. He may do his work, 
but he does it without enthusiasm. 
11 ..■ who works tor those near and 
dear to gain or defeat] ■ 

patrimony for those who in the future 
will take his place and bear his name, 
is gentle, considerate, patient, far-see- 
ing, persevering, as well as brave 
and conscientious. But granted that 
these social and domestic laws arc 
guarded, in what else does 
civilization consist ? There are | 
thiiv . dispute the title to 

nog the highest test of a well- 
ted state of society: riches, 
political freedom, education, and rc- 
ligic men would combine 

• elements in varied quantities 
to form their ideas of civiliaaii 
Otrn link every clement but 

one. the experiment as long 

as tt could be made to minister ro 
their own private aggrandisement ; 
others, again, look for the visionary 
!ement alone, and 
lion to itself of every 
otlvcr. whether baser or nobler. We 
t say to «hich dass we hope 
Ml will show. 
ib consist in riches, 
>oal or individual ? 
.and of wealth inspires 
^hboriog people*; for 
ans Urge resoor- 
itmameat*, flourtshmg 
•wans of thwarting the 
- of levxt nations. But na- 



tional wealth is seldom attain* 
less from the basis of in 
wealth. It is impossible for the state 
to absorb and administer such ; 

tt, and yet to ca 
private citizens to lead lives 
Spartan frugality. 1 he iodine! 
cannot be made to acknowledge* 
right on the part of the state waits | 

iterfere with his o*n right of | 
accumulating capital, provided 
makes over to the government a I 
share of his profits in the shaped 
legitimate tribute. Prii 
then becomes the source of prin 

By Bad extravagance, and 
hind extravagance lurks moral i 
Factitious wants are created, an 
normal state of society is broo 
about, unmanning the body 
weakening the mind. To many I 
riches simply suggest new means « 
indulging in vice ; and to all men, via 
in the long ruu, means disease, 
tcrial prosperity has thus reached i 
apogee, has overshot its mark, 
has found a fitting pui 
physical deterioration. There is yet ] 
another side to the question, 
dinate riches in the hands of a for, 
especially if unsupported by territo- 
rial prestige, by hereditary honors and 
the semi-feudal spirit which m Eu- 
rope still links the agricultural and 
landed interests in personal assom- 

ire apt to breed class jealousies. 
and to estrange labor from capital 

I war far more terrible than m 
armed insurrection is set on foot 
and slowly undermines the political 
structure. It is true that the most 
fatal example of this kind was the 
upheaval of the French Revolution 
of 93, and that it took place under 
a monarchical government ; hat, 
though monarchical, it was not a 
feudal government, and the men 
whose birth, wealth, and static* 
marked them out as the victims of 
the people's rage were csseoualij 



[iose associations had long 
issevcred from the lam!, 
had been abandoned to un- 
.igenls or sold to ambi- 
.luriert ; and for what reason ? 
:s price might cover their nced- 
isplay at an unstable COUTi ! 
present day, where b socialistic 
Mt rife in Europe? In 
Bg towns: not in the 
Itural districts. Almost to a 
.very factory-gang is ready to 
gainst its employer; wl 
jntiy, laborers will even i 

e of their landlords. In 
met case, the master is always 
f-made" man, a man of the 
, or at least one whose asso- 
s are obscure; in the Utter, 
ater is the hereditary rcprcscn- 
of gentle blood am! gentle 
| the personal friend of each 
his estate, identified with the 
sod, and attached to the 

history has certain- 
against the theory that 
of material luxury, pushed to 

hest extent, .ire therefore times 
t national prosperity. Athens 
,t the height of he- ulti 
rivilization when the rude and 
nan conquered her au- 
y ; Rome herself, made effem- 
ly the conquering vices of her 

at the gi 

le of merely physical prosper- 

ten the n tide of the 

ians poured over her frontiers ; 

bad just grasped the New 

its teeming riches when 

i her political supremacy 

Prance was revelling in 

in Age when the I 

:c her from her 

Ett wealth has every 
JCB the herald of national 
c ; and, as if to set off this 
'et more palpably, we have the 
of Sparta and of Switzer- 



land to 100* us that, both in classic 
in modem times, frugality is the 
best preservative of freedom. 

But the existence of abnormal 
wealth as a criterion of civilization 
yet another phase. If it is pos- 
sible under a republican form of gov- 

ernmsnl tad under t constitutional 

;' i-. .-.nil more likely to It 
gigantic proportions under a <h spotic 
system. Thus the East produces 
more princely fortunes than even the 
" enlightened " West, because, wealth 
being restricted to fewer individuals, 
it follows that these few fortunes 
must be colossal. Unlimited pomp, 
dazzling trains of slaves and camels, 
a fabulous blaze of gems, a limitless 
harem, seem to be matters of course 
for the favored few whose almost 
omnipotence has become prove- 
among men as typical of the Kast. 

; t>i:<-, il' wealth be a gauge of 
civilization, we must conclude that 

! Of 
MftJI ;: i) certainly the most 

l&ble '" the accumulation of 
riches. If so (and, for the sake of 
argument, let us grant it), how thai] 
we reconcile this conclusion with 
the claims of the second and, ae- 

ting to some, infallible test of 

nation — political freedom ? 
understand by this the extreme 
of so-called self-government, the 
government by ballot and univc 
suffrage. Wc have had but I 
lately many signs of its wofui ullihi- 
wc have seen how cleverly it 
can throw the cloak of legality i 
the most unblushing frauds ; we have 
seen hired violence control the 
mediant ol government itself. Men 
who Inspected themselves would as 

i touch pitch M defile t 

hamU viith voting tickets, or stand 

up by the side of illegally naturalized 

Etna, pressed into momentary 

service by the unscrupulous inanipu- 

:s of the ballot-box. A form of 



4y- 



Wkat is Civilization ? 



gr mm w e nt which io theory is mote 
perfect than any other, and more in 
acco . -lity, 

ii sober practice has 

•ornetiinrt been found an inurJcqu.i'c 

safeguard ag icn- 

it not apt to atrike any one who 

the result* of 

I ni few yean' political wire-pulling 

M the most exalted cm 

: phrase of political 

lorn haw iiy come to 

iption, wl 

i . this second candidate 

fdf Hie patent of civiliza- 

to a Ungthei i.ssion in 

i . iion. 

more plausible 

Learning, 

lassies, nil 

i 4 man's 

nalui mot on those 

iprclers. 

. akin to 

l i like the occu- 

i in life. But alone 

•rvi ■ .iir.l When 

iit, either 

cample of 

is when 

iant 

n renaissance. 

in r dcrne, the 

i I k .'l.', lu.-.then 

i i followed 

i i i man- 

i deemed 

ivcr- 

1 1 , t l> i rottd Ktrio- 

, i ■ .nis »m- 

xeneda 



and the processions of V« 
Cupid took the place of 
solemnities. The cntiupti i 



to was 



, 



- 






I 



•ml 

i NM-aidfed 

1 the 

tten 

I «<cc 

i 

■ 



linear* 

ill it: :■; 



thus forced on the people, *ho, exb:- 
gorgeous public entertainments 
of pagan complexion, eaagl 
hollui- of their rules, 

and emulated die servile Romans of 
the empire who cried oot, Jlmem it 
cintnstt, while they blindly surrtfl- 
dcred their freedom into the crowoei" 
showman's hands. Material pros- 
perity and godless learning com- 
bined, stifled (lie lost semblance cf 
Florentine liberty under the rule of 
the Medici. In France it was atic- 
ism concealed under the guise of 
learning which prepared the wayfct 
the Revolution of '93 ; it was thedei- 
c&tcly veiled irony, and the 
unbelief of Voll 
first made the " little rift within 

The savage leaders of the 
Reign of Terror had nothing to do 
tare crown with the guillotine Ite 
elaborate system of corrupt 
ready founded by the "philo8> 

IS." 

ication without religion hu 
been as treacherous and as frail a sup- 
port to the civilization of men as tte 
icTcesthc hand of him w*o 
leans upon it; political free 
without religion has been only so- 

name for a retrograde move- 
ment towardi anarchy, and mstcrul 

1 without the controlling in* 

e of religion h.-is proved th* 
most dangerous bei ■ nwsl 

eroascuUting of allies to those ru- 

who have built then 
on its basis. 

■ i these experit 
have fallen far short of the i 

.;rde:i of Eden, and each to 
practically confessed by its failure to* 
■ of the theory it re- 
presented. The reason is - 
dent: a system which under 
guide the complex workings of an- 



What is Civilization .' 



493 



urc cannot afford to disrc- 
of nature's manifold in- 
^nd, by obstinately refusing 
place to all legitimate as- 
overbalances itself, and falls 
r later into a trap of its own 
I cannot govern man 
his animal wants alone or 
his intellectual yearnings 
more than you can rule 
through his spiritual in- 
must be fed, clothed, 
tme, but this .-.ionc wilJ 
.lis reason tries out 
pment and exercise, and 
puts in a claim to the 
any one who would under- 
rulc him. It is true that 
t an angel, and thai 
alone would not alhty his 
t it is equally true that he 
ute being, to be abundant- 
:d with good fodder and a 
His nature is threefold : 

(intellectual, ami spiritual, 
equal recognition of 
phases. Neither mere 
dressed to the contentment 
*er instincts, nor mere edu- 
political advantages ad- 
to the satisfaction of his 
". aic enough for his , 
soul is a higher region yet, 
which den. more 

ly an adequate amount 
m. This soul it is v. 
■ I and blinded a.-. ;t bul 
i is in mere worldly system* 
ation, ends by grasping, like 
pports of this 
iviiizaiion itself, and in 
strength of despair drag- 
ee fabric in ruins at its 

remains one more clement 

ill claimed by a brave 

, as the essence of all true 

*i, and that is religion. 

nost comprehensive cri- 

well-ordered " state of 



society, for it includes all the rest 
as a matter of course. K 
not incompatible with the posses- 
sion and accumulations of wt. 
as some erroneously suppose, but 
requires tliat such interests shall be 
amenable to the dictates of modera- 
tion, and of charity; she does not 
scout learning as an ally, but eaj 
i long as it k< 
within its province ami does not 
its power to stifle the spiritual 
lure of man; she is no enemy to 
political freedom or to any particular 
form of government whatever, but 
■ irmly resists the clai-i:s to om- 
cb c. cry Strong BOY- 
crnment, whether popular or absolu- 
tist, has in the hour of its wori 
triumph invariably made. With a 
wisdom the counterpart of that which 
equalizes and controls the various 
forces of nature, religion holds in her 

ions, 
and i ■ ties of man, and balan 
according to a divine standard the 
proportions in which each one may 
be legitimately td She sub- 

ordinates the low. ti ons to 

the hiyher, in exact proportion as 
the Iowet nature of m . or 

should be. subordinate to the 
she places delegates in iior 

:-, that there may be no violence 
done t'j the spiritual order in further- 
ing the interests of the material ; she 
bids honesty watch over the legiti- 
mate increase of wealth, integrity 
temper tl in the 

cause of political freedom, a: 
rence guide them in the pursuii 
learning. She gathers up these 
gle threads of our lives, and, weaving 
them into a triple cord, imparts to 
them a strength which her blessing 
alone can confer, and which individ- 
lid never i Bed. 

It is she alone who skilfully Ln 
within thi each of the poor, 

the i I, and of the ignorant, 




494 



What is Civilisation t 



those theories which in the mouth of 
..dly apostles seem either poeti- 
cal dreams or subversive and social- 
istic principles. It is she who is the 
true reformer, the true progressist, 
the true patriot. But why is she so ? 
Simply because she is also the only 
true conscrvatrix in the world. Her 
mission is to foster the good, to seek 
it out, to make it known, to as 
late it to herself, to absorb it into 
her system. Material good is not ex- 
cluded ; wherever it is, it belongs of 
right to her; whether it be old or 
new, foreign or native, it matters not, 
religion takes it into her bosom, 
gives it immortality, sane lions its 
use, recommends its adoption. Being 
founded on the rock of truth, she can 
safely stoop to draw from the wreck 

:ror any fragment of good con- 
buned in it, whether it be i scientific, 

eraiy, or a domestic addition to 
the stock of ideas which is the com- 
mon property of human oature, and 

of which she stands the perpetual 
guardian. This broad, open-urni 
fearless, progressive spirit is the 
nearest approach to the ideal of the 
lost paradise: this is civilization — 
this is Christianity. 

i example of the superiority 
of religion over any other tot of 
CivtUZOlioD, let us return fbt ;i mo- 
ment to what we have said of the 
Jews. To the only reasonable and 
lined conception of the Godhead 
> d to the nations of old, they 
added the only worthy conception 
i duties and responsibilities. 
Their domestic system was the only 
iich woman bore a seemly 
tetr political organizati 
whether i ■ • ndci Wo ■■ ;and 

his "rulers Ov mis, and OVtt 

hundreds, and ovei ind over 

te:is " (tl . ,n Afterwords 

I'alent in liic Roman army), or in 
•K* xviii. •*. 



the land of Chanaan under the Ji 
cs, was essentially self-govc 
federal, and independent. 1 
were minute in detail and stri: 
in execution, not only after thw 
establishment as a nation in Cii- 
naan, but during the fony yean of 
their non;;' ncc in the *§ 

demess, a per: ii with »tj 

other people would have been o« 
of irremediable lawlessness. Com- 
pacts and treaties are mentioned r» 
the Bible even before the direct se- 
gregation from the world of what «« 
afterwards known as the people of 
Israel. Abraham and Lot agreed 
solemnly and peaceably to 
the differences between their follu»- 
crs, by each tribe taking up itsabofc 
within certain given limits ; Abra- 
ham and Abimelech came to a pub- 
lic understanding, the former re 
to do the heathen and alien kudo 
no harm, and the latter 
well of which his servants had pos- 
sessed themselves by force; 
ham insisted upi 

fair equivalent in money to the 
Hethitc who offered him graft's the 
funeral cave of Mambrej E 
made between Isaac and 
formal marriage contract ; 
when he had voluntarily 5 
birthright, though at the bid.i 
necessity, was bound to hold 

cession; Jacob made and faith- 
fully kent with ins umlf 1 .iban *n 
engagement to give him his i 
fur fair wages for a given number of 
years. Such social compacts, rigor- 
ously adhered to even when made 
with idolaters, are among the most 

icing proofs of the hi 
of a country's civilian-.. 

strange, ive con 

with the rude polity of nations 
at that time and even many ages 
later, knew no right of property save 
that of forcible possession, &-.. 
guarantee of good faith save 




What is Civilisation T 



495 



sword could enforce. Alien- 

he duties of hospit. 

prominent lign of civiliia- 

i characteristic of the Jews. 

v Biblical examples 

at it is impossible 10 

he div. .c coruuiu- 

fixed orders of occui 

recognized sign of B 

te of society. Of course 

many others were held by 

in common with several 

* hcatltcndom, some emi- 

liexl for heroism, for 

r lean ft yet 

.11 the polished net 

had not some festering sore 

erism. ..uii, or bar- 

Dceal beneath its fair 

dazzling «* dvili/ation"? 

: of God, on the contrary, 

representatives vi the true 

free from such social 

d, even when their history 

by scenes of mysterious 

is universally admitted 

d of God was working 

hem, and that they ■ 

ISUuril ■''. in the 

power mightier than 

turc,orthc "arts of peace," 

some the representative of 

an, wit an honored calling 

r Hebrews, The riches oi 

d of Booz were fields ami 

promises of future pi 

red through Holy Writ 

jrs typified by "fields i 

ritances and 
the soi ightcrsof 

i.erdsancl 

as each tribe of its landed 

ns tl en acted that 

should intermarry only 

. es, under pain of 

.1 to the legal por- 

So care- 

condii land ami 

were ly inspir- 



ed laws of the Hebrews that they 
provided every seven years a sc 
of r© ie land," 

when for a twelvemonth the 6 
should not be ploughed nor the 
vineyards pruned, neither any fruit 
forced to grow and produce by , 
ficial means. It would take a vol- 
ume to develop this my 
superiority of the chosen people, 
regards even material civilization, 
over every other contemporary na- 
tion during fully two thousand years. 
They saw whole systems ol 
economy rise from barbarism, and 
fade away into polidi ige, or 

disappear beneath the heel of con- 

thl •• v. A u: 1 nation. 

and die, and drop out of the memory 

of mankind as compl''' arao's 

by die 

of the Red Sea, and yet they stood 
firm and imk-itiuuible, with un- 
changed laws, with fixed customs, a 
people small in number, but great in 
in, invincible as the sun, 
immovable as a rock. And why ? 
Because their political cxi 
their social system a 
truth, and controlled by religion. 
The Hebrew nation was the one 
holy ami only DUO church of those 
me reasons 
which gave the Jews thai 
imal vitality, I I ristianity is at this 
day in the van of civilization. 1 
thing we have said of the one applies 
to the other; the signs which we 
Mich prominent features 
in Jewi .of orders, 

I nl- 
turc, good (ail oily 

I and federal govern- 
ment — whence have they CQDO to 
\\c say it uheritadi ghjr, I 
Christianity. To pot it into plainer 

uagc, let us say, from the chi 
and chiefly through the monastic 

These armies of peaceful conquer- 



496 



Wkmt is Chilis* 'urn t 



on invaded Ike montrs and forests 
of the North, and, carrying with 
them all thai made the Hebrew sys- 
tem divine, planted that very system 
in the midst of the l>*Tb lr **n hordes. 
The monks were the first agricultur- 
ists, tbe first nwhanirs, the first en- 
gineer*, of ocr modern civil nation. 

x need to tetl again the story of 
their giant labors and glorious suc- 
cess? Alter teaching us bow to 
bold our booses, to till oar fields, to 
protect oar rights, to clothe our bo- 
dies, they taught us how to beautify 
our lives by art, and store our minds 
with learning. They gave us cathe- 
drals, that we might know how glo- 
rious was the God they taught ; they 
gave us Roman, Greek, and Hebrew 

. that we might sec bow liberal 
was the Master they served, 
laws under which all European na- 
tions and their offshoots now live 
were framed on the model of the 
Canons of the Church, themselves 
based on the Tables of the Mosaic 
and tlic sciences, the literature, 
and the arts, of which we in our pyg- 
my self-glorification are so proud, 
have been painfully transmitted to 
us by the patient labor of monastic 
scholars. Christianity in the person 

these heroic pioneers has paved 
the way for all the civilization we 
can boast of, and those who seek to 
divorce civilization from Christianity 
thereby disown their very title-deeds. 
Once blot the church out of the 
map of the world, and civilization 
will speedily follow. Thank God 
that that, at least, is now impossible ! 
Having therefore inherited all that 
made the Hebrew system the most 
perfect approach to the ideal of the 
Gar.' . Christianity tUi 

to-day in the position of the only 

iaMLte representative of true civil- 
ization. For one thousand five 
idred years, Christianity meant 
Catholicism, and to the reign of her 




.!'-. Ban :' ■ ■ivtuwcji 
important discover)-. 
progress, tbe world has 
Wfcjr then, when we face t> 
world which owes it to tbe cbu 
it is strong enough to face an; 
do we meet everywhere 
preach of intolerance, of 

b the reproach true 
in the days of S. C 
false? Have we char 
church changed ? If not, w 
the fiu 

It lies, as all human mistak 
the confusion and p 
The world in its aberration h 
cd against its teacher, and 
itself with the weapons tha 
a practised and steady hand m 
ly wield. It has erected i 
tribunal at the foot of God's 
and judged the Eternal from 
point of view. If the i 
ness were not so I 
it would make one smile p r 
sum] ■■: R it has the po 

damning a human soul, and 
trating the work of God him 
Calvary, so that wc dare not 
at its arrogance, how 
ridiculous soever it may be 
merely philosophical point < 
It ii this aberration of the 
mind which for the last three c 
has dubbed Christianity as retr 
. the Pope's Syllabus n> 
difference clear between 

. and its infidel counter 
world cried out that he was 
grade. " Sec " it said, " he coo 
the liberty of the press, the 
of association, the right of s 
piead of cdu 
he would have heretics burnt 
stake, and all Protestant sov 
deposed from their Hirer 

Was it so ? Wc know tha 
not We know that it was th 
not the use, of these things wh 



To a Friend. 



497 



led, and that the denuncia- 

f error is a very different thing 

he extermination of that error's 

Vc know this, and the 

t) knew it, hut it suited the 
of the world to say other- 
gad to raise against us the ch- 
ance, fanaticism. Well, be 
oc tan- 
which that cry u raised, 
it the world the meaning 
words as intolerance and 
who led the way to the 
nee without which the liberty 
i could not ev 
" Mion, it is true, is of a 
order from that now in 
It is a civilisation which 
of iron ships and mon- 




ster armies; it can subdue and hu- 

obe by other methods I 
bullet and the shell. It tolerates all 
and any customs that do not strike 
at morality; it can adapt itself to 
nation, and make itself all things 
to ail nun. It does not pin it* : 
tn the color of the skin, the fashion 
of a garment, or any social conven- 
tionality; it does not supersede in- 
dividuality, cither personal or nation- 
al, but engrafts itself upon it and 
makes it serve a higher purpose. It 
docs not address itself exclusively to 
one branch Of human development, 
but cultivates them all, cacli in [l I 
turn, making them subservient at 
last to the spiritual interests of the 
soul. 



TO A FRIEND. 




Ik ever, lady, any w line, 

to thy own heart 
any sense of comfort or of peace, 
My sorrow that before was half divine 
Becomes a joy ' and I would never part 
With its it \ Why should sorrow cease 

That makes one happy ? I would rather t v. 
Roses than cypress round a grief so dear ; 
And I could set as in an emerald shrine 
That sadness ia my soul fur evermore. 

I gladly would I live that evening o'W 
Thinking of thee! Not vain, amid the scenes 
Of that proud park, my mood was, from the shore 
Watching the slow state of those crmincd queens. 



Grapes and Thorns. 



GRAPES AND THORNS. 



Tin M :mo* or ■• tiix mousk or nut. 



CHAP. 



A i.l.ANCE fKOT* M*. SCHONI.XCER. 



Num bal people of routine ever 
wed their prayer-books while P. 
.reuse was reading or singing 
M.:-.s, and it was seldom that even 
i people used them the first time 
heard him ; for it was not enough 
that those who assisted should unite 
their intention with that of the priest, 
and then pray their own prayers, re- 
called now and then to the 
the : t'ueir whole 

attention was riveted there from the 

:ietrating voice, which 
enunciated en ex- 

ile clearness, speaking rapidly 
ante so earnest, was h. 
throughout the church, and its vivid 
basis gave new life to every 
prayer of the service. When F. 
.1 Dtmim ivbiicumf 
replied as a matter of course — 
would as soon, indeed, have ncglect- 
■'< answer face greeting 

Oq the street tbc altar; 

the . ! the la- 

the Do. 
nan sum digitus, one felt confounded 
ami abashed. 

it. then, you asked yourself, 

the first time this priest had said 

U he should stand so like a 

who sees a vision? No; 1". 

C'h- il been fil 

he, perha; lect 

more high than the . or 

a superior unctitr? No. again; 

ugh a clearer mind or a nobler 

soul one would scarcely 

see. The peculiarity l»y 



chiefly, we should guess, .in 
impassioned, and generous 
which, like a strong fountain 
tag up its freshening tid 
flowed his being, and made 
driest facts bud and blossom 
nially. In that heart, n 
of Jife ever faded or grew 
possessions were dowered 
freshness of immortal youth. 
II, these gifts might ha 
illy ineffectual if nature 
added to them a sanguine 

:, and the priceless btc 
a body capable of endurin 
and pi !•'. 

was spared that misery of 
intelligence and an active 
pent and thwarted by 
incompetence, the soul by 
turc constantly compelled 
mandates to the I 
body by its weakness 
i rapelled to disobey. In 

'■• had 
elbow-room, and could ran 
selves without crowi 
sion; and the bro;; 
deep chest shows 
breathing the flame of life 
ned. id was al«i 

yet there was no sign of 
head : the eyes were steady 
dose-cut gray hair grew k 
to form aero. 

For the re<t. let 
We respect the privacy of 
soul; and, though we wo« 
show him real and adni: 
sketch F. Chcvreuse 






Grafts and Thorns. 



h'i 



495 



hurch of S. John was a new 

led one on l.'liurch Street, 
cct ran cast and west, paral- 
i the Cocheco, and hall- way 
South Hill, which here sloped 

: ut the buildings on the 
ide had one more story at the 
to in front, and those on the 
■ide one more story in front 
: the rear. In consequence 
deceptive appearance, those 
:ed to put the best loci 
referred to live on the upper 
ough it doomed them to a 
ight in their house?, while 

■ought more of comfort 
' display chose the Other side 
touthv *-ge. 

church was set back so as to 
square in front, and its en- 
was but four or five steps 
;he street ; but at the back a 
itcd basement wax 
priest's house stood 
> the street, on the eastern 
this square, and :.:> near that 
» the back corner of its main 
id the front corner of the 
tliere was scarcely spa 
sons to stand abrr 
passage, screened by a yard 

:i railing, gave access to 
Sight i that led to the 

r.ts of the church and of the 

from the front, this house 
:t'e. melancholy, rain-streaked, 
in be re- 
«u a blot u]X>n the 
church, or an adrai 
is one had a mind to | 
tor opened almost on the 
i beside the door were 
nal v. 
In the '-I'lce above, ano 

was set between 

of the roof. 

• opposite the church, 

the next 

i» more cheer- 



ing. You saw there an I, as n 
as the main building, though not V) 
deep, and projects so as to 

give another street door at the end 
of a veranda, and allow space for 
two windows at tic r-.-.ir of the house. 
This 1. was ,'s pecu- 

liar ii e house was I 

of ti: . or.i and 

bedroom were here; and no one ac- 
quainted with the custom* of the pi 
ever came to the veranda d 
less they could claim 
friendship with tl I mother. 

The ] - .wo dismal front 

windows beside the entlW 
used as a reception -roo k of 

that was the priest's private sitting. 
room, with two windows looking out 
ou the veranda, and one window 
commanding the basement i 
of the church, the pleasant gfl 

Ce around : of 

stairs that led up to the ttR .. I 
Chevreuse's arm-chair and win, 
table always stood in this window. 
d them was a door leading 
into a little lag a 

strong desk where he kept pa] 

' he 
took an occasional nap. 

Up struts were two slceping-r. 
down-stairs, as t!i 
kitchen, i 

rooms occupied by Jane, the cook, 
and Andrew, tl b There 

pace enough in the house,' and 
it had the charm < i but 

from the street, as we have said, ii 
was a melancholy-looking structure. 
I'. Chevreuse. however, could • 
have been better pleased with it I 
it been a palace. Within, all •■ 
comfort and love for him ; and he 
ptoba r looked at 

side. The new Church and 
^grossed his thoufcl 

Mrs. Chevreuse was not so in 
•• 1 1 would not look well for nic tn 
•<* up on a ladder. 



5 oo 



Irapcs and Thorns. 



walls," she said to herself, her 
only confidant in such M 
if it could be turned insidc-ou- 
one day, I would quickly have it 
looking lew like an urchin wiih a 

No one could doubt this assertion 
after having seen tl 

tie of tl.: 
There si go up on a la 

llOHt shocking any one, and from 

basement to attic the place was as 

fresh as a rose. But the nicety was 

ncvi. : ic, Tnis lady's housc- 

ipecttvt was admirably 

lOgcd, and her point ©f view the 

■nliness and order 

dwelt with her, not as tyrants, hut 

as good fairies who were visible only 

1 looked for. If you should 

ce to think of it, you would ob- 

re that everything which should 

be polished shone like .. ; that 

the while was immaculate, the 

s dear, and the furniture well- 
placed. You might recollect that 
the door was never opened for you 
by an untidy housemaid, and that 
no odors from the kitchen ever salut- 
ed your nostrils on entering, though 
Ml the Mail me- 

1 a fragrant wdcou 
Now, bou a know that the 

observance of all these little dc : 
of order and good taste involves a 
.t deal of care and labor; but 
uses forget that their 
. its prim . 
rm when the care and labor are 
mad i. It cannot be denied 

that the temptation is strong now 
: then to 1( I know by what 

pains we prod ie apparently 

;i:h he takes as a 

matter of course; but, when Ate 

Ided to, the results 

e to be entirely pleasing. The 

;•!'}■ man becomes afraid to 

walk en Oil! carpets, to touch our 

door-knobs, to sit in our chairs, eat 



with our spoor 
pipe on o-.ir best table -i 
i a knot, 
onfidence with which he 
wont to ask that an elaborate 
t be prepared for him in 
mishes from his face 
rainbow tint that leaves the 
behind. 

tells you resignedly, 
incipient dyspepsia, in his 

The free motions that 

feel infinite space about 

ate no more. The anxious 

pulls hb toga about him in the 

undignitit: -graceful 

should upset a flower- 

In fine, the to 
of our neatness sti 
and down his days, till he would 
seek refuge and rest in disorder. 

:l»er Chi : cw all ni 

and behaved herself in » 

heroic a manner that her son newt 

suspected, what was quite true, flat 

the unnecessary steps he caused be* 

it make several miles a d 

■ morning after early >la» 

toward the last of ta«A 

herself in the arm-chair by the •*- 

dow, and watched for the priest If 

come in from the church. '! 

a part ofhc-rdailj :me,an! 

only time of d:i et oci 

she call, 
his breakfast, they did not meet, 
. till supper-time; 
they had cornpan 
F. ChevTeuse 

mother had perceived that, when the* 
dined together, there had been I 

lc between the sense ( 
and courtesy which made him wi*V 
la entertain her, and the abstraction 
iturally felt cf flK 

cares and labors of the day 
ever on the watch leit she shoo'.J a 
any way intrude on his vo 
had herself made this arrangement 
The fact that he did not oppose it 



ifficicnt proof that it was 
to i. 

, mother was the softer t; 

n, as though what you ■ 

in granite you should first 

x. There was the same 

ng of health, 

th, arid activity, the umc clear 

the same thick gray hair 

ing a forehead i Ethan 

>ih differed as 

ccs did ; chccrful- 

>nd good sense were common 

h ; Iju:, where the priest was 

glive, the woman was dig. 
lly her i icned, for 

lid of a black rube showed 
one standing just inside the 
1 door. 

red, hit h 
. 
nt/ully dounwaid. Seeing him 
,'.\ you .ire sur- 
to find him only ni 
. A: the altar, I cared 

You might wonder, too, 
beauty his admirers fo:r. 
But scarcely hud :. 

f in your mind, before it 
•liantly answered. The 
into a shadow, 
and into sunlight; ai 
imotc him, lie lifted his head 
i and a smile broke over his 
beding about, lie fronted 
The river-courses had 
out a de ecn 

the he tide of 

red in and filled that from 
lricd over the green 
ike wine-froth over a beaker. 
iood gazi:? : and un- 

it, his face illuminated from 
as i. tout. It might 

J of I it was of 

m BI ike, that, when th 
id not sec 

like a guii in in- 

: company of the 



hosts crying, ' 
Lord God Alought) 
The mother watched, but did not 

interrupt him. She knew well 
such moments were fruitful, and 
he was storing away in in.-, mind 
precious vintage ofthat spring morn- 
ing I it forth again at R 
future time fr., 
of a spiritual significance, 
of God," she called such moods. 

He threw his head back, and, with 

a swift glance, took in the wh 

scene; the Reckless blue overhead, the 

Lthered city beneath, the 

lights and shades that p i the 

I greensward .it his i 
turnio it, hil mc-l .ing 

face — .1 fit climax for the morning. 
" Boh jour, Mire Chevreuu ! " he 

barrttU. 
As he disappeared into the 6 
Mrs. Chcvrcuse went into her own 
Bitting-ro from his, 

and gave R last glance at the t- 

I fox his breakfast, 
preparation was not clabi ■■ 

.id by the casteni window 
. . . and 

spoon, and a napkin; and J 

wing the \ ■ stairs, add 

a dish of oatmeal pudding. 
P. 

the entry, and threw the 
street door wide open, then c 
buck singing, M 1 

O yc gal tor) 

shall con 
he catered 
sett!. 

created things are more like the K 
of glory than light and air ? 'I 
are as his glance and his breath." 
The look that met his v, 
■ [he words thai 
were scarcely an answer to h 
tion. "Your ■ 
F. Ch 

He took no heed, but, < 1 

walked to and 



with a step that showed flying would 
have been the more congenial mo- 
tion. 

•~ he exclaimed, "th 
terics of human nature are as inscruia- 
ble as the mysteries of God. Would 
angels bclierc, if they had notscer:, 
that a Mass I >rn- 

bcre in the midit of a crowded 
■ i of per. 
sons to assist ? Why was not the 
church throng i worshippers, 

and thousands pressing outside to 
kiss the foundation-stones ? V 
I turned with the Ecte Agnxs I 
why did not all pre«nt fall with their 

. to the floor? And when V 
Honora Pembroke walked away 
from the communion-railing, why did 
not every one look at her with won- 
::on? — the woman 
who bore b. B her bosum ! 

now, when the sun rose " — 
lie stopped and looked at his mother 
. a combative air — •' why did not 
the people look up and hail it as 
-net of the Almighty?" 
her Chcvreusc smiled pleasant- 
ly. .She was used to being set up as 
a target for these unanxwer.: 

-, especially in the . at 

was likely to 
be, as Jane expressed it, "rather 
high in his mind." 

- 1 f you your breakfast, 

■ 

look of aversion at the t. 

held his fru; -Idered a 

. recognued the propriety of 

ncc, finally seated himself 

cc, and began to eat with a 

good •• You were 

quite right, my My," he remarked ; 

atl i ity creai 

are, those bear 

not be supposed that F. 
Chcvreuse w« so never 

to eat except when urged to do 



On the contrary, he took good i 
to keep up the health i 
necessary for the performance i 
multiform 

a large \ 1 a 

disci- in allowing others I 

fast. " Some fasting is almost as 1 
as feasting," he use! 
side.-. ; the health, 

soul. You look down 
when you have dined mode 
but, when you have fasted i 
ately, the idea of dinner is 

■>ecomes n coi 
to starve, : 
down and raise 
of nothing but roast 1 
cisrn is no: an end, 1 

■ I other," he said preset., 
down his spoo 
the oatmeal and milk I get 
are better than that 
where else ?" 

■• Children a!-.. 
they get at ho 

.^et abroad," si 

should she tell him that ■! 
he called milk was cream, and tl* 
the making of 
a fine-.trt, whi 

line, and prec< 
precept, till every grain ■ 
according to rule, and the rn 
the pudding-spoon 
a soncci ? Instead of I., 
he would have be 
know that so much pains had bete 
taken for him. 

" I like no ea mfort 

has cost any one mm 

ild say. Like nrt* 
persons who have been $: 
petty caret of life, he d 

no earth]) tl to any or 

Is not a p 
Breakfast over, t 

promptly abo: 

Mrs. ChevTcuse, shutting the <* 



Grapes end Tlwrtts. 



503 



>ms, brought lier 

t 10 the stand where the 

n, and seated herself to 

t in a ioulau<. 

a pleasant room, with its 

low toward the church, 

positc one looking over 

nd the distant hills, sod 

comfortable, with 

venient tables, and 

always within reach, 

ipen fireplace v. 

,ve at mid-tummcr, without 

bonier • lome time 

11 then, if the day 

or overcast, the fact that it 

utnmcr did not prevent the 

of Mother Chevrcusc's bel- 

rac. From this toon n I 

om behind it could be 

still nights the dashing of 

among its rocks. 
Chcvreusc worked and 
The sunbeams sparkled on 
jots, needle*, boil! 

■right th d in 

asket, on her eyeglasses 

1 the smooth- worn 

cr wedding-ring, and the 

leAlj to and fro 

not a lit! He* 

; not those 1! 
outh so like spider's webs 
>, that glitter only n 
ning dew is on them : the 
of hei apestry c: 

though begun on 1 
severance could 
into fruition. And all 
hile hand and heart slip- 
fro, the lady was 
ing that went on in the 

nd Andrew ■ 
xt room with th 
the sound of voices while 
orders for the day, 
go eh ' ••wn-slairs, 

rough 
Presently the clumping re- 



sounded outside, and, glancing across 
the room, she saw the old man stand- 
ing on the basement stairs, hi 
a level with her window, lookin; 
her across the space that in; 
and gesticulating, with a twinkling 
i.niil. 

Mother C.'hevreuse, still holding her 
went and threw the sas.li up. 

" I think, madamc, begging your 
pardon, that 1 can dean these just 
as well as you can," R u-w, 

with a very positive nod and a little 
shake that set all the glass drops 
twinkling and tinkling. 

" Do you, Andrew ?" relumed mad- 
amc pleasantly. "Very uell. then, 
you can clean them, and save me tl 
trouble. Hut don't forget to rub all 
the whiting out of the creases." 

Andrew changed countenar.cc as 
he tunic .: tit tu descend 

the stairs. Mrs. Chevreuse had been 
lually taking the care of the altar 
Erora bis rather catclcss hands, and 
this had been his diplomatic way of 
ing the candlestick cleaning of 
tint day 

He hobbled lira again dis- 

comfited, and the lady went smiling 
bark lo her work. 

"It is all very well for Sharp's 
' she remarked, threading her 
needk 1 " but 1 don't like being tired 
■I 1:1 ihat spiral manner." 

, again with hand and 
heart, she heard Jane going ab 
like a neat bov machine di 

.thing in 
place, severe on interruption, mcrci- 

1 11 nud or dust, ever read) 
have a skirmish on these groi 
Andi rattle of paper 

from the next room, as letters 
parcels were Opened, the Bl 
of 1'". Chevreuse's quill as he wrote 
answers to one or two o 1 
or made up accounts, and the little- 
lap with which he prcs- 
upon the letters. 



.--; 



Grafts and Thorns. 



How peaceful and sweet her life 
was, all site loved within reach, all 
she hoped for so sure! She breathed a 
sigh of thanksgiving, then dropped 
her work and listened ; for the priest 
was preparing to go out Every 
morning was spent by him in collect- 
ing for his church. He had found in 
Cnchton a thousand or more practi- 
cal Catholics, with one shabby old 
chapel to worship in, and nearly as 
many nominal Catholics who did not 
worship at all; and in three years, 
with scarcely any capital to begin 
with besides faith, he had raised and 
nearly finished a large and beauti- 
ful church, and gathered into it the 
greater part of the wanderers. 

" Be prudent, my son !" the mother 
had warned him when he began what 
seemed so venturesome an enterprise. 

" I am so," he replied, with deci- 
sion. u It would be the height of 
imprudence to leave these pcoplt- 
longcr straying like lost sheep. When 
the Master of the universe commands 
that a house be built for him, u . 
me to fear he will not be able to pay 
for it ?" 

She said no more. Mroe. Chcv- 
rcuse always remembered to distin- 
guish between the son and the priest, 
and was never more proud of her 
motherhood than when her n.i: 
authority was confrc the 

supernatural authority of her child, 
-he always sighed when he start- 
ed on a coJIccting-tour, for his faith 
had to be supplemented by hard 

work. ten be on vara 

with fatigue, and depressed by the 
sights of poverty, sorrow, anil sin he 
Iiad witnessed. 

AH had gone well with the church, 
however — so well that a new enter- 
prise had been added, ami a convent 
school was. just making its email be- 
ginning in Crichton. 

•• Is madame visiMe ?~ asked a 
voice smothered against the door. 



" j. she answered 

and the priest j ;d in. 

"Say a little prayer : 
for F. Chcvreuse to-da 
"for he is collecting for the 
note." 

"Ohr She looked anxiously 
him, and met a reassuring smile 
return. 

"Never fear, mother I" he 
cheerfully. «• Do not all the 
and lands belong to God 

" Certainly !" she answered, 
sighed to herself as he went a' 

y true they all belong 
God, but I'm afraid the devil m 
some very heavy mortgages «• 
them." 

Later in the day. Miss Forio 
called for Mrs. Chcvreuse to go oe 
and visit the sisters at the nev mo- 
vent " I have taken all I cmH 
think of this morning," she said, soi 
enumerated various useful artidei 
" 1 suppose they want nearly every- 
thing." 

Mn. Cbevreuse commended ht 
liberality. u But I am glad yoo did 
not think of corda 
u for that is the very thing I did re- 
mcml 

She opened a large basket, md 
laughingly displayed a collection ri 
ropes and cords varying from coi 
othes-line and curtain-cord W 
balls of fine pink twine. "Jane 1 * 
clothes-line gave out yestcrd 
said, "and that made me A 
this." 

Miss Ferrier gave a little shiver 
and shrug. "It is very nice *A 
useful. I know ; but ropes always re- 
mind me of hanging." 

•'Naturally," returned tbi 
tying on her bonnet : '• that is their 
vocation." 

" But hanging is such a dreadS* 
And the young •°" 
man shivered again. 

• Why, my pictures seem tC 



s. Chcvrcusc replied, pcrsist- 

w, really, madame — " 
w, really, mademoiselle," was 
ghing interruption," what has 
ur thoughts on such a track 
rning > If you want my opin- 
■ abject, I cannot give it, 
avc none. Ail 1 can «y b 
I thought any one were d«- 

kill me, I would instantly 
md sign a petition for hi 

id leave it to be presented to 
pernor and council at the pro- 
le. Think of something pkn- 

1 am ready now. Wc will go 
ough the house." 

locked the veranda door, and 
: key in her pocket u I have 
i give Jane an order. Jane !" 
Jed, leaning out the window, 
•ad appeared from the kitchen 
it beneath, and the mistress 
er order down the outside of 
asc. " It saves so much going 
i down stairs for two old wo- 
«hc explained. " Now, my 

r went into the priest's sitting- 
ind again the door v, 
them, and the key this time 
o a nail over the writing-table, 
a moment," said madamc 
nd began picking up bits of 
scattered about the room. The 
bad torn up a letter, and ab- 
dropped the fragments on the 
instead of into the was: 
d a brc«c had been playing 
icm, 

>w provoking men are," re- 
irier, stooping for a 
nt which a puff of air inslant- 
{ht away from her. 
: Ihey ?" asked Mrs. Chcvrcusc 

" I do not know, I have so 
> do with them. Most people 
voking sometimes, I dare 
ing made a second ineffectual 

tafti per, the young 



woman had not patience enough left 
to bear so cool an evasion. " P. 
Chcvrcusc deserves a scolding for 
strewing this about," she said. 

mother glanced at bet with 
that sort of surprise which il i 
disconcerting than anger. S 
Fcrricr blushed, but would not be so 
silenced. 

you should oblige him to pick 
them up once," she continued, " that 
would cure him." 

Ijjge biml i mo- 

ther with a mm new, 

'• I never oblige F. Cbevrause tO do 

anything. I should not dream of 
calling his attention to such a trifle-. 
He has higher affairs on his mind. 
Now wc will go." 

Their drive took them through the 
town by its longest avenue Main 
Street, which followed the Saraaae 
• source. School chil- 
dren in Crichton looked : 
Street as their meridian of tongiti 
and were und dial 

it reached from pole to jx>le. It 
crossed the Cochcco by the central 
one of throe parallel bridges, dim', 
straight up tlic steep North Hei 
and stretched out into the com 

convent grounds were on the 
west bank of the Saranac, twenty 
I of rough land, roughly enclos- 
ed, with an old tumble -down house 
that had been a tavern in the early 
days of Crichton. It was. a desolate- 
looking place, with not a ttee nor 
flower to be seen, but needed 
time and labor to become a little 
Eden, 

In the eyes of Sister Cecilia it was 
even now an Eden. Her sr 
and generous nature, made still 
brighter by a beautiful I i en- 

thusiasm, saw in advance the bin 
and fruit of implanted trees, and 
seeds yet in the pi dl of de- 

light to her was all this planning and 
labor. 



Irapts and Thorns. 






She was out-doors when the car- 
riage drove up, in earnest consultn- 
lioo xitli two workmen, directing 
laying out of the kitchen-garden, 
and, recognizing her visitors, hasten- 
ed toward them with a cordial vtcl- 
,-. Sister Cecilia was a little 
over forty years of age, tall and 
graceful, and had one of those 

U •:- that show heaven i* aire. 
begun in the heart. When she smil- 
ed, the sparkling of her deep-blue 

ior. 

M.i the labor?" she e*. 

rd, in answer to a question from Miss 

Ferncr. " Indeed not ! I was so 

i :ned with the idea of coming to 

|hb 8 that I had a scruple 

•bout il, and was almost afraid I 

ought not to be indulged. 1: is 

always delightful to begin at the be- 

, and see the enect of your 

, " 

She led them about the place and 

a grove «as 

to be planted) there the path would 

be trained against 

: 1 don't sec any stone wall," 

■ ■■ 

1 see it 

the land 
which will save us a good deal 
of money; and we are very like 
hare some work done for nothing. 
Do yoa know how kind the laborers 
are to pb ? Twenty men have offer- 
ed to do each a day's work in our 
garden free of charge. Those are 
two of taem. Now, here we are 
going ta have a Large at bo: 
with hooe y s uck le and roses. It must 
be closed on the east side, because 
there will be a river-toad ODtskk 
wall some day, and we should be 

e from it. But the ta 
will be all open, M we can *it under 
the rose* and look down that bea 



sec the knoll was made on purpose 
for an arbor." 

they went into the house, t 
slender shape glided past in the dusk 
of the further entry. The ligl 
a roof window, shining down tie 
stairs, revealed a face like a b>J 
drooped a little sidewise, a weilii 
of brown hair gathered back, and a 
sweet, shy smile. It was as though 
some one hail earned a Bgb! 
waxen taper through the shad 
where she disapj>eared. 

" It is Anita F exdaii 
Fexricr, stopping on the threshold 
the park j did she not 

to us r 

:ca 

"She !:::. ;i piano lesson to 

this hour, and would not dream of 

turning aside from the shortest rosi 

to the music-room. If you were kn 

own mother, Mine. (Jhcvreuse, «h* 

would not come to you without pet* 

OB, Ycl such a tender, lu-rrag 

fore. OOe- 

diencc is the law of her life, Ni 

g she will I . itiste 

The house was looked over, uV 
other sisters seen, and the offcrwp 
brought thcn> duly presents 
acknowlc I 
started for hofl 

S Ferrier was rather silent at* 
they were alone. She had not fa- 
gotten the reproof of the n 
and she felt aggrieved by it. Mn> 
tease had known that she «* 
but jesting, and mi l*en a 

little less touchy, she the 
was the matter that almost every o« 
' was finding fault with her 
Her mother accused her of hewj 
cross and captious, her 
her exacting, and Mrs. Gerald h»d 
thought her too assuming on one 
casion, and yet all she was 
sdoui of was a blind fee! 
some such sense as deep 
may have when the sky grows 



a ana 



rnt. 



507 



; tree above. Little things 

: would : like 

wind Don- had power to 

r shrink, as tlie lightest 6 

a sore; and trifles that had 

her pleasure now fell 

il flat The time had been 

e mere driving through the 

er showy carriage had c 

n she had sat in delighted 

sness of the satin cushions, 

: harness and wheels, 

1 of the band on the coach- 

d the capes that flutter- 

alders. Now they 

3 gave her a feeling of in- 

st, a:. self 

knew not why. If any 

anccd across her mind that 

was eating into the very 

if her rose of lite, and the 

•red merely because 

as withering, she llinl 

and kept seeking here 

for comfort, but 1 

onora was the only per- 

ever really soothed her; 

me reason, or for no rea- 

Hnnora's soothing now 

ictil a sting that was keenly 

possible she is resenting my 
thought Mrs. Clievreuse, 
cd herself to be pleasant 

but without much sue- 

and she had no disposition 
iL 

not so good-tempered as I 

the priest's mother thought 

potted, with one <>f those 

tdgni a the good 

as often as the bad. 
enier drove on homeward, 
no need to toil the co 
ch way to drive, nor how, 
ew perfectly well that he 
ake his horses prance slowly 

nk Strc 
vice office up one flight of 



a granite building, Mr. Lawrence 
Gerald bit his nails and fumed over 
a clerk's desk, and half attended to 
ben while inwardly prolest- 
ing against what he called his 
fortunes. Perhaps his desk faced 
window, or maybe his coinpa- 
1 were good enough to call his 
attt-: ; for it seldom happen- 

ed that litis Furrier, up, 

did not see him waiting to 
to her. He did not love the girl, 
but he felt a trivial pride in coal 
plating the evidence! of that wealth 

h was one day to be his ml 
he should change his mind. He 
dmktcd the possibility 
of the latter alternative. 

To-day he was not at the window ; 
but his lady-love had hardly time to 
be conscious of disappointment, a | 
she saw him lounging in the door- 
way down-itairs. He came ISsthatly 
out as the carriage drew up, and at 

. Canhu- 
sen appeared from a shop near by, 
and finned them. This young lady 
took a good deal of exercue in 
open air, and might be met aim 
any time, ys with the 1 ... 

news to tell. 

" 1 congratulate you both," she 
in her sprigluliest manner. 
••'1 11 ..! dreadful organist of yours ha 
pal hti wrist 1 d cannc 

play 1 or two. Isn't 

it del : She la: 

"Haven't you heard of it? 
yes ; it is true. It happened this 
morn a he came down the 

dark stairway in his bo use. 

He tumbled against the dear old 
balusters, and put bis wrist out I 
never before knew the good of 
dark stair v. 

•• Why, Lily ! aren't you ashamed ?" 
remonstrated , smiling 

faintly. 

«• Do you think I ought to be 
ashamed ?" inquired Miss Lily, 1 



rapes and Thwits. 



an ingenuous expression in her large, 
light-blue eyes. 

•• Yes; I do," replied Miss Ferrier, 
much edified. 

•' Weil, then, I won't," »M the 
tv conclusion. 

- 1 am sorry for Mr. Glover," 
I Ferrier remarked grav>. 

" Now, ray dear mademoiselle, 
please don't be so crushing!)- good I" 
cried the other. " Vo u know per- 
.-.t he plays execrably, 
and spoils the singing of your beau- 
tiful choir ; and you know thai 
would be perfectly delighted if F. 
Chevrcusc would pension him off. 
Don't try to look grieved, for you 
can't.'' 

'• I don't pretend to be a saint, 
Mi« Carthuscn," said Annette, drop- 
ping her eyes. 

. 1 I don't pretend to be a 
sinner," was the mocking retort. 

Mr. Gerald smiled at this little 
duel, as men arc wont to smile at 
such scenes. It did not hurl him, 
and it did amuse him. 

" But the best part of the business 
is that F. ChcTTCUM has asked Mr. 
ScbSoingi lay in hi; 

pursued the news-hringer. 
written a note requesting him to i ..:! 
there this ever.: 

Miss Ferrier drew her shawl about 
her, and leaned back against the 
cushions. She had an air of dis- 

ing the subject and the com: 
which, n:it being either rude or 
affected, was so near being stately 

Mr. Gerald wtt pit tsed wWt it, 

and, to r- : an invi- 

tation to lunch. 

" I had just come out for my daily 
said ; "but ifyoM will 

It* "II me — " 

She smilingly made room for him 
by her side, and drove off full of 

delight 

The afternoon waned, and, as 
evening approached, Mi reuse 



sat in her own room again, w, 
priest to come hoi 
sited her sick and poor, looked 
to her household affairs, stepped n 
the church to arrange some 
flowers, and se lilest* 

shone with spoilt 

BO* trying to interest herself 
a book while she waited. 
hard to fix her attention; it 
stantiy wandered from 
Jane had heard and told he* Ql 
accident to their organist, and 
rumor that Mr. Schoi 
to take his place; but had 
tbe news by any means 
the glee of a i :.uscn. 

the contrary, it had seemed » 
mind an almost incredible 
that a Jew was to take any 
service performed before 
whereon the Lord of heaven "U 
enthroned. To Jane's mind, ever 
Jew was a Judas. That he cootf 
be moral, that he could adoit 
Creator and pray earnest 
for forgiveness of his "si 
did do instant believe. 

worst criminal, if nominally aCsth*- 

n her eyes infinitely 
able to the best Jew in the 

'• Andrew declared it was to 
sme, and that he carried a 
that Mr. Schonrnger before din**.' 
iid,conclu MatiM 

"but notli 

till I hear F, I hevrettM 
his own mouth." 

■ i Hi ! well, don't distress y 
abOUl ." her QUI 

rhaps it is a 
take; but, if it i liessre 

that F. Chevre 
always has good re: 
does. Besides, we must be ctari- 
table. Who knows but the serried 
of the church and our prayers mi|H 
by the blessing of God, convert taH 
man." 

"Convert a rattlesnake! 



I SB* 



Grapes ami TkOi 



509 



much excited to be respect- 
re. Chevrc.ise, though she 
en soothingly to her subor- 
was not herself altogether 
She was a woman of large 
heart ; yet, if any one people 
. 1 juk last in her regard, 
Jewish people. Moreover, 

ling had occurred 
■■: blank look over 
ion left 0:1 
is an unpleasant one that 
s something dark and m 

^c it wiil all lie right, 1 
red that she 
imbed for such a cause, 
solish to think of it." 
Street door ra opened and 

cusc's fa-.! 
hear. iight step 

entry. Dropping her book, 
•A involuntarily at the found. 
lect to a woman « this nightly 
home of father, son, or hus- 
Ile came in, went to the 
vtci, and opened. and closed 
then returned to the sitting- 
ire w up the comer window, 
lich he could sec into her 
it. ami seated himself in hi* 
r, leaning forward as he 

;on across 

I work was as nearly 

lid be. In the morning, 

go out to meet his duties; in 

they must seek hiro. 

if their social life had 

ind though subject to con- 

crniptions, so that scarcely 

time were left them 

-•rrcourse, they were 

Mich what they could get. 

Chevreuie put her book 

I the door between 

.Ing-rooms. "Father," 

immediately, "is it true that 



you are going to have that Jew play 
the organ at S. John 

The priest rose hastily, and his 
mother's foot was arrested on the 
threshold; for just opposite her, 
coming into the room from the enl 
was v Carthusen, leading a 

little girl by the hand, and foil' 
that Jew"; while, in v.r.i 
perspective, like a than I 00 

the horizon, gloomed the 6ge 01 
Jane, the servant-woman. 

The silence was only for the space 
of a lightning-flash, and the flash 
was not wanting; it shot across the 
room from a pair of eyes that looked 
as though they might Scar to asl>es 
what they gazed upon in anger. 
The next moment, the eyes drooped, 
and their owner was bowing to F. 
Chevraoa 

Miss Carthusen was perfect';, 
possessed and voluble, seeming to 
ird nothing. " This little 
wilful girl would come with Mr. 
Schoiiingcr, madame," she H 
'• a ml, u bt is not going back, I was 
> cone and see her home 
again safely." 

The truth was that , who 

boarded in the same house with the 
gentleman, had encouraged the child 
to come, in order that she might 
accompany her. 

but he showed no other embarrass- 
ment It was the first time I 
Mr. Schoningcr had en: 
house, and he welcomed him with a 
more marked cordiality, perhaps. 
account of the unfortunate speech 
which had greeted his coming. 

J arc welcome, sir ! I thank 
you for taking the trouble to come 
to me. It was my place to call on 
you, but my engagements left me no 
time. Allow me to present you to 
my moti Chevreuse." 

. mother ■ had probably nevet 
been placed in so disagreeable a po- 



5io 



Grapes and Thorns. 



sition. but her behavior was 

.blc. The man she bad i:iv 
tarty in«ilted was forced to admit 
that nothing could be more perfect 
than the rcs]>ectful courtesy of her 
salutation, which maintained with 
dignified .sincerity the distance she 
really felt, while it expressed her re- 
gret at having intruded that feeling 
on him. 

'• Yet they talk of charity 
thought; and the lady did 
a slight curl of the li;> which was not 
hidden by his profound obeisance. 

The introduction over, she left Mr. 
Sch: o the priest, and took 

refuge with his little friend, sine; 
could not with propriety leave the 
room. The young lady was not 
agreeable to her. Mine. Chcvreuse 
had that pure honesty and g 
sense which looks » iih clear regards 
through a murky and dissimulating 
nature; for, sfief all. it is the deceit- 
ful who are most frequently duped. 

Miss Cartliusen went flitting about 

the iking herself quite at 

home. S I ed a rosebud from 

B bouquet on the mantelpiece, and 

fastened it in madame's gray hfttt 

I her fingers as light as snow- 

ly- abstracted the 

glasses the lady held, and put them 

on over her own luge pale I 

,; Glasses always squeeze my eye- 

:i," she said ; " not that they are 

so very long, though, at least, they 

are not 10 long as von 

Amim's little goose-girl's. Hers were 

two inches Ion ihei girls 

laughed at then. 10 that she v. 

id cried. Pert 

■..' a i irtMB pOIBt, eyelashes AM 
like :•, and cease to be a 

virtue. Who rS it tells of a young 
lady whose long lashes gave In*. 
overdressed appearance in the morn- 
ing, so thil one felt ::■- though she 
ought to hate a shorter set to come 
down to breakfast in ?" 



Mrs. Chcvreuse observed 
II the striking difference bets 
the trio men who sat near her 
ing, :.y one could sec. s 

and fiery natures, yet so ui 
temper and manner. The priest «u 
electrical and demonstrative j l< 
uttered the thought tliat rose- 
mind; he was a man to rooredc 
crowd, and car.- 

ardor of the other was the Heath; 
glow of the burning coal that but 
be hidden in darkness, aud hesbtask 
with fastidious pride and distrust sress 
any revelation of the deeper fcelinp 
Id iu check ere 
bis passing emotions. He »«U 
have th that Marque * 

Noailles, quoted by Liszt : (>:■■'■ 
guere moyen de causer de quoi qat a 
soit. avet qui que ee toil ; and, doubt- 
h st, he ii id found it so. 
F. ( ■ had explained BJ 

: their oi was disaiAd, 

anil i no one capablr of 

taking his place. If Mr. 

: consent to take chai 
singing, he would consul 
great favor. 

Mr. had no ci 

ment which would prevent ImdoJf 
so, and it need not be looked on * 
a favor, but a mere matter of 
business. His profession was m«t 
F, Chcvreuse would insist on fee- 
ing obliged, although he wool ' 
the pleasure of expressing tli 
ing. 

Mr. Schoninger intimated : 
perhaps i he sboskl 

meet the choir an hour before i 
evening service. 
The priest had been aboat 
the same suggesric- 1 
since the time was so near, would v 
very happy to have his visitor uk 
. r with him. 

o, but 1 

Nothing could be a 



Grapa and Thorns. 



5t« 



he point, nor more utterly 
frozen, than this dial" 
1 evrense shivered, 
little Rose— Rosebud, they 
her — to him. 
hild went with a most c 
mingling of shyness and 
cc in her air, walking a little 
-, as a ship beats 
the w: rjg way in spite 

He- red cheeks growing 
a tremor strui: ling with a 
her«mallmoutli,t> 
ossora allowed herself to be 
the stranger's knees, her 
ting her frier.d"s for courage 
ngtb. 

Schixiinger smiled on Ins 

i temlemcw which gave 

a new character, and watch- 

. reassur- 

pcttcd her till he won her 

to himself. His own expe- 

itions of his people 

ght him to look on the 

- most d-. 
at; yet r.mv, in spite of all, 
rt relented and warmed a 

one of her mini 

iter than to take an apparent 

;ny proof of 

;nc of the worst persons 

vcr kr.rr.Tn were excessively 

nest person, i Ihev- 

niilarly y. 
ing. 

the notice bestow- 
by all, yet, with a ] n 
ress, seeking that 

sment, the child ghu 
■m in search of some 
Hi r rvi ; were can 
•ure of the Madonna, 
who is that pretty lady • 
mg-ring round her 
out. 

1 F. Chcvrcusc, "is .1 
■ora 



The little girl glanced apprehen- 
sively at her fnend — perhaps she had 

vord 
Jew in his presence- m .1 

■ pin it light flicker u 
looking keenly at tiic priest, si 
trying to fathom lus intenti 
the man determined to win him in ■,. 
of hi] coldness? 

tag proselytes, thil ting 

delicacy anil tenderness? He 
not wish to like F. llhevreuse: yet 
what could he do in the presence of 
thai radiant charity ? 

" 1 think our business is done, sir,' 1 

priest became matter-'/ 

" It is . for me to 

make any suggestions to your good 
■ hut I may be | 
d to remark that our service is 
not merely asthctic, but has a vital 
meaning, and 1 kc the mil 

to be con. iiestly." 

•' I shall make it as cat "iir 

com 
cian replied, with a slightly 1 

:-j them, 
il one of my composers who a 1 
the music of the Staid A/.i/o. 
1 pirouetting and • 

woes of the Queen ol 
sorrows? The world accuses B 
sini of sho >ntempt 

. I votll 

:.: of no- 
thing but the rhyth ! vowel- 
sounds." 

' ' ■ 
crs," the Jew retorted, " who set the 

1 heard on 
your church last Sunday loan ail 
gay as any dance tunc? If 1 
words had been in Knglish bate 
of Latin, it would have 
blasphemous." 

F. Chcvrcusc made a ge. 



JM 



Grapes and Tlioms. 



resignatioo. "What can I do if 

musicians arc not so pious as the 
painters, if they will put the s 
in the statue, and the sense in the 
pedestal? My only refuge is the 
Gregorian, which nobody but • 
will tolerate. I am not a com- 
poser." 
The call was at an end, and the 

rs went. 
As soon as they were in the street, 
Mi*> Carthusen observed : ' 
that F. Chevreuse adopts hmo 
method of cure: he am, 
fine ointment, not the wound, bu 
sword that made the wound." 

She had been annoyed at the little 
ttte i to herself in cos; 

with lac liown the priest's 

mother, ami wished to find out if 
Mr ;>t any resentment 

ird Mint. Chevreuse. lie 
her inquisitive, unscrupulous eyes 
5 his face in sidelong glances. 
e priest was very courteous 
to me," he replied calmly. "And I 
should think that roadamc might be 
a very agreeable person to those she 
likes." 

The young woman EaM ch- 

ed into a glowing eulogy of the 

priest's mother, till her listener bit 

He was not quite ready 

to be altogether charmed with the 

■ \ni!, b p r vp O S of medicine," said 
Miss Carthusen lightly, " it has been 
revealed to me to-day who the 
homceopathist was." 
" b it a secret ?" 

■ It was Achilles," she replied. 
" Do you not remember that nothing 
but Achilles' spear healed the wound 
tlut itself had made?" 
As soon as they were gone. Mine. 
reuse turned to her son. " Need 
I how sorry I am ?" she exclaim- 
ed. 



nai ix 



Tears were in her eyes. She 
touched to the hea: >ugh « 

must have been deeply roc: 
should still not have failed for a oo- 
ment to treat her with even mere 
than ordinary courtesy and aflcctice, 
to show their visitors that tx 
did not dream of reprovii 

■• i knew that you felt worse 
it than I did, dear mot 
taking her hand. " And th; ■ 

us both that it is not cr.oqb 
to be cautious in the capret 
our tl We must allow w 

uncharitable feeling to remain in 00 
hearts." 

irder will out,'" he adied 
more lightly, seeing her reomi 
" And, alter all, isn't Mr. Schiioisger 
a fine fellow ?" 

Madame made no direct 
She could not yet be cnti 
about the Jew. " I think w« 
bare supper," she said, and ks! 
to look after Jane. 
" O m 1 did you see tic 

look that man gave you ?" cried lie 
girl. 

•' No matter about that." the udj 
said calmly. " It was unfortinn* 
tlut I should 
was coming. 

to give s<>: . visitors *£ 

[ in, and not introduce tifl» 
in that noi y." 

Madame held, with the Duketf 
ngton, that it is not wise to *£■ 
cusc one's self to a servant. T»* 
humility, instead ol 
provokes to insubordina 

•• I was coming n ** 

chambers, and met them »t ti 
street door, madam*," Jane saw 
haste to say ; "and I though: ro« 
would hear the steps." 
•Very well, Jane; it's no 

re you do your duty fai:hfulij- 
iow wc will have supper." 




Church and Stale in Germany. 



S'3 



CHURCH AND STATE IX GERMANY. 



laws for the regulation 
ent of the relations be- 
h and state in Prussia, 
lisliment of what Prince 
alls a modus Vivendi bc- 
k»wct spiritual and the 
joral — laws which have 
roval of the liberal and 
ess in Europe and Amer- 
stantially as follows : 
jssian citizens who wish 
ecclesiastical functions 
ulate at the star- 
ter matriculating, they 
the university course 
irs. On concluding their 
I studies, they must pass 
le examination; that is 
e university. No t 
tdmitted la III* frvslhood 
ii/y I At stale in this exam- 

i of new (ccclesias- 
laries, great or small, is 

The seminaries already 
1 be placed n : 

and are forbidden lo re- 
iholi i 

:tc for the pricst- 
i nominated by the btsfa- 
roved of and install- 
5cc by the president of 
:c. The bishop who 
a candidate otherwise 
:onlancc with the law, 
ished by a fine of from 
a 3,750 francs ($150 to 
e candidate submitting 
ir.ation shall be punished 
from 3 francs (75 cts.) to 

jstica! disciplinary power 

exercised by c 

3 oj German nationality. 



The ecclesiastical functionaries who, 
by exercise of their functions, trans- 
gress the laws of the state or the 
ordinances of the civil authority, may, 
at the demand of that civil autho: 
be deposed, if the maintaining of 
their functions prove incompatible 
with public order. 

A single question nay not be i" 
appropriate here: Why all til 
Why mu^t all Prussian citizens who 
wiiii tu embrace the ecclesiastical 
State matriculate at the univcr- 
Whal .special advantages are either 
they or that undefined thing called 
the state likely to derive nun this 
icuiation ? Matriculation is a 
very small thing at the best, and 
Catholics do not object to it even in 
a state university, as in London, 
where tl.ey do not p0s*c«5 one of 
their own. But way 1 : 

l>ass 
it ? The matriculation cxamina' 
as it obtains at the London Li hn 

ty embraces a hod^c-podge of s; 1 
a great part of which is lute 

scrv ice to the clerical student in his 
caTccr. All the subjects arc touched 

1 move " .1 iingc 

course; but he 1: iturally devotes his 
attention particularly to those w 1 1 
relate more especially to his vocation. 
And when the state forces a man 
who is studying to be a priest to at- 
tend a -.. course of three 
years, it steps out of its province, and 
commits a useless and tyrannical act- 
As for the final examination at the 
cml of the course, S. Paul cert 

could nevot bwe paned it t<> the 

satisfaction of the present Prussian 
state — a man who taught such dan- 
gerous doctrines as that Christ was 



5>4 



Church ana 



term**}. 



rt above all principality, and power, 
and i irtue, And dominion, and every 
name lhat is r.ameii, not only in 
world, bat abo in that which is to 
come." 

- is no need to pursue this 
part of the subject further. It must 
be plain to everybody that tliis 

n of the bill is simply aimed at 
preventing candidates from aspiring 
to the priesthood it .ill, and hindering 
those who are perverse enough to as- 
pire from becoming priests — a view 
which is strengthened by the clause 
following. 

The candidate for the priesthood 
whom the bishop wishes to ordain 
and appoint must first meet with the 
approval of the president of the pro- 
vince, and not only meet with 
approval, but be installed in his office 
it is to say, tlic candi- 
date mint not be what the state would 
call an nhramontane — in other word*, 
a Catholic; i lation is practi- 

cally transferred, if that were possible, 

I the bishop to the state. V. 
CftO the -ident of the province 
possibly know about the candidate, 
an utter to him ? Or how is 

fitness or unfitness 
for the divine vocation? Is the 
president of the province for the 
future tc a course of theolo- 

gy, so =s to 1 n his duties? 

but it is needless io pursue this in- 
quiiy. 
Jesus Christ, when he called his 
tics, never consulted Pilate or 
Herod. II ■ Bought not men for the 
. who were learned in the 
m of the Khools: poor, igno- 
rmen were the foolish ones 
whom he chose to i the wise 

and convert a world. Humanly 
speaking, and to human eves, the Son 
foseph the carpenter was himself 
an ignorant man. There is no rc- 
cord of his studying, as did S. I'.uil, 
"at the feet or" Gamaliel." The 



apostles asked no man's pa 
to preach; they consulted 
crs in "the imposition of 
they carried on all the bust 
the church, they ordained 
communicated, without ever 
ing the president of the 
which they happened to be 
successors will continue to 
same. 

In military matters, for 
which are purely state al 
interference of the pi 
province would be resented, 
martial try offenders — the 
may not touch them, and 
ident is ever called in to 
the appointments to the 
milium grades. Why not 
ply because, in plain nor 
none i In ess. 

It seems foolish to cxa: 
theme so closely, so flagrao 
violation of all common sei 
not to speak of legal right 

,ii io ia thc/nvV-' 
an ultra-liberal organ — so 

. thai it despises "i 
liberalism" — giving its hca 
currence to these measures, 
ground that priests are out 
and the fittest judges of i 
are men of the world, si 
rs, and bl .en, 

more clever, better ed 
brisker in ever in th 

— with much more to the 
Regarding its charg 
the c.lvT^y arc less fitted 

ion of educatio 
men of the world : 

In the Catholic Church, the 
ty of Jesus is the principal 
ing order of modern times. 

ling ordei soctedt 

les .mid others 
sessed of excellent < 
schools. There are also 
leges belonging to each 



Church and State in Germany. 



5'5 



control of the respective 
Moid '■■■', s!l education 
ome to us through the I 
• clergy; and the Catholic wri- 
ho have come out from Home, 
,ouvain, and other purely clcr- 
:ntrcs, even in these cnlightcn- 
ivs, might possibly stand the 
; test of comparison with the 
s on the 1'cll Mall Game. 
lot to wander into so v, 
is this, the Ihll Mall may be 
rd to its own columns for a rc- 
>n of at least a gTeat part of 
tiarge. 

ast year on the expulsion 
I Jesuits from Germany by the 
power which has framed these 
or the education of the clergy, 
■•. are •• al- 
enough to take one's breath 
"the same journal said: "One 
r most remarkable traits of the 
y of Jesus has always been 
rary productiveness. Whoever 
embers went, no sooner had 
bunded a home, a cnJlcgr, a 
tegan to write 
, The result has been a nut 
are. not theological alone, 
h chiefly that, but cmln 
t every branch of knowledge." 
1 of their work i:i the particular 
sion which the /!«'/ Mall itself 
I at present — there is no know- 
may not come to be in 
Iturc if its principles arc only 
:l out — it "In Italy, 

ray, Holland, and Belgium, the 
trustworthy critics arc of opin- 
lat there are no better-written 
apcrs than thove under ! 
1- 

iy ci pauant; and, as it 

n more satisfactory to let those 

e of the church answer litem- 

, here is the opinion of the 

r upon this partitu- 

:cct answer to 



" Is an age of the world in 
few men know what is truth or 
whether there be truth, one in which 
would ask statesmen to dcter- 
nine its limits? We suspect that a 
race of statesmen armed with such 
powers as Prussia is now giving to 
her officials would soon cease to show 
their present temperance (I) and SO- 

.y, and grow into a caste of i 
Dion ecclesiastics of harder, drier, 
and lower mould than any of the 
lies they had to put down. 
. . . To our . c absolutism 

of the Vatican Council is a trifling 
danger compared with the growing 
absolutism of the democratic temper 
b is now being pushed into al- 
most every department of human 

:<:t." 

On the larger question oJ nV 
gcrs of modern univ..::. hies, the opin- 
ion of one of the keenest i 
English statesmen was given in un« 
nii.takablc language at the annual 
meeting of the Church Con- 
year at Leeds, The Marquis of Sal- 
i-.luiry is quite as true an I 
man as any writer on the I\tll Mail 
He, and his words may be I 
red to possess at least equal 
bt with those of the disting'i 
ed journ..! ed 

Referring more immediately to the 
abolition of the "Test Acts," by 
which the state bad hitherto guaran- 
teed to overlook and prevent the 

teaching Of infidelity, he laid : " All 
hindrance to the teachi: iel- 

ity has been taken away, and that is 
the great danger of the future. The 
great danger is mat Um d be 

formed inside out 

!ly. I fear, inside Oxford— a 
nucleus and focus of infidel teaching 
and influence; not infidel in . 
coarse or abusive sense, but in that 
sense in which Prof, Palmer used 
the words ' heathen virtue.' I fair 
that the danger we have (a livk It is 



5 i6 



Church and State in Germany. 



that urw* tettegti in Oxford may in the 
future flay a fart »ndtar * that tiis- 
asfn/msfart tehieh the German tenner- 
titiei have flayed in the deehristian- 
not** of the uffer and wuddlt this- 
et." And the only advice be can give 
to England now b: "If the parents 

Kngland who send their MB 
these colleges will be alive to the 
heavy responsibility which is now 
bid upon them, then perhaps we 
may have a better security, a better 
guarantee, than we have bad that 
Oxford - be the means of 

uprooting Use Christian faith which 
they had learnt at home.' 

These words of the real, if not the 
nominal, leader of the conservative 
party in the British House of Lords, 
who at the same time is, or was when 
he delivered the speech, chant 
of the university of Oxford, are 
worthy of attention, and may be 
commended to that fussy little terma- 
gant, the lad Mail Gautk. They 
hare been doubly corroborated since 
.nother British s tat esm an whose 
testimony on snch a subject is of at 
least equal weight with that of the 
ultra-liberal journal, inasmuch as he 
is the leader of the liberal party — the 
present Premier of England , in his 
recent great speech at Liverpool. 
which was principally devoted to ex- 
posing the errors of Strauss. 

Passing on to the other laws, why, 
considered merely front a financial 
pomt of view, should the creation 
of new s em i n a ries , great or small, 
be prohibited? This is controlling 
the private pane with a vengeance. 
The Prussian state, or Prince B»- 
marck and the piosessordom. forbid 
ay body else to erect 
semmaries. Ofossarat, 
this aneaas that Prussian or Gemma 
youth ate in feature to be rihiaMui 
only in the state schools and uai vrr- 
MtK*. If thev want to become 
priettt, they aanst learn their tacvfagr 



.1 some 
mary n> 



as best they may; at 
shall be no schools or col! 
them to study i.ose 

in existence are to be placed 
state surveillance, to receive 
pupils — in a word, to be clo 
converted from the puq>osc foi 
they were 

into state scln :ale 

ors at their head, which is 
though Gen. Grant swooped 
on all the banking-houses 
United States, set them und< 
ernment control, and bade thi 
crs go about their bi 
yet Catholics who find 
to object to this summary 
dealing with their property 
they considered were their ri 
told that they are traitors 
state, conspirators against the 
and that they only object in 
obedience to a mandate from 

This measure was well 
Its trainers said : We have 
the Jesuits; we have banishc 
gious societies of every deser 
we have abolished the 
marriage; we have banished 
from the schools; we now 
to abolish ecclesiastical u 
altogether : that is to say, we 
the priesthood, we abolish 
far as Germany is conceroe 
men shall worship us and 
Dteme power. 

What ebe docs this law 
It strikes out the pricsthoo 
and branch, as effectually as 
penal taws ia Engl 
so. The next clause fits in 
The bishop who nominates 
date otherwise than in ace 
with the law is fined heavi] 
there are a good number of 
and as they are likely 
the law in this r esp e ct, 
ensure a constant revenue 
state as long at least as they 
lowed to remain in the counts 



al disciplinary power 
icerciscd by ccclc- 
lorities of German n 
' course, is a Uow struck di- 
t the Tope in his capacity of 
il head of the church ; indi- 
X whoever may hereafter be 
ed as bishops of the church in 
iy. It simply forbids the Ca- 
jishops and priests to obey 
iroands of the Holy See, and, 
d out, would be. subversive of 
ile edifice of Christ'* cl. 
ts divine Founder made one, 
>le, and CATHOLIC. "Co 
:fcrc, • h mil nations." 

Jismarck aims at carrying 
Bolanden calls " the Kus- 
ihe erection in Germany 
: popedom. And again 
arc traitors to the state for 
ig to ugh il is an 

nent Introduced into Article 
« Prussian constitution for the 
: of nullifying that truly bu- 
ll wise measure, which was to 
wing effect : 

Evangelical and the Roman 
C Churches ax well as all 

Higious *■■ may admin- 

ulate their affairs in pcr- 

edora. All religious so< 

ntinuc in the possession tad 

rnt of their institutions, foun- 

. fu i. lis destined lur Vol 

struction, and charity. 

is the law that works in Eng- 

thb country, and wherever 

! name of freedom is known. 

the Cuho h little to 

it. The justice, the 

. necessity of substituting 

iw those which appear at 

of this article, will be ap- 

that same article very 

and fairly provided that the 

r,ht of nominating, proposing, 

>!fic« 

:>urch l« in; . with 



the single exception of ecclesiastical 
appointments in the army and in pub- 
lic establishments. 

taw worked to the s-i 

lion of all parties — the state, the 

Evangclicals,*nd the Catholics. The 

state never complained of it; the 

igclical Church never com- 

Ded of it ; the Catholic Church 
never complained of it. Why re 
verse this order now? Why, after 
handing the disciplinary power over 
into the hands of the church, ami 
after having proved it so satisfactor- 
ily for half a century, do you BOW 

;.I the exercise of that power by 
authority which is not of Gen 
nationality ? The constitution of the 
Catholic Church is exactly the same 
now as it was when that article was 
drawn tip. Tht Catholic bishops 
were not self-appointed Who COnJ 
red ccclesixst. try power 

. e iirr.t msi.ihi :• ■ 'i he church 
through its head, the representative 

of Jesus Christ, who is not of Ger- 
man nationality ; who, I I the 
Catholic Chinch, is of no nationality ; 
and to whom in tint capacity the 
question of nationality does not 
apply: for the laws of which he is 
the keeper refer tu the Spiritual part 
of man's nature, the moral order, 
wht< h in all men i* the same, and 
which takes as little color from the 
accidents of place or climate as it 
does from the or the wh 
new of the skin. 

,>e obeyed: in 
framcrs evidently were assured of 
this fact, for they provide that the 

ccclcvastical I .ries who, by 

exercise of their function*, transgress 
the laws of the state or the ordi; 
ces of the civil aui iy, at the 

demand of that authority, be de- 
posed, if the maintaining of their 
prove incompatible with 
public or. 

means the destruction of the 



5 i8 



Church and State in Germany. 



Catholic episcopate, or its total sub- 
serviency to the state. " I will strike 
the shepherd, and the flock will be 
dispersed," said our Lord on a me- 
morable occasion. That is precisely 
what Prince Bismarck says: Take 
all power out of the hands of the 
Pope; destroy the bishops if you 
cannot win them over to the Kate; 
strive to set priest against superior, 
by idling bin that, if ha disobey, the 
voke of his church is powerless to 
affect him whilst the arm of the state 
supports him. Swell the ranks of the 
'• Old Catholic " party thus, and we 
shall Ion c a schism on the church ; 
after a short time, the people will go 
this way and that ; the true shepherds 
gone, the flock will be dispersed 
the nation is ours to do as we please 
with, for there is no longer the \ 
of religion to rue up against us: the 
people are ripe for the worship of 

Observe the steps which have led 
up to the present consummation from 
the foundation of the German Empire 
two years ago. The Jesuits, the van- 
guard of the church, arc driven out 
Win- p Pol conspiring against the 

empire. Proofs ? None. 

All the other orders are driven out 
for the tMM fCMOMj and with the 
like proofs of guilt. 

The universities arc placed in the 
hands of infidels. 

The nt taken from the 

hands of religious, and placed alto- 
gether iu the hands of the stale. 

The solci, i i of marriage 

is placed in the hands of the state. 

Ecclesiastical seminaries are sup- 
pressed, and given over to the state. 

Eccl students are tat the 

re to be educated and appointed 
by the state. 

■lies must not subscribe money 
to build colleges tf their own ; if they 
do, those colleges will, like nil the 
others, be appropriated by the state. 



The bishops, the di\ 
successors of ties, 

allowed to hold office a 
the state. 

He ibejra is depoet 

office by the stole. I 

mg of state. The hunw 
science is a thing of state, 
no rights, no thoughts, BO 
no desires, that arc not 
controlled by the state, "for 
kingdom of this worid the 
dominion and precedence." 

There is the whole docs 
plain and undisguised. Tba 
words arc taken from the spe 
Bismarck 
us in the de 
March 10 on the question un 
aideration. And now that 
there, what is the stale ? 

- The state is I," said Loua 
and d in his cstimal 

the fact of bis having been 
the time when he made the 
not prevent the French Re 
rather helped it on, and 
prevent us today from re 
the doctrine. 

I constitute! the state 
Bismarck's eyes? Is it die 
or himself, or Dr. Falk, or the 
professordom ? Is it the re 
lives of the country as coUel 
the Lower and Upper 

aes? On the educ 
lion, the Upper House, in 
the strength of the consc. 
gave an advene vote to the 

nt, and the House was 
ately dissolved. A Dumber 
room peers were hastily . 
unm: j manner, and 

as the creatures of Prince B« 
for the sole purpose of passin 

sho 

discussion, and make the meal 
Prince Bismarck appear as the 
the nation, liut noes tl 
read like the speech of a 



Church and Stale in Germany. 



5>9 



likely lo favor free discussion, or 

r, of one who pined far absolut- 

dcterrained to have it ? 

It is an extract from the speech of 

e prince on resigning the premier- 

p of the Prussian Parliament to 

Count von Roon : " There is no fear 

Prussia will lose her legitimate 

1 the federal government, 

if tl :.ial members I : 

cabinet are not on all questions at 

'one. . . . Prussia's territory mak- 

fivc-eighths of all Germany, she 

always command the authority 

belonging to her. Besides, 

• German and Pro* 

•an polities is guaranteed by the fact 

• German Emperor and the 

of Prussia happen to be one 

the same person. / do not deny 

'Ike premier should be invested . 

extensne prerogatives than are 

hisentm. He might, for instance, 

ded the right of suspending 

isions of the cabinet until their 

al or otherwise by the king; 

might be granted some other 

live with a view to regulating 

iLiion of the administration. All 

t, / dart say, will eeme to pass in 

»f time, but, not being as 

to ham, he has to shift as 

he may. . . . There is too 

talking over one's colleagues 

ed in the premiership to leave 

time for anything else." 

speech ■ 1 red some 

« ago. Sine speaker 

•at tome nearer to the boast of Louis 
is how the echo of the 
German chancellor, the Berlin special 
*orrc|iondcnt of the London Times, 
*pe»b of it, with a cringing tone that 
* Dec stomachs brings an absolute 
•*Bsta • l- struggle 

*jatni*. popery looming ahead, it 
•ooi-1 be a great mistake in this loyal 
*ad king-loving country to strip the 
•tiustry of the authority 
fern ^presenting the crown rather 



than the parliament " . whilst the 
Times itself remarks editorially, 
a mental blindness itrax 
unintentional : '• We do not anticipate 

tgresrioo in the develop:) 
of Prussia, but it scents inevitable 
that there should be some check in 
the progress of change, some slack- 
ening in die audacity of Jcgislation, 
ie disposition to rest and be thank- 
ful." 

To show how far freedom < I 
cussiun prevails in the Pretrial) Par- 
liament over and above the speech 
quoted of Prince Bismarck, the disso- 
lution of the Upper House on refus- 
ing to go the length of the govern- 
ment on the education quel 
the creation of the pur- 

pose of overcoming that opposition, 
may be added the very significant 
announcement made by Dr. Folk on 
•tiling the bill to the Chamber 
in the first instance, before a word of 
discussion had taken place ou it, that 
ion was certain be- 
forehand; which was saying poeti- 
cally : You may vote as you please, 
hut this ! t be passed, and he 

who opposes its passag my 

to the throne —no small threat in a 
military nation. 

So much foe freedom of discu 
Where, then, is one to find that myi- 
tis body, the state, of «rhi 
(here uch talk? Of course, 

bill has passed both houses; it 
has been debated sod on, 

and the divisions have gone with the 
ministry. Well, in reprc 
governments, such is the rule. N'lul- 
lcs becomes law. 
All looks fair. The I joc 

against tiie Catholics, and that it all 
that can be said aboi 

t how has it gone against them ? 
It is a sweeping rnc-: ihat 

there can be no doubt. It ts the 
boom tremendous measure framed 
within this century, peshapt in all 



it,t/e in Germany. 



galion that the relations 
to the State have been 
jot by the declaration 
ity, that is idle. Catho- 
now precisely what they 
m the beginning. Prince 
then, was fully alive to 
cc of the question he 
it the time, i: 
cant measure that might 
sneak through the House 
thout the House being 
existence. The Gcr- 
:ibers 40,000,000 of 
these 14,000,000 are Ca- 
that is to say, more than 
of the entire population. 
: existing to-day bc- 
14,000,000 of Catholics 
head of their church, the 
1 ween them and their 
gy, what you please, 
igious, the result of the 
this measure is one and 
the total breaking up of 
n in all that makes it 
10 far ask lies in Prince 
narck to effect that result. 
he world understand* it. 
■e is no parallel in history," 
FjII Mall Gate/if, " 10 the 
t which the German states- 
resolutely beni on trying, 
be memorable achieve 
tshmen under the guidance 
VIII. . . - Lie all these 
the- ruing the 

of ecclesiastical fnnetion- 
:h is Uie most striking of 
ber, will apply to all sects 
. bat, in its (rppli 
n Catholic priesthood, it 
ke; one's breath away." 
.ondon Timet of April 19, in 
article on our Holy Fa- 
will call for attention af- 
sums up the situation thus : 
leisures now in the ' 
, cnt, and likely to bc- 
ri since have become] 



law. amount to a secular organiza- 
tion so complete as not to leave the 
Pope a soul, a place, an hour, that he 
can call entirely nil nun. Germany 
rH for the civil power the con- 
trol of all o : the imposition 
of ha own On entrance H 
cither civil or ecclesiastical office, 
the • :iil discipline, 
and at every point the right CO con- 
BH and preachers 
to purely doctrinal and moral topics. 
Henceforth there is to be neither 
piiest, nor bishop, nor cardinal, nor 
teacher, nor preacher, nor proclama- 
tion, nor public act, nor penalty, nor 
anything that man can hear, do, or 
say for the lOuP* good of man in 
Germany, without the proper au- 
thorization, mark, and livery of the 
emperor." 

The Times is no special advocate 
of Catholic intcre^ t, when i| 

puis the case thus. 1 no love 

for them. But after bum phic 

picture of the situation, it is needless 
to reiterate what has been main- 
tained, that, call these measures what 
you please, they simply involve and 
ta the legal suppression of the 
Catholic Church in Germany. 

The bill, then, required some con- 
sideration ; for it could only be re 
garded by one-third of the empire 
at lei ■ by the millions of their 

co-ri a outside the empire, 

nut as an outrage on their 

conscience— that would be a weak 
a 1 for it— but as a measure, 
whether it passed or iicd, 

to be resisted with all the power that 
lies in man's nature. I" this light 
n- could it be looked upon by 
the Catholics, and thus the he 
of one-third of the empire were at 
• and, if freedom of conscience 
be not a meaningless phrase, most 
y alienated from the govern- 
ment of an empire scarce yet two 
years old. 



522 



Church and State in Germany. 



But the opposition was not con- 
fined to Catholic* alone The Evan- 
gelical party, though a few of its 
member* and organs had opposed 
the intermeddling of the state with 
church affair* from the first, as a 
whole accepted the expulsion of the 
Jesuits and the other arbitrary mea- 
sures as a good thing, and as a 
deadly blow struck at Rome. But 
when these crowning n;c.i 
peared, it saw that, as usual, the 
blow struck at Rome was a blow 
struck at all freedom, and strove to 
retract when too late. To quote the 
Ibll Malt Gazette again : 

"The difficulties of Prince Bis- 
marck arc not decreasing. The 
Jesuits have found a fresh ally in 
Prussia, and the ranks of the ene- 
mies of the new ecclesiastical legis- 
lation are swollen by combatants 
whose loyalty hitherto has been un- 
swerving. Hen von Gcrlach no 
longer stands alone as a Protestant 
opponent of the chancellor's policy. 
A portion of the Evangelical clergy 
ai.il a section of the Protestant aris 
cy of the old provinces of the 
kingdom have passed over into the 
camp of the enemy. In Pomerania 
and Silesia, a bitterness of antago I 
has revealed itself which was never 
suspected. The feelings that have 
fed this opposition have evidently 
been long in existence, but only now 
have they betrayed themselves open- 
ly. Tim occasion on which this 
done was the emperor's 
It has been customary to have reli- 
gious services in the churches at 
such times, and they had come to be 
expected by the population as a reg- 
ular part of the celebration. This 
year, however, many of the Evangel- 
■ lergy in different towns omitted 
the : vices, and kept t 

churches cloved. A letter in the 
Sfener (, marks upon the 

HMDbhni ted in Ncuvalz, in 



Lower Silesia, because of 
sion. Another letter from 
says neither in that town 
Kamuin or Schievclbem w 
divine service held to wfa 
been always accustomed.' 1 
thing occurred at Wemigcrodc 
the only notice of the occasi 
in the prayers at the n 
service the day after. Th 
have excited much comment 
many. The official papers 
accuse the Protestant clergy 
eastern provinces of becom 
allies of the uitramontancs 
1*). 

Thus does this " loyal an 
loving " people I its gi 

• monarch for the for* 
this bill upon it. 
the bill hurts them, the i 

who detest the Pope, most o 
just as cordially as does Pri 
marck? Alas for human 
There was a toi 
of the flesh in it after all. 

When this lull met their 
eye* of the Evangelicals WW 
opened. They saw that i 



ta 



sions were all-embracing, an 
there was no distinction n 
tween Cathotic ftnd Pi 
and righteous to all 

pel promulgated by Prince B 
— the gospel of the state 1 T 
thought to get off scot-free ; t 
no voice to the noble protest 
Catholic bishop* at Ful 
length their zeal is aroused, 
generously throw their wei 
the scale, prayi the 

may take the form of c; 
measures for the Catholic C 

Such was the form will 
Evangelical objection took 
ly conscientious grounds, 
While the internal budget w 
discussed, some of the 
ists were so stt ^ica 

vote a refusal of the very respt 



bkh this generous, chariu- 
d co:i a body enjoys, 

r. Falk, the liberal, came to 

.md saved it. 
Prussian correspondent of the 
3 Time* has an instructive lit- 
tgraph on 

rrve to throw some farther 
a this eleventh-hour opposi- 

t the Catholic dignitaries are 
e only ecclesiastics opp 

bill. The new measure* 

ig not only to the Catholic 

to all religious comma 

ecognized by the state, the 

icnrath, or Supreme Con- 

of the Protestant Church 

BCCS, has also thought 

ion the crown against the 

ent of these sweeping innova- 

i ipal reason given 

Obc.-: t the 

in the new lairs facilitating x- 

from a religious community, 

many a Protestant might be 

i to forsake his faith on the 

Ihc building of a new church. 

than contribute his mite, as 

led by law,' he might prefer 

ion verted to something else." 

iters could blush, that 

<ught to be of a scarlet culor. 

keep to the quest! 

whatever may have been the 

, certain it is that at length the 

•heal party, as a party, a body, 

-is, as you please, is 

1. and tarns ujkhi the govern- 

«ras ready to l»; the 

ant so long as all things 

othly. A similar instance 

[ng of religious zeal 

vcnirncnt innovation was 

and i* witnessed stiil in that 

loving " body, the 

i, on the disestabtcsh- 

hat was called the Irish 

Here, then, are the Bran- 

protesting against the gov- 



crnment, and the Catholics protest- 
ing against the government; how 
much of the nation is left ? The 
Catholics arc 14,000,000 ; the num- 
ber of the Evangelicals is unknown to 
the writer, but it probably doubles, 
perhaps trebles, that of the Catholics 
— certainly in Prussia ; at all events, it 
nay be safely said that the majority 
of the German Empire protests 
against these laws. M the 

state to be found, then ? The state 
certainly does not lie in the majority 
of the people. On purely political 
grounds, therefore, Prince IJismarck's 
measure is tyrannical; nevertheless, 
" in the kingdom of this world, the 
state has dominion ami 
deno 

"Ate, Cmtl Muyluii Ic lalatuit !" 

Prince Bismarck expected this op- 
position. So powerful ima- 
gine it would be that !■ 
it, and in I or- 
gans mingled cajolery iriifa threats 

H ...' It the ecclesiastical bills were 
still beu in/- 

CorrtspoHtlenx (oil: srieg 

1 e on the protest of the I 
bishops at 1- iolic 

■n to Utc ecctesu deal laws, 

wrui 

"The state, of course, Ijl-1 
sponsible for the welfare of the in- 
habitants in every measure adopted, 
v. i,l have to be guided by a itritt rt- 
garif/pr :r/tiii isjuit and upright. 1 1 

will have carefully to retrain i. 
meo 1 the creed 01 

ing with the eeel Sta- 

tions ami usages immediai 
ncctcd with the sphere of religious 
■ >!.ly the OtI VUOr 

of Education (Dr. Falk) expn 

«rd his conviction in the Lower House 
that, directly the new bills, became 
law, the Catholic subjects would per- 
1 rive that no one intended to injure 
their religious faith, oppress thdl 
church, or interfere with the preach* 



Church and State ix Germany. 



ing of laving troth." (Dr. Folk's con- 
sii tid u arc of a piece with his do- 
ili.") ... "In carrying 
through their present task, govern- 
ment i:. H encounter se- 
i\lancc and much trouble; 
but it is alio awan that the bills now 
f once they become 
, will supply it with effective 
mean* of exerting its authority. . . If 
the wishes of the government and 
poifmraenl are fulfilled, the bills un- 
der diSCHSSion will be a work <>l" 

a is, in case the bi 
yield,'' remtritl the Prussian corre- 
spondent of the London Timet. " In 
the other event, they arc sure to be 
lucccasivcly fined, deposed, incarce- 
rated, ami perhaps vent nut nf the 
country. All this 
empowers ili neat to ad 

i i»t, then, or the 

Ihfl name by which 
i .. *ct to be call' 

» |M>weiful •■ 

ibaoIeMly 

»» Ut ai the harmony 

fl iCai ioJm ind 

of either 

with what 

iic true repre- 

i the people, and 

1 on 

.•rs— 

might of 

n [ur a tune, but could 

I.-, How I >ng, then, 

• ll.l 'lous 

ill 1 1 , and a cause 

i .. '. -ii to the 

, all its bayo- 

i!ed January 8 of 

led to the 

jlii illowii day, and, 

. , • ii 



first discussion is 
as, they finally pasted to 
;=e. 
In three months! A bS 
altered throughout the whole 
tioni between church and 
Gen wn to then- 

details; which involved the 
priation to state purposes of 
ecclesiastical college or 
tabscribed for, and cre> 
founded by the money of pris 
dividual*; which, involving ask I 
the suppression nf the bishops i 
the clergy, as a necessary 
ice hands over to the 
..mount of funded 
lies and houses; which, i 
all this, meets religion at every I 
and makes it bow down and I 
ate ; which threatens a fa 
bance and ilanger of 
kind — is pushed through botl 
of Parliament, and suppose 
fully discussed and 
period of three montl 

Why, a bill for the laying of a nn 
line of railroad twent] i length 

would have required longer time taH 
called lor mure There .1 

stands no v. d all Germany 

must obey it, because the stat 
it law. On April 14, (lereuutr 
. on April *6\ 
to be Christian is a crime against 
nc ; to obey the dictates of 
enee is a crime ; to establish s 
school in the name of Gc 
crime; to e a college I 

education of God's ministry 
crime; to obey the pastors, tfte 
, and bishops of God's chares, 
whom to obey hitherto was a »inufi 
is now a crime; to acknowledge bV 
Pope as the head of the unireral 
church, a crime ; in a word, to !< 
anything but German, body and soo\ 
mind and hc.u: and thought, &» 
to lie punished by all d»e rir» 
of the law! 



Church and State in Germany. 



5-5 



arck, while he is about 

go further. "To-day we 

ecd to create God," aid a 

man of hb, a philosopher, an 

Bed man and apostle of the 

Falk, the putative father 

bills. The chancellor should 

German heaven to corrc- 

ligion and 

ts devotees, the worshippers 

itatc. What German 

1 arise to give us the Bis- 

fernc I 

tcps which led up to 

NIC 

manner in which it was 

rough, the meaning of it. 
effect, if catricd out, it will 
on religion, have now been 
re the reader, and he may 
nouncc for himself upon the 
tion. But the question 
the beginning remains still 
cd : Why has all this come 
Why has to • 

d to 
up these erabt 

nod them into so i 
Is it to his advantage to 
-third, the majority even, of 
*re against him ? Why, if 
est were not, as he and his 
ers of the liberal and religious 
lege, in a manner forced upon 
ould he be so unwise as to 
danger of rending his em 
nder, and opening up that 
of difficulties, the religious 
lay so quiet? In 
not the C 
h a danger to the new cm- 
is becoming the question of 
; d what concerns Gcr- 
conccrus the whole world. 
olic Church is a danger to 

rhy? 

you obey ar. 
absolute ruler, bli 



and implicitly. Matters were nol 
quite so bad before the declaration 
of the dogma Ibility; bu 

xince that date, the Pope has taken 
Dd* • i ad which governments cannot 
admit. They cannot endure to have 
any portion of their subjects ruled by 
a foreign potentate. They cannot 
hare their measures thwarted mid 

or secret, from Rome. They cannot 

admit the pretensions of a wcll-mcm- 

. hut rather unpractical 

and decidedly impracticable old 
tlernap to the sovereignty ortt the 
whole world. Those v» horn he claims 

is subjects may venerate him as 
<■; they may C 
obey liir.i, in far as believing in a 
God and l.11 that sort of thii 
if it bring any unction to their BO 
they may believe in any mortal or 
immortal thing they please ; but the 
must obey the laws oj the I tad in 
which they live, whatever thou i 

■ it. Religious belief i be 

thing you please, u 
confined to the individual's 
faith ; but his conduct must not 
ruled by it. Whenever religion 

les the state, religion must give 
Cove;. ■ UIDOt admit 

the disloyal theory of "a Catholic 
first, n nationalist if you will." 
It all lies there: the < 

tween Prince Bisman It and the 

: ii, between Italy and the church, 
between the whole world and the 
church. This contest did not begin 
with the German , I There 

is a power behind the throne that 
moves even him to this deed of vio- 
lence upon the sacred person of the 

rch: 

the tame Old tempter that first whim- 
pered tO man in Eden : ,; Ye shall 
be as gods"; that drove the 
stone and persecute the propfai 
that moved the Jews t 
Christ; that directed the an 



5=6 



Church and State in Germany. 



pagan emperors of Rome It is not 
nun of his own will merely to stir 
tip this strife, and wage war upon hi* 
brother for the matter of faith. The 
•pint of evil is ever working ; and his 
present chief representative, unconsci- 
ously ft may be hoped, is the power- 
ful chancellor of the German Kr.i 
Here is his standpoint, as given by 
the Berlin correspondent of the New 
York HtraU, in the remarkable 
speech of March 10. In the extract 
already given, the chancellor jwo- 
nounced the contest he has entered 
upon as having " solely to do with 
the ancient contest for dominion, 
which is as old as the human rare ; 
»iih the contest for power between 
monarchy and priesthood — the con- 
test which is much older than the 
appearance of the Redeemer in the 
world." After endeavoring to con- 
nect every great movement of recent 
and medixval history inimical, or 
supposed to be inimical, to Germany 
I the machinations of the Papacy, 
be goes on to say : " It is, in my es- 
timation, a falsification of politics and 
of history when His Holiness the Pope 
is considered exclusively as the high* 
priest of any one confession, or the 
Catholic Church as r epre sen tative of 
churchdom in general The Papacy 
has been in all times a political pow- 
er which, with the determination and 
with the greatest success, interfered 
in all the relations of this world; 
which meant to interfere, and consid- 
ered such interference as its legitimate 
programme. This programme is 
well known. The aim constantly 
kept in view by the Papal power 
(tike the Rhine borders before the 
eyes of the French) — the programme 
wbjcb, at the time of the medieval 
emperors, was very nearly realized — 
b the making the secular power sub- 
ject 10 the clerical — an aim eminently 
pohocal, the eooct to attain which 



so long have there oeen 
whether cunning people 
pnests, who have asserted 
will of God was better known 
than to their fellow-citizens 
is well known that this pti 

.nidation of the Papal d 
dominion. 

Now, there is no denying th 
a very fascinating doctrine for 
The rulers studiously misrtj 
the Papacy, setting it down 
at most 
ous of political powers which 
do the politics in the garb of re 
as Mahomet did, and give to th 
ish schemes the name ut' 
God, so as to arouse an ent 
and fanaticism in their i 
which mere human powers c 
hope to enkindle. Mahot 
just one of those u cunning 
who " asserted that the will 
was better known to him than 
fellow cy conld 

signaled by that title. A 
quests that Mahomet achiev 
deceit arc in the memory 
The Pope b the Mahomet 
XlXih century, according to 

1 ; - BftttCjlL 

When Shakespeare put that 
sentence into the mo-.. 
John, " No foreign power shal 
or toll in my dominions,'* 
said the same thing. " You an 
to disestablish the church in 
because it was imposed 
power It. Disraeli, don 

debates on the question of the 
tablishment. ■ Yon will do 
what will yon hate in its pUa 
nation ruled by a foreign po 
the Pope is an absolute sore) 
The words arc from memorj 
the aim and substance arc corral 
be of ail men understood the 
of the argument ; hot he koc 
it was a valuable party-cry to 



is. however, as old as humanity; for blood of the patriotic 



Church and State in Germany. 



5*7 



:ly, Mr. Gladstone told the 
the Irish 
hy Bill «n» defeated by 
1 Cullen, under mandate, of 
from Rome. And so runs 
ough the world. 
| around our cars out here 
•r'crs, though roui ii 
. than i: was wont to do. 
of Rome! is the string to 
n. The Catholics wish to 
■ countTy into the hands 

.'Ie the considerate 

li'.v of such a 
appose ihe Pope did reign as 

• in Germany to-day, would 
pie be less happy than they 

Ives to be under the 
Prince lii-.ir.an k ? Would 
pe encircle his throne with a 
of steel, or reign in the 1 
>eople ? How much h 

• inhabitants of the Papal 

■:r the rule of '■■ 
d than they were under that 
\. ? Let the correspondent* 
jlar pn : with their 

record of outrage and 

i it possible to convince 
it all these allegations are 
nd i. e? The 

llible, and so was Peter 
i the rock 
: he should build his 
Peter had the same cor ' 

that Pius has 
it simply b was 

head of the chun I 01) 
the viear of Jesus ( 
he was a Chtistian. And 
ito is faithful to the 
I Master is bound 

tthe state '" I cannot " when 
. deny that 
, and break loose from the 
gs of the church. It is not 
>e these men arc fighti a 

\s far as the Ger- 



man laws of making the divinely 

instituted sacrament of matrimony a 

merely civil contract, of preaching 

disobedie n of the 

church, go, were t) ■ to- 

■md, if possible, an interrego 

eenM to be so desire! by 

many, to euv.ie, that fact would not 

make a bit of difference in the oppo- 

tholica to these state 

measures. Wrong would be wrong 
still ; the laws of God would remain 
as binding as ever; and to hinge the 
Catholic faith in this fashion on the 
Papacy is a transparent trick. The 
Pope teaches what Jesus Christ bade, 
him teach ; and no pope has ever 
swerved from that line. 

[| is almosl as this 

theme, anfl yet it must be token up, 
thou i. I ■ i 

what they call oltraroontanism, by 
h they mean Catholicity, will 
still continue to close their eyes to 
truth that the Catholic religion 
has no conn-.' .my kind with 

politics touches upon re}tgiOD| 
course r ken into 

account. It would far overstep this 
ie to go into all the details 

this question ; but the 

statement of the | Ca- 

lics take upon trie subject may 

serve best to put the matter before 

the re. 

differently 
from Prince Bismarck anil the 
efltil .ns who surround him. 

For them all practical history, if the 
term may be used, begins a 
Christ All the rest, M far as theo- 

of the state to the individual, go, 
may be considered as blotto 
a fj&ti/a rata, and the world, in the 
mo: anew. Before 

the coming ol I there was no 

government, in the modem sense of 
the word, outside of the Jewish na- 



5 28 



Church and State in Germany. 



tion : there was force. Jesus Christ 
down laws which should enter 
every relation of the life of man, 
and could not be mistaken. These 
laws were just as binding on the 
monarch as on the subject, on the 
government as on the governed; 
they cl»! not destroy government : 
they guided and helped it, and in- 
fused into it the first principles of 
freedom. Men recognized this G 
and, as Christianity advanced, govern- 
ments began to fashion themselves 
closer and closer upon the law of 
the Gospel, until 3t length what is 
known as Christendom grew up, 
grounded, as Dame implied, 

upon the religion of Christ — that u 
to say, upon the law of Chriit. Of 
course, in the various govi : 

ngs remained contrary is 
this law, not, however, as rights, but 
as wrongs which only time and 
Christian influence could remove. 
However, governments were mea- 
sured as to their justice and injustice, 
!>y a standard antecedent to the 
Christian era, nor by any standard 
which they might choose to set up 
for themselves, but by their tsDmihv 
to, their agreement nr disagree- 
ment with, the law of Jesus Christ. 

Of course, to those who deny the 
divinity of Jesus Christ, all this rea- 
soning goes for nothing; but Prince 
Bismarck does not profess to do so. 
Where, then,'.'. . '.v to be found ? 

Had it a keeper, a guardian, a pro- 
uder, one to whose care its divine 
ndet bad cntrusted'it, guarded 
lost the possibility of mistaking its 
teaching*, or did he leave the dead 

letter to commend itself ID a variety 
of ways to a variety of minds t Were 
blessed from birth with per- 
fect intelligence and personal infnlii- 
. there would hive been no need 
of leaving anything more than th<: 
dead Idler of the law, as in that case 
all would have agreed as to its mean- 



ing. But as men do not as a rule 
claim to pei 

sonal infallibility, without going fer-l 
ther into the question h 
obvious to common sense that, 
left a law to the world, he left it 
somebody's keeping : he left 
vernment and a head, as the 

live of himself. 
tive is the Pope, whom . 
dom recognized for so ro: 
not as king of this routv 
but as the supreme head of the 
versal church of Ch 

In time, he came to have a 
mony of his own, which was 
given him, and has been 
very freely taken from 

nony he did not rule in: 
Ig, His policy at an 
monarch might even be <'.< 
like that of any other rul 
the domain of faith and mi : 
when speaking ex (a >utd 

err, and Christendom bowed to as 

ions, 

re it is, then, thai sb«d 

their faith in th not in Pin 

I X. as ruler of Rome, but in Pius IX. 
as the successor of 1 evicn 

of Jesus Christ, 

Mutative on earth. rrefccfc 

Christendom departs from CI i 

m wbkJ 
it was founded, and devises measure* 
or promulgates do< • ;;pposV 

t to the law of I 

whoa 
the Word abides to say if this 
01 untrue, right or wrong. He pro- 
cs, and they '. I obfj. 

imply says this is or this U not 
the la t— the law that rsie* 

the government as well as the goretn- 
ed. If government wroflf 

with the strong arm, you must use at 
but, lather tla" 
deny the truth, you must die as Jf«* 
Saviour ill 
The tendency of governments t* 




Church and Stair in Germany. 



529 



say : " Wc bow to no law, 
nothing higher than 
and the laws we make 
be obeyed without qui. 
( going back to the ante-Chris- 
•a, and reviving the worship of 

Such if the tendency to- 
,cf in Christ ; disbelief, consc- 
ik doctrines, in his cb 
nity, in the head of his 
U To be Catholic, conse- 
to be anti-national, in the 
if the state, when in reality it is 
en of the state, 
employed a Christian legion, 
bough in bravery anil devotion 
i empire that legion knew no 
my of its members were 
red beciuse they recognized a 
ial power higher tl>an the state. 
i therein Catholicity is compcll- 
Opposc the state: dating from 
;, believing in Christ, building 
»pon ( follower.-. . 

if the church of Christ, it bi- 
te in all things save where 
stresses the commandments of 
; hence the H 
ning back. then, to the present 

iclievc the 

the infallible head of the ( 

urch, not the absolute emperor 

rid. Jesus 

he i?., hi 

: kingdom is not of 

rorld." Nations may assume 

form of government best suits 

I all that is nothing to the Pope. 

holic is absolutely free in this 

tance, to vote what- 

Republican 

tmocratic. As far as those 

I and their meaning go, Catho- 

nas absolutely nothing whatever 

with them. But 
erect 'form, 

a party-cry, and, as in the pre- 
nstance in Pm 

its liberalism attempts to 
aut absolutely the Catholic rcli- 
rot- xvi i.— 3+ 



gion from the land and from the 
world it it could. Is it in human 
•II to eXpect Catholics nut to 
allow their religion to influence their 
votes in such a case as t 
such a case as the Irish university 
question, or in any similar case that 
might occur here ? 

I given for ? Surely 
to protect ourselves against tyn 
of every form, and to secure our 
proper representation in the body to 
whose care is entrusted the gov 
ment of the country. Go 
that religion should not il 

politics! Why should it not? Lee 

it alone; leave it free to do G 
work; leave it its churches, its col- 
, its schools, its I .its 

asylums, its associations, its free wor- 
. its beliefs, and its institutions. 
But if you come, as Prince 1 
has done, to say to religion, I will 
take from you your scho i arc 

yr.ur own private property ; I will 
take from you jroai 

rou believe to have bee:. 
Stltutcd by Jesus Christ ; I will II 
yOU of your ecclesiastical colleges, 
and educate your stude: :'; 1 

will lake your ordination out of the 
hands of your bishops, and or 
your priests myself; 1 will app 
your bishops as I please, and they 
who displease me are no longer 
bithopt; I will lake from you your 
head, the Pope, and make myself 
pope in his stead : all this n 
but still you arc at liberty to be.: 
in and worship God — what must tlac 
answer be ? 

is a mockery! pagan- 

Inn ; it is violence, not law. Wc can- 
not obey. There, says Bismarck, or 
the state, that is treason. W 
not you obey ? Because the Pope, 
" that old conjuror of the Vatican," 
forbids you. That is juvt the point : 
cither the Pope must rule or 1. 
Because conscience forbids mc, 



530 



Church and State in Germany. 




because human reason forbids me, 
because Jesus Christ forbids me, is 
the rc»j>0Dse of the Catholic. Catho- 
lics cannot consent to the doctrine 
that in the dominion of this world the 
state has precedence. What is the 
state ? An accident. The C«rof I 

the Sultan of Turkey, Bismarck, 
the British Parliament, the Commune, 
oil these in turn call themselves the 
mtocnt indeed is su- 
preme, and to l>c obeyed, in its own 
sphere ; but if there be no law higher 
than the material laws wliii.li I 

themselves, and change 
as occasion demands, good-by to all 
stable government If government 
bo merely a creation of man, it nasi 
be subject to the varying temper of 
; i: cannot fix absolutely the 
rights of man ; it OQD have no absolute 
title to his obedience. We utterly 
repudiate this doctrine, ami refuse to 
accept anything as final which wc 
construct for our own a -■ . I: 
powers are limited as are those of 
all human institutions i once it over- 

pa these boundaries, it beet 
tyranny. State to-day means Bis- 
marck, to-morrow the Commune ; it 
case of circumstances; ami, if 

re lie no d all this, no 

principles which ait fixed and come 
from a Power above "this woi 
one is as good as another. Tim 
power is religion, and the church is 
•nt of religion, and the 
Pope is the head of the corporate 
hudy. infallible indeed when teaching 
iIil- universal church, else is he an 
accident the same as all the others. 

Suppose our Blessed Lord were to 
come clown in the flesh at this mo 
ment into Germany, what course 
would he take upon this question ? 

aid be bow to Casar in this? 
Neither v.ill his vicar nor 
drcn. With the army at his 1 
I'rincc Bismarck does this wrong. 
J: ;s said that he is driven toil 



the unity of Germany. Geri 
was united without it. All the i 
cheerfully submitted even to Pro 
preponderance, without thougl 
dragging in the religious quel 
The laws as they stood on that j 
were satisfactory. Well, Germs 
united now; but it has becom 
union of galley-slaves, chainci 
gether, watched by a ba 
master whose blow is death, 
enemy of true C iityM 

ice Bismarck. 

There is the law. and it is sin 
be carried out. Well, the bail 
will go to prison, will 
or become exiles. ' i cool 

to ordain priests and educate tl 
irrespective of that power calks: 
state. And the real difficulty tx 
now. The Catholics i 
sooner or later, the state must. 

One fact has come c 
which is worthy of notk 
XlXth century, at least this li 
half of it, has been lauded and jj 
tied superabundantly a- 
freedom, the liberal age. 

Catholics began to for.s 
history. They began to 
era of persecution for cons 
sake over, when they heard it 
claimed on all sides that pel 
freedom of thought was the ordt 
the day; there was to be 
distinction as Catholic or Protest 
or Jew or Gentile, any more; 
lion was to lie down with the li 
the world to become a haven 
brotherly love, and the dawn of 
as seen in the bean 
The rack, the gibbet, the fagot, 
the hurdle were all to be bank 
out of sight and forgotten, or i 
preserved in museums as evident 
what horrible beings our sires c< 
become. 1 1 was all very gushing 
nice; the narrowlincs of prejudice' 
to be softened down, and old-ft 
stiff-kneed notions to be vc 



and | 

he a;( 

3 

:ontc: 



Church and State in Germany. 



53" 



rang out the vol 
accessor : Literalism is false : 
of it. It is oi. ' years 

these words startled the 
i the Syllabus. A storm of 
n fury arose on all 
ndeavonng to drown the 
the church. Who arc you 
:ed the woi 
B&ltible head of th 

Bed that Catholics them- 
lOt accept it; and the 

rurch spoke out boldly in 
rodaiiB a new 
' acknowledge 
ibting world what it had al- 
iened, th.it the 
>n earth i 
:c hjs no more talk of 
ra of lines: Call: 
, or were not Catholics. 
Hie voice of one of the 
and nu>vt persistent enemies 
i'eaking only the other 



possible to imagine a be- 
i ere, a vision more in- 
life more consistent, than 
the man a led for 

as a quarter of a century to 
md master of the whole 
• be neither folly nor 
ich a rlai in, then we may 
, and indeed must 
■la/so."* 
he " intense vision " mistaken 
ring the poison which lay at 
torn of liberalism ? 1 i 
has just deserted the con- 
to which he adhered 
political life aim 
isrff into the a:. 
i 
le result— such .- 
force your children to go 
lols and receive the cduca- 
[ivethem, n: ilgod- 

Huxley, scientific liberal 



like Dr. Falk. Iji Commune was the 
essence of liberalism, u | the 

Archbishop of Par 
out of pure sport apparently. 

church in a free ;.: 
Cm our doctrine for liberal I 
the bill for 

church property and of that belong- 
ing to the religious orders has fol 
lowed naturally upon the appro] > 

. of the Papal - rid tin- im- 

prisonment of the head of the church. 
mkI, the liberal rcpu, 
the Jesuits, closes the i 
and follows Ih'smarrk's stci • t:i i: 
dealings with the Catholic ck- 
The South American states . 
the same in : of liberal. 

The whole world may lie I 
sad wherever liberalism is strongest, 
there is violence done i: ..^of 

0000. 
And here in this free repu! 
men are found, like the writers in the 
A'i//:'.v and throughout the Pro; 
ant press, to approve of all thi 
they arc republicans — Americans — 

n of freedom. If Arncrk 
they arc traitors to their 
pudiators of the principles of their 
sires. They forget their history. 
What brought the Pilgrim Fall 
hither? The refusal CO bike the 
oath of supremacy to the stale. I< 
what was right in them wrong in us ? 
Freedom was the one . ton 

OB the virgin brow of this yet y. 
republir. Yuii who approve Of t' 
measures . would wipe that 

word out, and set h very. 

t which these 
produced on the outer worl 
significant. Those who ha 

outburst on the part of Prin 

: irck with such loud acclaim 
begin to hesitate and draw back. 
The secular journals in 
and in F.ngland, as a m! 

i and pronounce upon the i| 
which have led up to this final outrage 




53- 



i and State in Germany. 



with timid caution, or, in a few in- 

r.cs, with downright disapproval 
'- We deny entirely that Prince 

Mick himself ever adopted this 
is the tense in 
which the JbS Mail admires it. On 
the contrary, we believe that, a a 
statesman, he distrusted it serin 
and has even now little tmjidenee in tts 
must*. We bettcre that it wfll result 
id giving a new stimulus to Roman 
Catholicism, and that the fanatical 
vehemence with which the German 
people bare adopted it is a sufficient 
evidence of tie rati and illcemsiJerrd 
eharaOer *f tkefisLy ittel/. m * 

litis rough-and-ready method 
of expelling ultramontane influences 
- by a fork ' can hardly fail to suggest 
to a looker-on the probability I 
like similar methods of exr* 
nature, it may lead to a reaction. 
Downright persecution of this soe t 
are speaking now simply of the J esuit 
bw). unless it is very thorough in- 

I — more thorough than is well 
possible in this XlXth century— 
usually defeats itself." f 

in this country, the secular press 
seems generally toe lined to shirk the 
question, or devotes an occasional 
paragraph to it from time to titn 
to a disagreeable subject which will 
force itself upon the sight, but which 
it is better to get out of the way as 
speedily as possible. The religious 
press among us has gone wild over it 
from the beginning as a death-blow 
to Rone. Bat even they begin to 
distrust it, and soften their jubilant 
notes to a mild /uxv, that they hope 
all good from this measure— they do 
not exactly see what good, but they 
live in hope, whilst one of their 
number, the New York Ohervrr, a 
fine hater of *♦ P o p er y ," actually de- 
clared the other day that, in its opin- 
ion, - Cesar was going too far." 



♦ f ifrfy Xirtrm. 



In Germany itself, as ma; 
gathered from some of the eat 
already given, the state-god is 
yet as infallible and 

premc even in this world. I' 
rches very fast ; an 
would make Germany march 
him. Sedan was won by march 
but this moral Sedan, as be w 
consider it, laughs at the snail's 
of the o ere is such a t 

a* " riding a gift horse to deal 
and Prince Bismarck seems it 
on accomplishing that foolish (a 

And here a word may be dev 
to the false allegation, which ■ 
beginning to be dropped, that 
iilios were foes to the coaso 
tion of the empire. The Jesuits 
banished as conspirators againsi 
cuv -hole Catholic Ch 

was in a conspiracy against it; 
Pope had gone further, and, 
the rashness character .site of 
"openly declared war against 
march and bis ideas" (New 1 
■■■»). We have looked in van; 
the details oft -ouscoosj 

iv. which have not yet seen the I 
though it was so " well knot 
a single scrap of evidence 
pcarcd, not a single riot occurred, 
a house was fired ; there was no | 
powder discovered, not even 
traditional slouched hat and d 
lantern ; the supreme majesty of 
law was never violated even in 
sacred person of a solitary po 
man. 

As for the other allegation, 
■lies were opposed to the « 
of the fatherland, they had at 
opportunity to speak prior to 
war with France. There was 
necessity for I I iolic Geri 

states to join Prussia, and si 
wealth and the lives of their sue 
a terrible war. Why did 

oik clergy and bishops and 
Pope, who are nothing but a pofi 



Church and Stale in Germany. 



533 



:t, use tlw vast political power 
h they are supposed to wield in 
mting the fatal alliance between 
rsta; .- Catho- 

tatcs? 'Inen was the time to 
ounce, ami iio-.v did they pro- 
ee? 

terc was no doubt or hesitation 
ic part of either clergy or people. 
?leon marie the fatal mistake of 
avoring to throw a religi 
• orcr I. .ign, to 

die Germany to hit 
olic Germany stood by its 
a and altars, and its bishops, 
is, g tood with it. 

Pro i itholicj gloried in 

CO;; ! would jridd the 

of ; freedom to 

i>. not even to ourselves. M.r. 
tkr had long ago pronounced 
ic unity of the German Empire. 

gatiorj drop, 
ter the war, each state conrinu- 
i full and free possession of the 
ion. own l.riii'.c- nlr'.iins : 

tia was the centre 01 
y alone. Fiat the Prussian 
n of service in the army 
J upon all, contrary to the « 
the states particularly Bavaria. 
\ Prince Bismarck made up his 
to force this ecclesiastical bill 
Prussia, he saw dearly that, 
remained law tor Prussia only, 
t dead letter for all the fed 
i outside, it COttld : : It 

be German or nothing. In 
to bring this about, he sounded 
atci for the transfer of the home 
I also to the hands of Prussia, 
c proposition was vigorously 
«d by ail, chiefly by Bavai 
/body understood liie thing 
wh> ily the annoui;. 

came one morning that all the 
, v>; n of Bav- 

in favor of placing the boBM 
C also in the Prussia, 

iras left to do as it fit 



and now Prussia is the centre of all 
power in Germany, so that the I 
of absolute go ..: over a num- 

ber of federal states, which two years 
ago were free, rest now in •... 
man whose chief doct:;i 
natural preponderance of Prussia. 

The measures of the Bin 
regime in Germany have been from 
first to last measures of violence, 
ply as regards ooUc 

II regards the whole of 
the federal states; and their effects 
begin to show themselves already in 
the disrespect shown the emperor <M 
iiis birthday, in the various riots 
which have takes and are taking 

And be ji not one 

acne riots has been attributed to 
the Ca lieni 

to the religion which Prince I 
marck would de-troy to r 
form of endeavoring to rig 

• '.■■. Ihe nots hive been 
erally called beer riots; but they 
following so fast one upon the o... 
and occurring in different 

cities, that, however exciting a t 
beer m.iy be, | gu to hint at 

something else as cause for them. 

"The riots at which 

were due, tffttrmtff at bat/, to the 
hereditary quarrel 
were pal okfoft on 

Monday by a great beet riot, 
be due to the high price of bet . 
whkh sixteen | . , were wr. 
ed, twelve persons killed, and one 
hondi ; twenty arretted. A 

correspondent of J 
who i rankfort anil saw riic 

riot, regan «per and » 

mote cause as being I .igh 

dissatisfaction of the people with the 

Our readers will remember the 
very scrum.-; riot i\ i 
Berlin at the meeting of the empc- 



S34 




Church and Slut? in 



t andcr the noses 
: ;1 majesties. A Herald 
respondent, writing < 23. 

of a riot in Berlin on t 
day of the emperor; of another 
which occurred on March 18. 
anniversary of the Revolution of 
1S4S in Berlin ; and the correspond- 
ents both of the London Timti 
of 1 '', describe tlie fer* 

ui;h which the mounted police 
charged upon the unarmed mob. 
\wn sabres. The H«f 
1 jf respondent concludes his let- 
ter tii 

1 00 the part 
the social democrats took place at 

< of dissatisfaction at an 
•tncthing is constantly 
ing grout There 

r the freedom pro* 
:ed empire. ' Ger- 
many is great, but she is no - . 

be the condition of the 

1 France and S; 
the declaration of the republic, have 
had a positive infi 1 
1 
my. 1 .iid a great meeting of 

at I 

prohibited by the author 

nun popular 

1 of pleasure that 

the i» here from 

Catholic qnar- 

shott 111 g the distrust and grow- 

. the Pru 

k-d. It is -liow 

tor their 

1 \ aiding for freedom 

tiled 

'ood 

DV smites 

tush 

c of frec- 



l dares star.il in its path. 
He who attacks the rights 1 
wall laugh at the pun fman, 

simply as it u who bo* 

dow n before the state ; you a 
up this state above you, andsurrea* 
wredvesto it absolutely— yoa 
have breathed life into the statue of 
Frank you would rid yout- 

selves of it if you could, but yet 
have created that which you cannot 
nd forged for yourselves as 
agent of self-destruction. 

Happily, Catholics have faith in a 

Cod above it all. If it has done no 

other pood, it has brought cut to tbt 

eyes of the world, in a wondtrial 

r C the vastness nd 

1 'hatch 

i, the cry >. 

lies will 

When the Jesuits were driven od 
from Germany, the 1 1 Cado- J 

lie Germany r< •; When thclast 

remnant cf the Papal States was lors 
from the Holy Father, the worl 

- Papacy dead." 
lointed air 
leas met'. 
many. <n ith all the power of the 

: - 

I > be a new schisti: 
>y now ? 

; been seen 
Lcmoinc, one of the onto- 
ess-quoted writers of tlie day. a Pro- 
it, write* to the ansi-i 
ybunial del /■'. ^eat of 

the Irish I root the 

depths of that palace which he cab 
ri-vw, the now helpless oW mas 
(/<• tieiUard de'sarm/), who 
only ■ has just sla* 

tcrcd tlte most s->li-.l govemm 
Europe (the 1 

and overthrown the greatest miasfKt 
of F 

never was the Poi>e more so%ereti"s, 
more a < 
tlian since lie has reliitqut- 



_ 




of subjects for that 

Deluding that the star* in 
have fought against Pius 
i that his failure is Heaven's 
he London JYwss si 
oors the whole universe is at 
, but he cannot look out of 
lows without seeing a world 
igainst him. . . . l'ius IX. 
le all that de could 

ind siiffcrcd all that the world 
xomplisb. He has achieved 
lute dominion over the hu- 
rlligcncc, and lost every inch 
roporal power. . . . We 
be even well 
at he Mill holds and rules 
impulsive, the most iraag- 

the most son tiiii 
the civilized world, and 

ipire over soul*. . . . 
he Pope hi 

ubjects as linle as 
em iheil infallible guide." 

■s forgets the 14.000,000 
u su'. I it calls tl 

other millions outside ol 
aas mentioned. From all it 

iinevcr, that " K 

Rome to the end of the 

and that indeed it would be 

t it were not so, though it 

..ith the world. 

then, stands Rome to-day ? 

ore united, though never 

hole world collect its forces 

tcr animus to overwhelm 

state in Germany banishes 

> infidels to its 

in Spain, it banishes the 

in their place the 

.'I, it ejects 

and embraces Loyson; 

the Pope, and 

lucl or Gari- 

r on ktuu ltd BaraUam I 

while. 1 th i world 

im the ends of the 



earth comes back the protest, echoed 
from point to point, and gathering 
volume as it goes: We protc 

... we protest as free citizens, Kt 
protest as Cii Protestation 

docs little, say some. True, but, if 
it has done nothing else, it has at 
least silenced the false cry that Cath- 
olics approved of these measures. 
Protestation at last tills ; tad when the 
interests of those who are now in- 
different come, as sooner or later 
they must come, to be affected by 
the policy to-day so successful in 
As, our voices and warnings will 
be remembered. Catholics cannot 
at present take up the sword ; they 
can only use, then, the weapons at 
their disposal — the von e and the pen. 

DSe them unce.isi; 
and unsparingly until justice is done, 
and Catholics arc granted the rights 

1 itizens, which Freemasons 

to enjoy 11 d: The 

:; of the state r monar- 

chy or republic, are sacred in their 

, but they live for 9 
ntore than the state. All the UD 
in the world cannot coerce the I 
soul of one man, for they cannot 

ii it : it is beyond their province. 

M always will be two laws in 
this world— the law of God, and the 
last of man, I is equivalent 

to right, the second is not necessa- 
rily so. The difficulty between si 
and the Catholic Church ties in the 
fact that the states consider Ugtlitj 
synonymous with right, and that 
what is legal I 

1 itself to the Christian con- 
science. Were men ruled by the 
law which makes the 1 
claim hi:. I ad a 

nationalist if you will,"* all difficul- 

• Thl» wnteace, we with to hivn It rfuttnciljr 
■in.!. MT'.>T« only la 

tb« m lllf |.> Hie church uke»i'f«- 

Ctiltn. . ■ 1 I !■ indcfftr- 

<M whether • it 1 . 1 ideJ 

he be . *ouJ CMJuHc— 8q. C W. 



Brittany ; Its PtPplc and its /V 



BRITTANY: ITS PEOPLE AND ITS POEMS. 



tOUKTH ARTICLE. CONCLUSION. 



the Cambrian bards, their 
of Armories sang the (ri- 
nd misfortunes of their ootlD- 
c deeds of her 
twelve centuries that they 
ed hy chiefs of their own 
great names of Arthur,* 
Lcz-Brciz. of Alan Barbc 
d of Nomcnoe, offered 
ji cts for tl '.ion 

In a former iium- 

?ve " The March of Arthur," 
the original, with the cx- 
of the last two lines, bears 
imp of antiqui; 1 . and ptob- 
;cs fi VIUl D Dl 

c of " Ler-Brdt," of which 
eed to give a translation of 
still extant, is about 
ater, 
, Machtiem or Viscount 
son of a Konan, or crowned 
nous in the IXth ccn- 
one of the maintainors of 
mdcpcndencc against the 
ments of the Franks Ul 
Ddbonnain-, and received 
tcful countrynicn the &ur- 
i ,-.-. " of "l.eiou Breiz"— 
or the Hammer, of Brittany, 
ry of Lcz-Breu, in a weak- 
dined form, exists in 
the fragmentary ball u] oi 

MORVAN LEZ-BREIZ. 

I. 

t. 

•dfMttnheyODnRcl.il') 
hia mother'* tiilr. 

Bill: ' iilg. 

gh III.; I 

Catholic Worm, December, iMI. 



Theie thcihadoand •untight glancing 

< >u tin MBWT pUy/.l 
Ol";i 

Tluuugn the ijihuxuoJ glade. 

"Hog Oakland be- . 
Kudo iho Itcel-tlad ki 

1 ill bll wirlikc (picador* noafce 
flashed on Motvau'a'itglit. 

"Tl»thcgTC« lact," 

Thought It 

Stialght hecruo. ■.; . 'Ully, 

lite he gucJ again. 

Down spaa his lcnr«i in wonder 

hell ! Ii 

.tl, 
tt ■■<■■■ 101 II 

• dubbed U :/hl, loato. 

That I'll DM deny." 

'•Nci-i >aw I belted Vni;-i ■ 

Heard of, till thii 
"Thai i 

Iws, | be?" 

■■■lewlih I wound all 
Whom it likcth me. 

. dub far belter 
Than ray lance 1 BrtM| 
Whoao date Ufa 

Willi "in- Una he did." 

" What ihli oli h ofMcd, which (hew, ". 

t)n thine arm doit wield • * 

child! '1 .• imr MetltuM dub: 

" Mock mc not. «lr knight, for til ret 
Money* mo 
I have baudlcd: thU » larger 

Than an ovcn-nona. 
What may be the coat you wear, like 
Iron aUone and h 

.tat: nrommrord-iirnko 

1U guard." 

" Were the roe» thin elid In harries*. 
: I.) kill were they! 
Tell me. were vov I -micbl. |utt 

A»> 
Thcreupoa the oi.i knight, laag 
Mca with glM. 
"Tlicu whit wlMrrt clad you tbua, UJ 
So it might not be >" 

"Hi alone the tight who elalmeth." 
■.kMtfacrlgt 

" M* i • "pti 

In my armor flight. 



<U and its Points. 



Xnw, lura: kali 

Oh peaacd by thu way 

LA€ to *. ■« %5. ** 

I 



The rhiM ran home in eager ha*e; 
i. nee. 
' Me Mammlk. ah ! you da eel knm " 
-..*, with boyuh glee) : 

1-aatWM gueae whet I heee 1MII. 
What I baeo ee*e i.>-.l«7 1 
M» Intd S. Mkhar) la the chare* 
I v» giasa, to gay. 

■a beautiful, 
1 ne'er before hare eeen." 

•..» than a-ge!a ale 
No au huh aver beana." 
'ja aw, mother, but you err: 
* k**hu tiiic-i . 

.1.1 b« 4« they. 
beta, will go." 





■ Baa 1 r-vlicr. 11 uV« ...:!•. 




■ting to lha jroueJ : 


• 


. in. Habit treat, 








1 







MM Jelay. 

ABe* the a*Me height went he, 

« tueiml AuUua 

...-» the at anoxia. 
■••Mn bawnebeio. 



.. h Ml Normal Le*-aral». 

aaiag » ii i * w» Bunoua 

• .an Let-Uaeir. 



is 



. Kiuruiiuy, 







a, hat ■■>• wanor 



' i >.»u •I'taMoa, 















•• Why, my lord knight, t aa wcertag 

Freely will 1 aay : 
Of your ace I have a brother 

Long aincc (oca iaii. 
Forth he weal to be a wanwr. 

Ten lung year* ego. 
So, whene'er a knigk: I tee, try 

H cart ia full of woe. 

"Tfcenfan ever am I weeping 
When a knight I sec, 

ither. 
re. ah I »»?. 
"Had you.then, one only brother. 
Geatle uuadea? aay: 
A«-J your mother ! prithee -.til t» 
Mare j« nunc, 1 tea-, 

-Have t yet another brother 

In the ni.rld > Ah! no; 
Bat and If he be la be . . 

That 1 ils not better. 
Thither paaaeaa away say aether, 

Who foe aorruw died 
ffaro he left aa. I hove cow ay 

Nuttc, and eaooc be»:de. 

"There, beyoi 

Ded yon ilul may ace ; 
And her aim-chair by the hcaita-attae, 

:re 'twea WO 
Her bieatcrtna I wear— the c«ly 
Comfort Irfl tn me." 

Groaned ao deeply Seagncar Ul-I 
That the reaaden e*t4. 

anthcri 

II heart, too, hail.' 
" Uitar mother have I u 

ll>r myjcHTalcw f 
" In the I'lmtofhcivo, then, aa. 

Who and what are yc« .•" 

~-l en Morran. »on uf (soma: 
l4z-Rrc.tr iminoi aa I. 
Stun minr." The young girl t 

. btoaxna the brother (eUed 
Ronnd kix awncr • 

l.tMd bin, 
Shedding many a I 

g, ay broiher, hare we tort iVet 
Let thee go: 

Ilea LlKC, 

Having willed it to. 
Blew, rnv brother, bleat be he. 

Who hat pity had on I 

Part 111. 
t, 

.•|«b«th«T 

Brail the Hr. 
Goee forth wiib t.nrgn«* to eogage 
In i : -:ght 

ci ct»"t tiiat in the -Tomhit ierce 
Vadotioui he may be. 
And send good neuttogtaddenaQ 
The folk, of musany. 

SeldUcuvRti 

"Awake, my fa- 
Purblah nn I :yiidtM 

i aacc, is heedful • 



Brittany: Jts People and its Poems. 



539 



(fain to CO; 

Karen ■ml mr two *rau, 
\\ la leap I'll thoie." 

aho. rav goud lof.l, 
vu, I i 

; mother key, 
thou return no more* 
i« blood abou 
rnmiM bo b»r Ma; 

, my good lord. 

Dot eay roe »ay. 

"ott>w lathe fishi; 
do 004 fear : 
ray iteel b sharp 
utter deer. 

I . r bliimc on n>e, 
m (n, there (o ! : 

cl aUI 6»hl. 



U I-er-Rrelr. ■rent, 
J p**e. 

knwr, »hen 
ibuith went he. 

■;•. s. Anna, 

to tbec I came 
hceaar,c, a-ul to orate 
« of thy Diane. 

ta-rheJ my IwentT year*, 

•era, 
one. O lr*!y bio*. 

;><>en. 

. Anne, to thee: 

t elicocapaltcil tbtilc 
1 '.e; 
i butch] ud and tie 

ill ice. 

bann< 

•i wrought. 
. rare. 

tecoren aUrai | 
M bellry «. 

.» thy hrail 
er>4 d»y (bill rinj. 
r koly-uewr <tour\ 

i ray I:: 

ICIt, pui 

elr. fearleiat 

nlti thee, noble kulgV." 

III. 

Tta Lei-Krcij. who airii I 
k. ye need uol doubt, 
r number In hi* roar 

-lor-. 

I wblle car. bo ride*. 

,1 . 

'it rt nattily man 
laldresaword. 



. , when the tiulre of 1-cx-Hreit »w 
' 
HcibMcr pii 
'I he kiiljthl ' 
" Sec • inev 

Ami with bin WaM 
I Im surround hhn *« he i 

rWfd ajiin b) 

" Kounrl by the rhevnut wo>J« tbey come : 
A In. my miner dear, 
Ac*' ■ till ouVTs lo fljtat 

Vt III ■ !i. 1 fear." 

thou full Man 
Thouuh now th' 
How many leii n HI 

"Strike ajcuoit mi I. my pace. 

Then man h we forward, mi] en|i> 



■Iter ler-llrtii: rjoodday lo 

ihec.' - 
"He! Cbei.r ,., from 

me." 

" U it atcmc Hum romeit to the fight?" 

" Nay, xiotb. I am noi comi) alone, fcj 

8. Anne bend) it with DM, lady bii. 

■ i ■■ >m ■ cxy. 

lie bid> me take Iby lite aw : 

••I booth the*. 

I b) '• ■ : 'I. -ml ill IN. it.' UTAi I I 

Ketarn 

An. t 

At l"«l*; and bceoin 

"SlrLtovBi iay. 

Iii nhat woo.', xav. 

bread 
Sha.ll make your hrln leap off yuur bead." 

II in « ho the father never kuew." 



In (ncnsllv iviao tSo hcrxiit tpake. 
At at b 

Itrelr tpeke 

' 1 ' Bpeei .'irouRh. 

Tbuie armor dethrd ullh blood : 

CcWX' ilil. 

( tarOM lo ! '" real 

lini away," 
I'hm (prtke Uuu beirali 

- Nay. father, tV« l« noi tho tlmo 

For me lo ett or lett : 
Afoun lUMlMtft 

At mv pool lord '» bebeaf. 
So sorely U my mailer ropent 

With B I -irtte 

That >■• m It"! affray 

Thai be etcapet. with lile. 

" Ua Ikrieen I. argnai lir«l, 

«y ; 

Tin r<»t .it ran earn* ' 



Utanyi lis People and its Poems. 



had not laug 
The 1 1 . : (•! with Kiankiah Wood. 

rod a* It co-old ke; 

\* h.lo nt .r the warn »:c Lord Le»ll 
Hewing bia wcaiily. 

\n:l he had bee* BO Chi>r.l»n. »ure 

Who wept not to 
TfcfMan.'i ' laVat *•'■• 

rapped upon too Di 

Where, oa hia bended knee. 
Weeping he thanked ma peUeekcai 
Of bit own Hrlttaay. 

■ rflllMT S. A fine, all liank* I* yOW 

... i (1t«: 

.'!.: 1 ' -Ul^l the fight. 
Still, ..\i, 1 li>e." 

Thl*o-<nbet fieri mtad 

Hiung Ihl 

t'.rci* 

' 

a in ilit xUdac« shite. 



Pa«t IV. 

tiik none or nut xinC 
SbM) ' WBfi 

lay: 
-.ill readei who 
Pot dm ■: ■!. • etay. 

i data «" bill raj leerrlon kill. 
; in- might, 

1 aseth be 

Against mc >I ''' '" Ughl." 

Now, when the king'* MOOT boa] 

word 

Before Uw king Make) he : 
" Tiue homage bara 1 randefad OBt 
And i : illy ; 

Hut ■. i i.lrilncio-Jcnie 

And warnm 

I he !.• i "til Lrz-ltrelr i-iall lurnnh mo 

With that whkh V"ii desire 
And If tu-morrou : 

bring, 

nrtib i .wo 

my loid the king " 

Now, acarcaly had the onoow dawned. 

When loHfl the yunlii; '1)11 ife ran 
1 .1 bll ahtaUf. " in V Iwd P 

■go bcgatO 
"The giant M< ' "luga 

.. ni\! mv lord bo-del] 
" [)•■ mi: I'll uawn 

Hun a* Deal 1 may." 

" Ah ' my dear Inrd, then know )ow not 

llr lir.ht* tt.th il.-mnn r harm*!" 
•• lie .'■ nrieaveoaeld be our*, 

Anil l>l"-H%inc nn nwr trmi 
Huto Hire. rqolp my good Week aleeil. 
.1 I mv liiniiii 
" Pardon, mv lord* rout cbofgot Ma<k 
Y..H will not light uj'Oii, 



ihlnetaru! 
Threo »!«-!». end fixee tbt three 
line m a »t yen chooae I pray >!*»■ to 

ct thing dooa ■«. 
I le»/ni It frota on ancient clerk. 

Right holy, sooth. «ro» he. 
A man uf good and saintly war*. 
If any such lacre be 

' Ho not then take the charger «h«. 
-e ikou the bar. 
But tbe bU<k Heed beiwee* ibto koft 

T»»e rocthand lead ev. 
Fee UM me kkaC*a own Moorhloerlf 

Hath tamed with bio own hand 1 
Ttiiit xie, and remit it wben yea f» 
The giant to withstand. 

• Ana wben into the loyal hall 
I hi Hoot ■-•'-II enter, he 
(Till iktoe h.s main e on the groiae: 

in susjxnded be: 
If under \<i your garrnenl lie. 
UuublcJ bit aalghl wuuid be. 

icfc clant draweaoeaT, 

Ik* the algn c/ holy crow, 

■ LOO, 

■ I rage 
1 toy lord, 
Reic filed, tbe laoet 

Will bicjk •• 

Ry aid uf hcavru • ■> UW". 

N'aagbt will a rail -.. ( : \ nim tha/aa. 

1 iv lid of fit a two arxtf. 

Thv ' --ot 

rode 

111 li"; 1 li »t : 

To onaeL bteati 
Sii-«1 Bgain^l al "i"E * wl1 

TIM l''r-nklihklngwtc«hl»i v 
1 lord* hi high degreo, 

i.l ano/'ae tw 
•• !•: ■ 
Couragi ih.>j KirenbnU. 

And olusM iini "i'!r for on." 

I al Ihr tcm|Kit drMka upon 

Tbe cor*alr, 
With 1. il an.! giint wtatkl. 

Down up.. 1. ■ borai 

Ilia lance in thouwn.t <pllntet«fi«i'- 

Aii'l, with one mighty bouod. 
Unboned b] . lieWl 

And lulled UDOO the glOUOd. 

And when ihi inaclyeaafcat 

.: Ill- m.ghl. 

Kell 
la close and di i 

The «*>• filing ihlckajM 1 ' 

Rang I ulacc halla. 

With aouodinc blow* up. 
Thai shook ih« rtry walla. 

At ovary doahlng of theli armi 
V lliiniMiid »pilk» leapt out, 
I.Ike r. '.ctxge, 

b) arm.rei 

At l» u:ndcd}olnl- 

The nretona OWOld nude v. . 

And pierced Lb* (**»*'■ hoatt, He W 
And bled lil»lile».wiv 



— 







1r tit any : Its Pfofih ami its Pwnts. 



.when Mama Ui-llnio* 

lie dead, 
e placed span bit breast. 
• If M est off kit head. 
11 by llxe gttrfy betid 
die-bow unla; 
IssUurcoi : ,od, 

nil auny he threw. 

good steed then bo spiang. 

ag without deity, 

rwrd by bit pure, went forth 

llhtmimn! 

imng slop, 
at gateway high. 
w$ head with grinning teeth 
,of punn-by. 

Ibc mtllon »id. Heboid I 
ly D» Indeed 

any 
» Una of need. 

Laid Let • Brail sntwetcd sin -gb! 
my fights hive seen. 

P:»Dltm'd men 
■sH 

t erat I to betel, 

vod befaee. 
u»! encounter wbca 
he giant M ' 
my dear ex. mother. Ibon 

..oik for me, 
re. 'twill Ind (lid I-rsuc 1 
h will bsild lu Otc." 



V. 

7 II ■ cm;. 

Vt i-c*-3feii goes lo mail 
C hnnnelf to-day. 

SlbmiHOt horsemen brave 
ii the Irty. 
lidetb fortk, 

!C«d 

■ugb ibe echoing skies, and breaks 
to Lea-Been' bead. 

• squire lent Bnsioua heed 

m'e naate. my lord. I ptty 
Mhotnt. This opining dar 
not well for you." 

lealhooM? 
kalcan lief ef be. 
r I hue gives !o march. 
■*, earth must see. 
bits spark of life 
me. 
1 king of forctt Ijr.d 
k ay heel I tee.'' 

■lag. sprang his titter *mi 

*:. go eoe fund, for ne'er 

ou. return >. 

esefore. atotWr. tint lo meet 
• ib wouldst tkau be gone > 
taeustsln I thuuld bo Icit 

Iky only on*. 

u Horse of lie See behold 
pan ike thole ; 

rnnt terpen! him tt< 
nth marc and fl 



Behind, hit dank* sre interlaced 
it; 

id legs 
The hideous montttr slings. 

' The hajilctt crcatmc, SLiled, HO 
On h 'icalt, 

■ his teeth 

I enfa. 
r Raping Ttidc. hit tongu 

Ills triple tongus 
1'lery and i rolls bit area 

And hisses, mad with < 

■ But, ah ! his snakcllngs. eenomout brood, 
i •round ; 
The strife l> all unequal .- fly 

While Ibou »il tale an.l 
Nay. let tlr i louvindt com* : 

From death 1 do not Bee." 

■J he spake, already far, 
Kai Iroa his home wat he. 



Pan vi. 

TUB ■■■MIT. 

I. 
In hit cell at midnight sleeping. 

Lay thehcimil ol liciltfan; 

II llnec blows fell. 
With a Bids cautc uct-ceo- 

: i mr.holy hermit. 

Her* a plats "I rssug* seeking. 
Let me lie upon thy door. 

" Icy cold the wind ll blowing 
i i. Prankish land ; 

from the ten II b! 4*0 : 

Hid BM BOI .»Od. 

'• Tit Ihe hour when lock* ar; C 
Calkin I; 

E'en wild beasts and savage creatures 
Cca-.: ' .•! ill." 

■ Who comes thus tl midnight, seeking 

Entrance at my lonely dl 
•• One. to Brittany, i. 

Known lull well in dangers sore ; 
In her d«y of anguish, £*a-AV*fa, 
•..»'« llilf, the name 1 hue." 

- Nay, my door I will not open ; 
A seditious one ■! 
Wboagaiittl Iks W.r.Vs anointed 
Oft have earned a nbcl't due." 

" I seditious i Heaven Is witness 
K one am I of rebel en "■ 

. lo call ate traitor, 
I Ion U shell roe. 

Curved b« lie Frankli 
Cuisod thc,r king, and traitors too I 

•' Tea; the Prtnfcttre cowtrd traitors I 

RIM iki vl'lorv wire i 

" M«ti. beware ■! nor Iriand BOI rhinnin 

i:ut..'.l.j .ii norlghtof thloe. 

■• And the ling. Ihe Lord's anointed, 
Leaac of til he cu i« by ihe* " 

"Sa T . ; yrslher,*Mu»ly, 

Sncaa'sown anointed he: 
Ilditany by lleatan't toi-ertew 
Dcraslated tx'ar arould be. 



Brittany : Its People and its Poems. 



* But the aavcr of tbr demon 

:.iltoahoc; s 
It Put. ami evar 
I a be fain to sae. 

" Come. then, venmshle hrrmi*. 
Open u»:v» rue thy dnor. 
But a none * In 

Thit J Stipend all 

i eanral bid thee enter. 
Lot the Piwakaasoul d 
• r tilde* i 

Hearing IMC, lit ancient hermit 

■ lowly bed, 

LU In kattc a torch or rai 

ferttafUfc to open ipcd. 

Opaer.. I .. i:h horrnr. 

Back itc rrordnadi 

1-er-Hr inters. 

Reannx. Id lead. 

(K hi* (yaa :h«i hollow Mcketi 

fiwylifln. 
Wltdlj rolling ; iwlo, ibi 

ita at the fearful *lgb! 

" SB i-H, 

|he*( Heaven \ decree 
iinulil lake li 
Koi ■ I It be. 

•■ Me hare they aVeapitateil. 

Hun ild, 'nngivrn 

Will thou do the BUI ol Heat I 

'• If. in tooth, high Heaven pvnnlei me 
i .. i . lord, 

Willi luod will I Jo to. proving: 

I , : ■ III : - I ■ I ; Pel 

BrattOI by your knighll> swoid. 

..si plnct iic iMers 

Once as ■ . icdbcsd: 

Be. m llalad. 

In the Nam* ail spirits dread " 

■ ha power of IioIt water 
Kieelr spi ' 

ll to very manhood chancing; 
Lcl-BreU «0od-tho apectrc gone. 

When the ipattrs tblH had vanialicd. 
CkUiacl M rerPahk man : 
•• Wi mi mi, -t bard nanaa * 

Do," the hermit tsfie 1" 

oak fittl soldered 
Rom .(car, 

Waal for acven yc.irt, and daily 
. :>car. 

• .'.<■.. Ill-ctun fata wp/r fm/iti. ■ I 

in a contsmptaoua nam Satan, 

who it aaid to hnre horned hoobaBOa with til- 
ler, bin he aa» ilxaya loK one ol hit shoe*. 
1 The head r.1 M ll 0)1 battla, araa 

lakrn lo the rr.-iuk N'licliar. who he'd on the 

o rrooilat si . . el the 

Frankiah Una;, 



• Dally, at the hour of not 
Katun*, yew unit* wea- 
L'pto yonder mountain aasts.il: 
Thers a Ultle xream don, 

taat llttlo aiooauin taaeakt, 
Walcr yea matt boar a 

hcrmii. only »ay 
What )^-«r will, and I OB 

When the seven reara were andce, 
harcd hi* . .< the bone. 

M here theieadm ■ ntaca. 

Long and jjrey h.« hair had troaa 

Gray hit beard lowed o'er hit frlrdk) : 

Any who his form had seen 
1 1 j, I a hoary oak-tree taoaehtaha, 

■ ad had sera, 
i net bad i 
Altered thus In the* and jaien. 

One there wsa alone who knew tin 
Thioujca the wood a lady bright, 

fi I3< gtccliwillld . 

' l of purett u kite, 
•pa and wept, behsedtaf 
Ut-HreU in to pucoos pUthL. 

' Is II thou, my dear ton L*«-B«ej I 

l.ei-i. , la indeed,' 

Id, thai 1 may tree thee 
I'rom thy burden aore, with specf. 

' 1-el me with my golden art (ton 
Sever Ikia i kwln, 

I thy mother, Anne of Ai 

r n end thy Irogtbectd roan ,* 



A tnOnth and MTen reara had flown, 
When Lai lul v;ulre 

Throughout the land kit matter tot ft. 
With ban that cannot tike 

And at he rods by lie Nean'a wood, 
.*h: 
' Though 1 have tlain tua raorderer, f 

Ml deal lord lull iiaie I." 



Then 10 him fiom the forest ( 

A Wild and plaintive r 
What '. anauerln^ I 

Sriutfiiic the wind, lux !,'■*, 1 ihruwal 

Array they aped ihe greenwaeal earosf 1 . 
roaobed ihe aj»i 
. tho black ateod or Lea-rl 
itui them he heeded ool 



-aVafaawal 



The charger stood Ihe fasnlala 
lie neithei di 

Hut w 111 li!-< hoott he Jure the gTOUOe, 
W 1 1 h tad and do w ncatt head ; 

Than raised i:, nenhlngd, 
He wept, so aome mes> ssM. 

' Tell me.O venerable tire, 

■ mii nmn tome. 
Who It It thai beneath this meausd 
Sleeps In hla narrow hoaac r" 



1 Let-Bret! it l« who lies at real. 

Here in thi* lunciy toot. 
Pamed win . ah llrUtany 

. :any laaot. 



Brittany : Its People and its Poems. 



■t *UH wmke one «*rly d»y,» 
h»ioJ Priakiili boil. »vr»y ." 

wo warriors mentioned in 

the first is unkirawn ex< • 

opprobrious epithet of 

or "the leper." The 

the Ring" appears to 

one of those whom Louis 

e. after having conquered 

Barcelona, and retained 

ice. With regard to the 

of his master's death by 

•e, tradition it :it 

nt when a Frankirh war- 

Cos! struck off the 

lire of Morvan 
back with a mortal wound. 
I, a Frank- 
who accompanic<l the 
Louis, the head of Morvan 
ed to the monk Witchar, 
he had washed array the 
abed the hair, recogniz- 
ees to be those of Lcz- 
also relates that the body 
away by the Franks, and 
le Debonnaire thought 
mclf to arrange the cerei 
i sepulture, doubtless with 
to guard his tomb from 
,- of die Bretons, 
alar belief declared, as it 
ith regard to other heroes, 
: aids, that from his mi- 
rave he should OM day 
restore to his country 
endence of which his death 
red her. Seven years after 
van and the consc- 
ugation of Brittany, Guio- 
nt of Leon, of 
of Ler-Brciz, in 818 S| 
country to arms, and, after 
s struggle, succeeded in 
off the foreign domination 
to his countrymen. 

m««ttla «.». 8t». Iinere* ye*»i 

•wood 

ol I rincr, aud maintain the I*- 



Nomcnoc, one of die most astute 
as well as determined of the 1 

•.ings, after deceiving Charles 1c 
I ave for some time by a feigned 
submission, suddenly threw ofi 
mask, drove the Franks beyond the 
Oust and V*i 

of Nantes and Reunes have 

ever 

— and delivered his country 
from the tribute which they I 
compelled to pay to the Fit 
king. M. Augustin Thierry coniid 
crs the following description of the 
event wis. deliver- 

ance of llrittany to be " a poem of 
;kable beauty, full of allusions 

rsof a remote epoch, . 
I vividly symbolical picture 61 
prolonged inaction and the 
awakening of the patriot prince 

i be judged the right moment 
to have come." 

The fierce exultation of the poet 

ii the head of the Intel 
swept off to complete the 
weight, recalls the ■ 
not many years before: " Can 1 but 
see this Frankish king, he shall h 
what he asks, I will pay tribute 

I my SWOrd !" 

MM it.rct [>•-«*■» <rtn crrnere re«era. 
niH|»rillttlllMI ta*clirrp»doa«d*db»*r>i. "• 

THK TKXWTB OF NOW 

(Duoun-mixia N«v-u Rdl. 

Cut i» the golil herb t U>. the mWy Etta 

I in uoun Ilk* cloud* dtivra o'er 1ft* 

lilm:. 

At««J! Towir! 



Ik* the peal ■■■■» (be beigall of 

the m \m, 

St* tad hiin: i.ii lk« *pu» at tar»* «• 
h»v« puwil o'«r i.«. 
<w .admin bom thtliadlh- 
. uiunlmiiis : 

" Sim from th* bad of Ike Fnmk*.mite i 
uviie. tMtfctjr diivlng. 
So thai in no wi»c my «/«• ran twliolil hltn r«- 
Ufd 

• BnaoUmgtL 

tTw « ooir *> •* r' 

by Ihc tuml ■ ll rat wilkany blidc Ol 
me of sumc kind «»i »lw»)i «upi». 



Brillmwj : lit Fioplt and tit P<xms. 



tataa 




-a: 



:;\v 



<a.w» T 

Wt> a* 



• to* 



-•i-a-aa;. 



taw**; 
vahad a»»» aaaaV aad «*» hia 

NMi<M (MM. W»t. a3 daad aod 







dtfcaTaf Mann I-" 



.►4 Vt-k* 



.»». a**a4 •*« laad. r»o- 

■ «***•«*: lie IlTisa; aod 
4 =»©• tie r"raeii have 



Tit mauuiJu rt Kiub *ko key I 

aor train. 
Hat .- 

dtajwlt. 

- Ilk) head. a» Mir -ilk golden hair, the? ! 
to aaaae tie wt-ali!. 
They tare, ilia lb* bataao*. and kartl 



The* thick udbtilki Mo h9 ftaa I 

fasaer'i nca ryee. 
And gl-atraddwnkai loaf Uda*rOyh 

is f.uci. wim : 
They eperkled H*« the morniaK dcir s 

■paotiw, 
Wfctx wlin M<b«t>i wake tbca Ira ■ 

o< -loirting Bgkt. 

W*«a Koawaoc that beheld, a rearftl* 
■Mia: 
• By this bonr'i head, aad by the Ami 
cj lb* boar, 

I ntu or c ;ige eft auof I 

be o'rr : 

Nor wffl I «aib away tk« Meed boa i 



i it* wanked lit blcding 1 
tao*. ay Ujared land." 



Tb* thing whirt NomeaCe did no chkf I 

doa* before i 
WKfcaacl* to til w.th pebble-coon hc< 

don to the tbott .- 
r«bbiet aad Hat* fvt ulbeoa to the I 

> ranAah king : 
No thief but ouly KocaraSe c'«r I 

|fcJl IL i'£. 

II* nhod kh koetc with iHrer tntcn, I 

backward* every one, 
Aad ke aUaaetf to pay iha uibutt I 

Reuses i> | 
Mace that he a: no chief but ke <"id t 

before. 
Ami otrtr eklef arm do tht Uke I 



* II*. warden! opea mite >nur gal**! I 
opea Itt tkem be. 
That I any «n:«T Into Keimo aa It I 

Hiker cob* I, Urd Noattnbc, bregiagl 
b/(bMi 

My chariots all are filed titrewith u 1 
licy can hold." 

' Dasstod. O chKS ! ay lord, dcaccod. aid I 

la, 1 prey: 

Eater tin castle, aad command root I 

here to K*». 
Aad ia tke hands of year eaqalrce yen*" 

need leare bt'ow, 
While yon aaceea to tnpoer; but 



weald eraaa, 1 t: 
llark! ereo Bow to horn the water' I 
coroetekv 



caa mil drire ,. 



AUlngwdf*:*. mrU:r.i. laraiii: btl 

tribute sreightd." 
Tat Erst nack brought tbty, -«l! tied ■ 

weight ia full it M ad e . 

• AMuOotn w*rr 
rtf «u at the we ad of a bora ; thu» " kira •*» 
io horn the ■ 



t was eke lie name, aad then 

Ob! ok! Ihcre larki Ihr 
1.1 thai I 

I IarSeadaat laal beheld, quick Uratok- 

ty ■pern lac tack, to kmr la* knotind 

r laceedant, I wilt rut the rauenlog 



raaa ik« scabbard leapt «tc be 
•rardu 

t crouching Frank it fell, M fell with 

I anil i 

i kit shoulders swept hit bead, and 
e chain. 



-id the Kalt% inlo, and 
weighed Ihc hi!.. 

aktawm— .top '" Ihey cried J 



••:be» bnag ; hi»»-.t- ! 
m Mm with speadl 
' Mat brtflf » "-it link* to light my way— ike 
night u dark indeed. 

lark, the toad fc lor: tw 

if m lair bedecked, and ye your 
I 

1 1 scales or gold shall yos. 
for evermore. 
Vie to weigh ninu from Brittany and pebble* 
from btf suoie." 



KOCHE, KING OF PITT. 



, the sub; 

i on the remote i Ihat- 

tbe SouthciD Pacific O 
if a cruel servitude to lly from 
ve bland, he passed many 
dutc .1 the little 

:>ing some 
it fiom Chatham. 1 lere he 
jisputcd master of the land 
whence the title 
; of Pitt " among those who 
His account of his. r.a- 
nd and its inhabitants, 

lis own adventures, show 
have been a roan of an on- 
no adverse for- 
uM bend, much. lea break; 
I he been known to Carlyle, 
have been placed by 
his heroes for worship and 
»; but, unluckily, Cat 
aid of him. 

well, in order to imda 
and ad-, 
of I'm," to rel 
'untry and people from •„ 

fore going into the de- 
lis career, 
auri, one of the South Sea 
rot- xvii. — 35 



islaods, called by the English, Chat- 
bam, li-'i several hundred miles to 
the eastward of New Zealand. Its 
history up to the year 1791 rests 
upon tradition, as prior to that date- 
its inhabitants had not acquired, 
among their many accomplishini 
the art of letter?, km I: 
from whose mouth this narrative 

1 taken, says that his people were 
from the earliest period inclined to 

■ Bail] [iiir-ints, and subsisted 
cliiclly upon tab and Nil; that 
they enjoyed a democracy, and con- 
ducted their Bmple- aflairs by a coun- 
cil uf notable men. lie did not 
hesitate, however, to acknowledge 
that when at long intervals, covering 
a generation, a high and prolonged 
wort wind drove a canoe-load of 
New Zcalandcrs upon their shores, 
ihcy forthwith and without cere- 
mony slew tlii'u). Hut lie jtiM 

;ature from their ordinary 
habits on the ground of pul 
policy ; as, had they receive*! 1 
in charity, and pursued the peaceful 
tenor of their way, their involuntary 

KKa would have ended by slay- 



island to the northwest, which 

id doubtless seen from 

r woods wctc filled 

rttl birds, and fruit of 

dark, 

arent waters of many lakes,' 

here — what a poor pi 

y mountain, no lakeland 

ksavc the karaka, which, 
it was, was bitter compared 
ruit which grew in the west. 
a no man upon it to rule 
teat island. It called aloud 
master — a son of TuUi — to go 
The youth listened to the 
rT, ami ambition elated his 
he arose from the rock, and 
to be shown the path that led 
he water. The eagle, looking 
a askance, promised him wings 
over, provided he would first 
r an easy service by taking 

the top of the mountain. 
taring thus, the youth cast him* 
pon his face on the sand, 

where he lay for 1 
y the conflict between the good 
of obedience, and the evil one 
ibition. as they warred within 
or the master)-. As the sun 
Iris guardian angel fled discom- 

• rose to his feet with a 
er, and, taking the eagle on his 
ascended the mountain, and in 
trk cast him loose in the for- 

1 field. AH night long the 
id death-cry of birds smote 

ear, and, when mon 
long of the mako was 
e tuls had ceased to mock. 
t people assembled in alarm. A 
to whom its mother I 
ell dead; they gathered about 
iror. The eagle hovered 
;hem, and uttered his war-cry. 
jnscience-striken youth confess- 
rhc day was passed in peni- 
and sonow about the bo 

. wailing 
1 1 unger assailed them ; I 



burned the remains on a funeral- 
pyre built of the fragrant kalanni, 

and, descendi n g the mountain, fed 

upon the root of the fern, and drank 

the living spri 
The youth wandered by the shore, 
alone, stung with remorse, and, meet- 
the eagle, was taught by him to 
construct the korari, the model of 
all canoes, made in the likeness of 
a sledge, with a wicker-work of 
tough creepers, having a false bot- 

fUled with buoyant kelp. He 
put to sea with hisfamir 
on Ware-kauri, which he found, as 
the eagle had said, uninhabited by 
man, a continent in sue compared 
to I i:c; with undulating, 

fertile plains to the south, and 1 
mountains in the north, sparkling 

lakes of dark transparent water, 
and vocal with the song and bright 
with the plumage of birds. Filled 
with new joy, he sent back tidings to 
kinsmen, and was followed by 
successive emigrations, until Rangi- 
haute was deserted save by a timid 
few who feared the . ! iiuscame 
about the sen i Ware-kauri: 

and to this extent is the tradition of 
the people. 

From this time on they had lived 
in tingle families, or in companies 
of two or Hi ; n place 

to place as food became less plenti- 
ful, or ai fancy or a love of change 
dictated ; being careful, in pitc 
their new and fragile hal , not 

to crowd upon established grot 
In the sealing season, the families of 
the interior came down to the coast, 
and laid in from the rocks and reek 
a supply of meat and and 

ling on the shore became 
dull, or the birds wild with Bra 
hunting, the people of the sea i 
died up their effects, and moved to 
the interior lakes, chiefly to the great 
Tewanga, filled with fish, and cover- 
ed with wild fowl. 



he. King of Pitt. 



They dr«s«d in cloaks of seal-skin. 
Their only weapon of offence or de- 
H a club, seldom used ex- 
cept in killing a seal. Tattooing was 
unkr.o.i n. No ornaments were in 
use. I - : . ctli of deceased Mia 
"were burned with their bodie? 
worn about the neck and wii.it, as in 
New Zealand, where they commit 

absurdity of placing the departed 
ting posture in wooden boxes, 

•r abstracting their teeth 10 deck 
the lurvivon, in the name of re)!: 

Tuiti burned their dead to avoid 
the fearful idea of prolonged decay. 
Man spring* from the earth as the 
flov. : they return him to 

his mother, as the (all fires, sweeping 

I die plain, return the flower; she 
drinks in with the rain the ashes of 
her children, man and flower, and 
sends them forth again after a season 
of repose to reign over and to bet 
the land. The soDgs of the women 
were plaintive and sweet, rivalling 
those of the honey-cater, the mako- 
mako, who sang of love, and of the 
tuit, or mocking-bird, that mimi 
from every tree and bush, and rilled 
the island with its false but beutl 
notes. 
Thus had lived the race in peace 
:y for centuries beyond their 
simple means of computation, and 
thus were living, fearing no evil from 

i out, save the landing of a stray 
storm-driven canoe from Zealand, 
when, towards the end of the last 
the sloopof-war Diutnery 
and its armed tender Chatham, com- 
manded by Vancouver, made a i 
age of discovery around the world, 
by command of his majesty. The 
Chatham, Captain William Henry 
Broughton, separated in a storm from 
ber consort, discovered (he island 
on Nov. so, 1 79 1, and took posses- 
sion : i the customary cerc- 
i the name of his majesty, M 
first discoverer. 



Broughton, as he appn 
coast, saw a continued 
beach interspersed with 

\cd with 
The country appeared wrrj 
I here tol 
there, and smoke arising above sit 1 
trees. With his glass he perceiteij 
some people hauling up a canoe, a4j 
proceeded to the shore in a cant' 
The natives, seated on the beach, ■•■ 
vi ted the parly: 

cd and saluted them by meetiar 
noses; and with great noise eeierei 
into an animated but unintetligitfe 
conversation by signs, gestures, ltd 
speech. They were a checrfu 
the conversation of the i 
qucntly exciting them to bw 
laughter. The young wore featkn 

r hair, and a few among then 
a necklace of mother-of-pearl. All 
were cleanly and neatly dressed. Tke 
woods, which grew in a luxurial 
r, afforded delightful shiiSe, 
free of low limbs and underbred 
ly places were formed irf 
arbors by bending and 
the branches when young. The 
was rich, and the forests and 

with birds of 
which appeared as though 
molested. 

The surprise of the islander*, 
exclamations, and admiration oo be 
holding the strangers, could 
be imagined. They pointed to 
ton and then to Broughton, and in- 
quired if he came from t 
answer he gave them a de.i : 
pointed out the cause of its death 
fired -.need op» 

All fled to the wood except- 
ing one man, who stood his ground 
and offered battle. Wax was pro- 
claimed. The hero was rci; 

le sailors fell back to the beach, 
followed by fourteen men, armi 
spears or driftwood picked 
they advanced. " When abn 



Koche, King of Pitt. 



549 



says Broughton, '• the;, 
morous, ; each 

surrounded us, A y 
ted towards mc in a men- 
le, distorted his person, 
ip his cy nd* hid- 

es and fierce gestures. As 
came in, they began the 
Ve fired. Johnson's mus- 
Imocked from his hand by a 
ICB were forced into tlic 
en the boat's crew opened 
em and they fled, save one 
on the bench with a ball 
is brei : pushed 

n came out of the woods, 
by the deceased, and in a 
owl uttered his ion." 

the boast 
light on hostilities he mere- 
to show the natives the 
effect of his firearms. 
so, or it may he thai in the 
cess of confirming his 
tie to the island, and 
to make assurance doubly 
had emptied more bottles to 
sty's health than was good 
and had fired to astonish 
es. Be this as it may, it 
1 to be regretted that (be. 
a que?" itcng such 

spect should have been a 
Jeruonstralion. But the Sax- 
but one way to colonize, 
leads the aborigines " into 
cave of eternal night." 
her of Koche told him that 
ip was leaving the shore 
phcre became dark, sultry, 
omy, and thunder and light- 
cended the mountain and 
e retreating strangers into 
Meantime, the dead nan 
beach with a bullet 
is heart. Civilization had 

cfl was held, and the fact 
ain was not carried off was 
proof that " the children 



of the sun" were not cannibals, and 
by some doubts were expressed as 
to their intent in landing. It was 
concluded, in the event of their re: 
to meet them with an emblem 
peace. Accordingly, when in 

n a sealer entered the bay of 
WaitMgi and its boat touched the 
sands, the natives laid down t 
spears and clubs, a man adva:. 
and placed one end of a grass plant 
in the hands of the captain, I 
ing on to the other, made him a 
speech of welcome, threw Over him 
his Own cloak, and thus eM 
a firm and lasting peace; and from 
i the fishermen who 
frequented the coast (band them hos- 
pitable, cher:: 

assistants in their lab iovc 

between them flourished like the 
palm." 

On the quarter-deck Of Ml Ameri- 
ca!, the Pacifi 
Ocean, and chiefly at night, Koche 
related the sorrows of his race, the 
private and public wrongs that had 
the Tuiii to a handful of 
Of hit own mistreatment he 
made little account, relating his per 
sonal oppression in a spirit of fun 
and bravado, relieved occasionally 
by a flash of hate. In calm weather 
his broken narrative ran tersely, and 
was marked by humor and ■ lack 
strong feeling ; but when the stor 
spirit arose, and washed the lowe 
deck and enveloped the upper in 
■ voice grew hoarse, his eye 
flashed, and his white teeth G 
time to time came together with a 
clash that made the blood tingle. 

He said that one summer, about 
eighteen years before, a vessel in 
search of seal anchon nail 

oval bay of Pohaute,overlookc<l by the 
unfa Wakai Pai, a volcanic pyra- 
:. the loftiest on the . I the 

base of which he lived. With 
family and friends, he went down to 



5$o 



Kochf, King of Pitt. 



greet the ncw-comcTS, when, to the 
surprise of every one, there faded 
among the white men a New Zea- 
land chief armed to the teeth. His 
hair, carefully combed and oiled, was 
tied up on the crown of his head, 
mm! surrounded by a fillet of white 
imm his cars protruded 
bunches of soft down. 1 • •. . L._ :itly a 
nun of power, accustomed to com- 
mand, lie inspired a mysterious 
dread, and would have been slain 
for the protection he was under. 
The future darkened as he walked 
the beach, questioning the people on 
r politics and religion, manners 
and customs; and it was long re- 
membered that he highly commend- 
ed the veneration they crKcrt 
for sacred places, anil walked off 
mil,: : iu tnswee lo his In 

quiry one was pointed out. It was 
Mate-oro, chief of the Nga-te Mo- 
tunga, who had lately been defeated 
in battle by the Wai Kato, and 
driven with his tribe from the valley 
of the Komimi to the coast of New 
Zealand, from whence he had em- 
barked for Ware-kauri, and ap- 
peared among the simple inhabitants 
as Satan in Paradise — the forerunner 
of troops of fiends. 

A red bluff beetled over the bay — a 
conglomerate of particles of col 
clay, cemented by a carbonate of lime, 
embedded with dark shining no- 
dules of iron, and traversed by dikes 
of basaltic lava. Its summit w.i 
CTcd. One morning before sum 
B native ascended to offer his devo- 
tions, and was horTor-struck on be- 
holding in the holy field an iron pot. 
I te sped down to communicate the 
ttsitllQg intelligence, aud returned 
with a party of thirteen to verify 
the reported sacrilege. Kochc, who 
was of the number, threw off his 
cloak, tore up a fragment of rock, 
and dashed the profane utensil to 
pieces. A parly of sailors, with a 



couple of bull-dogs, gui. ; . 
oro, pursued ami overtook 
He shot dead one who turned 
attempted an cxplanati 
maining twelve were bound 
hung by the feet from a tree, 
downward, until nearly dead 
chief returned to New Zealand, ss- 
scmblcd his people, represented the 
Island ai fertile and full of unaraot 
slaves, and recommend 
gation. The brig Lard AuW» 
taking her pay in pigs, potatoes, 
flax (and name, later on!), in 
led the tribe, num! 
eight hundred, on the fated ak 
The natives offered no resistance to 

licrce invaders armed with fire- 
locks, and were duly parcelled o*t 
among their conquerors, and oa- 
demned to hard labor for life. Hi 
itlea of moderation in the amount ex- 
acted was entertained. In a sice 
time, they furnished thirty tea* 
annually with supplies. Hut the 
race began rapidly to run out, wits 
bent backs and paralytic bait* 
Skulls on the beach, pierced by Bos- 
ket balls or battered by club:. 
tale to visitors their tyrants couida* 
deny. Valuable as was their lab* 
in drunken orgies they were slain to 
food. 

Once cheerful, full of mirth «*" 
laughter, they became morose !•* 
taciturn. Kochc, with many others, 
persistently refused to work ; *** 
died under, others yielded to, tht 
lash ; and he, who had been dttjgti 
by a rope lo the field, and beat** 

and would neither yield norp 1 * 
up the ghost, was taken by the 
to his house to break in. He con- 
tinued ruoi naintaincd h** 
dependence so far as to execute <Mj 
such commissions as pleased hin, 

ntly courting death by mtidf 
and stubbornly refusing to obey 

. Mute oro seemed to respect 
his attitude to some extent, and cm- 



K«ehc, King of Pitt. 



5S» 



supply his tabic with 
ing Jiiiu a canoe fun. 

en for ihe purpose. 

Ic between them now 

this occupation gave 

tude ami freedom when 

opportunity to muse over 

himself and p 

■me to the conclusion that 

ess to attempt an insurrcc- 

>opulatton being unarmed, 
and under an 
But fur his single self, he 

ed on resistance to the last, 
boat tossed on the 

d over many schemes for 

tiun of his would-be 

rsonal conflict was most 

ncc with his disposition, 

a time he was tempted, 

as he was, to close m a 
Kle, out <>f which, dc-ubt» 
uld have come victorious, 
. for though but lit- 
he middle height, he was 
deep-chested, with sinews 

sd capable of immense ex- 

d, above all, was animated 
thr.t would have revelled 
U but followed as the 
not to be 
and he reluctantly aban- 
favored purpose. His 
ften wandered to the era- 
race, now uninhabited, to 
had made a visit » 

outh, where he felt assured 
harbor of refuge, if 

could be i ; 

the midst of such reflcc- 

on, he drew up from 

a fish seldom taken — the 

icasant to the taste, but a 

K>bon, a small portion of 
. 

i, and a full meal, death. 
c face beamed with satis- 

d his dark eye glistened as 
ed and dropped it into the 

xary to the custom, which 



was to kill and throw it bade into the 
sea. On landing, he placed his d 
gerous prize in a small salt-water 
pool near the beach, into which, as 
lie caught them, he placed others, 

I a large mess was collected. 
This he brought home MM night 

i the wind bll ! north- 

west, and persuaded the cook to 
serve up for the morning meal. Di- 
recting her to throw the offal to the 
wood-hogs, he disappeared, and soon 
after midnight reached the cast 
coast, seized a canoe, and pot to sea. 

cook, who had her moi 
diate grudge to gratify, regaled the 
favorite dogs with the heads and cn- 
ti. ils; and this deviation from OTdCTS 
frustrated the amiable purpose of 
her co-conspirator. The howls of 
his four-footed companions in the 
night, followed by their death in the 

nr>g. told the suspicious Indian 

Ic of poison, which a visit to the 
kitchen confirmed A portion of the 
breakfast thrown to a stray dog 
promptly finished him. 

Kochc was sought for high 
low, the island ransacked in vain: 
trace of I "und, and the con- 

clusion vas arrived he had 

thrown himself into the sea. The 
chief had taken up a hatchet to kill 
his cook, but she sullenly asserted 
she had never seen a mo-ccka be- 
fore, and was believed and spared) 
partly because the fish was rare and 
seldom brought to land when tal 

;iartly because her good cooking 
a his palate. 
I to this attempt to treat him 
to the mo-ccka, Matc-oro bad swept 
the He OJ haute of its inhab- 

The number of captives had 
proved much smaller than had been 
anticipated, amounting in all to ten 
families, and barely repaid the trou- 
i the voyage. 
i kochc, on the day I 
ing the episode of the | h — 



Keckt, King of Pitt. 



the last, as he flattered himself; of 
: -oro— ascended the mountain 
of i'itt, and stood upon a throne — 

- He MS raonarck. ofaU U tummi. 
lli» iuM»thcr«««r»non»niil«i™t«: 
Krom l*e oenue all tcmnC to th« <•«. 
■*»• ioti oTtke fowl «cl ibe brela." 

first care was to make a royal 
progress over his dominion, in which 
he fully expected to rcijm to the 
He felt no 
fear of invasion, having traversed 
Ware kauri, and effected his embark- 
ation unseen. No motive existed 
: ieuily strong to induce one, in 
the face of the difficulties of a return 
trip against the wind, unless it might 
be revenge on the part of Matc-oro, 
who was dead, and had ceased lo 
trouble him. Of domestic foe 
had none. The Norway rat, a de- 
serter from a seal-ship, was the only 
quadruped on the islam!: and the 
seal and sea-lion, the only amphib- 
ious animals that had ever ficq •: 
cd the coast, had long since been 
extirpated, and t he scalers came i 
no more. All looked favorable for 
a quiet reign. 

Near an old seal camp, he found 
growing some wild wheat, which he 
cultivated after a manner, n 
with wild w.i'.i-r (Tcsve*, feni- 

TOOt, and karaka, left bin nut'nii. 
desire in the way of vegetable food. 
On the i ' rabs and 

lobsters, and the echini (sea-eggs) 
in the hollows of the rod; ; tad at 
times, tO supplement lii-: feast, the 
sea threw up her orange-colored 
pear. The blue petrel had their 
nations in the woods, in the 
mod under the roots of trees, and 
in crevices of rocks, and were spear- 
ed at night as they flew about iu 
numbers with a noise like the croak- 
ing of frogs. They passed the day 
at sea-fUhing, and not one was to be 
•Bffl i stop to their 

put turned to 



littered and croaked for 
before retiring to rest. But the 
ject that gave its sovereign 
trouble was the dark-brown 
hen, of the size of a barnyard 
inhabited the tkali of 
woods, and fed on die beach, 
was unable to fly, and made no 
tempi to escape when api 
but stood its ground, w 
like a pious Turk, to it* fate. 

At the ba»e of the 
a strong spring, he formed ft 
house— an arbor of the trees std 
shrubs of aromatic myrtle— and, be- 
sides supplying his wants, did Stflf 
else but wander over the isle during 
the summer season ; but, when win- 
ter came, he retired to a 
mountain, front which he cxpeDai 

bats, and devoted his lei 
making the utensils of the chair, 
toilet, and He mar. 

id baskets, nets, and lines of twisted 
fibre, fish-hooks of mother-of-pesA 

ea of sharp quartz, razors ef 
shell, and mats for bedding tai 
cloaks. 

He covered his fish alive 
hot ashes, and. when cooked, pet 
off the skin, and ate Ute flesh fro* 
the ribs. He cooked his meat in a" 1 
of which he had one at esch 
idence, and several at points 0" 
the shore. It consisted of a hole i" 
the ground lined with stone, int. 
he built a fire, and placed pe! 
and .-tones. Mis game, after th( 
dinary cleaning, was scrubbed with 
sand on the outside, and 
washed inside and out. Hot pebbles 
were placed in the belly ami shaken 
in under the breast, and green aro- 
matic leaves stuffed in upon 

oven was then cleared of nn* 

and pebbles, and lin< reen 

leaves, and the game placed in the 

bottom. The fat and 

i 

irk, and b the blood, t» 



Koeht, King 0/ 



553 



Topped with hot stones, 
me a later of such vegetables 
in season or at band, 
Ic was spread over with 
n which the remaining hot 
ere placed, covered in turn 
ves, and rilled in with sod 

: ntenraloc 
he size of the mess, it was 
read upon a cloth of 
• es of the karaka, and 
r. 

ig fared hotter, and no one 

! his days in 

.ice. No op- 

olitioiara were there to vex 

with diverse counsels, and 

le worse appear to him the 

ason; no blood of fellow- 

Rdown his spirit ; no 
ed for rewar J, or silent 
k from punishment, 
ew neither hunger, thirst, nor 
fear, nor jealousy, and ap- 
as near as it lay in fallen 
estate of our renowned 
n the garden before tbfl 
ion of Eve. He was > 
ling no Eve, or Cain, or 
id for ten solitary years 
as gra: was unap- 

and reigned unchallenged. 
), the captain of ■ w 
cy offered to buy of Mate- 
ion of the island of Ware- 
lay about the bay of 
then owned and possessed 
:h of the tribe commanded 
Tonia. The terms were 
on, payment to be made 
r. But the Nga-tc-Toma 
be pt> on to de- 

possessions of black loam 
lad, the more especially as 
1 mdlc the purchase- 
War was declared, and the 
nous Te-Toma neTe driven 
htwi 10 their 

near the beach, and re- 
cstcd. 



At this juncture, the bark Cuba, 
having on board one I b, a 

nat;: ->ppcd anchor in the 

bay, entered into negotiations with 
both panic*, ami, moved by the 
spirit of Christian charity, ended by 
taking off the Tc-Toma at night in 
boats to their ship— first the women 
and children, followed by the naked 
warriors, stained with ochre, armed, 
feathered, and equipped. The last to 
leave set fire to the huts and aban- 
doned property. The flames g 
the alarm to their opponents, who 
rushed through the fort to the beach, 
where they arrive: 
presented, illuminated by the burning 
ill the background, a vivid 
picture of baffled rage, going through 
the war-dance with fearful yells and 
contortions. But they danced in 
KttB, though the exercise may have 
afforded ti: ;,oly gratifi- 

cation. The Cuba forthwith put to 
sea, tfnd'luded net human ireight 
on the northeastern shore among 
friends; but not until she had taken 
from them deeds in fee of all 1 
possessions in the west. Then, judj 
ing wisely that Mate-oro would be 
found in no mood at that moment to 
discuss their lately acquired title, she 
[nit to sea and bore down on Rangi- 
haute, being the first vessel to cross 
the channel since Kochc passed over 
in his canoe ten years before. 

Dicffcnbach landed with a party, 
and h botanizing the isle was led to 
the bower by a small spiral column 
of white smoke that arose from the 
oven. No inhabitant was to be seen. 

summer-house was ransackci I 
nets, pearl-hooks. bas- 

. the oven opened, and a spread 
of r: , hen, and karaka high- 

ly rclisht- : k, transparent wa- 

ter of the spring reflected the faces of 
t he robbers, as they ben t over to drink, 
with a distinctness of outline unat- 
tainable by the white water of other 



land*; but when Kochc returned to 
his habitation, which be did when 
the ship was well nt sea, the reflec- 
tion had vanished from hi* mirror, 
the dinner from his oven, and the 
furniture from his bower. As from a 
rock he watched the receding bark, 
freighted with his peace of mind, he 
hoped and prayed she would 
Ware-kauri without touching; but 
she ran in nevertheless, communica- 
ted with her friends, and related the 
visit to the isle. The news that 
Kangi-haute was inhabited soon 
reached Mate-oro, who read the rid 
die at once, and soon after went 
over in person in pursuit of his 
quondam slave. 

The party landed before noon, and, 
separating, c.l lOO the bower 

from different direction! to fmd it 
empty. They soon, however, struck 
a fresh trait, which led them down 
the OOast tO > small inlet, in which it 

red. Finding it 'did not 
be on the opposite side, they as- 
cended cither bank, watching closely 
for signs, until the bed of the stream 
dwindled to a rivulet and entered a 
thicket; when the trail was taken up 
and followed with difficulty throu 
bushes and underwood, mailed with 
vines, until it failed totally. Circuits 
and much time wasted 
-s search, but the thread was 
lost, when the leader suddenly order- 
ed the party back on the trail to the 
mouth of the inlet, which they cross- 
ed, and moved down the bench look- 
lor footprints in the sand. I..uc 
in the afternoon they arrived opposite 
a coral rock that stood out a mile in 
the sea. The water was smooth, 
and a man ssvnm out to reconnoii 
They watched him until he dis- 
appeared behind the rock, which 
presented a bluff to the shore, and 

waited patiently to hear from him, 
but an hour had elapsed and he 



made no sign. The general opiuos 
was that he had be; edby* 

shark. Mate-oro thought otherwise 
He ft a couple of men mdt 

i the boat at day- 
break, set a watch beich, 
built a fire, and went into camp. 

A favorable breeze springing vf, 
the boat came in ei abosd 

rty, and rowed nut. In a d«p 
fissure in the rock, from »! 
was unable to extricate himself, tfaey 
found the Indian who had s«umo<s 
the evening before He told 6* 
that when he turned, and was alwot 
to land, he was seized by i 
and drawn under the water, *ai> 
being tired and out of breath, airoatf 
ntly lost consciousness. 

When he recovered he found iaa> 
self in utter darkness, and thong!* 
he had passed into the spirit-Usi 
znd was imbedded in a mountains)' 
punishment. Alter a time he b» 
looked up and seen t'.ie stars, u< 
could make nothing of his coixluioo. 
He had seen or heard no one. 
well as he could recollect, the grasp 
on his ankle felt like the hand of* 
man. Several pieces of fresh broken 
were found, but no foot] 

The party hastened ashore, and, 
leaving a m die boa:, 

down the beach, and a 
struck the trail coming out 
water, and pursued it up a frightful 
chasm in the mountain, npi 

it an outlet. Hut 
cd the head they discovered tbcpstf* 
at which the trail began the a^cat, 
and abandoning : n*n> 

after much difficulty ami dangtfi 
I the summit; when, to tbtf 
inexpressible astonishment, t 
led them directly back to their ciar? 
on the beach — on reaching 
they found their boatman lying « 
the sand bound hand and fo 
a running vine, gagged, and stunned 



Ktnttf, AY*/ of Pit 



553 



on the bead, and the boat 

ge of Mate-oro was exces- 

expended itself upon the 

boatman, whom lie order- 

ed into tlie surf — a step 

y regretted and attempted 

but when dragged out to 

uestioned, the body COold 

a: :. shade had 

1 was paddling a phan- 

>e over the S«ygian river to 

wy fishing-grounds. 

:i, full of wrath, set to 
built a koiaii, in which, 
wind became favorable, 
e their way home, all 
edictions upon the hen: 
ous runaway. During their 
>ured the island for 
rpt a lookout for their 
but saw nothing of cither, 
eastward of the southern 
Rangi-hautc, and five miles 
cs the islet of Ranga-tira, 
of a single mount of mode- 
rora two to three 
*oss at the baie, behind 
xhc took shelter in his cap- 
oat. The same favoring 
at brought down his ene- 
e morning, enabled him in 
i double the "tira," and 
n her little bc3ch of forty 
tc out of sight and re 

r been content to 

his permanent habitation 

might doubtless have gone 

islet was too small to 

ace of concealment, and he 

unsuccessful search on the 

nd would be followed by 

•mailer, in which event 

ould be impossible. 

other reasons, in which the 

of food entered, but a cat- 

hment to his old haunts 

returned in the night after 

ice of a month, and, re 



noitring, found the coast dear, 
had resumed his old ! 
to them a bright lookout to the 
■ l-.wwt, when one morning at 
daybreak, some H later, he 

disc iree canoe* dose into 

shore. He instantly Strut k in; 
deep ravine, and hoped by doub 
to gain time to reach and launch his 
boat. But he bad hardly got fairly 
off before his trail H up, and 

after a hot chase, in ascending 
dark defile, the dogs brought him to 
bay, and, turning, he tqok up a rock 
and dashed out the brains of the 
foremost, and was in deadly conflict 
with the pack, bleeding and faint, 
when a Zcalandcr came up with a 
dub and felled him to the ground. 
When he recovered his senses they 
were dragging him down the moun- 
tain by 1 about the waist, 
torn with stones and briers, and 

bathed in blood ; but ovto then, un- 
til they reached the whits beach, 
bed red, he caught at every 
root, and projecting Stone, and bush, 
and log, and held on with such 
tenacity that they were compelled 
to beat his hands lo force them to 
relax. He lay on the sand Don 
hand and foot all night, with parch- 
ed mouth and llim.it, SO bitten by 
the black sand Bj 111 it by noon on 
the foiluwing day he was swollen out 
of the semblance of man. 

When taken back to Ware-kauri 
he was confined and watched closely, 
tain. the title of ,; King of 

I'm bland," fed and watered, but not 
lily ill-used. When sufficiently 
recovered and ordered to work, he 
stood mo lashing, 

seeking death ; but his master, n 
felt his honor enlisted r.: the contest, 
had resolved to break, not kill him . 
and no provocation could wring from 
him the death-stroke. Perceiving 
tin.', on the third morning, Koche set 



Koche, King of Pitt, 



10 work when ordered, and from 
thence performed the labor of two 
men; apparently completely subju- 
gated. From the fight with the dogs 
in the defile he had not Uttered a 
word; now he became cheerful and 

In the fourth year of his renewed 
captivity, all watch upon him having 
been removed, he was one evening 
among the slaves, employed in pad- 
dlinji out canoe- loads of provisions 
to a whale-ship that was lifting her 
anchor to sail. He bonded, and 
be hold unnoticed; and 
the ship was clearing the harbor, 
when Matc-oro came out and insti- 
tuted search. He was found and 
dragged on deck, but broke from bis 
captors and sprang overboard. The 
ship's boat gave chase, overhauled 
. and, as Matc-oro rose up in the 
bow to lay hands on him, he di . 
and, coming up behind, unshipped 
their rudder, and in the gathering 
dark reached the headland and dis- 
appeared. He made his way by 
cnc paths to the eastern coast, where, 
rinding an abandoned and broken 
canoe, he stuffed her with kelp, and 
put to sea ; by daylight he bad sank 
bcr below the eastern horizon, it 

her on the beach of 
Ran gi haute. 

be was himself again. He 
bre.i ■ the air of freedom, 

and his soul exulted. Taught in bis 
little school of adversity, he knew 
that vigilance would be the price of 
bis liberty, and determined to exer- 
cise it, and carried oat his resolution 
as well, perhaps, as any man i 
the sun first shed on Kdcn his de- 
lightful beams — that sun which shone 
upon him in his frail canoe that day 
lor the last time for two dark years ; 
and on which, of his own free will, he 
never would have looked again. 

After picking up what to. 






could find upon the bea 
breaking up and burying hfacanoen 
a sand dune, he crossed the moo- 
plunging into an obsewr 
thicket, almost impenetrable, criwW 
into a crevi mded by 

fragments of \ TV 

.as almost abc laeees- 

sible. and the danger of approidl 
would have appalled a spirit Id) 
dauntless than ::-cnt on lb- 

erty or death. He had breasted tt 
nay to it in the glare of day »b«i 
perambulating his dominion ; 
entered it whb speed and safi 
fugitive at i 

In his retreat, he made and used so 
instrument whatever — no spear. « 
snare, or knife, or line, or net. He 
never once approached the si 
left the circle of his crags and dm* 
surrounding thi iuik M 

peered from his sepulchre, and wates- 
cd the birds take up their roosts *pM 
the overtopping trees and bushes, awl 
d caught them in the 
night, and ate : i::ger*l 

first assailed him ; but his eye, bcton- 
ing adjusted to the dark, mirkd 
down his prey with unerring c<rtao- 
ty, and he was soon 
keep the wolf from his d 
water-drip in the rock qi 
thirst. At dawn he sank in» *• 
earth, leaving behind no trace, o° 
print of foot, no trail ; and when lb* 
sun uprose, 



"Tkmhtavcic ccrl'4 
Kick tram m > 






Tnc annals of his dark reign 
sonn told. Sleeping one day do* 8 
in the impenetrable darkness, he **? 
startled by the deep bay of a ^°°\i 
hound ; and his prophetic soul * 
him that the day of his scco: 

eraent had dawned, and 
of freedom passed. Matc-oro 
scan rain, and 



, King of Pit 



557 



ant, when Gobiah, a New 
ton of Belial, brought over 
ntcr whose deep hate pene- 
d ran the 
earth, 
lation in Ware-kauri was on 
wing the absence of the 
I on its return with 
e king a curious crowd as- 
a the beach to greet Um 
at came through the 
e-oro on the prow and 
und at his feet, a shout went 
;. followed by 
owling for the " King of 
he march across the island 
l. Crowds flocked to 
ip.il figures. ) 
landers praised their perse- 
liief, . upon the 

to buret The 

i'.h sullen and down- 
felt their faint hearts beat 
they caught a glance of 
mitablc countryman, siimu- 
the sunlight, erect and 
the taunts of the 
Niing as 
and. 

shared the 

day, and all went mcr- 

igc-bell. 

plure, with its varying and 

ory details, wasthesensaiion 

od, and would have filled 

ns of a newspaper, had one 



existed, for a month. It subsided h\ 
due course, and Kochc, after another 
futile attempt to get himself dc 
spat' with 

I and good Ch( 'ign 

character was now :iy recog- 

nized, and he was invariably ad- 
dressed by his title in full. He ac- 
cept' bumor, tinged with 
a little pd 

cd upon him with secret respect, 
while by his own people he was 
regarded as one who, had their 
been less hopeless, vc prov 

cd the leader and saviour of the 
nation. 

Two years elapsed, when an A 
cap vessel, ready for sea, was boa 
cd by Mate-oro, ami a demand made 
for the fugitive king. The 
searched from deck to keel, but no 
of him found. Unwilling to 
anger the fierce chief, who still 
clared he was aboard, she lay over a 
day, and the search was renci 
with like effect. In i oofl 

she stood out to sea, and ; 
■all her hull was down, and 
island had disappeared, all 
volcanic peak that rose like a p> 

- the wave*. Then Koche 
came out from the forc-cli. in •-.. in 
uliieii ha had in some mysterious 
manner i ind caught a 

last glance of his native mountain as 
it sank forever from his view. 



Ntttssity versus Art. 



NECESSITY VERSUS ART. 



We live in very busy days and our 
lives hurry on to their end after a 
very unceremonious fashion. '. 
tcsy i< • te, and the world 

%ct~ ■ ording to the 

embodied in the u 
'• Every one for himself, and God for 
all." TT.i '..dualism 

on the one hand, of levelling on the 
Other. f aggregate 

life, of ( .crhood, and 

helpful fellowship is broken, and each 
one little span to himself, 

jealously cherishing a phantom of 
ind« | appealed 

to for protection, has a tendency to 
shelter itself under the broader ■ 
of state suprcm;cy. We li»c I 
and our lives near us out. We pass 
through all the err.Jtions, all the ex- 
perience-, fewer years than 
our forefathers took to study tlieir 
classics or prepare themselves for a 
profession. Young men who have 
readied : xtmri stage before 
they ate twjtity, and young women 
who, before they are out of their 
teens, have gone through the va- 
rious religious phases, and made up 
their minds t: the only 
rational system to adapt, are unfor- 
tunately oe> the increase among us. 
After pleasure, after controversy, 
what remains? Nothing but busi- 
ness. The mind of our day is essen- 
tially practical. A certain social ne- 
cesv ring as well as \ 
neighbors do, and of not" go 
in the wo: Id.™ Cer. 
habits are formed almost unconsci- 
ously in early youth ; certain fictitious 
ii.-i.- ;■.- . I grOW OS tjkatt* by 
your side, and, to keep up appear- 
ances, a certain amount of mom-. 



wanted. In a new country 
there is no privileged class, ; 
ed aristocracy. if prill 

lure, each individual, to ke 
head above water, imagines 
take some means to 
income as years go on. This 
that the whole community sfa 
devote itself to commerce. But 
docs this " necessity " affect th< 
struct principles c .1 wi 

of moral beauty, of intellectua 

where is all that makes life be 
ful I pint J 

upon all that from its own poir. 
view, as an auctioneer, not as 
artist. The question is," Will it p 
or" Mow much trill it bung? 
"Is it civilizing, is it beautify in 
it ennoblir. 
Beauty is nothing to modern 
> longer judged b 
abstract standard, but by the 

h can be made of it. Ilisi 
ly debased from its original e$1 
for, from being the .ma 

many, it has become the luxur 

•cw. Rich men think it 
and proper that they should be 
rounded by ornamental objects, 
because they appreciate their w 
but because it shows off the w 
whose surplus they could affur 
waste on snch expensive ban 
thnesa in ornamentation is 
fashion of our day, as simplicity 
studied ruggedness were the fat 

if Cromti-' 
what it may, the f 

• ed. Do these men 
their treasures? See 
would do with them if it ever bc< 
the fashion again to sit on 



BW looking-glasses. 

•. :iluc<l, as in a shop, by 

ice tli. and old Of new, 

ate or plain, it is all the tame. 

amber of figures on a Dresden 

t nothing : the number of dol- 

vate rust 11 everything. 

»ple u'uulil think nothing of 

got 

Bargain " oi picked up on 

some would not be satis- 

: they wore had been 

at half price, so that they 

■ enty- 

jllars a yard: We will hope 

c exceptions; 

- 

of the spirit of the age, and 

■-By among those whom 

ttcr ball i't the age has just 

■ 
'ii El I toi ul 

mpam Mate, 1 iii: shows 

rn-here on this 
.ot. 

is not tliL If the 

art is wanti 
• to perfc 

Kxiuctions is wanting t 
ow. > thing must lie 

at once; people cannot wait; 
: be run up in six 
-hes they 
;i year. Orna- 
I kinds must be forthcom- 
and, indeed, if any 
could be found, 
:. thus leaf of Greek 
added with the 
i xlctn " art," who thai] 
".ushrootn is not a n 

;>ose it to 

lilt of our wonderfully rapid 

thai we should con- 

■ 

a different standard of 

t »c asked 

\'fi doubt we arc so 

htened now that we 

wear the same colors we 












wore last spring, and really the 
quite pre or that we o 

not tit upon a toft me shape 

as we found perfectly charming 
year! Of course, since ndardt 

of taste vary so quid 
hardly be ex; 

care should be bestowed on our 
ornamental surroundings. In old 
days, when men worked for future 
ages, the leg of a chair vras as deli- 
cately carved as a cathedral buttress; 
when houses were built for twenty 

'»& generations to live in, the 
of a mantelpiece 
wrav re as a 

monumental effigy. Bui ruvt ovoits 
(hang i Our houses are 

only intended to stand till they are 
pulled down to make room for a 

ay depot, 
gcous offer is accepted to turn the 
to a suite t or confccu&i 

show-rooms. Our furniture is meant 
to remain under our eyes only until 
we see a set rive times as gorgeous 
and ten times as expensive, when the 
things we once though! feet 

v. ill lie tool M .iiitiqu.1t 
some auction-room, or ignomino 

y or garret 
in the me art, nay, 

where is even comfort? Shall 

very soon have overshot the 
mart: 

liule short of a 
to hotel t 

husband owned estates in all p 
of England) I Wal 

houses, each 

of family resid . pan 

of the year, once said to a fri 

BUT, I 

dozen hoe 

■I a large tOs 
house; and, i m til, I I. 

not got a home /" 

ngc of fashion ne- 
cessitates flimsincss of material and 






56o 



Ntcessitj versus Art. 



carelessness of detail. Bat this E) 
all : it kilis the artist spirit. The 
workmen hail a chance of becoming 
artists because they had plen 
to exercise and sharpen tlicir faculties; 
they became used to certain sorts of 
work, and could perfect their ingenu- 
ity iu one particular line ; and they 
had plenty of room for 01 
Now, on the: is more likely 

that the artist will degenerate into a 
mere workman. He b hurt 

v often dictated to by 
patrons, who, not having t he 
:c ajfdfus themselves, have not 
even the v. it to trust to those who 
have; be u times 

the doo th.it any 

s brains can possibly furnish 
will !. to crown all, 

he is limited i — v.hich sim- 

ply means as to n. ; 
and ornamentation. He is in danger 
of b either a drudge or a 

renegade, very often both. His art 
gets to be a mere bread-winning busi- 
ness, a dry round of machine work, 
a car of an unpleasant 

contract; and, under such adverse in- 
fluences, no wonder the creator-spirit 
leaves him, and he becomes simply a 
mechanic-. 

At: ma once a power in the 
world: now it is rather an append- 
age to a power of a different sort. 
Kven while it was patronized by 
popes and sovereigns, it was held as 
little less than sovereign itself; it 
dictated terms, and claimed a full 
meed of independence in the eh 
of its expressions within the limita- 
tions of orthodox symbolism. Now, 
on the contrary, it is only tolerated 
so long as it conforms to the fashion 
of the hour, so long as it ministers to 
the belittled taste of to-day. Its vo- 
taries arc no longer the honored 
guests of princes, the equals of sov- 
ereigns, the arbiters of character. Of 
old, a painter could immortalize a man 



icing him in a certain 

the op; 
Dante did the same 
his and the 

went home. But now what wi 
the result be ? The painter wi 

. 
who sold damaj 
dignified position for the sue 
oi Michael Anj: 

be popular- 
just now is apt to be ■ 
greatness — art must truckle to 
vitiated taste of a mob of igu 
muses; architecture must give 
noble proportions for the sake 

Dd chcapnes; painting 
give up historical memories and 
ligiv: ;iions for the sake 

It sales and gai:< 
music and poetry must a< 
selves to the maudlin taste of 
and pretty, shallow 
must take the place of s; 
Dies, anthems, and epic j>oe:i 
with oratory— it must be graceful *ad 
piquant; that i 

sculpture — we must have i 
groups, sewing-girls (why not 
a sewing-machine and operal 
marble?), shoe-black ig that 

is domestic ami 

have nothing heroic that will strain 
our powers of admiration, 01 
high aspirations after th 

As to minor articles which of old 
were real objects of art, how 
stand? Our jewelry, for ins: 

it stage of dec Would 

into Cellini think our clumsy 
plate worthy of his attention, or our 
massive barbaric brace I 
productions? On the other 
the lighter work is flimsy 
cure, equally unworthy ol 

it into the 
furnace, and reduce the m 
into an usable shape. A;.:. 




comes in: the mere 
stone b all, in 
-; the delicacy of the 
of the <lt 

)C of -, :ir;.' pa 



n our 



glass: it has no indivi- 
i whatsoever. We remember 
Ig the strange cone 

;v cx- 

.. certain street in Eon- 
diere two shops «:i! 
:1 a glittcti: of their rc- 

re specialty, English and Vc- 
glass. The former, all blown 
chinery, showed the most per- 
Tnmctry of design, each glass 

..xact counterpart of the 
the designs not varied to the 

rmorc than half a dozen 
and the very pre, 
ikets, for instance, or horns 
is — pairfully, like three or four 
similar ones, allotted to their 
liar corner in the shop. The 
an glass, on the contrary, was 
y for a painter. Every con- 
ic variety of color, shape, and 
, a Ur letail) a fcr- 

rention perfectly incrcdi- 
:-sque individuality 
it allow even pair; to do more 
ear a general likeness 1 1 
-such are a few of the charac- 
i of thb beautiful disp! 
cms. We took up a frail 
que glass, nr.d asked if there 

■re of that sort, not) 
Be being viable in the 
a marvellous conglomc: 
Bn, veined like marble. 

11 browns and 
■.here were 
re of How was this 

led?" we asked. "I cannot 
laid the polite Venetian 
rratch over these treasures; 
b a mere chance; the glass 
noes runs into these <\- 
■ 
XVII— 36. 



be able to 1 this." The 

other n: I some or- 

namental, and all moulded by the 

i the moat delicate 1 
fain- II; the fancy of the 

workman had hc:-u allowed to run 
riot within certain gem 1 . no 

line was the 1 aterpart of the 

Other — in a word, the work 

-, nr>t mechanical. The contrast 
was rable to the 

faultlessly mathematical proportions 
of the English glass, which, however, 
in id ova line, and freed from 1 
parbon with higher products, is •. 
beautiful, 

y mi- 

nor arts; even the choir-stalls 

the sciccns of our day are 

often " turned " instead of carved, 

and in the j t-iron we 

• cast-iron in Out and rail- 

ings. Even the domain of music 
;iuil we have bar- 

irgans, orchestrions, and 

;n a 
Geneva box will command thoui 
of dollars, and fur a musical canary 

1 jewelled eyes, caged in a tiny 
gilded cage, people «ill give any 
mm j bat who 

unknown Beethoven or straggling 
Mendelssohn whose sonatas and an- 
therx rival those of the roas- 

ters of old ? 

All that wc have said is merely an 
Introdui tion to an • m of the 

main wish to 

treat, i.e. t'.ic effect of this modern 
spirit on artists themselves. There 
arc personal ramifications c 
on this ! mate of art which 

amount just to this: inl mur- 

der. In :n life full of 

young enthusiasm — and we include 
here all . who, in 

rent professions, reverence the 

• than they cmc for the 

use of then re is 

an intellectual world beyond and 



5 62 



Necessity versus Art. 



above ihc world of business 
fashion, and he strives to spread the 
Jove leal among commoner 

mortals. He finds them unrespon- 
sive, though he feels himself a teach- 
er sent to enlighten them. Still they 
:..; they look on and 
laugh, and he starves. His art is all 

::as whereby to live ; for the 
that rcci oks of art U a va- 

grant and fitful one, aud docs not 
qualify met: fat steady habits of lu- 

vj drudgery. The truth dow 

es liim in the face : he must i 
pocket his principles or lie down and 
die of hunger. If he ally 

persi . . and has that g. : 

which docs not aiight more than 
three or four times in a century on 
any child of Adam, he may end by 
winning a place at last in public 
opinion, by r ng what pi 

be likes, and '■ i the pre- 

carious tide of success, the remem- 
brance of the days when he fell be- 
low his own standard, 1 to 
drudge for bread. More often he 
will never succeed at all ; be will give 
up the unequal struggle, and be too 
glad if, by bartering his independ- 
ence, he can fee"! and chil- 
dren. 

We need hardly stop to say 
how baleful marriage too often i 
the case of artists ; every one n 
sec that. Unless in the rare instan- 
ces when a roan meets a woman he- 
enough to help him on in :hc 
difficult paths of genius, nothin 
more fatally i 'ian marriage. 

It i- speak of the joys and 

comforts which it brings. These arc 
ephemeral in ;.:e cases out 

of a hundred where an artist of . 
average talent is concerned, ■ 
the responsibilities and vexations of 
marriage grow heavier every cay. 
An artist's joy in his wife can only be 
of two I ; it results cither G 
her physical beauty or from her in- 



mpathy. TV 
any sane 

if he lie rich enough to sun 
■ 

..'will soon disappear:; 
liter implies that ideal uaioo 
reason to deplore at 
being too rare to be even tak 

considera:::5:i. We art 
speaking en 
and every one knows thi 

a of po*i. 

.1 by a refined nature 
dome ons of a poor artist's 

married life are somethii. 
blc, and are aim 
the patience of a saint. He i 

painter, or musician, il 
matters what ; but it is simply impos- 
sible that the daily, hourly sh 
his sensibilities shoo 

encouraging to be interrupted 
middle of a fi shriek* 

from :. i, and frantic appeal* 

to come and rescue tiic 
has pulled the wash-tub en 

itspiring to be 
fugue by the sound of 
shrill answer to the scolding of her 
incensed mistress ? Tire contempla- 
tion of an empty larder, and tliecal- 
. how to fill it again at the 
are of expense, is not us 
elevated c 

to produce a very spirited picture of 
soul-stirring poem. io **V 

uses, a rising artist should p* 
off marriage till his fame is 
men's mouths. A di \r5eren' 

from a c<>: to ux>* 

such even a few tde en"" 

ing in a mature choice ought to b* 
far; -. '■•'^■ C 

w Inch, long before success has softer*' 
it, has become only a nccessar/' 
evil. 

even to the unmarried 
or scholar, life holds c 



Necessity z'trsus Art. 



563 



any mistake popular- 

thc higher walk* of art 
-y." ■• I 

of the clay will no; 
cious metal, and, if it has 
1 the pocket of ignorance 
price of vulgarity, I 
■ash," and will be none the 
mic at the exchange! It 
II buy 
velvet, it will bay 
- tick- 
it be 
a slave either to hi 
or to the bad taste of his 
former means alent 

.■urine of true art, an 

, an unknown pave, ami 

« name; the latter n 

indifference to principle, 

merry lite, and a name on 

ind*, Human nature 

v men who 

will crush its development 

ir dairy bread. No won- 

c have so few artists now- 

wondcr that men who 

aly caterers 

amusement and "t. 

many landscapes or in- 
ear. What an. : 
gue just now, not to speak 

is trivial, pretty, if you 
tmmonpl •.. • — 1 ' 

im scenes, 

if cattle, a 

<>u of 

open, 

mending a shitt, 

t noble subjects whereon 

ue, care, at 

ius — a man, at 

aspired 

Hut these things sell — 

., and lists- 

i\ our day— and the artist 



must live! When necessity and art 
come into c< '. must go to 

the wall 1 In music, b. the 

order oi no- 

things set to pretty little tunes; su 
that ate often no better than a cross 
between a popular song ami a re- 
vival hymn I In poel ■ 
no tx >rse. 

The very patronage which lifts 
man into 31s his genius 1 

inhood. A draw > 
room pet is the highest 

. and, to I 
that pitiful renown, he matt throw 
!ioard all respect for principle, 
all love Of art. He must even make 
forego inno- 
cent habits, burden himself with 
pid form 1 order to rei 

that. favor which he feels in his 
most soul will only degrade him 
when he has won i 

sou! to the devil in these 
. in former times, but 
with this • : that, in the 

rvS always 

now he 
ry shabby 
1 . : a quaint old talc 1 

sort current at Bruges, concerning 
an unhappy organ < 
crc 1 ut immense ambiti 

lie was dying With envy DCCBUSC the- 

of the cathedral drew 
crowds to hear his marveltoi 
ing, while he himself could barely 
draw out a few meagre harm:' 
At last, 1 • 
pact with the devil, battering hit 

for a long lease of years, during 

. he wuld be enabled to- 
1 Europe. 

lenry it began to be noised about 
that there had been some 
charm at work; the obscui 

bJoasomed into a prodigy, 
the cathi deserted. Years 

went on, and all the musical tal 
of the medieval wotld made pilgri 



Necessity versus Art. 



■gcs to Hnigcs to hear the wonderful 
whose fingers could evoke 
such matchless harmonies, and cause 
the most harden a to neb 

into tana. Bat one day, the poor 
man got frightened th much 

I and many prayers, be- 
sought a priest lo get I"" 1 back h' s 
contract. The priest succeeded, and 
the dc\ il mu compelled i 
his victim. The Organist, went 
usu:: ttrument. Thechto 

was full ; foreigners were there and 
many of the notabilities of the town ; 
DM the 1 . power had fled. 

The result was a disgraceful failure, 
and the strangers left the church, (sa- 
ng that a trick had been pot 
upon them. The unhappy i 

id overwhelmed with 
shame. COold not bear the ridicule of 
Iiia altered position, and, in a moment 
speiation, called again upon his 
former ally. The devil forbore to rc- 
M'! gladly gave him 
back the fatal talent Things went 
on as before; it was said thai 
den indisposition had been the only 
cause of that memorable break-down, 
■ad crowds again flocked to hear the 
inspired organist His end is darkly 
hinted to have been terrible. 

Well in this case— supposing it to 
have been true — the power over the 
i vas a tangible and valu 

ad their 
patrons lather remind us of the story 
■ if Eaau is birthright for a 

mess tfjettagpt Rich men should 
feel the:. honored by contact 

with arti be versa. It is no 

more an honor Ebi an artist to please 
a millionaire than it is for the church 
to receive again a truant and gifted 
son. Thi laws of art and 

ct are above the SuperfScfa] and 
shifting neccssiticj of the world, and, 
if there is to be any intercourse 
tween ihe votaries of the former and 
the slaves of the lat. i.lbethc 



r the lower natures to do hom- 
age first to the higher. A 
once said to his courtiers, \* hen oae 
of them import I 

title upon him : -.Jly I cm 

make you a duke. ur, bat 

God alone can make you a gentle- 
man." God alone can make aa 
artist ; God alone can mould a 
as refined, a soul an or- 

ganization as sensitive, a* an requires 
in its devotees; and it follow 
whosoever wilfully debase 
destro] ATI handiwork. Tbe 

world at large and it* absurd maxims 
arc much to blame, hut the 

or carelessness of art: 
none the less dq>lorablc. No one 

bout reason arrO£ 
himself this specie 

of priesthood, and. except a man or 
to an amhetk 
career by an irresistible impube.it 
is not py path to 

None can live in that atrooi 

God has really fitted then 
for it, and to them, if they carry Uior 
lamps unquenched to the end, it 
must needs be a path of trial M -i 
pure speculation, it is the worst ca- 
reer a in embrace. 
It dooms the artist to a solitary life- 
solitary in fact if he wishes to sac- 
it if he hastily 
burden with a badly chosen 
npanion. 

We were going to say ibfl 
leal state of ait 

Id be boi 
but, though that would have its ad- 
vantages, it would perhaps take away 
from the dignity of art, Meyerbeer 

ra of a wealthy I 

lived like a prince, but those 
are exceptions. Bcsi I ian won 

his riches by his art, though his is 
a bad example to refer to, by ti: 
since he truckled vtry 1 to the 

prevalent taste of his gorgeous era. 
All artists who have touched the 



ii Chords of human nature 
and died poor, ami all 
i in the future who care to emu- 
Ihcse giants of the pa, 
to re -jives to a like 

v, in these days— 

Shaps. i i lived in other 

e should have found it much 
c then — means a compromise 
M who arc born 
alone enjoy it unmolest- 
ld, say what you will, they will 
a know bow to enjoy it best, 
nc is so discriminating a | 
t and rid of 

( as the hereditary landowner 
f ancestors for generations were 
to wealth and its dulit 

i>cauty so disinterestedly 

ic to whr.m the •' baa 

in any shape been a .source oi 

aristocracy of birth and cdu- 
1 is better fitted than one of 
ft to appreciate the aristocracy 
tdlect; both are, in the purest 

of the word, n "privileged 
'■' and both ought to be actuated 

t! old motto : NobUue 
•jy can never be the 
lie unseen; genius cannot be 
■<1, and art has no | 
t equivalent ever], 
rock of art is but a drop to the 
I compared to i i .lined ; 

at the material you pay 
canvas, the marble, or the 
it is not even the an 



time, though that is most precious; 
but iL is the very soul of the n 
the 1 his life, the eSMDOB of 

his being. What can ever be suffi- 
cient compensation for that ? You 
ran buy the expression of his 
thought, but his thought itself re- 
main-. With bin, JO that his work is 
more his own than it is ye 
after you have purchased it. His 
iildrcn, and belong 
to him by that inalienable rijrht of 
paternity which no hum .;alc 

and baiter could possibly supersede. 
W we to think of 
art? Simply that it is the raosl 
vine gift, in the natural order, VOD 
safed to i entitles t 

to a place more exalted than that 
of any favorite of fori he 

prince, noble, or merchant. V. 
triH the common world of rich men 
understand that ? When "ill artists 
themselves ensure that it lie not for- 
gotten ? That it is not merely a 
means of living, a bread-winning 

dgery? It i* a reflection oi 
God, a ray of his creative power, 
a solace given to earth, a human- 

, influence left among the bar- 
i aO tfa&CI v !• >r n-e are all 
in the long run, and saints 
and arti-,ts arc the onl;. i be- 

ings worth notice !) Let n •;, then, how 
down our heads, and accept the 
tation of art, rather than presume 
to impose our trivial convention::.: 
on one of God's chosen messengers. 




5 66 



Madame Jeannette's Papers. 



MADAME JEAKXETTE'S PAPERS. 



now T1I« n«)ic-u OT nri;iu«».i:il»™All. 



When I was a boy, I used to go 
every day after school to watch 
Jean-Pierre Coustd, the ■ . . • t his 

work. He lived at the other end cf 
the Tillage. He was an old man, 
partly bald, with a queue hanging 
down his back, and his feet encased 
in old worn-out shoes. He used to 
to talk of his campaigns on the 
Rhine and on the Loire in La 
Vendee. Then lie would look at 
you and smile to himself. His little 
wife, Mme. Jean nette, sat spinning in 
the corner behind him; she had 
large black eyes, and her hair was so 
white that it looked like flax. 1 can 
sec bet now. She would :.ii there lis- 
letting, and she would slop spinning 
whenever Jean-Pierre spoke of 
Nantes ; it was there they were mar- 
i:v *93- Yes; I can sec all these 
things U if it were yesterday: the 
two sr.iall window) overgrown with 
ivy; the three bee-hives on :i DC 
above the old woreveaten door, the 
bees fluttering in I line over 

the roof of the hovel; Jean-Pierre 
Coustel with his bent back turning 
bobbina or rods for chairs; thesh.iv- 
winding themselves into the 
shape of corkscrews. . . . lean sec 
it all I 

And 1 ran also see coming in the 
evening* Jacques Chaiillon, the 
dealer in wood, with his rule under 
his arm, and his thick red whiskers; 
the forest-keeper, Benassis, with his 
game-bag on his hip and his hunt- 
ing-cap over his ears; M. Nadasi, 
the bailiff, walking proudly, with his 
head up, and spectacles on his nose, 
his bands in his coat-pockets, as if to 
say. " I am Nadasi, and I carry the 



citations to the insolvent ' 
my Uncle Euvtache, who was 
"brigadier," because he had 
at Chamboran, and many others be- 
sides; without counting the wife of 
the little tailor Rigodin, who used to 
after nine o'clock in search of 
her husband, in order to be 
to drink h; of wine — for.le- 

sides his trade of a turner, Jean- 
Pierre Coustel ! 

The branch of fir hu the !»• 

door; and in v. inter, v. hen it raitxd, 
or when the snow coveted the win- 
dow-panes, many liked to sit uuder 
the shelter of the old hut, an 
to the crackling of the fire, ,. 
humming sound 
ning-wheel, and the wind « I 
out of doors through the street of the 
village. 

For my part, I did not stir froa 
my corner until Uncle Eustache, 
shaking out the ashes of his pipe, 
would say to me : " Come, Francoo, 
we must be going. . . . Goodnight 
all! . . ■ 

Then he would rise, and we wosM 
go out together, sometimes in tbe 
sometimes in the 
go to sleep at my grandfa- 
d he used to 
and wait fur us. 

How plainly I can see these fir- 
off things when I think them over! 

But what I remember best is tie 
story of the salt marshes which be- 
longed to old Jeannette — the s»H 
marshes she had owned in La Ven- 
due near the sea, and which would 
have made the fortune of the Cous- 
tcls if they had claimed their 
sooner. 



that, in '93, they 
many people at 
es, chiefly the old aristocracy, 
put them into barks tied lo- 
ir; then they pushed the Lurks 
the Loire, and sank ilum It 
luiing the Reign of Terror, and 
easants of La Vendue also shot 
1 all the republican soldiers they 
I take; extermination was the 

)n both tides, and do mercy 
n by either party. Only, when- 
a republican soldier demanded 
image one of these noble ladies 
were about to be drowned, if 
infortuuate girl were willing to 
v him, she was immediately re- 

d. And this was how Mine, 
nettc had become the wife of 
tcl. 

c was on one of these barks at the 
if sixteen — an age when one 
at dread of ileath I ... She 
•d around to see if no one would 
pity on her, and a, at 

moment the bark was leaving, 
■Pierre Coustel was passing by 
bis musket on his shoulders ; he 
the young girl, and called out : 
tit ... a moment I . . . CiiO- 

e. wilt thou marry me ? I will 
thy life !" 

id Jeannette fell into his arms as 
;ad ; he carried her away ; they 

to the mayoralty. 
Id Jeannette never spoke of 
: things. In her youth, she had 

very happy; she had had do- 
les, waiting-maids, horses, car- 
ls; then she had become the 

of a soldier, of a poor republi- 
I she had to cook for him, 
lend the old ideas 

ic chateau, of the respect of the 
ants of La Vendee, had passed 

f. So goes the world I And 
Mimes even the bailiff '•■ 
mpcrtinence would mock at the 

d woman, and call out to her : 
y. a pint of wine ! . . . 



a small glass." lie would also make 
inquiries about her estates ; then she 
would shut her lips tight, and look 
at him; a faint color would come in- 
to her pale check, and it appeared 
as if she were going to answer him ; 
but afterwards she would bend down 
her head, and go on spinning in 
silence. 

If Nadasi hul not spent money M 
the tavern, Coustel would have turn- 
ed him out of 1 'it, when one 
is poor, one is obliged to put up 
many affronts, and rascals know 
tin- ' . . . They never mock at those 
v. no vrould be likely to pull tl 
ears, as my I neb Ettstache would 
not have failed to do : they are too 
prudent for that. How hard it is 
to pat up with creatures like these ! 
. . . Every one knows there arc 
1 must go 

my story. We were at the tavern 
one evening at the end of the au- 
tumn of 1830; it was rai; in • in tor- 
rents, and about eight o'clock in the 
evening the keeper Bcnassis entered, 
cxcl.i ■ What weather! ... If 

mimics, the three ponds will 
overflow." 

He shook out his cap, and took 
his blouse off his shoulders, to dry it 
behind the stove. Then he came to 
seat himself on the end of the bench, 
saying to Nadaxi : N C0BK, make 
toom, y.:u I ..-/.y fellow, and let me sit 
near the brigadier." 
Nadasi moved back. 
Notwithstanding the rain, Ilcnas- 
sis appeared to be pleased ; he said 
that that day a large swum "I wild 
geese had arrived from the north ; 
that they had lighted on the ponds 
of the Three .Sawmills ; that he had 
spied them afar off, and that the 
shooting on the mars!; boot 

to begin. Bcnassis laughed and 
rubbed his hands as he em 
glass of brandy and v. 1 

one was listening to him. L'ncle 



568 



Madame Jtannette's Papers. 



EusUche said, if he went to shoot 

them, be should go in a little skin ; 

for is to putting on high boots and 

mire, at the risk of 

a above hit cars, he would 

not fancy that much. Then every 

man had his say, and old Jcannette 

ingly murmured to herself: " I 

also owned marshes and por. 

tii a mock- 
ing air, " listen to that : Dame Jcan- 
nette used to own marshes. . , ." 
'• Certainly." said she, " I did ! . . ." 

;rc were they, noble lady ?" 
• 1 i La Vendee, on the sea-coast." 
as Nadasi shrugged his shoul- 
ders, as much as to say, The old wo- 
man ! Mine, Jcannette as- 
little wooden staircase 
at the back of the hovel, and I 
came down again with a basket tilled 
.>us articles, needles, thread, 
, and yellow parchrm 
which she deposited on the table. 
" Here are o-.ir | aid she : 
i lie marshes, and the 
Chateau ate there with the other 
things! . . . We laid claim to them 
in the time of Louis XVIII., but ray 
relations denied our rights, because 
I had married a republican. VY« 
would have gone to law, but wc bad 
DO money to pay the lawyers. Is 
it not so, Coustcl, is it not Hue ?" 

," said the turner, without 

tnnvi 

The persons assembled took DO 
interest in the thing, not any more 
than they would have done in the 
packages of paper money of the time 
of the Republic, which may still be 
found in old closets. 

Nadasi, still mocking, opened one 
of the parchments, and was raising 
1 '.is head to read it, in order to laugh 
at Jcannette, when suddenly bil 
countenance become grave; he wiped 
his spectacles, and turning towards 
the poor old woman, who had sat 
down again to her spinning, 



"Are these your papers, 
Jcannette ?" said he 

"Yes, sir." 

" Will you allow roe to 
them a litde r" 

■ You can do as you pi 
them," said she ; " they arc oi 
to u<." 

The: :ume< 

folded up I 

others, saying: "I will 
that. . . . It is striking nine o 
good-nighl." 

He went away, and the n 
followed him. 

got days after this, 
out for La Vendee ; he had { 
from Coustcl and Dame Jean 
wife their signature to a paper 
gave him full power to recover 
ate, ami sell all their property 

himself the expenses, 
understanding that he was l 
paid if he obtained the inhen 
for them. 

Soon after a report was spW 

Mage that Mme. Jeanne 

.e lady, that she owned 

tcau in La Vendee, and that 

would soon receive a large i 

but afterwards Nadasi wrote 

had arrived six weeks too lat 
the own brother of Mme. Jeai: 
had shown him papers which 
it as clear as the day that 
held possession of the marsiu 
more than thirty years; an 
whenever one holds the propo 
another for more than thirty jf 
the same as if one had aim 
it; so that Jean-Pierre < 
his wife, on account of their 
having thus enjoyed the . 
had no longer any claim to it 
These poor people, wh 
thought themselves rich, and 
all the village had gone, ac 
to custom, to congratulate i 
tcr, when they found they 
have nothing, folt their povi 



ly than before, and not 
ftcrwards the, thin B 

imcofeach other, like ( 
asking of the Lord pardon 
•ir sina, and confident in the 
if eternal life. 

last sold his post of bailiff, and 
t return to the country; d 
i had found some enplo] 
suited him better than M 
its. 

»y years had passed; I.ouis 
je had disappeared, then the 
lie; the couple Cousicl 
i hillside, and I suppose even 
tones had crumbled into dust 
glare. For my part, 1 had 
ded my grandfather at the 
iuse.and Uncle Eustache,ashe 
f had said, had taken his pass- 
rhen one morning, during the 
ason at Baden and Homburg, 
ned to me 

. and of which 
ntly. Several post-chaix- 
I passed during the moi 
towards eleven o'clock, a cou- 
irac lo inform me that his 
, M. Ic Baron de Re- 
proaching. I wax at table. I 
:ly ro« to superintend the 



relay of horses. Just as they 

ig harnessed, a head was put out 
of the coach- window — an old wrinkled 
face, with hollow cheeks, and gold" 
spectacles on the nose — i: was the 
face of Nadasi, but old, faded, won 
out; behind him leaned the head of a 
young <;irl; I was all tent. 

" What is the name of this villa/ 
inquired the old n ling. 

uicuville. 

He did not recognize inc. 
drew back. Then I saw an old lady 
also in the coach. Tb were 

harnessed : they set oft 

What a suiprise, and how many 
ideas passed through my mind ! Na- 
dasi WU the Baron dc Rosclicrc. 
May God forgive me if 1 am wrong ! 
but I still think that he told the 
papers of poor Jcannctle, and that 
icd a noble name to ward 
off the questions of the im 
What was there to prevent him? 
Had lie not obtained ail the title 
deeds, all the papers, all the poworj 
of attorney? And now has he not 
had the thirty years of possession? 
Poor old Jcannettc! . . . What 
misery we meet with in tins iife ! . . . 
And God permits it all ! . . . 




17-' 



The Angel and tkt Child. 



THE ANGEL AND THE CHILD. 



ram Tin rwcs or moot. 

Ax angel bent with pensive air 

Above an infant's drc. 
And seemed to view his image there 

As in a stainless stream. 

• O beauteous child I" be said, " I sec"— 

His bread) like music** sigh — 
••Tlic earth is all unworthy thee: 
Come with me to the sky. 

" Earth has no happiness complete ; 
The soul can never lift 
Tbec to a height where round thy feet 
No clouds of pain will drift. 

-very (cast, unbidden guest, 
Some fear will still intrude : 
No day so calm but in its breast 
morrow's storm may brood. 

" And shall care leave with passing years 
Its impress on this brow ? 

sorrows dim with growing tears 
These eyes so tranquil now ? 

" No, no, sweet child ! Come, let us mount 
Above t":ie fields of space ; 
Kir.il Heaven will cancel the account 
Q 'c's foreshadowed days. 

•• I pray r.o scl may view 

This day with mournful eyes. 
Or with reproachful words pursue 
Our way to juradise. 

• Hut let your mother lif; her brow 

To Faith's serencst light; 
To one as innocent as thou, 

Life's last hour shines most bright." 

A subtle radiance from his wings 

Upon the child was the 
The angel mounting upward, sings : 
" Poor mother! thy child is dca 




New Publications. 



NEW PUBLICATIONS. 



LINE OF HlU. VESTIHTEO IN 
UW10N MTWBN HIE RKV. C. 

cwouru f. 

. Vott • The Catholic 
Society, ; 
a very Small iBiao volume of 
I red and 6(ly-ono pa 

v. . knows K. 

's Style o( writing would natu- 
Kt. It contains a corrcspond- 
•eeo himself and tlio gentleman 
inic i» given above, who was 
K. Walworth and one of 
'-members in the Presbyterian 
f Union College. This corrc- 
c appeared in the Invuli^lgr, 
us infidel newspaper of Bos- 
ras called forth by an indignant 
it to that paper by F. Walworth 
land utterly groundless report 
d refused submission to the dc- 
ic Council of the Vatican. Mr. 
D has renounced the errors of 
I, and embraced those of tnri- 

: ■ D 

i the CX(:. .1 c<! 

ibmlssion to all tin: do tl 
Ic faith involved In It, ic. q 
•rmcr classmate in regard totho 

if eternal punishment and to to- 
tal hi bi belief in 
inc agree- i be- 
ihytciian. Tins brought 
jovcrsy, In whi-: v i Mi. Bun at- 
Argue against tbi 
■ 
-s of the torments ol I: II 
:i»lll Prot 
la at lb« 
rnber of <l i 
iboot many oth 

,illy bO getU- 

V. Walworth, on his side, 

refute* to be dram (con the 

abject of controversy, or to 

.11 n ipon- 

private opinions ol 

(lan I or Cathoiic, and 

soli I. irrefutable argu- 

■ ti in support of the 

tuihod- 

' Ibe Church and obligator) on 
embers. Tnc only , point 
k'al worth professes to all 



and toward v>' -. di- 

rected With undcviatiiig logic, is this. 
The doctrine wbicfa the church authorita- 
tively teaches and imposes as obligatory 
on the conscience of her children is not 
contrary to reason, but in accordance 
with it. and capable of being proved by 
.at arguments. In his statement of 
unit that doctrine is. F. Walworth fol- 
lows Petavius, P:rronc. and A: 
Kcnrl:k with theological accui 
says (pref., p. 9)." I have planted mjsclf 
simply and purely upon the defined da 
trine of the Caihol. .md what 

thai doctrine necessarily involves." This 
Is evidently to be undci -rood of doctrine 
as defined, in the more gen Mai sense of 
definitely ami pi [hi in- 

falllble cm 1, by 

uh.itcrer method the church may exer- 
cise this magistracy, ami not 10 be re- 
stricted to dcoattJeiK etc /■■•'■■ contained 
In explicit dc- • nd coun- 

cils. 1. .Mowing 

necessarily fro I ;li is prccise- 

Iv the articlo of Catholic faith ate in- 
cluded in the obligatory doctriae, And 
win re these deductions have BOI been 
expressly drawn out a I in cede 

siastical decrees, the authority of the con- 
current |i ; theologian* is ac- 
knowledged In cxpb v I Wal- 
worth: "Where an> rju rialn 
undefined. 1 bow respectfully to the con- 
current opinions of [:.. pleading 

loglMS. Beyond Lbta I will no: be 
bound" (p. 47)- He All 

language of Holj Scripture 00 the 

subject must be accepted and main- 

pined ' ( 1 jrd- 

ancc wiih it Council 

1 Catholic writers on this 
subject. 'Die same council also admo- 
nishes Catholic writers nut to diminish 
the punilhmi n( of Bia [a such a way as 
to destroy I irtion to the aln. And 

if any one will examine what F. Wal- 
worth liai arritla 1, lie niil see that in this 
respect also he has fulfil. 
of the Fathers of Baltimore to the letter. 
The statement of the no of 

the church respecting bcU .- F. 

V.' .1 north Is prcclsiv rioa: 

•' There lei cttl Kal " Into 

the question of the S] lysicai na- 



57* 



New Publications. 






and instrumental causes or the pa- 

b nenls of bell he does not enter very 
deeply. The only opinion of m CM 
lie writer which be npu ssjy opposes is 
that o( f :* of 

increase m geometrical prop'j 
throughout eternity— am ; li.so 

far tl lb] any 

grave authority. Opinions which are 
■UttrJ of lawful difference and di 
sion are left on their own proper pound 
tritbia the doaiata of theology. The 
point to he prOTcd is that reason cannot 
show any valid objection (o the doctrine 

:.jc everlasting punishment of the 
man who finishes his term of moral pro- 
bation on the earth in the state of mortal 
sin. Mr. liurr produce* no such OG 
lion. II: ■ . ntirrn the 

: of V. Walworth's positions. He 
admits that a stale of intellectual and 
moral degradation is in itself a state of 
misery. The sinner is in this disordered 
state when he dies. If he lives for ever in 
the same state, this everlasting stato of 

:cocc is hell. But who can bring con- 
clusive evidence that there isanyneccs- 
.ause which must bring him out of 
this state in the future life? Such evi- 
dence not being forthcoming, reason has 
not a word to say against the teaching of 
thai those who fail in their 

M» probation hare no other, and 

ev«f (lie consequences of 

their Own 

Some persons may object 10 the publi- 

1 of a controversy in which infidel 

Tientsin?. u the reach of 

idert In i uce, 

we think the cause ol lias alone 

any I anything; 

Burr's, letters. H ■ reasonlngi tri 

weak am) rambling, and rhe replies of F. 
Walworth so plain and conclusive, that 
It must do good to my reader who has a 
:.in belief to see wh bed, 

disgusting substitute for divine rel . 
is offered to the dupes of infidel sophis- 
try. Infidelity destroys the m:nd ami tin; 
manhood of the human being. In ihr 
form of materialism, it makes him a 
beast ; in the form of spiritism, a lun.iiie. 
We do not say that hook* of this kind 
should be expTCtllf placed in the hands 
of all readers, especially children and 
those who never read anything or heat 
anything except what is good ; but we 
say 10 those who do hear and read the in- 
fidel sophistry and blasphemy Ol the day, 
and therefore need a refutation of lit I 



the two sides represented in ibis 1 
" Look on this picture, aad then I 
that." 

Wr mnsl add that there are i 
beautiful pas*agr> ia F. v. 

: ist.as a literary work, ibry J 
.mi that the appendix on I 
vcrsal belief of I 

oraprehen 
valuable. 

D or TW 
I ourse of Plala la 

t ion s for those entering he . 

By Rev. John B. Bagsha.. 

Rector of S. Elisabeth' 

With a Preface by the RU_ 

signorCapel. New York . The( 

Publication Society, is 

The first part of this manual i 
■nstraction in the truths of filth ; i 
eond part, on sac: rs.de 

milar matters. It is good sot 
didates for admission int. 
Church, for recent converts, and lor ck* 
gymen, religious ladies, teachers, at 
others who have converts I 

iotd Worn : : to*i» 

By M. A. T, author of Tin H.-*u */ 
Yerke. New York : The Catholic Pr*- 
lication So 

This collection of stories, already *a 
lished separately in TUB < 
Would, ought to te welcome to all 
crs of taste and discernment. It ii 
the book for summer reading, the 
companion one could bear In tbe 
mont of the woods, and one whose 
would nerer jar upon any of na. 

reading M 
or Wiikie Collins under the forest 
py or by the river bank ! But here is * 
book which, at every page, will help yes 
to put your own vague thoughts itM 
words, and will almost make you tiial 
that you understand the song of the ta- 
bolink and the chatter of the squired 
And yet it is a book full of humaa •*»■ 
rest, made up of human stones, sal 
treating of sorrow and want as well aid 
joy and peace. If wo did not knnwut* 
the authoress was a New Englander.e* 
should say she was a German, so sold* 
and so spiritual arc h- : charst- 

ters, so lender and so chaste her iafcxil*- 
•d language. There is no pass.-* 
nn Mir, no sensation In her plots, and set 
words do not pour forth like a lava tor 
UggeMlrag dangerous pots 



•tow Publications. 



573 



• the animal ionloctt of our 
to, like Wo many of ti: 
I popular authors of «■■ 

ocea a 
inn* 

I white palaCO, where a crystal 
.dent 

litters: orer 

m. Itwonlil ii I all thespieewc 

any of her 

descriptions of scene* in the 

r by (he golden sea- 

hare |>one down into the heart 

id learM it:; serrct, 10 

ril the conadeni rook- 

every tree sing her some 

1 poem. 

hemselves (except the last) 

merest sketches, made to hang 

n:s upon, jusl as we plant 

• pole for a scarlet vine to creep 

■ r are each of them very 

*uch as only ■ M. A. TV' would 

! reak" has been 

In the Philadelphia ■Stair/Was 

ig Ifae in heresy. It Is 

■ i j arc willing. I 

her to Mess herself be- 

rya little prayer (o the 

I won't 

"A little 

next win make it pcr- 
iund- 

that 

per- 

ghter vert I Warpi- 

i! to leach the child any- 
ich w.. 

t «be 
I 

hould 

i by d» Chun b 

'i herefore, ii ni 
sach i [to use it. wit 

i Mo- 
fod, which is res 

fold through the Arlan 
Dl who n 

tomraunion of the Church, M 
in espies* term* that the Holy 
God, hilt was ■• lilt a 

n oi his divinity in equivalent 
[f ao equivalent term may some. 



-. be admitted in the case of Catholics, 
ranch! itln:cmjiloyedintcaching 

tho*e ii ho Me not Cai It is one 

iM&g to D : are heretical, 

another to u»o those which arc less ex 

it, but more easily understood 
those who do not know the true moat 

of ill 

One of in this collection, 

. Kill have 

1 vol- 

- a shot it 

the Bed leal pi 'ml if that was 

the aiiilio: . I 0M which wc can- 

not approve, H it was not, the story isan 

UTOw la the air. 

Tin: ! ; or. The Al 

leged Conversion ot the Irish Bishops 
at the Accession of Queen I 
etc. liv W. M...I.7. D.Di 

i Ifth Edition, London: Longmi 
Green & Co. 1867. ( \ ^old 

Society.) 
Snn P ■• ran Co: 

Cllf : ■: I 1 '. 

Eu lore 

idy, O.D, London: Longmans, 

Green, R | sew 

York : Sold by The Catholic Public* 

Society.) 
Wc havi m n( occasion of late 

torn ire and to congratu- 

oof reader tnmn- 

[Oanrailyon teal In England 

lie literature, and particularly of 
thai class of works which has a tendency 
uslrate Iht ution 

proscription which, co : un- 

der t 1 . be 

. • reached almost do* 

own day. In the last | I), 

v a (rood deal of the rot 

.-. of the so-callnl 
I'.iijrliMi Reformation wore hid 
view; sub I.ady Follctton and 

(itliet dimi -titers of fiction at- 

temjiti-il, .111.1 uitli tBCCCa*, to gain the 
atttai pabMc to Ikelt admirable 

portl ike sufferings and fortitude 

Catholics of Bl 
: llubeth and James I. ; while the 
lile editor of the Nariativt e/ /■'. 
/has, by his Industry and conv 
labors, placed all future histon. 
undci : ide. 

The works before us, though treating 
of a different subject, and written by * 
Protestant clergy™- 



Ntvo I\iblicatitms. 






very similar to that produced b) 
ings wo have mentioned. The I 
voted to 

whether Itc Pi lie- 

land can Itgall »iin 

descent '■ Iro- 

; or. in pil la have ihe An. 

gin n 'i-en 

consecrated at all. at any time, or by my 
competent authority? \i tracing ur- 
sncci i " r.-l:i 

merit.'" llic author Rive* very succinct 
and accurate sketches of every iorum- 
liecit. Catholic and Protestant, of a 
tiiiy ■■•m tbc middle of t lie 

XVI) . and proves by dates, 

. and public documents that the 
total i- ;' late* bavo no more tight 

to Claim a uccession than | 

hive to claim to be llic apostles them- 
selves. When we meniicn thai Dr. 
Brady is a beneficed clcrgim.-in. and was 
rlv chaplain 10 icotcoant, 

our readers will bam Kill 
accepting coni c to 

his own church, and which, ai lie UtlU 
himself, only tlie cause of truth could 
hare compelled him i i 

The other book, though ant so lai 
log, || dr:i>! the Atlantic Ol 

luc. as few of us have an 
tilling the originals. 
I: i- a ■ ullr "■« of State papers. Ic:ters. 
" touching ihe 
n»o>:i was sought to intro- 

duce iIk- I : -i into Ireland," 

a»d | tj copies taken 

from iota Paper 

London. However much Dr. 
B n ly anay have done by these pub- 
ro dima;c tlie cause of Pro- 
imiarn in Iceland, and to hnmhle 
lh« pride of a faction that ne»cr has 
a«d ncrer can possess lire respect or 
affection of the people upon whom |< 

mg preyed, he has deserved by his 
rourage the esteem and 
thanks of all impartial lovers of blnoi 

— Since the above was In type, wr 
occasion for congratulating the author 
upon having arrived at the eoaclusloo to 
which bis lnrt-<:lr;.iiii>ris naturally led, it., 
hit reception into tire Catholic Chuich. 

A Visit to Loom Lateac. By Ge- 
rald Mollor, D.f>. Boston : P. Dona- 
boa, 

This real of a book, which 

lias an engraving of the cottage of the 




: brail jr as a frontispi 
and edily all those who Mice an >B 
In reading about the won I 
grace with which our ace is *j 
voted. 

Dixt-cro' A 

for Priests in their P 

By F. B Valer. 

With an Appen.. 

its. London: John T! 
This manual for c 
commended by the A », ant 

Inent di: 

and an author of works gpr 
for p 

the BiMiop l 
cbory, to dedicated k 

Ihe translator. 

been added, < a catalo 

book* for a prie 

sion. it. ..rid lendln 

ll I* enough to see Mr. Philp's na 
publisher tn know that ii has br*o < 
fully, neatly, and conveniently pril 

A HinrnttiD Meditations o» 
ay CJon. By Robot! So. 
cf the Socle , «lia» 

Preface, by John Mottis,S.J. l-eadav 
Bu(M k Oalcs. 1S73. 
Tlloto i> a delicious quaintness abasl 
nf. They are D 
•ud with self, nnd eon 
the soul of a poet who " .. 
lorn." A s 
s.iir: lias recently oppeattd ■ 

lyr," April. 1&73). so th 
give one here. But the fn 
the volume before us is a port.j.: "i I" 
Lowell, which la valuable. 

Only * Pi*. Translated from the Fresck 
of J. T. De Snint-Germainc. I 
New York : The Catholic Publican* 
Society. 1873. 

Only a Pin, but an exceedingly van* 
bin one, pointing a moral keenly aad 
sharply ; having a head secure and souri, 
not likely to be turned by any aecidcotd 
twist ; altogether a wcll-rii. 1 f*. 

straig il and Minn; 
this way and thai 10 
uses, hut made In the best factory and 4 
good metal ; . :inij to th 

and oldest family iii Pindorn 
10 make its mark i-i the literary wotld. 

wcttb a row of pins," but a row like this 



far from worthless. One 
tpecl to become inter 
t. events brought about by SO 
le u i pin . CC4r» 

utbor ha* managed li> engage 
most agreeably from the first 
> lite . 

I In the main very 
ail easy, but now and then a 
sccr-.is a lllitc careless or ob- 

nvxcit lllBTOKy . '•' 

Martyrs of Car- 
By R. De Merlcourr. Translated 
e Second French Edition. 
■ 

■>t ibis story is S. Perpctua, 

of S. Fel-.citas. The story 

necived and powerfully written. 

not seen the original, but the 

n »hoirs an experienced and 

merit 

k*t if the book hid been com- 
ngliih. There arc, however, a 
in respect to 
loroc sentences, and 

railkcs of Style, sixne of v 

ig, as 
s cvidonlly typographical ate 

I. For instance, thr Pontiles 
is called the Pi 

w placo two Christian converts 

:ls." Such an admira- 

t'n i -« is. with its thrilling 

of Christian heroism and 

elry. ought to pass through 

If it docs, ire 

publisher will have its clrri- 

corrected by a competent 

I the press. work more carefully 

], so as to make tbc book In nil 

fflim ilfaut. If this is Intended 

Kofi series, the project Is one 

'commendation. 

be foregoing was put In type. 

ascertained that the story as it 

in French wai from 

h. we arc informed, 

.as a free translation of an 

took. This accounts for certain 

:h appear rath' 
olic tale of this sort. No 
adc of the altar, the sacrifice of 
(, or holy communion. The cx- 
s of Christian doctrine and the 
o Vi ire not com- 

. factory. M. tie Mericoun 
n care, howcrer, that nothing 
Catholic doctrine should bo 



admitted, and as the events of I lie story 
do n any rmnui. . i in of 

'hip, the 
ntially detract 

from its character as a portraiture of Chrls- 
. e In the midst of the dangers 

and trials of pagan 1.1c. 

Caxi imam's Bsaol Vol. III. 

New York : P. O'Shea. 1S73. 

This new volume •:■■ mdid 

refill.' h and Tract.- 

theories »> height of 

the Oxford movement in the DidSm Rr. 
I 1 1 . 1 mi ri>nvinecd 
so in ,an 

argu: lid iu this 

obtain the 
little vulumo on the last illness and 

Col private circulation, to bo published 
■null ibia ■■■■ of his works, the 

(.:. Hili.il ; cniiiinilliily iron i t self 

linal was a 

V.V 

bad the pica' iding the 

beautiful account Ol and 

nh in the 1 Jed 

ud we cannot help thinking that its 

ild be an a<l of great pro. 

pnciy arid utility, unless there is iorne 

ri for rev il ■ place in a 

large and full biogra, 

— ■ ;• to press, we have noticed 

among the English announcements thai 
the work above referred to has been pub- 
lished. 

The Fisiikkma-. rsMtr< 

AC*. 

Bj I ■ ,' .1 

It is loperfluouato pn ie< loo* tenet's 
talcs, which at tan Canon 

Schmid's. These FW .- nmmonljr 

resting, and 
and attractive totm, which 
pretty little volumes lor prises as boy or 
girl could wish. 

Do Vera. 

New York : Q 1'. l'utuam's Sons. 

s a crude hodge-podge 1 
which the author ha • bare and 

there, in which he utterly fails to dis. 
linguish bi ba diabol. 

•.nd the di. has read some, 

llle works, and is to ton 
famihirwilhthclivcsoflheMint*;bultho 
little that bo knows only selves 10 place 



Nrw PubHiations. 



' i a strooK<r light What 
a pi" -hrvuld be 

ignorant r>( n •: 

■ I 
amp! ! 'fiajt* '" 

.icen 
employed in translating 
Gc-rres, Horn whom he or 



i 

COt 

s 

pre 



L* P*tMAinC KT l.'lMrAtU.lint.lTK DM 

Par 
Begin, D.D. Quebec: 
Iluot. 

This is another timely and admirable 
course i the I.ival Univrr- 

thy. I". I :e» arc his- 

difficulties 
;;!. and 
Itifia ic- 

»peclins the supremacy and infallibility 
i>l tli«" - Peter. The con- 

trorersies 01 n, the Phil- 

turn j. > . of Zosimus. 

riot, the subject of 
the false decretals, the career of S. 
Gregory VII- the conflict of Boniface 
VIII- with Philip le Bt.1. the affair of the 
Templars, the I of Arignon, 

the condemnation of Galileo, the suppres- 
sion of the Jesuits, and several other 
topics, arc discussed in these able lee- 
lures Id a critical and erudite manner, in 
so far as space and the other con 
to which the nature of his discourses sub- 
jected the author, hare given him the 
opportunity. The whole Is preceded by 
an essay on the docttioc of the supremacy, 
and concluded by a short eulogium on 
Pius IX. The author Is a graduate of the 
Roman College, and imbued with the 
sound scholarship and orthodox spirit of 
that institution, the headquarters of sacred 
science, which may God deliver from the 
impure horde who ate now dctilini- 

!r their odious presence ! There 
area*: of intelligent Catholic 

't the 

present ore to- 

il 
IM handled in the lec- 
lures now published. It is a pity that 
they are accessible to those only who 
| >uebec publisher 
ismio aa edition in English, we 
aieiocl ih thai tbe sale in Eng> 

laad and the United States woul! 
burse him. i on the Syllabus, 

noticed In ibis marratine some months 
ago, ore also uorth translating, and the 



publli ourses 

ish language would wo- 
bring great lion or to the Laval Vu 

sitr. 

To Co!rrxniLTT>iti.— New coatr3>cr:o.-> 
are reminded lli aa It 

accoarparriea 1 
1 a rottr 
editor. 
We also d ■•! tku 

ic* on s«j' 
:ave the pn 
that n .ii i— < 

pages (of ( 

i •.gemcot. 

won *im Hurtnin rrrnrrn. 
Froaa B;-n% Oattti A Co., Ijinrlnn. i 

mi mnl. Hv B 
From J. Mcarur « Co,. rUlttr 
la lienor *t S. J oseph. Fra ike Itallaa «< I 
Patrlgnanl. SJ. »«xo, r : 
From i D o.. New York: To 

of }t- 
From Holt A William*. New 
E>e. By I. S. TargcnleH. i3mo. frx I 
-Count KojI 

a Pretel 
i Heine, stan 

9$ T««a.l 
■Into, pp. Tl -te-f. 
From Robot* Bar" ' -noirafS 

J. M- . 
From D. * J. Saoui* ft Co.. New 1 
Tithe-Proctor. By V. ■<=« 

iiv.-4)>.— Ratetliog* from tit Web of 1 
Br ('•iitulftther Greeawiy. rarer.. 
i matoe Cou»in. Br Lady Fullertea 

p»p«r, pp. v '•'■ 

•acnt. Paper, rimo. i>p. «>. -The E1*K Bn> . 
■! it. Jm. Sulller. iSrr^.ptpn.lT 
ByMrs.JavS. 
Sim. 

. ■». Aiarrr J. Mya*,t 
: -port of the Chief Signal f 

From i Hrai. F*iwti>> 

Arfilmftfl. ate,, at the Irrni; ■.■ 
lolikr! 
l/nlrandtr. »to, paper, ;.;.. rsv 
From Tm S" iresaoft 

Dnly.thcfMwicnt.be 
an Geographical Society, F«l>. 17. 
paper, pp. 60. 

. -terra. fUithser*;! 
bra io 111. l'jul torn Kr«»ie. An»^ 

:i>a>Mi:a:Ue<V»'i«t< 
Hon d«r Pai*ionl»te«. 1 

. Frclburr,: UV» "let 1 
iesterictfrC 
II Cornel). S.J. MBM 
pp. >ca 

'.fin, Fjirwrs A Co.. Albany: 1 
of Bon.Thos. Kuloei to Reply n f 
Engineer and Comml>> 




*£&!» 




THE 






ft 






V 



&&&& 



THOLIC WORLD. 



VOL. XVII., No. ioi.-.a r, 1S73. 




iMF SAVONAROLA. 

. THIRD. 

rownat* nur initiate of our fiihcr. I 
kkljr «nduwctl wiiii rlrliMi, Ofl 1 

r degree of am h : rfm :u litvc 1'ivii ft ntfl of 

ting ia nurormui tiri^.'iri . . Vhn wir especially tha cx»c in ic.pc.-: «.■* iSc Hole 

general bvllcf ihal 

tallUKc^uiI Heevniec.lJ ni >• In literature. : mare 

>*fbVc. . . . TLe confiJenic he toftlrcd v>j> marvcllMia."— GuhtiarJlmi, StcrU : 

an one cvglil ncree to apeak but nlth r«T«r«oc«."— Mm ': . ■•»». 

;iinl the famous c&tdHtieri had de- 
generated into were consumers of 
Mid rations. 

-r the able diploma' 
Lorenzo, the most fri'. 
had been cultivated with Fiance, 
rks VII i. i to 

treat Tuscany more as an ally : 
an enemy. Uu». I 1 charac- 

ter- ess, manifested a 

ference fur Naples and alienated the 
French king. The indignation of 
the Florentines wax intense when 
they found that i irte was 

likely to bring an army of invasion 
within their walls; for the French 
advance was already marked by 

xssacre* of the people of 
Rapollo .^ano after the gar- 



iVIIL crossed the ' 
of an a:: .^00 inCin- 

and 24,000 cavalry — admirably 
fd and ^ jrthat pi 

f had thin of 

:h the ru related that 

i were drawn 

ages having four wheels, two of 
;h could be detached when they 
I into batten'. TV -swere 

]• • of Ludovico the 
ir, Duke of Milan, who had 
{ally urged the coming of Charles, 
melt an army as this, the Italians 
:d that all the armies of Italy, 

1 if they could be consolidated, 
d offer no effectual resistance. 

were in vr retched condition, 
to men and commanders, 



t« Acj <H Coognnv m tie vr iter. 1. T. Hicui. la tbe OBce «* 

tie Uftfirlaa of Coogreae. at IVa.hirgton, O. C. 





Jerome Savonarola. 









risoct ha; leredl Having 

scparati iae from that of the 

means 
to oppose the French, the frightened 
Piero set out foi the king's camp to 
sue for peace. 

pass on his way to Florence three 
strong ./audio, Sarzano, and 

Pietra Santa, any one of i 
a small force could hold a powerful 

in check. When Piero reach- 
ed the French lines, Charles h-' I 

inello for three days 
without success. The invaders were 
in a barren country, shut in between 
the m< :<i the sea. 1:: 

were poorly commai 
the French kin/ was a mo- 

del of stupid indolence and i H 

they might easily have 
driven back in confn id yet 

;-n Piero, v. 
consulting the ambassadors v.: 
jdiatcly J i 
to .ill the condil ed by 

Charles, and even more ; for hi 
rendered at once the three form i 
fortresses, besides those of Pisa tad 
Leghorn, and agreed, moreover, to a 
loan of 200,000 ducats from 
Florence. The fortresses thus given 
up had been gained by long sieges 
and enormous sums of money, and 
were the military keys ol I 
Naturally enough, the Bern of tlicir 
! I ire lines to 
anger, which was intensified b) 
they heard from the ambassadors of 
the conduct of 1'iero. Excitement 

[ throughout the city. All busi- 
ness mi suspended. Groups in the 
public places soon swelled to crowds. 
Fierce and angry-looking men 
seen bearing weapons but p«i 
Conceal "gers were brr. n 

cd that bad sol Seen the light of day 
since the I':i piracy. Artisans 

of all trades, and in particular the 
(tempi, the strong-armed wool-i 
ers, abandoned their t 





former triumphs i 
Michelc di Lando a oftbe 

republic. But tlvc old friei 

higher 

. had, during the pasl 

years, all melted a» rile « 

persecution, and there was every a- 

cess and atrocity to be feared ttoa 

1 ton 
servitude, and makinj almMii 

of their threat I those trio 

hail become wealthy and powr- 

•sing ti; 
crowds as these raged thr 
of Florence, when a 
from Savonarola was 
at the Duomo, A dense in 
people soo: mil San 

from his place look 
human powder-mag;*, ilea the 

smallest spark in shape of an im- 
prudent word would create cxploska 
1 dire disaster. If "Uf- 
bulent, priestly demagogue" there 
was the moment and 
place to find him. 
onarola ? 
; a word of their corapl 
their wron. : i; sot 

the slightest allusion to i 

; but, bending over ike 
pulpit with outstretched arms, aid 
>•!« of upturned 
gaie of affect ion as 
prcssion of ten mpathy, h» 

1 out words of peace, uniM. 
I !*hold, the su ord h*s 
descended, the scourges have «■» 
menccd, the pr | r« being ful- 

filled ; behold the I. *. lead- 

ing on those arm 

time for music, and dancing is at 
end: time for pouring OU 

rivers t.'f tears over j 

1 Florcnc; 
Rome ! thy crimes, O Italy : 

of these chastisement*. 
hold, then, give alms, offer up pray- 
ers, be a un 
pie! I have been to thee as a fall 



Jerome Savonarola. 



379 



throughout my life to 

• the truth of faith, 

a good life, and have 
nothing but tribulation, 
opprobrium. I might have 

nation atlocst, tbsl I 

seen thee performing some 

i. My people, have 1 eret 

other desire than to see 

to sec thec united ? 
• the kingdom of heaven is 
But that I have said many 
avc so often cried out to 
c so often wept for thee, 
I that it might have suf- 
:rn, then, to thee, 
on trr. 

." He tli'. n en. 

arity and faith with an 
rflowing more with affec- 
rloquence, and the crowd 
il the Duo mo a raging mul- 
n i:> pc icefol proo 

; •Mni. :i man r, 
3 deed, arose in a m 
iory, and said : " The re- 
K look to itself; il U 
rti of Mug governed fy 
rs be sent 
hailes, and. if they I 
hem not salute 
ig officers and troops be 
ile kept out of sight 
■ and other placet, hold 
in readiness, %<i that, while 
•ranting in honorable deal- 
e kin.' -land pre- 

■ signs to which we 

t submit. And above 

•t fail to send with 

the l'adre Ciii. 

| to whom the people are 

devoted." 

's suggestions were all 
The i 

following it on foot — his 
i of travelling. The other 
rs were coldly received by 
ind immediately re: 
! with the : that 



his majesty was by no means well 
disposed towards the republic. 
vonarola reached the French camp, 
and, passing through the 
soon rame in presence of the king, 
seated ai a was 

courteously received, and, with slight 
preamble, thus addressed Cfc 
a loud and 001 
" Host I thou art an 

the hand cif the I . 

iends thee to deliver Italy G 
her afflictions, as for many years I 

predicted, and sends thec to re- 
form the church, which lies prostrate 
in the dust. But it' thou be not 
ami mi p ihil ; if thou pay not respect 
to the city of Florence, to its woi 
its citizens, its liberty; if thou 
forget the work for which the Lord 
sends thee, he will then ft 
another to fulfil it, and will let the 
hand of h!.-. wrath I thee, Wd 

will punish thee with awful 
These things 1 njr to thec in the 
name of the Lord." 

time, serious events had oc- 
curred in Florence. The reports of 
the returning ambassadors had pro 
duced still greater excitement. Picro 
Media bad attempted to regain 
■ amment, but 
!,.:lc.l, WAS hooted nt. mobbed, 
driven from the city, and a price set 
upon palkl* i 

the all-powerful rallying-cry of the 
Medici in Florence, fell dead on the 
ears of the people. The Mcdicean 
palace was seized, and the houses of 
Cardinal dc' Mid of (.; 

and Miiii.-iti, confidential agent] of 
the Medici, were sacked. The tur- 
bulent ii ircd disposed to 
proceed to still gTeater lengths, when 
Savonarola re ion 
to the French cam| bing 
. and pea< 

• The bull* («a> la the i« of I '.c MtdtcL 



Jerome Savonarola. 



'Old language had profoundly 
impressed the ffa who ic- 

solved to be guided by what the 
monk had said, and on the 17: 

vembcr, 1494, at the head of a 
portion of his army, some 12,000 
men, he made a peaceful entry into 
the city of Florence. Mem while, 
L'apponi, resolved to be prepare 
the wont, bad laid in good store of 

Jtkns of war in buildings where 
he held reserves of soldiery, in < 
ten and courtyards. Materia!: 
barricading the streets were provided, 
and all were ordered to come forth 
aimed at the first sound of the bell. 
His precautions were ran 

nmus zvms flouxcx. 

The reception of the French king 
was magnificent, and, after the cere- 
monies, feasts, and illuminations at- 
tendant upon it, he was sumptuously 
installed in the Mcdiccan palace. 
Here the wife and the mother of 
lid contrived to negoti- 
ate with him foe the restoration of 
the Mcdiccan rule. Tempting oners 
were made him: Piero was to be 
brought hack, and the go v e rnm ent 
of Fiorcoee was to be shared with 
the king. The cnect of all this was 
nan visible m the extravagance of 
the demands made by Charles upon 
the Florentines. The agniorjr re- 
sisted ; the king refused to recede, and 
gave them his urnWftri . On its 
rejection by the syndics, he said, in 
a threatening tone : "Then we shall 
sound onr trumpets." "And we," 
instantly replied Capponi, springing 
to his feet— "and we will ring oer 
betts.- 

Charks thought better of it, and 
the treaty was shortly afterwards 
signed. It recognised the repobfic, 
and gave the king the sum of 120,- 
000 florins m three instalments. 
The treaty ratified, r\Q the king 
fingered. Troubles arose. Collisions 



iken place between the soSdxry 
and the citizens ; robbery and murder 
were of nightly occurrence; shops 
were closed, and trade generally » 
pended. The worst cock*, 
were feared, and Savonarola, tuilr 
occupied in preaching peace and 
warding off dangers, was implored 
to use his influence with the French 
him to depart. 
He immediately presented himself 
before Charles, who. 
his nobles, graciously received him. 
ian prince," said die 
monk, " thy stay causes great dan> 

1 this city and to 
prise. Thou loscst tin nrtbe 

duty that Providence hath imposed 
upon thee, to the great injury ol 
own spiritual welfare and the noddi 
glory. Listen, then, to the semnt 
of God. Proceed on thy way wiia- 
out further tarrying. Do not desire 
to bring ruin on this city, nor pro- 
voke the a A lev 
day* afterwards, the king and hi 
army departed. 

rue ixrtnujc 

Great was the joy of the Florea- 
tines to be rid of the foreigner mi 
his armed legions. Short as h>i 
been his stay, it left profound tracts 
\rexzo,and Montcpulcianobad 
risen in rebellion. The eoormotf 
sums paid to the French king *ad 
drained the resources of the city. 
The wealthy were impoverished, and 
misery spread among the poorc 
classes. Savonarola proposed, first 
of all, to ; r the wants of 

these last, and to take up collections 
for them. If they proved insu; 
to tnrn into ready money the pU* 
and ornaments of the church 
reopen the shops without delay ; 10 
lighten the taxes, especially to the 
lower classes ; and, finally, to ; 
God with fervor. 

A fwUmexU, or assemblage of 




Jerome Savonarola. 






pic, was now held iblish 

government. Without ex- 
©r knowledge on 

part, it resulted in the re 
ent of the old magistrates, and 
laintcnancc of the old forms so 
ingly I edict, 

while the people possessed the 
utl show of an independent 
■nrncnt, it was one whl 
ture could easily be wielded at 
ill of one man. These defects 
became apparent, and vu 
•sitions for reform were fonhwith 
■ at the Palazzo. Differences 

sented by two 1 
•d rcspe; Paolo Anto- 

sod 'nio 

uoci Sodcrini was of the pop- 
>arty, and preferred the form of 
Bm nice as the best 

il for the Florentines to adi 
•ting that, instead of limiting 
Stand Council, as in Vcr.i. 
d be composed of the whole 
e, and a smaller council called, 
loscd of the cltimati, or men 
ience. >ng- 

ainst the democratic feature 
rini's proposition. It was cvi- 
that he carried with him the 
rity at the Palazzo, and among 
r naturally enough, many n 
tans of the Medici. V, 
les grew warmer and longer, 
' cat' red the result, and 

tied to Savonarola for counsel. 
oo, saw the danger cscn more 
y tl lived to 

the counsel .-■•"•:■ ■!. The inter- 
:e of Ihi iplc 

il affairs was no new ill 
S. Dominic had • 

of state .: rdrj 

had been effected between 
tlphs and Ghibellincs by a 
; S. < of Sienna in- 

to i interdict pro- 

:ory 
;-.ier 




:bishop of Florence, had more 
than once interposed to prevent the 
passage of unj 

On tiic third \dvcnt 

(Dec. :;, 1494), in the course 01 
thirteenth sermon en . Sa- 

rola spoke to the people of | 
ernment, discussed its general nature, 
the advantage) ot its several forms, 

and wh.r c on- 

eluded this ought to be the ground* 

work: that no individual shall have 
any benefit but such as is gc: 
tht fttpk atone r: ihepower 

of < hooting the tnagitfm/es, ami of ap- 
proving the laws. 

..! the 
Ducmo, to whieh he invited all tii. 
..istrntcs and people except iro 
: and children, Ik- 1 

v.ing propositions: 

things 
have the fear lem, 

and there should be a reform of 
manners. 

Second. .' ! -rations 1 

vatc utility should yield to 
good and the cause oi 
governm. 

Third. General amnesty ab* 
the friends of the late government 
all blame, and I all 

, with indulgence to tii 
to the state. 

i gov- 
ernment 

IIS who. ;. 

statutes, i 

recommending the form of t 
a Venice 

■ 

■ ■!«. 
This effectually disposed of the 
plan of Vespucci, which would other- 
have prevailed at the 
leaving Florence under a 
government v. into 

ilism, or be the 
(■cation of freih disorders 1 
revolutions. 



5»2 



Jerome Savonarola. 



sdtVOSXaOtA OX COVnXMXXT. 

a There » nothing mora remarkable 
| ra Savonarola's character and career 
thsan the familiarity displayed by him 

i tlic principles and prai 
x«'c>rking of government, as mani- 
fested by his writings and sermons 
iring the coarse of the debates and 
struggles attendant upon the forma- 
tion of the new republic. On all the 
proposal* or modifications of fun- 
damental laws, the popular party 
no discussion, nor 
)3 l;e any decisive step, until Sarona- 
r0 la had spoken. And it was re- 
marked that, during the discussions 
yvlv. d in the Consiglio and 

( ,thcr assemblies, the new law it- 
i, or arguments pro or con for a 
change ot abrogation of the old, 

> spoke in 
the very words in which he had dis- 
ced the mattes in his sermons. 
It would indeed be matter of legiti- 
mate surprise that a monk whose 
whole time was as we have seen, 
fully occupied with the duties of his 
station* should possea even slight 
inland of a subject so fore! 

l-.ig, were it not that wc are 
apprised of the sources of Savona- 
,'s knowledge. Tiicy lay in his 
ifoondstud tonus Aoninu 

> in his keen 
: anal observation for the pre. 
of government To the treatise De 
tmine Prinripium he is largely 
indebted foi ha theory of popular 
nettt No modem 
intcd out the evils of tyrannical 
more clearly than & 
•ITiomas Aqoinfts, and none more 
clearly than he has shown that gov- 
ernment to be the be tends 
most to the moral, intellectual, and 
material interests of the people, and 
includes the largest number of citizens 
under its protection. We sincerely 
regret that our restricted li 
not permit the citation of numerous 



vs. 



passage* from "the Ang. 
toe " upon this subject, 
day's EnL y raight 

more readily be taken 

f an advanced potil 
thinker of 1873 than for 
ecclesiastic of 13 7 3. - wedd 

express the same regret a?- 
1 
maun/. • Throughout 
lire range of modvi ire, 

roents on Machia-. 
arc so constanUy dii ^ureaa 

that one might sup]>ose the Itsly of 
: > have been in profound 
ignorance even thcoret; 
princi: ee govern 

vonarolaV the anadot 

Hachiavelli's Prime. There 
passages in it from which it 
be that he not 1 

the necessities of actual democratic 
governments, but also foresaw the 
dangers of those not yet in existence. 
Thus: realth, as we conuaorv 

ly believe, is the cause why an indi- 
vidual alt; idahip of a stole. 
Rather the cause lies in 
to 1 
influence and exclusive consiilcraaOD 
■•session snd 

BS iOd 

I 

power is the first s: 
popular governnv ; 
that no law and no tax, 
nor l-.onor, slmuld be 
bee; i without the 

of the whole people. Hut 
le people sha 
. together < 
this right will be vested in a 

nber of < 
concludes with thi 
in everything, so likewise in 
stnti rce is the 

of ruling pov 
that, even from the be| 



• Piicm* tire* it Rr t . 

.•ttitlmnUKfr* HGrrftrJi ft 




imperfect state of government 
flourish in complete security, 
IM acquire perfection; if 
I ways universal! edged 

he end of all ( 
nprov 

ving of all obiccnity and 
ickedness, and that the truly 
tian life subsists in the fear of 
if, moreover, tlie law of the 
I iteemed as the measure 
ule ot of .'ill laws 

ore n further, all 

mow a true love of their 
if, finally, a general 
been concluded among the 
ns. ail past injustice of the 
i eminent forgi . 
hatred forgotten — such unity 
iio, secure and 
I without." 

;vu. Kf.ro:- ■ 

c first incisures decreed by the 
government proved superior in- 
mcc in political matters. I i 
nt laws of the city were 
ich confusion that even judges 
officials were not aware 
t of their duties or their jurisdic- 
It w.-.s ordered that these laws 
ti be i 
or, as wc would say iro'« 

i.arola tii 
cforin in t i of taxation, 

i. mi not 
onerous anil clumsy 

«xal ..in of 

ling taxes on the supposed pro. 
! an<l commerce, was not 
exhausting but absolute! 
ivo of many branches of trade 
iy. at or.ee i.i 
led them, and drying up 
:h to the state. 
r the taxes solely 0:1 pxo| 

ut an end to the 
itutl loans and all arbitrary im- 
1 he recommended a 



Jerome Savonarola. 






new system— one with so 

much prudence, says Villari, so much 
srisdotn, and on such sound pru 

that it has continued to bo 
acted upon ever since. This new 

l a tax on property 
the first time in Florence, and 
the first time in any pari »i" Italy ; it 
put an end to all loans and arbitrary 
aan and obliged every • 

sen, wlti. n, to pay 

per cent of the income he derived 
from permanent property, 
•neral amnesty tV 
offences was next decreed, B 

teased were remit) 
Dog the latter was one of ] 
8. 1495, which possesses a certain 
ncal into 1 icenl 

:ni Gonfalon 
ing that Messer Dai lieri, 

great-grandson of tlie poet Dante, 
has not been able to return to this 
city, from is to pay 

the ; ember and l> 

ami : Ug of opinion that It is 

rati- 

tude Bhmi hown, thri 

descendants, to a poet " rcat 

it enact- 
ed 

consider himself free, 
free, from every sentence of oui 

!.x next drew public atten- 
tion to tlie sore need of a 
Pieta — an institution to v. 
poor could rcsoit in pecuni. 

iporary loan of money on 
objects 1 By reason of the 

abset) an establishment, 

ami live popular iodign 
the Jews, from whom the Dtt 
obliged to borrow, h :ur- 

banccs had I 1 'icro 

no 

better off than before, and the neces- 

of some aid for them was a 

en ing one. It was officially asccr- 



■■■'• 



Jtromt Sawnari 



tained that there were Jews in Flor- 
ence who lent money at 31^ pet 

rt, so that 

tens its amount to 

49-79*.55 6 florins. 

Savonarola urged the snbjf 
icntiy from the pulpit, 
however, attacking the Jew?, He 
desitcd they should be converted, 
not 1. A law was pi 

c. 38, 1495) establishing a 
uses of the institution 
■ ere not to exceed 600 florins per 
annum ; interest to be paid bj 
borrower not to exceed six per cent. ; 
rowers were required to take 
;m oath that they would not g.-. 

■y so lent. Thus, with 

ircr administration e, ■ 

cal reform in taxation, the abrc 

rmaoent relief 

>r, the liberty to carry arms, 

the 

the establishment of the < 
giore, it may be said thai 
'f the Florentine pe 
obtained with ied or riot in 

a single year. The American travel- 
ler of to-day who . 1 r.cc will 
remark on the platform in 
the Pals the admirable 
ying Holoferaes — 
: ie immortal Donatcllo. 
It was placed there at this time 
symbol of the triumph of liba :>• 
any. On its pedestal arc in» 
ed these sroi ' mis 
/i,/>: tha fctiurt : 

I lie citizens placed this symbol 

the public sat year 1495 ")- 

1ft. bo was the soul of this 

tad been a great 

soldier or potentate, his Dame would 

•a handed down to post 
as that of a new Lycurgus. Bui 
was a simple white-robed monk, with 
no other 1 frank or nuthc 

than ex- 

ample of ins pure life. Neither in 



the public place* nor the meetiop 
of deliberation and 1 was be 

ever seen, nor had he any sysictn of 
secret influence or -.--orkiag 

; any person J 
or err. no one ever thougk 

ofscriou :m. 

All he thought ami ha 
matters of public weal he announces' 
in the pulpit. To tin* 
clerical 
rs, sal 
hinted at the monk 

it to be his 
to give advice to ' 
peciaily when so many in the coui 

ed to proclaim the truth 
he had 1 Seeking 

men to : justice is 

Such part' 

worthy italf 
priest nor without ex:'; 

: t or modem. He 
M no further t n to dew 
oj«n abuses, to e mea 

what was good ant] !. and 

preach the Gospel •• l 
you," he ■ 

hat 1 will not mix iu 
ernn ■•, but only labor thi 

in to preserve complete 

•. To recommetidations of 
dividuals or m 

never yield. Go with these to the 
1 officials. 1 also 

any of my friends skoeU 
be recommended to yoi 
otherwise with 
to justice. Yet once 

Ie with state . 1 wish 

only that the people should ream 
in |>eace, and 1 

ly was not. for I 1 in i: uv 

germ of an oligarchic power which 

at a later day worked liki 

of corruption. 'limsell 

wot:: 

It has been sought to 



">uiii nin 



Jerome Savontu 



ulc upon the great I 
nil to deny him any marker! 

t eminence ; but when we 
e opinions of Uu 
DCs who lived after him, who 
t his disc who were 

ly qualified to judge the sub- 
tler in question, modem 
eigr.crs may properly remain 
refer to Machiavclli, 
inotti. 01 

i tonally, Machiavclli fre- 
kfl in terms of sarcasm 
ay, although in his writings 
s to '• the learning, the 
md i of his mind." 

:ribe$ him rKn?) 

tue"; and 
S lays : " Of such a man one 
ever to speak but with I 
He admits the g: 
' the is fount! 

o!a, . X, t!«crc is 

t w. g the state of 

e into order than liy the rc- 

fe l '.'giore 

■ onarola struggled with 
rtinacity. Gianotti, a noble 
■ spc- 
dy of the subject of go 

"He who lthc 

io Grande was afar 
ano della Bella, because the 
ought of securing the liberties 
ieop!c by humbling the great, 
I the r was 

he liberties of all," 
here enthusiastic in his adrai- 
of Savonarola. Guicciardini 
torian and diplomat, 
licciardini composing in the 
r his study, are two diflferent 
■"//..• A- J 
ik for his real senti- 
certain subject?. The diplo- 
Is the pen there. But in his 
published long 

the love 
lorcntir.es for the liberty 



conferred ttp< i 1494 that 

arts, no toothings, no cui ;ccs 

<>f (,: 

pet it; thai 

-• been easy, when 
of depriving the 
of their liberty; but, after the 
the deprii 

nt liberty I 
says: " Y 

bona to due War, who stayed the 
tumult in goo. 1 ish- 

cd that which without him could 
only have been atl ikied through 
bloodshed anil tin- lets. 

You wou: a govern- 

ment of patricians, and then an 
bridled popular govemmen: 
rise to di I shedding 

blood, and probably ending in the 

. 

IC had the wisdom, from the out- 

1 by 
liberal n 
Sfffiadi it the 

I eitthusi- 
thc prudence, the j 

cal genius, oj I >.nd calls him 

the saviour of his country. 

The great que 
which then agitated Florence did not 
for . tract Savonarola's 

attention from the duty of preaching 
practical Christian duti< . 
course 0) he 

preached on the !' 
ten course of 1495 on Job. 
the Psalms after Lent. Solid te 
ing and vehement admonition were 
never absent, and the sermons of 
1494 were quite as strongly marked 
by those features as these of the 
course at the i . one of wh 

he tells his hearers : " How have you 
renounced the devil and his pomps — 
you who every flay do his works? 
a do not attend to the laws of 
Christ, but to the literature of the 




Jerttut S* 



Gentiles. Behold, the Magi have 
abandoned paganism, and coir. 
Christ, and you, having aband; 

ia to paganism. You have 
left the manna and the bread of 
angels, and you have sought to sati- 
ate your appetite with the fowl ti- 
nt for swine. j avarice 
men) the vortex of usury is 
enlarged. Luxury lias contaminated 
everything ; pride ascends even to 
the douds; blasphemies pierce the 
ears of Heaven; and scoffing t. 
place in the very face of God. 
(who act thus) are of the dc 

and you seek to do the 
nill of your father. Behold those 
who arc worse than the Jews; and 
yet to us belong the sacred Scriptures, 
h speak against them. . . . 
Many are the blind who say our 
lirJKS arc more I •nan the 

past ages, but I think, if the I ■ 
Scriptures are true, our lives ace 
only not like those of our fathers of 
bat they arc at variance 
with them. . . . Cast your eyes on 
Roi ;:. :y of the 

world, and lower /.c to all 

, and, lo the 

crown of the head to the tol 
foot, no health is there. 

•• Wc arc in the midst of 
we converse with Christians, but they 
arc i. :ians who arc so only 

in name; far better would it be in 
the midst of pagans. . . . For now 

I have become lovers of tl 
selves; covetous, haughty, proud, 
fane, disobedient, ungrateful, 
giv: Iry, without love, « 

out peace, r mtincnt, 

without benignity, treacher- 
ous persons, deceivers, pultcd-tip, 
lovers of voluptuousness more than 
that of God, who have the form of 
•ouitiess, but who deny the value 

More than ever the people hung 
upon his words. Numbers came 



from Pisa, l.ej i the 

also from 

n Florence during 
sidents of the neighboring 
and ham', mountains 

the ApenniiK I 
Florence on S 

of feast days ; and, when the 
icd at dawn df 
on Sunday morning, crowds 
there waiting ( 
thus coming were re 

charity, and the duties of 1 
tian h were observed. 

IC people of Florence 
from their beds after i 
order to reach the Dtwmo in 
to secure a place, and tl. 
cbim 

ing hymns, or reciting the <■• 
hours together. 

not contain his audience. Sou 
were put up in an amphitheatre w 
increase the space. Men and btn 
s * armed on the pillars 
point where it was possib! 
a position. Even the piana «a 
full. 

All these remarkable rn;i 
vera not with is. rV 

rencc became a ch. 
only were churches assiduously *■ 
• , cely give*- 

ive jewc : 
dressed wil bl aad 

careless carriage or demeanor «» 
rare. Habits of prayer and spirit** 
reading in the ! 

;-ie the rule rather tl 
exception. The obscene < 
songs of the Mcdiccan period were 
the streets, but, in 
their place, lauds or hyro i 
hour of mid-day rest, the artii 
tradesman might be .• tag the 

Bible or some pamphlet by Savoaa- 

nd young men of o< 
tious or frivolous habits became mo- 



Jerome Savonarola. 



587 



good conduct. Fast 
JSCtvcd with such rigo: 
:c to the butchers, the tax on 
lling was lowered. Wen and 
isedifying or tepid life 
-among them men 
td in Ict- 
ence, and public affairs. Such 
as the Stroi/.i, the 
, the Gond i the Accaiuo- 

• friars of S. Mart and 
tueton 
Htcn gains or property was 
ru But the mot* won 
'all, says a hisi is to 

jkers and 

iplcsofco . urns 

ey, amounting son 
ds of florins, which they had 
acquired. 

ir.i uu ov: . 

Savonarola pressed on in his 

f conversion as though it had 

guru Hit followers had pie- 

i joyful 

■ ■ions by reason 

and 

tf to rend the air v. 
Bat he, on the 
ore serious, more sad, than 
d, in ursc after 

wis we hare jnsl 
with an allegory full of sor- 
biebodtDgs, ami the jwophcer 
•ath : 



: 



ng man, leaving his fall 

rf the vess. 

ng, fa 

1 no Ioor • 

) Floti 

to find the 

I was 

lit only of 

ro things 1 

all others, Bui Iben I 

Ihb world. 

•:ain some 

nd, ftnjmg pleasure ll 



the Lord led rao upon the sea, 
and has carried me far away (an the 
great deep, where I now am, an 
looter descry the harbor. Cfaayaw 
-shoals are on every s. 

tempests, the hatbor of refuge 
id, tbo wind carrying mc forward 
the great deep 
elect calling upon me for help ; ori 
! the tricked lonmeei 
and raging. Over, above mc. I sec e 
lasting goodnc**, and hope cocoui 
[I I sec be i. 

and into , ,,,„] 

lly fall. O I. 
whither hast tlma led cne? Thai I II 
»on»o eowls to thec. I »r,i 
ial I can no mot' 
i Why hast la 
to live among I 
font* ol the earth ? I once vra-. 
• the slave of cm 
i>d discord coming upon me I 
Hut do you. ' 
■ 

cle, fitia UHtfn- lin^un — I 
lish ihroj: iwersarcgood 

works, and I wish fol aoihim- i. • ih.ui 
tli.it | 
able i | gave your own souls." 

Her.: 
that 

" Now let me have some re- 
tempest." Then resuming his dis- 
course : 

lit what, what, O Lord ! v, 
1 in the life to come to be given lo 
throe who have come victorious out ©J 
a fight? It will be that a 
no! seen, nor 
ladfl. And whnt Is to be t' I 
in the present I 

be greater than I is tin- an 

of our Lord. '1 
bad taught, 1 was emciB 
ihon wilt 

I, vr.iii a : 
voice ibat echoed rhrouRliin- the ■■ h 

dieqi Iboudiedsi 

idy I sco the axe sharpen 
But the Lord gays tome: Wail yet awl 
until that be finished which is to come to 
pass, and then thou shall show that 



$88 



Jerome Savonarola. 



ittcDgtb ><■ mind which mil be girtn 
nolo r 

i> rtontscuu. 

He then resumed thaexpJaa 

of a psalm at the verse Lau 

Dfir. I fort 14$, U imed 

in a burst of ecstatic excitement, 
which canted 

i. sobbing and weeping. It was 
by passage* 111 .in which the 

IB cf the 
voice, and gestures pre- 
dominated, that I rent were 
most afiet 

U, when wc read 

sermons ted by those 

present, it is difficult to invest the 

the tremendous effects 

Been to have produced. This 

state of ecstasy which seize! him in 

pulpit Ere in to 

his :i. where, fur days 

would remain the 

ns, until sleep 

him. From hi ■ 

lads him* 

■ 

At) :::; | ...■ ;. hcts 

and of . audi in like 

manner, with all the dreams and 
ions of the prophets and patriarchs 
as related in the Old Testament. 
All these filled his mind, and at 
night re] I themselves with 

the vividness of original revelations. 
They increaa 

the Bible and the Fathers more 
i he accepted 

.. through the 
ivcntion of angels. It is difficult 
to believe th I to which a 

D to these vis- 
ions had takefl possession of all his 
. when we look at the calm, 
dec: etical manner in 

i i he disposed of important ques- 
iiundanccl'.:iia<:ti:r, 
such as administration, finance, and 
civil government. 



mm -. 
* soa- 



Savonarola has left on 
fullest account of the ■.. 
condition of his o 
subject of his vision 
in two wo lUgf tie/la /vrs6 

JYo/ttKa i or, Pi 

Truth), and Compendium Jin*!*- 
lurnum, 

WAS SAVOKASOLA A MtOTttTA 

1 D ; rola retells 

on tiie in- 

portant subject of the prophecies lad 

visions, and lays bare his inmost 

heart. This is a pan of his 

gladly bra 

reason that one of the 

rations agi at of iruio- 

. bad faith, and deception sf | 

redaliqfi 

We must, however, content otf- 

trk that, si; 

these works may afford some proa' 

of an overheated imagination awl 

an overexcited mind, they ccrtainy 

whatever of any thought 

ipulsc of their author not pt» 

ere and loyal. I! 

r boo* 
be it said, were i to sttdj 

these prophetic writings of Saros*-. 
■ 

it litt 
he was a Pi 

withsl te impertinent asset- 

■f the Luther monument it 

Worms. In tins connection, *c 

here cite the opinion of a bte 

on Sa 

guished English V ;• '-So 

that the effort made by some of Ac 

German biograj ire especial- 

vcr, who 
complete 8j 
matics from his works, appears to be 

•CVDcll Tr»«n HIM, ' „iVar d 

rii Trimmfk «/ : LeoJu. 

Ilu.lilcucd S-.oB t li:on. iljS. 



Jerome Smwtarola. 



5S9 



ioas; and we must con>c to 
ly reasonable conclusion : that. 
1 he nob) hi now 

d both by Catholics and Pro- 
s, he liveil and died i:i that 

in which he was reared, 
he would not hi oyed, 

rified." ♦ 

tAtna AKD PACTIONS. 

speak of tiie respect and 
lion 1 i for Savonaro- 

: ion of Florence, nc 
■ a moment suppose he 
)y exception to the rule that 
»cncc of a good man is a 
J» to the I, or lhat 

ce, like Athens, had not within 
ills those who were 
[an 1 just. 'Hie 

bad Still a large body of 
nts in the city — men who, 
•r they {/referred or not an 
;hy to a republic, stiii regretted 
ices or emoluments they had 
vcrc themselves of the aristo- 
or sympathized with it. Then 
many of the ai 
lives pardoned, did not there- 
Then, too, those 
Ives thwarted in their 
i by the chang- 
of |»ii U>mi- 

arty — that of the Fratc- 

[ the Fratetehi. A 
:.r, composed of those 
'ere 1 ally his 

bat were in favor of a re; 
ailed Bianchi (white) ; an 
gcr party, nude up of partisans 
Medici, most of li: 
rerc called Bigji (gi 
ratwai blctoS-. 

rere his bitter and unrelenting 
s, in constant correspondence 
icro dc' Medici, whose return 

bodniy 

I* »*•» • r. 

. Jr. II «nr 'JtoCoT 

"" ■ *nerr\nt ctfKur*. -Kf. C 



the object of all thei 
and plots. '! h 1 p H the 

. in their endca 
new govcrniu 
beat on getii: iheir 

own hands, an ...!,■, I 

repu ' 

naturally opp' 1- 

la and the Medici, T. 
temptuously bestowed the 1 

,'wm (Mourners) on the follow- 
ers of Savonarola, 
known bitter hatred, were themselves 
called the An ifim- 

1. Carefully avoiding any opposi- 
tion to the re] by 
every means to cast discredit on 

rola, to tl ok upon Lis 

I ! >nd pi . to create I 

lent with his reforms, and to fos- 
ter b of criticism and dislike 
against him. [hi 

to the office of Gonfaloniers 
man unfit for it — Fiiippo Coibbui — 
n us an opp< 

149." -lied 

together at the Palazco a sort of theo- 

-.1 council of theologi 
bots, priors, etc., before whom a 
charge of intermeddling in the affairs 

-ola 
The council was opened, and the 

the 
in entire 
rauce of what 

ted the hall 1 I'ra 

i I icnico, of Pc was in- 

Hs.nl 
an<l 

le of Santa Maria Novella, who 
had sonic reputation as a theolog 
• a violent j.]>ce<:h against h 
Others followed the monk, and, when 
all were through, Savonarola, calmly 

1 In mc you sc 
the saying of our I>ord : Filti mains 
meet pugnaverunl eonlra me. • It 

• S»nf tA Solomon, I. 6. 



590 



Sennet. 



ievet me to see my fiercest 
rsary wearing die dress of S. 
Dominic. That very dress ought to 
.m that our fountU: 

il degree occupied with 
the affairs of this world; and tint 
from our order have gone forth a 
multitude of religious men and saints 
\a the affairs of state. 
The Florentine republic cannot h.ivc 

etro 

Marline, Santa Caterina of Sienna, 

Sam' An ton i no, all of wl 
belong to the Order of S. Dominic. 
A religious man is not to be con- 
ifer occupying himself with 
the concerns of that world in which 
God has placed him. I defy any one 



to point out a single 

condemnatory of 

favor to a free governn. 

to promote the triumph of m< 

and n I he thus 

duded: li It is easy to sec th 

ought not to be treated ii 

laces, and that the 

ubject for discussion a 

There was no attempt 

II us now frankly, I 
that your words come from I 
do you nol 

hat which I have s 
;«nly; and I have nothu 
add," vras Savonarola's 



lion a 
oraC< 



SON s : I 

TO THE PlU-Mt THAT STANDS BESIDE THE HIGH ALTAR AT " S- m'l 
OUTSIDE THE WALLS," ROME.* 

■V avi : IU. 

A conqueror called thee from the eternal night, 
And said, " Ascend from thy dark mother's breast ; 

in my glory on thy sunlike ■ 
And by mine altar watch— an ocol 
A poet, wandering from H i height, 

Beheld thee dead ere bom. Thai Alpine | 
Adjured thee, ■ When vcr rest, 

And frce^e those hearts th;> J might." 

Tlic years went by; then, iur] 

Which blinds the Dfttii hex Roman throne 

Thus spake theuni 
" Arise at last, thou long-expectant Si 
For God pr<: rw: 

Advance ; and where the A and thou! ' 

• Thi» filUt ami doauaad bT tbe fit« Napoleon (or the decoration uf ilit I 
Milan, the imon.1i J monument <-•. lilt Italian rlcloriea, Hii f«ll (initiated Ihe Jen 
later, WotdSfrOftb, while .lc--ce ciclm« tot* Italy by UW Simplon !••«, <»mc upno lU I 
bum » It lay half raiiad from the Alpine quaiiy. and addrcMcd 10 it hisailMlaol 

■ Ambition, following down the far-famed »lop»." 
and proceeding : 

" Re»l where thy couim wm flayed by power Dl 



Madame Agues. 



59' 



DAME AGN 



rfcou »k nr»CH or imaxijm ouaoo. 



CHAPTER XIX. 
ALBOLfS 



, after despatching her ! 
ed with an uru 
mini:. -In •. ' ; V\ iil 

here in season nked 

vrhaps mademoiselle will 
>mc to a decision before 
.rriv. 

owever partial Fanny might 
iier | lie could 

ing that Louis possessed rare 
i. If her interests had not 

stake, she would have con- 
tt once ii ■•■■ was 

of MIIl-. .Sin;'. at her 

ss kept her wilfully blind. 

day aftci led away 

result. The wonderful letter 
nded so much on pro- 
no effect. Twenty times 8 
t went from despair 

h a fine .lie would 

Such a pretty girl ! And 
them to slip through his 
-to fall into the hands of 
— and what other! ... A 
rift who will squander her 
f — a libertine 

wife ! . . . Ah ! 
appy with him, and he 

I should be so sure of an 
';eir house I What is he 
. . . Is he absorbt 
tnd going to lose such an 
nity ? 1 waa right; he is 
aded. But his mother, Mine. 
uj sense enough, I am 
d has longed for this match 
M years: is she asleep too? 
she changed her mind? . . ." 
a the day of th 
1 1 have just spoken, Fai 



en was u-. "The i 

she : to herself " ]■'■■ 

. Eugenie bo in- 

rent towards him. Perhaps th 
will come to an oi 
■, and vow to love 

Albert i ly ;i 

When Eugenie retired to her 
chain ex- 

citement, was there to eye her nar- 
rowly, hoping to read the depths of 
her soul. She i iw hi ■ mt 

more thoughtful 

rtfttUy praising Lo 

'nic seemed to listen with plea- 

rvant 

lit, . . . \ I .'.in 

appeared, iad decided on 

cou; i ioubrttte was a long- 

headed woman! 

•• It" I h.i [ I :>d for 

mik. i riigenie," she said to h« i 
"1 should i: lect M. 

Louis. M ! would be fiu 

happ 

will never and inothei her. 

But I canno) I ippy. 

It is their own affair. Mine is to 
look on! fur my own interests. . . . 

It do I w.i in ? . . . To seen 
pleasant home for the rest of my 
Perhaps this new suitor would give 
me one. ... Is he really as much 
of a spemhh: 

as I I have 

him only a few times, but I know 
him well enough to see I may h 
been greatly ' and that there 

is ni'K h more in 
cd. . . . Well, that is settled : if Al 



fadamt Agnes. 



bert is not here in season, if I sec the 
oihi; i:kclj to win the da 

thill - with him. . 

will : more sacrifice for 

I have loved 
so m:.:!: 1 will write his mother 
again, and v. ;..ng- 

CT. . . . 

be WTOtc, .;• : have long 

to wait al the next 

.red, 
Fanny almost sa and 

joy. I she loved him as B] 

love when t'ney love at 
all — with as r as sclf- 

ishn I she 

bat'- She had not 

a year and a half. He 
was iird year of his law 

undies— a young man of sprightly, 
il air, foul dress, and tiu- 

eat of speech, the.: ly talked 

of trifles. . . . Qtiiin/tim 
. . . 1 lc i gimve air, his dress 

vol plain even to and there 

was a i .nner of 

speaking that confounded Fanny, 
but which pleased her. What had 

t to 

point till she 

This could 

not e at once. He must 

renew his acquaintance with his 

uncle, aunt, and cousin. 

it's sudden arrival caused 
some surprise, bat not very much, 
however, for fa 

al months before to come about this 
time. Mr. .Sin iii: 

with i quiet, somewhat cool 

regard. He looked upon his nephew 

as frivolous, nr.d foi : COple he 

had But Mmc . 

gav« 

lion, She loved him for hi. 
own sake, and especially fbi 
mother's, whom she regarded srith 
affection and pity. She KM quite 



well aware that her s' 

■ 
marry her daughter M 
ve been repugi 
Eugenic also 
with the plcasuic and coi 
ur.il to a relative ra te fnen 

of hi 

In the course of two hours, be 
made to feel qui: 
to go . and to <b] 

lie liked. All the fan 
some cm; as 

as her parents. Albert x 

v thia lit : I iJre 

as the saying is — to get the news Bon 

inihrd 
him to c 

I • : 

.Hl£C3 

It »as o» 
tlie banks of the tiver, whi 
more charming here than 
other i peaceful current jW- 

cd between high 

on r: of w-Dlost 

.[ branch 
■ 
fully quiet and I 
enic'a favorite n 
she ol 

i i-baaL 
But to tic 

•• At last we can have 
good i : of oar 

mutual plans, eh I eh I— for it seems 

wish me to man 
Our plain are in i! ! ani to 

ir two letters: it is 

ble 1 may be set aside I That would 

be a pity I My cousin is handsomer 

than ever. . . . But to tell ihc tratX 

her style of beauty i ctljr to 

my taste: she i iligniited. 

B ... " 

"Too lemoi 

is enchant d then, there 

is her fortune, v no harm to 

ler." 






ifadami Agnes, 



S93 



uncle's losses hare m:> 
I in it, however." 

arc bong iq 
. 
Dot believe how profit 
mill is. Come, tell me plainly, 
you ever find a wife as n<rii ? — 
much as she v. ill 
■? . 
Ma pi. 'no." 

the money you would never 
in you have come near let- 
slip into another's hands ! . . . 

ome danger of it SI 
You ; 
It b juil so. Why were- you SO 

[Because . . . Tuns, my dear, I 
jus: going to tell you a lib, but 
>ul<l do no good. I may as well 
i my hand. ... I i nine very re- 
indy, because I prefer my b 
ifc. It would suit me better to 
a while. Would it be dangcr- 
to . v of two or four 

Ah ! ■ enough to furnish 

wit I: irne wile and a line 

inc 1 One must wait till you are 

pour » i:-- ?" 

( not get angi;. 
oat i I will do 

ou say. Hen djp to 

■ 
me what I am to i 
You give in? Yon may as 
' ' I you gave me 

ilse i is so 

a made ine ho|>c you were COO- 
ed — 1 ' ■ i •.. i mi takes, and 
■ 

And so I even took 
you not tell me to 
le here like a man scti 
ed? It" ! : deceiving 

, ihe disguise must be perl 

i-- more easily tak 
> yo.i! . . . bat that is not the 
— jS 



■ 

are you afraid 

.. i. 

you BteJu Eugenie unhap 

; is 
she likes — what else ?" 
•• IVhi n >•«'.: trill 

no rongei j Deed of me, and 

will send me an 

Send you away I I am ready to 
swear. . . . Mere, I will give you my 
promise in writing: yon shall never 
leave my 

think me capable of such fatgl 
I a in G tut I have some 

heart, yon well know, you old grunt 
bier. . . . Well, how do iflai 
stand ? . . . I>oes not your affei 
for me incline you to take too gloi 
•«• of things ? . . . My ci; 
— my rival, if I rightly understand 
letters — is a fellow who rui 
and came here to wm 
dlul Eugonie'i l" 
tunc ; he is very 
ancc. and an: 
not enough to be 
for a fortune — the tiling fa 
'I"he first oondirioi the 

handsome fellow ?" 
■ N 

i to strike y of 

ayoi 
•• II..:; he much wit?" 
" He talks little, but well." 
'•He is religious, 1 think 
said ?" 

. ; he ha 
and a school I the 

:men, and he visits the poor. 

a many opporl 
of mcetiii 

. . (of his library, pi 
and pens for his Kfai 'hey 

.• opon thi 

fellOW. I It- 
thinks that a good way to please ray 
cousin and to see her. Then Eu- 
lie is more religious than she used 
to be?" 



594 



Madame Agnes. 



" It seems »o, but you know it is 
to tell what is going on in 
mademoiselle's heart." 

,ny, you have rendered me a 
service I shall never forget. It was 
ligh time. I am 
cvci I am too late. Have 

you .my thing to make you 

think her in love with him alrca-i 

" She began by regarding him with 
aversion. T" :d into in 

fcrcnie. What further change there 
is I ili.» not know." 

i aused her aversion ?" 
■ thought be came here to 
catch her." 

••His piety seemed to her mere 
artifice." 

•' K\ . . Is Bay OM ever 

converted without a motive 

1 arc a wicked areata 
bcrt. Ii.i;:- - : v be a hypocrite, 
.11 religious jicople arc not h- 
i begin to think fa 

me, go on 1 . . . Well, I see 
■ a saint, 
uhing more. The 
danger is ban 

coing to do? 
rong. I hope." 

that score. I am 

keep an eye oa that man, 

and study him. If he b sincere, I 

iii ridiculous; if he b 

mask him. Of coarse, 

U »bo employ other means. If 

1 ... . . . ■ .n love «ith turn, 

be foremost to win her 

hoait. It tin ts attached to h: 

tlu utmost to appear more 

worthy of her regard, and to root 

is unnecessary to Say 1 shall 

nftV as a person of 

Kngetue b alavrdiy romaa- 

I must endeavor to appear 

than tab new apostle. 

\ lib 



not be astonishing if I also 
converted during the inter 
" Don't go too far .'" 
'• You m.iy rely on that, 
only one i 
Have 1 not some in\ 
contend against ? . 
will of her own. If she hi 
made up her mind, if her 
on him, 3il my attempts n 

lings have DOl 
pats yet, I have every re 
lieve. 1 know where and 
has seen him, and what he 
to her. She only regards 
esteem, you may be sure." 

ag on hb plant 
had but 

once in execution. That ve 
ing at dinner he dirc:tcd t! 

raised the e»g 
robed 
dispa: of him. H 

suspicions with 
li Hi-jiL He was i 
of doing anything hastily. 

up his mind 
him if he found him as ti 
Catholic as he had reason 
that b, an orerzealous oi 
contriving with the turf 
dark plots, the idea of wbi 
him. 

Huge-tie, in a [\ 
manner, confirmed all 
had said, spoke of the 
be had undertaken, and 
tiorted the part 

■ I also should be 
participate in alt these 
dertakmgs," said Albert, 
tell you, dear cousin, that 
ginning to be reasonable, 
interest in studying the 
problems, especially the 
of pauperism, and toe 
meat of the lower classes, 1 
Sawti tea gave 



MaJame Agues. 



595 



lad Eugenic broke 

tlT. 

Quick, " you shall 
i I lell you is not true ! 
I will visit tli is won 
offer my services to the 
• of it. I rath- 
U mi* be refus 

how ntnus- 

II he I i .rilling 

. . . You 
4 it" 

think mc fickle, then ?" 
erso." 

arc mistaken. I alt 
wme things, ami especially 
i cousin." 
.'U have become," 
D. "But 
come o\ used 

> each other; now we 
Once ivc kept up 
com 

. and here 

gracious, amiable, end con 

ry be It 

n make no rctuin. . . . 

! ia vain, my dear Albert ; 

nor your 

• b deceive me. My 

Dt long a;; 
he ymc. 1 1 ■ 

said there was 



<T 



OU. 



:nent had 
made in Mme. 

. She little t.. 
her son by showin 
[ht 

mother was mistaken," said 
.cccdingly vexed at such 
remar'.: 

n a wrong interpretation to 
I a:i same 

in sense. When thi 
laughter, I ■ 
But i 
suitable tiroes, I t'eel that 
■ instant gaiety is un- 



worthy of a man who aspires to 
high pUce m the estimation of 

"Ah ! to think of lioniz- 

ing, my dear coum: i.iigcnie, 

looking at him with a mocking air. 
'• But now I begin to in 
your behavior. . . . Yes; that is it. 
. . . You have an eye to the bench. 
You -,rt of a 

judge's I ight, but 

between ourselves, as no one bean 
you, confess that the mask is any- 
but comfortable." 
it was vexed and on 
i ! :mpts wen- he couli 

ally 
what he wished to appear. His sa- 

i banter 
i wit he (bond 
off. 

1 
iriaga but her very simplicity 
anil wit disarmed A ! thwart- 

ed his plans. How far thU was fi 
tlie Mis f'iisui'M he hojved to inspire! 

< a 
cousin, almost like a boy. He 
solved to let her sec he was a mar 
— a thongbtful and even religiou 
man he. 

•■ I wiil go and b ai I the I 
den. 1 «'ill watch him narrowly; l 
become fa r to 

thwart him. When I have convinc- 
ed my unck and aunt ll 

-. quite as rntioti;:' 
demon, without being fan . 
him— for I 

genie's <■■■■ I have 

won the admiration ©C toy roraai 
cousin, then we will think of wool 
But begin by dri> 

Really, the i 
i s to interest me. A fine fortune 
and a pr Iforc* 

over, there ••■• this dismal creature to 
cover with COOfUMOD. ll" 1 

.off conqueror, it will be because 
the fates arc strangely agai 



59 6 



iame Agues. 




Such ircrc Albert's thoughts aftcT 
; to his chamber. Then he 
betook himself to a novel. He 
was delighted to i 
shrewd, anil had no doubt of h 

At that same hour, Louis was 
al»o awake, but absorbed in • 
Pkty daily increased in his st* 
tool: k> did lore in bn hc.irt. .M- 

:irrival, which he was ;•' 
informed of, produced a painful im- 

i. '• Mr. Smithson c, 
me," he said to him i genie 

docs not yet lore me ccasy 

B t!ie place 
I covet in her hear:." He dwelt cm 
these sad thoughts for some 



but so <e to hi; 

all his cues to God. The pi 
uttered might l>e summed up 

so full of Christian her* 
isra : "O my God ! if it b in hs 
power to render her happier than I 
could. I pray thee to bestow 
him, and let me find u 
solation in thee! . . ." The true 
Christian (I 

fections as to render thera disinter- 
When Louis fell asleep, hr 
in the air, 
but calmness was in his hear 

: : : 

purity of his love had restored sertn- 

i his soul. 



CHAPTER XX. 






Albert called at Louis' office about 
ten o'clock the next morning. This 
offir ■ !PtK «f the manu- 

factory, between two large n> 
always tilled with workmen. Here 

in a 

If he went out from time to 
time, it was first to one place, and 
then to another, to keep an eye 
everything, and re 

:ve occurr«<L 
He everywhere re| iifl»« 

He saw and 

give orders about everylhi 
icqn elf of these duties a 

an ability ver 

Id not help acknowledging. He 
: have niihcd for an assist- 
ant more i more energetic, or 

reliable. Had it not been for 
one suspicion in this cold Protest- 
ant's breast, one cause of antipathy 
against this ovcrr.ealous Catholic, 
Mr. Smithson would D have 

esteemed Louis, but would have laker 
him to bin heart. As it was. he e 
tented bmttdfvitfa merely esteeming 
him, and this against his will, 



The workmen were <;:■ 
two parties with respect to 
The go ■•'ere the least numer- 

ous — alas ! it is so everywhere : tbe 

. 
were absolute!;. 

The bad feared him. They knew he 
was inflexible when there was any 
ii morals or the rule* 
of the cstabiishmi ot 1 
■ . 
•■•. or any i Jk. I .. 

fear he excited anion- the bad 
him extremely hated by a i 
a Albert enter, 
the latter went i 
meet him with the case of a man of 
the v. 

the reserve of ; 
himself in the presence 

m the very these two 

: first saw each other, they felt they 
were id a 

position to defend which the t 
sought for, and both were conscious 
of it Before the Parisian uttered a 
word, Louis divine 
in his heart. " He has come to 1 1 



Madtttiu Agnes. 



597 



ay and many hit CO 
ight he. "If Pre. 
ilans, I shall submit. Bat i 
I who brought mc hither. I do 
think I am mistaken in believing 
' do here, 
• till I cl early 
ought to give it up and go 

)■■•■ 

lbert had to introduce himself, 
am Mr. Snrithson's nephew," 
he. ' i.Ue of the law, and 

;ris bar. My 
lives bav Dg time urged 

• profited 
n interval of leisure to a< • 
' invitation. I am an. 
', of the important r$le you fill in 
hou cfiJ man 

mrc, and an) desirous Ol 

acquaint:;;.. liesides, I have 
I of your ft 

an be of any service what- 
. monsieur, I assure you 
me great pleasure to 
: you. 

My charming cousin Eugenic 
tne. monsieur, that you arc cn- 
td in things I am likewise In 
1 in — the relief of the poor and 
lorant at' 
even given me to 
nd that the is your use 
k." 
lbert kept hit eyes fastened on 
ce as he ottered these word*. 
thou he would betray his 

igs at such a greeting— at the 

ne of Eugenie. I 
itcnancc remained impenetrable 
anal. Albert felt he had before 
bt a very indifferent or a 
shrewd man. 

I am glad to learn, monsiV 
ed I i take an 

j, as i . in these Christian 

rs, which in these tiinesaremore 
tsar. Poverty and 

orality are making great ravages. 
I should rem 1 am a 



• novice in such matters. As 

• kind as 

to speak of in may have told 

bow little I ham yet nccoro- 

cd. And what I have done 

or.lv been through Mr. Smithson's 

constant aid. You wish, monsieur, 

to be initiated into my andertakii 

: will be very c.i.'-y ! 1 will I 
you our I ircely est 

; that U all." 
to introduce mc to 
your poor. I am seriously dispos- 
ed 10 BJ of 
the (real ;. of charity and 
ruction, They are quite the or- 
tier of the day. When can I meet 
} . . ." 
-' 'l'1-.i.-; evening, if you like 
school begins at seven o'clock." 

"And what do you do at this 
school ?" 

■• I teach reading and writi 
those who arc ignorant of ti 
Orthography to some, and . 
toothers. I end b Bg some- 

leetedj wirl 
sional remark* easy to comprehend 
iiis affords me a 
daily opportunity of giving my au- 
.fill advice." 
t made a alight grii 
Th!) m.i: did not 

suit him. He wished for exert 
that afforded a more promising field 
for satisfying his vanity, It was well 
to propose being useful ! H 
to sir 

They continued to converse a while 
longer. I tb the shrewdness 

thai ' him led the con- 

versation to the mi ' ■ ,~ts. 

Tt replied without suspecting 
the scrutiny he 

ful to hi acted to 

judge Dial of 

a man armed with unfall 

lions. Hut this seriousness did 

hoot appearing to 
observe it, he caught him a d. I 



598 



Madame Ag 



tes in criminal ignorance, 
what was worse, this ignorance was 
■mpanicd with a conceit that was 
ridiculous. At length the two young 
men separated Ttiey had formed 
an opinion of each other at the first 
glance. Louis had seen thro 
Albert's mask, and found him a man 
of no depth, poorly aping a person 
of gravity. Albert felt he had a sa- 
gacious person to deal with. If 
LoOai was his rival, he was a formid- 
able one. 

It may be supposed that, loving 
Eugenic to such a degree, Louis 
felt, as an in r would 

have done in his place, that it would 
be sad to see a woman of so much 
worth united to a superficial m 
lie could not help feeling that he 
himself "was more worthy of Eugenic 

than Albeit; that he was more capa- 
ble of making her happy. He was 

not mistaken; he had a right to 
think bo. 

A few days after this first interview, 
I sent Louis word that Victor 
very much worse. His disease had 
nude alarming progress. \ 
had hitherto 

against it, but, the evening before, 
he took mc by the hand, and, fixing 
his large melancholy eyes on mine, 

- My dear, my beloved wife, I have 

kept up nil now, and continued to 

k as usual. But the hour has 

come for mc to la j II earthly 

thou ... It is time to 

collect my thoughts- . . . Death ii 

oaching. . . 

At these words, I began to weep 
ud sob. lie waited till this natural 
explosion of grief was over. 

" I can realize your distress, my 
good Agnes," said he. " I, too, feel 
how painful it is to leave you. But 
wc are both Christians. Our religion 
is a source of never-failing consola- 
tion. ... Sec how good God has 



been to us! I might have di 
ago : God has left me with yoa 
now. He has given mc time to pre- 
pare to enter his presence. Anil I 
truly believe tl i of ail 

made a good 
hist days. I have torn 
trained a man to so© in the 

journal. He will defend the gooa" 
cause as well as I ; perhaps better. 
I have saved the lire of a young 
man who is and always will be a 
consistent Christian such 
more o£ I shall, I hope, have 1 
share in all the good Louis will ac- 
complish; and he will do a great 
deal. . . . Of course, my dear 
il is hard to separate from you, bet 
we shall meet again on high. 
longest life is but briet How happy 
we shall be to meet again far nora 
this wretched world, which I should 
not regTet were it not for leaving yoa 
s room to God: 
the impious and the hyjiocritical ire 
fearfully multiplying. Tli 
age I If the very thought of leavitg 
those wc love were not bo 
the heart, ah! how swe 

iar away from so much wicked- 
ness to the pure radiance of heaves. 
Why cannot I carry you with rae, 
my poor darling ? i -lad 1 

Bhould then be to >:<>. . . . But, no; 
it is not the will of God. 1 lc 
mc to precede you, alone. So be it 
When in yonder world, I shall pray 
for you ! . . . And now, let u 
up all worldly things to those who 
have a longer time to live, 
mc, I must cease to labor, 
forth think of nothing but Gi 
ion. . . ." 
The following morning, I sent Louis 
word of what had taken place, He 
hastened to see us that afternoon. 
When he saw our dear Victor, he 

hngly affected, hi 
band had changed every way 
a fortnight, without my being con- 



ietou.% of it, having been constantly 
with 

•* glad I am to sec you 1" 
; he to Louis. " Weil, 
i not meet many times more, . . . 
here below, I mean, bat we 
meet again in heaven never more to 
scpar 

Louis burst into te 

l great child." continued be. 
I it were not for rny sweet Agnes 
there, 1 would beg you to congratu- 
late me: 1 am going home to God I 
But the idea of leaving that 
soul, who has made me so ha] 
hangs like a cloud between me and 
heaven. Oh I you will, you will 
watch over her a* 1 wnulil myself, 
m ill you not ?" 

" Yes ; a* your very self, 1 .-< 
ly promise you," cried Louis. Then, 
failing on his knees beside the bed, 
he said : ■ me once 

more that you forgive me. It is I 
who have killed you ! ' 

->r drew him t. im rsul-. him, and 
embraced him. Louis then begged 
my forgiveness also. I could not 
answer him, hut 1 lull out my hand, 
which he respectfully kissed. 

.: favor 
" I hope yu-a will not leave us so 
soon as you suppose, but it is better 
to make the request now, as I can 
do it to-day without troubling you : 
me your I 

r excused himself, lr.it Louis 
ted so long that lie yielded, 
tor then extended his hand over 
his friend's head: " O my G 

he, " I am oi aer, with 

ut I 
have to thee, and 1 

also thou has 

permitted mc to i\o some good. 
h over him I . . . Make 
him happy here below, is thy 

will he . a the 

necessary courage to find joy in sor- 
row itself." 



This scene was deeply aft. 
For some time we remained sj 
Victor, unwilling to leave us so pain- 
f'.illy impressed, began to smile and 
tar the liveliest tonga he could im- 
agine. Addressing Louis, he sai 

'■ How are your love affairs ? Vou 

.'■ hon I long for your 

union with a worn. dated to 

EC you happy. The more i | 
Ol it, the more I am convinced that 
Mile. .Smithson is the very person." 

Louis replied with a sigh. He 
related what had taken place at the 
great dinner, and the wrong impres- 
sion Mr. Smithson had derived from 
the <:i>\~t hnpruda 
told us oi Albert's arrival, and gave 
a brief account of i ■ 

•'This man's unexpected aj 
ancc ied me si 

" it has excited ■ thousand 
fears only too well grounded. I 

tOSe 1 think him capable of de- 
stroying my most cherished hopes? 
. . . No ; not if it depend* merely 
on him. His less face, dm 

affected and pretentious manners, 
and his vacant mind, are not calcu- 
1 to fascinate Mile. Kugeuie. 
nature is entirely different from 
llis. His delects must sho 

Hut the man, from what i am told, 

has the luck of being in I. 

I graces. Who knows but Mine. 
Smithson herself iadm i to 

come, with the positive intention of 

giving him her daughi I in 

igc? . . ." 
•• It is possible," said Victor, "but 
MM for hope 
pite of 1 1 Von ac- 

knowledge yourself that -n^n 

cannot please Mile, Now, 

mind of her 
:y indul- 
gent tO her. These Iv. ■ . . in- 

lu l- to believe the will never 
marry him." 
•' She is different from most wo- 



Goo 



Madame Agnes. 



men I Louis. "Her filial de- 

votion may lead her to accept the 
band her parents propose. . . . 
if she loved mc, I should not 
be alarmed on that score. For an 
instant, I thought she did; bill the 
longer I nly, the 

mor: 

lulled by a sweet illusion. . . . Site 
does not love mc yet. It is possible 
she night, had things remained as 
they were. ike at 

new turn now. I ha young relat 
arrival will absorb her and 

how do I know I 
end by ■ . i for whal 

tends to be — a grave, thoughtful 

r 
•• I hi fears on ifc 

said ■■ 1 1 this intruder is the 

superficial person you sup]>ose — ami 
he is, I believe — he will not dee 
person so observing as Mile. 

is her cousin. . . . I 
in the home treats him M 
great affection. . . . Mile. Bug 

Dongand without ei 
and the man in question does not 
ity. ... lie has 
already annoy n more than 

"Is 

" 1 told you that at our first inter- 

- xpressed a 

• I the work I had 

eo. 1 promised to intro- 

i.;::i to my f hod th it evening. 

He was so urgent 

e. M f I 
were only too well founded, as you 
■•-. .I I bco, 1 had | been a 

quarter of an hour in the school- 
rooo he came in with Mr. 

Sttithson. I am anxi. ex- 

aggeratc anything; above all, I 

wish to calumniate him. It is, 

then: •.-,.■ i all sincerity 1 tell you 

that t hi lirst 

;v thing as to 






take the precedence of mc before si 
schol. -cd fa- 

il his uncle's, he en- 
tered ' ,-rc salute 
patron:- 

itere, he rt- 

niained as if to superintend and 6- 

ie, as the roaster of the bom* 

e done, had he wished M 

low only came there to mat 

UuU he nas, even a 
my night-school, the master, 

hum 

suiting mc, lie began to give- 
to one and another, making a great 
deal of noise, and me<; 

that, thanks to lire, 
nolhii. mc He disturbed 

everybody, and was of no assistance 

" Of eon 
as well as those disp 
• new-corn 

strained myself. 

him that t • 

ing, he called on me, and announce] 

you know, I am in the habit of re**- 
ing aloud every evening from some 
good book — a histoi . nt. ao 

or a mor.. | calcs- 

latcd to interest tlie workmen. To 
this 1 i ■iplanations 

and reflections ol ••[ ena 

religious nature. This « 
simple as it 

was not to his liking. He wis. 
replace it advantage * iwJ, 

irently lea 
■ reality u n per- 

nicious. Nothing is wo 

great words on people abso- 
lute of elementary know- 
ledge. Uut the [Oorancc of 
udience attracted Albert. 



Mndame Agnes. 



601 



SfaOul them with- 

ffort, and without t ; 

knows. I listened 
his proposal. When be 
vc rac a slight glance of 
which was oniino 

16 young man i 

he s< •:. ii, but the 

he pre 

!u made SO much 
that I could not c 

He perceived it, and 
m. I regretted not ha*- 
I, restrained my fe 
I followed him into the 
He received me with 
ughtincs*, and took my 
ns unkindly. W 
thus addressed me : 
tur, tin 
t of love of being useful : 
belong. Then 

I 
t: you may know oi 
arc instituted this school; 
t in | i way; you 

is fur all this I do not 

I can certify one thing : 

o have your wotkinen to 

practice to 

ywherc, even when 1 

right. Consequently I 

pedhim to ask what B 
could have. 

'aid he, " the 

is not to be 

It leads to many things. 

better than I what ti 

c of it ; it is not for me to 

tains to be jc 

r 

wished to insinuate 

I 

cm of the Smith- 
''■mc's 
I felt my ang. :i 



about to reply in a way I si. 
have regretted, but h 1 it 

without giving mc an 

ity. 

" At first, I congratulate 
victory. I am ash • say 

that my pride, which 1 thought ! 
had conquere 1 in 

my heart. • He ii sfraid of mc!' 1 

if. ' He 1 

riority. and has none away through 

ion.' Subsequent reflec- 

e of my mistake. 

Albert, m wi&drawing, was not van- 

iliI, but really the conqueror. 

He bad successfully 

design. He was tired of 
the school, and felt he should soon 
cut a sorry figure in it. He so: 
the : getting out of it, which 

1 unwittingly i him, to that 

his very retreat could i M a 

plea me. All Da ,'ient 

infinni d 
pii ions, I have not met him si 
but I can has been secretly 

Oflg against me. Mr. Smithson 
itdcr than ever towards mc. As 
to .Mil.'. Bogenie, I have met her 
only once, ml 

saw me. and might have spoken, but 
pretended not toobserveme. ... 
my mi, ] confess, 

downhearted, i.ive seen 

that my course and my principles 
excite Mr. Smithson's suspicions, but 
l some reason vc I was 

on lunger mm; laughter. 

er, has been : : 

a month, she will no longer be able 
ndurc me. . . . What shall I 

"Keep straight 00 itte the 

wo.-k yon haw begun. por> 

tunny occurs for e n either 

incc 
them that you are an bom 

■ 

when he left us. We -ted 



602 



inu 



Agnts 



in his sadness, for wc did not doubt 
but this cousin, who e so 

inopportunely, was slyly doing him 
some til-turn. We were not w: 
in thinking a I relate what 

h3d taken pi; 

Louis rightly conjecture 
bert had willingly allowed himself 
to be excluded from the school. He 
immediately presented himself in the 
salon with an air of discouragement, 
g in the bottom of lus 
heart. 

•'You have returned eat; 
eve: i Eugenic you 

tired of the school already ?" 

•■ I am not tired o: y can 

:>ger endure me UM 

•• Have you made yourself 
portable?" asked Eugenic. She 
rarity did not love her cousin, 
under the appearance of teasing him, 
as is the way with young people, she 
I him some pretty plain truths as 
often as she could. Mr. Smithson 
was :i newspaper. Hearing 

what Eugenic and Albert laid, bfl 
looked op, and lephcv, in 

hi* usual grave tone : 

• W hat has happened 

" I have been dismissed from the 
school." 

" Impossible i.ugcnic. 

Albert was astonished at the per- 
sistency with which his cousin de- 
fended Louis. He fell his hatred 
redouble against the engineer. 

•• You may well think it impossi- 

bc, in .111 insinuating tone. 

. . . if this gentleman 

has a right to figure in the school he 

founded with my uncle's aid, I, 

nephew, and almost a child of the 

house, have a right to take a part in 

it also. But such is not the 

of our imperious co-laborer. There 

mine about his instruc- 

Uy criticised. For 

example, he tries, however awkward 

. to give a religious turn to 



everything, arbi 
friend to i 

In 
skilfully aroused his u 
ami tr. Smithson 

mured to himself, with that vow 
the soul inaudible to 

. .uxIxh 
ie*r, fool as be 
und it out. and has u 
him 1 That other has 

if him." 

Albert partly guessed what 
passing in his uncle's mind, and 
he had made a good hit. He 
recriminations in the&e 
he little advice of a humble 
ture I gave him ; my COW 
cut from his, and, I : 
vanii;. 

Here Eugenie burst into a lc 
laugh. 

•• I.-; ' said Mr. .SmithWi 

ly, " what yoi . sayisf 

merits attention. You arc 

Eugenic never resisted her lathe 
except in a case of absolute neos*-l 
ic became silent, and appeircL 
to take no further interest iu tlie ■ 
versa lion. 

•• At last," said Albert, " I deirh; 
saw this gent. :icd to hart 

his schoo- ■*> muca at 

home does he feel e . 

He ludely . . . made me feci tbe 
... I was in the way. I »tli> 
drew, but not without lelti: 
know, in my turn, that 1 regarded I 
iirse as it merited." 

"There was no quarrel bctuff 
you?" inquired Mr. Smithson, w'w 
t horror of coin 
!e." 

Mine. Smithson thcr 
ceeded to console her nep. 
well as she coo rcoiaiadtr 

of the evening | 
fortable manner. ! 
jvcrsons in the room was 



603 



ius reflection without wishing it 
i all felt that ihey 
not like to communicate what 
hearts. 1 
ed a want oft i become 

i more awkward as it grew 
more perceptible in spite of the ci; 
each made to com The two 

»ho were the most troubled, however, 
rere Mme. Smithson ami Albert, 
latter no longer doubted Ku- 
gettic* love for the eugiueer. He 
ht to have scon that, as usual, she 
cly took the side of the oj 



As to Mr. Smithson, it was 
different. A lew 
merely . - be 

ItJCSl and ambitious, and ii . 

with the otri to andei au< 

ity among the workmen. 
he began to be sure of it. He 
even went SO ' his 

■.liter of favoring de- 

This Catholic league, estab- 
lished in his own house and at his 
own hearth, filled him with a terror 
and anger as lively as they were 
ridiculous. 



CHAP! 



.1 N 1. 



The next morning, bciorc any one 
was up, Albert wenl in si irch oi 
Fanny, with whom he had the 
lowing i ...on : 

i have caused me a useless 
said he. " Eugenie loves 
the engineer." 

:o not believe it," replied the 
servant, either because she did not. 
or because she wished to console 
Albert. 

i • ;s of no use to i 
I have kept my eye nd drawn 

my own conclusions. 1 have a . 
ter opportunity than you for obi 
<a. I tell you she loves him! 
-u cannot devise some sche 
for driving him from her mind, I 
shall set out to-morrow for the capi- 
tal." 

'•Here is what I call lulling the 
nail on the head. ... 1 thought of 
ig yesterday exactly to the 
point-" 

Ibert't turn to be incredu- 
i shoulders as 
a sign of di 

tell you I can s 
demand." repeated Fanny slowly. 

i a manufactory, ei 
thii. I about. 'Hie cngi 

has for some time frequented a house 



apparentlj i charity, hut it is 

my Opinion another motive takes 

htm liiete. There is a young gir! 

the house — the prettier.. 

girl to be seen, they ten 

leagues around. Besides, she is 

well 

or." 
! mehow he became acq 
ed with the (ami ) . ' 

"The father is a drun 
mother an idle, malicious creature 

ycd here. The I ; 
ncer looks alter her. This worn 
was probably the C 

They arc extremely 

tttte." 

I the girl: what docs she 

She has been very well brought 
up at an aunt's in town. The aunt 

'nut 

she was unable to make her will, as 
she intended, i see. 

The hut 

home, to Bud hed- 

Bver, that 

she has behaved ad ... 

All these details are correct, 1 isai 

... Wh.it is no k 
Mile, i &oie knows all the poor 
iics that the engineer visits except 



604 



Madame Agnes. 



this one. It is my conviction 
he love* this girl, and intends marry- 
lier some day. . . . Theft is no 
need of making jieople out worse 
than tliey are. There are some good 

,s in this AL Loots. Ai 
family are very wealthy. He will 
not be poor long, and is at liberty to 
marry a unman who lux nothing, if 
he | 

A tt, '■ I will re- 
flect on what you have told me. 
c, with this information, 
10 greatly modify my fair coi 
Is her pro: 
Beibie another hour, Albert had 
gat'; 1 ;>articulai .^ard 

. and matured ha pj 
I very afternoon, he ask 

. to accompany her 
in h ng the poor. 

lid she. •• I have not 
bcci : m for sonic time. I was 

,ht to go to-d;' 
iher. The day 
was cJehghu j!. Eugenic, lively and 
v as astral, look most of the con- 
WTMlifMi u:>oo herself. Albert had 
oo a dignified air of offence which 
be v . ;s cousin to perc: 

hot she did not no: pretend- 

ed not Twenty times he was on 
the point of alluding to what bad 
taken place the evening before, and 
as often refrained. Conceited as he 
was, Albert could not -he 

was not at his eas:- nie's so- 

ciety. Her unvarying frankness, her 
sntcib'gcncc. and the mac 
never forsook ber, all these rare 
qualities rendered him continually 
diffident in her presence. 

At some distance from the manu- 
factory, the road divided. One | 
earned towards the highway that led 
to the village ; the other foBowed a 
gentle declivity to the river half hid- 
den among the wallows, rashes, and 
lowers that make that part of the 
bank so deCghtfoJ. 



•- charming view!" 
Albert " Let us go down this 

rt distance. M 
return to the highway." 

Eugenic allowed herself 
guided by his » ish. When 
hundred steps from the she- 
came to a hut by the wayside, te- 
l ween two large trees, picture*!* 
in appearance, but indicative of pc*- 
It look:' insaUca ws 

m a thicket 

particular usq sa- 
les, and knew the hut was nihabiiei 

-oor,* 
I Louis toil 
charge of unknown to Eugenic. 

re there not some of your pott 
e here whom you ooj 

Mbctt, in the most is 
r manner. 
•' No ; 1 have no idea who lira 
in this 

saw M. Louis coming out of 
it the other .'... 

" H -ly came here 

sines*. 1 know all the bunnies ke 
l; none of tht: 
lilc thus talking, Albert ap- 
proached the hut, and, before Ku- 
genie could prevent him, < 

Mere Vinceneaii was at home thai 

bsb srJ 
ilMiumor. She at once recoguirea 

She had, as I have already tenurk- 
general antipathy against tie 

■• U hat have you come here for?* 

■be. 
•• We do not wish to disturb yo* 
in the lee -r-nie, whose 

curiosity was now roused. " My 
and 1 merely wish to rest oat' 
selves. Perhaps you COU 
some rmlk. H 

I liave none." 
e Vinceneaa was a tall, spare 



\gacs. 



covered with J ll;u 

for her crabbe 
certainly have com- 

fc However, EugOB 
likened at Ibc 
; ,1 conditi 

t tute, my 
" Can I 
10 you Y' 
'incencau softcnc<i 
icious offer. "Thank 
I. "It is trite we are badly 
jlc tome people have too 
I ob| la nol 
plain. We have one friend. 
ou know him weO — M. I 
[ineer of your milL V. 
cart he has! There is one 
rves the poor! If the rich 
tembkd bin I . . 
. 
ivea husband em ] ' 
-works, and a daughter 
i is in tlic 
is coming now." 

Huge- 
It became -■'till ilarkcr 
ifadcleinc Vmcenea 
iu>c was not merely beautiful : 
i dazzling. Poorly but 
, the c.irae forward with a 
ami grace that inspired as- 

u well as resp 
ilack eye*, her pale, refined 
•r smiling lips, and her whole 
mce, had an air of aristocratic 
ion. 

lat a lovely i 
c's fim thought. Then »■ 
presented itself: 
love* her." She shuddered. 
:>g of displeasure and sadness 
" 1 mm! be in 
i myself without being . 
so jcaloi: 
This doubt was natural, 
determined to solve it. 




re. We cat) to 
sec so clearly what is patsii . 

i our liea;: 
nie begin to 
girl discreetly. She wished to asccr- 
r nature \ 

a '.it!-- 
on (his point Madeleine wai 
innocence itself, and as pood as 
innocent. She continued ill 
hex had 
turn prai 

.!id 
not love bin, " l!ut as 

indifferent to bet ? . . ." 

's thong".:' ft the hoi 

could not get rid of the painful 
suspicion, consequently she 

r a gloomy mood. Albert no- 
ticed it, but refrained 
anything. One unguarded n 
would have < 

effect of i iousschem 

he ■••. 

to his room. " I have dealt my 
I a severe blow," said he to him- 
self—" a blow he ■■ ptci 
from ; for he will nol 

bed 
to, how could ay expla* 

nati'. pi in 

the presence of others. Before ■■ 
an explanation tal I must 

find otfae of compl. 

ruin. ... 1 have begun well, and 
must bring (fan • - • •" 

All ■ the day before 

I.ouis came to see us. Merc Vincc- 
neau told him of the visil 
time after. He suspected there 
some scheme of Albert's at the bot- 
tom of it, and dwelt or. tl M he 
shor. ulations. 
Meanwhile, his enemy Was cent) 
ing .-. new plot destined I him 
reater embarrassment. 



lo IK CuMIIMl'Xb. 



6o6 



tron nit «e\ ■ • • 



Tmk inijxiial form of government 
up in Fiance « 

y slightly 
modified by the di 

tious that have succeeded each other. 
And yet nothing could be more at 
: line with the traditions customs, 
and genius of the n.-,t;on. 'l'lils re- 
gjme i* of foreign origin. It is the 
rccni<:c the conquest of 

Caul bj 'wax. It baa 

jcctcd ns again to a yoke analogous 
i audition wc were in after 
i c The 
i ..-al nature 
has fallen off in the shock of BUM 
tons events, (l a irapoxtaot to re- 
assert a truth that will now be better 
con' The historians of 

the Revolution have endeavored to 
show that the icvol.i move* 

ment of 1789 was purely V:. 
and the 

but the very violence that accompa- 
contrary. Natural 
: . are effected peacefully. 
I 1,: . :.\ I . io far from resisting the 
tot: iid abandoned 

I iclf to it. Nothing shuws so ful- 
ly what an effort was necessary for 
the triumph of the Revolution as 
impossibility of its succeeding by 
regular means and the assent of the 

tntry. J 1 . 

It profited by circu , but 

l does not chanjje the nature of 
its deeds or the character of its 
success. Wc do not deny that 
this pagan and Csesarean trad 

might have found its way into 
Trance with the monarchy, but u it 
certain that, however restrained i : 



The Umpire. 



THE EMPIRE. 



been by Christian prim: ; 

once broke through 

the members of the Con: 

lily belonged to tl 
kT.i.mi. ! •■ .th the al 

teachings of H 
geticalljr sought to apply 
Revolution recalls ancient Gi 

: ithing 
tian about it. What U 

, of the people but the tot 
■.ion d 
despoi Greece? 

iesthatall Frenchmei 
rtg to the same city or Unra. 
This rising en truistt, and the 
that every Frenchman is a 
arc wholly pagan. The legist 
corps — that means the people 
their own laws, only tlv 
proxy. pot 

ercise their sj>ccial prcrogat: 
ancient times, though the pcojk 
only amounted to a fen- th 
voters, they never fully enjoy 
legislative power. 

..!' ibrt- 

shade of democracy »« 

equivalent to an ai jr. Tbc 

1 tors of 1789 only recogni»l 

ivcry »l respett 

to the state, « 

a power strong enough lo 
counterbalance and represent thor 
ten millions of constituents. 

Their proscri] 
conspiracies, gles reaft 

the time 1 :. Itrt 

worthy of notice tli.it in th 

ary documents the heroes d 
Athens and Rome replace Ui 
of tiic calendar. 





The Empire. 



;ly amusing. A re 
gan follows. A I'antht 
to modern divinities, and 
en deified. Catholicism un- 
a persecution unsurpassed by 
ms of the emperors of 
three centuries. It alone is 
1 from the Pantheon. I 
>ire. this imitation a to strik- 
it is impossili: dca it. 

ipolc recalls that of 

ars. l-w civilizal 

revived, new 
re necessary to express the 

1c. Political lanj:: 
ficd. First we have consuls, 
Mines, then a senate, and at 
ror. The scnatus-con- 
pace with the plebis- 
. inccs are 
The judge 
Napoleon's delegates. The 
tion it nt' for- 
:-t French, origin, On 

lei to it. And 
lity corresponds with the ap- 
es: it is the engrafting of 
; power on the sovereignty of 
pit Fur the emperor D 
d the source of his authority. 
ays assumed to be the repre- 
e of the people. Like Au- 
rived the 

iharacter with which he was 
I. The empire h Utse, 

te of titles anil de< 
tO that Of the Lower 
Ml independence was denied 
teste. 'Hie army was tiki 
td after the manner of the 
legion. There were no longer 
il distinction intent 

nposcd of a confused mixture 
iles. The 
even did not belong to their 
knew, in their no- 

m alone they depended. 

d them from one regi- 



ment to another, and from one pi 
to an they 

had mi will of their own. There! 

v for anything, 
v could i 
employed against the nation. It 
represented the di 
meats, and enjoyed the hide] 
natural t 

C*a retained ycndcncc. 

they served at their own cxp 

a sense of duty. 
tration, the bar, and the an: 
the empire dej ^di- 

vidual. Neither I 
municipal corporations, nor right of 
property could withstand i 

in. A universal levelling under 

the name of equality smoothed away 

before ( R hat 

could stand before the fomiii 
blc title of the sovereignty of the 

le ? Ti lis Cscsarean power found 
no e nt in one 01 

; U to an I 
ODC who rivalled 1 
heroes, 
troloftli >n without ceasing 

• Italian, i 

in he was, a cosmopol: 1 
the Ron 
ire of the W 
The French nation was to be 
means of universal eon the 

Gaols in predeces- 

sors, the Casars. Of old 1 1 

rved no vestige. And he carried 
into Italy tits m Frai 

lie extended the Revolution toSp 
There was nothing French in a single 
characteristic □ us. And his 

race have obstinate]) 1 pun 
imperial career WD Opened. 

1 1 :r. nephew, like himself, a mixture 
of astuteness, violence, boundless 
ambition, utopianum, literary tasl 
and fatalism, tenet 
the empire, Louis Napoleon also 
belonged in, Swiss, 

Gorman, I Vmerican— he b 



6o8 



The Empire. 



-thing of them all. He spoke 
all language French, 

anJ his Fn.r.i-h was that cf a refugee. 
an bled an 
{nets. His apart- 
ments were never dear of the 
outlandish people he had become 
■. ith in his wanderings. 
I I a loved to conx'crsc with them, to 
plans. And the* 
• 

as unchanged in his notions, and the 

phenomenon interested them. No 

Frenchman of note consented to 

: him. Prance wax given tip to 

IB of the 
connti] in- erial 

d sheltered t 
overloaded them with favors. 
. became ; ltal- 

iltn- 
a effected by the 
lew, 
into 
an European capital of pleasure- 
the (.ri-i. This 

in was overthrown when, arrived 
of madness, 
■ ting the 
unity Of Italy, mi powerfully I 
Kit a in setting up the new- 

rival to 
ce. He sacrificed France to the 
triumph of the imperial idea in Italy 
1 any. 

i ompletcly 
Its cosmo- 
:.in character is constantly assert- 
ing itself. Louis Napoleon's foreign 
policy was essentially anti- French. 
His Constant desire to effect the 
unity of Italy and that of Germany 
was tlie wish of an alien. Our inte- 
rior i became no less op- 
posed to the national character. 
What is the livil code but the 
systcmatization of principles I 
down in the Digest ? The right of 



the kguatu; 

fanii 

of the central power, there was o 

authority :>y frcetloq 

body was safe from dissolution. 

corporation was allo^ 

slot! ■ 

of the F: iocs not i 

• 
men 

■ 
cd laws that were contradictory i 
impracticable, 
feature of lionap. 

with absolute | 
er. I universal 

and 

ism increased and was strcr., 
It even relied on the o| 
controlling influence! 
senate and the leg 
subservient to the empire, . 
I it The idea of cqu 
liberty constantly held 

the 

Napoleon was charged with 

• 
pcrial govci 
now, by the revelations of ; 

it hisop'i 

. be called pta; 
ands. The 
show; itself in those lil 

were apparently most hostile 
to the government in such a way 
that no one who knows how to read 

lil to perceive it. 
forcible language is concealed 

Lgne 
but which is clearly .. 
opposed to the rights of assetnb 
What enthusiastic liber 





The Empire. 



609 



■ 

was 
ft, whom he 
hoc 

This sally < 
1 laughter, but M. de Per- 
il not laugh. This same 
r thought himself of 
elements that had 1 
tending eye ol 

to place his master 

St the head of the tti 
ucl he transformed I 
into an imperial instiiu. 
cspotism that has weighed 

the re-: 
that otm . have 

one various degra 
but the despotism of a 
founded on the sover- 
thc people is a privilege 
lone hat enjoyed, 
hat 11 

ae, has been known here 
o. Successive governments 
: up in the name of the 
all been ep) 
acknowledge"! 

ming. 1 ip is 

me, 
il has bee 

■ irs and a 
tutorship was establish 
atcd six months or thcrc- 
Onr situation, therefore, 
however, 
e ideal of a 
\apoleon 
of Julius 
ok sides against I 
iks, who were our an- 
"hh ' excited ■ 

iment. The Romans 
ginning were a-. 
: power and anon 

of revolutions that 
lory, we find no 
of government. The 
oi_ xvu. — 39 



con- >rs, and tribunes at 

Rome, and in the provinces the 

Dvcrnors, cxcri 
unlimited power. The emperor wb 
only a perpetual dictator, Roman 
civilization » - op- 

posed to the liber . and 

irous nati id a 

litivc social organization, and 
. under patri islitution 

riant aeknowlcdg 

that tlie barbarians fought foi 

rned the province* 
as, at a later period, the Turks 
I the countries they COI 
iterature h 

try course with brilliant 
sophistry, and er. 
tern. Thcie 

thousands of jurisconsults who de- 
voted their talents to the empire 
the legitimacy of 
: even com- 

11 I often 

spoke of it with a t» 

net forgets tlie fidel- 
ity with which I the 

ners of th as. He y 

cstl'i iient on a pe 

of Thrace whose independent spirit 

rfgihts / 1 
e.x tibidine soliti* — th< • thcif 

kings on! 

ir humor. To us this has no sei 
these peop 
It not alwa; ioe* 

ink that con:i 
these two facts. To obey thro, 
humor or caprice is not to obey at 
all. What is their legal obligation ? 
nine their bar- 
barn-: I 'he barbarous 
n neither a dictator nor consul : 
her. His authority is 
by other heads of 

I lie tribe 

-;, but only after c! the 

the assemblies of the nation. 

••4u.MT.ch.ilri. 



6io 



Tiu livtpir,: 



The people obey when the king has 
received the necessary approval 
the ■ I authorities. Tin i 

government. 
a man who rule, and a nation that 
obeys. This doa 

iroong the barbarians. The king » 
a part of the nation, as a father i 

butes a high 
'ii king and father. but 
not great power. Unity of action, 
in tl 

rence of v, iD I ice i» 

permanent, and the easier because 
nature, through the family tics, soft- 
en* difference ol 
rivalries, and 

Lie authority wh birth 

commands respect Their laws are 
less severe and stringer 
reigns, and society is based on the 
affections and not 00 the mere pre- 
dominance of force. Tacitus would 
be more intelligible if that 

the people only obeyed after giving 
their approval a prms 

which custom .ici- 

ly spcaki . word UbUh might 
her consent or assent. 
i is somewhat obscure. But there 
■thing to authorize a :. 

. sd their king 

Tacitus finds it di ipre« 

i the or^ 

it as of mi 
runt Me judges H 

;i cleat notion only of 
tary rule and passive obedience. In 
of himself, however, he d . 
10 inspire 

lotions from which the liberty ol 

i nationa has sprung. His books 
are for us a tide of honor. Our an- 
igure therein as conquered: 
their features are changed, but not 
unr- le. We love (o find 

proofs that the traditions of liberty 



araati!; the French ncc 
the importation of despotism. 

Despotism came to us 
of rev not satpoat 

■ 

ijnia'ai 
auicnt- 

coma tended e: 

so far from 

f led to it. A:e 
more enlightened than the Gi 
and Romans ? Are our rulers 
versed in art. law. or literature 
the rulers of Athens or Rome ? 
cen so 
ed into the modern mind that era 
the extreme partisans 01 
ive of nothing but <:. 
is of their lh« 
Simon, the worthy successor 
Duruy, dreams of subjecting Fraact 
to the conn >parta 

ion. And hardly any ore 
> oppose him. What » 
of liberty have children rearrJ 
by the state ? 
in the official world, iml. 
Is and the ideas ol 

.-.mi private life, Wc who cannot 
consent to the suppression 
are desirous that < 
should bear the 
fluences. The fun; 

ight ; the assimilation of ehfl- 
I to their | 

gu; 
Family authority i L-i 

e stitf. 
and the multitude of fam 
a sort of counterpci 

ned by a 
will, but develop accord 
various aptitud. 

that the state teaches no doctl 
nc rcpiy that to teach none 
tc.ich some, i 

the source of i; ice, or the 

tem a. Is not 

the doctrine (hat is agitating Ft 



% 



The 



iimont has been copied 
rcan got 
here is to be seen a gi 
r fut. -eive 

dcrs from Paris, and are not 

r .tng them. It is 
enumerate all the public or 
•e offices in order to show 

ts attained to such perfe 
npciial ntpme. The Roman 

n has been surpi 
have the advantage of the 
.ilwa\ 

the power of the state to an 
;e degree. New ideas hare 
to the aid of thi: 
.1 economy declares the 
be the best of ir.v 
rimony of future general 

invested in bonds 
present generation. By suc- 
Ioans, 3ll individual caj 

m into the hands of the state. 
arc or less indirect way, the 
s taken possession of all the 
ie or other funds created 1 >y 
ion* or individual!. Co 
not nominally practj 
he ingenuity of our fiscal sys- 
•nment of 
s, the : soil 

forty 
This is really a kind oi 

round out how 
dorm the Chamber of 1 
a fis ment fasl 

ing, or abo 
taxes, the Chamber of 1 1 

1 especially our recent I 
:orps, have studied how to 

m. All the represcnta- 
! ;ople have looked upon 
mstituents as subject* to be 
nd made use of. The gov- 
t has had more income from 
tcs than it wanted. This 
nmunism has l>ccn ap- 



■■ied in a thousand revolutionary 
lis respect, the repubH- 
from 
the imperial, Whether the deputies 
were chosen by the ballot, by the 
nomination of Pari mmittees, 

or the appointment of the Mini 
of the Interior, the the case 

and the reso been the same. 

IT army is 
entirely Cssserean [hough lc 

1 the whole count fce* 

cognizance of no; 

rial Individual measures 
are repressed by the bureaucracy, 
which is subservi 

is detac'.i 1 lie soil, 

and is influenced only by the hi 
ofproi 

try at 
least enji I: <)id 

vions to 1789. The governn: 
did not interpose in the appointm 
sstcm, 01 1 
wise very dl 

through servility. The empj .-. stl 
retaining a certain semblance 
of the ancient r/gimr, was car 
not to do so where the indepcncK 
of the magistracy was o 
The emperor nominated 
magistrates, and made them remen 
bit- at J ■,.,, did no) 

suit the Restoration, and immovability 
was established. Under Louis Phi 
lippe, tii e magistracy rapidly diminish' 

The more hou 
bound by their oath, and 1 

the royalty of July. Hut the 

Third Empire) by its admini 

ices, effaced the last trace ol 
judiciary independence, and destroyed 
tiic perraanence of the office by the 
prospect of lucrative .. sent. 

Hitherto money had not seemed to 
be the aim of the magistrate. The 
idea of a career to pursue never enter- 
ed his head. The magistrate did 
not have to cam his livelihood, ami 
he belonged to his native v/ 



'ire. 



where, H 

spc< -nc, 

■ the exterior 
independence. The need; and the 

aised the salaries of the 
pirates only to make Ihc office 
accessible to that class of people who 
ready to obey at whatever e 

Immovability was ,'hcu the 

let part of the magistral 

place to another 

the the 

government asked nothing better 

have in each locality itan- 

I magistrates who were Si 

ie people, and only awaited an 

was 

effecting 

judiciary customs. 

.> of the peace, which 

ht to be a 

foe some I 

| de- 
generated. The empire 
by it completely undo 

centralism. Instead of bc- 
Kidcpcndent arbiter of petty 
irels and t. 

red immediate solution because 
they were not »nd 

: a tuit, I 

peai 

. and implicated in politics. 

He had to be cbo a the no- 

tS8 of civl i 

■■■.ill the people, fee* ■ 

done away with, and bis salary made 
.1 to rjjat ■;:! the Judges of the in- 
ir court. The made 

the dignity a igistracy 

did not allow a judge t pcr- 

quisuea. The truth there 

was a very i reason, 

justices i K e, being natives 

y, and already in pos- 
ses? urimony, had no eye to 
the fees. Many ol than had scarce- 



ly any. On an average, the pertp»- 
sites did not amount to roc 

red francs, and woe 
rtotal. A race 

.n or eight hcodrel 
franco ieflt to attract 1 

tally when there m 
no pros]>cct of promotion. '] 
pirc sought to bind the justices of 

office, practically 
ing, ol , for the same 

rcaso : ie ani/t 

judges rem iceskqi 

of the ving Ivcen made a 

'<ccaBK 

ibk to tii ms oragesto 

who only asked to s 
mcr.t. Our judiciary army, as nu- 
merous as our adnv aim}, 
>f agents nominated, 
directly by the state, had. tl 
one course opei. . parent 

• ability no Ion; 
Those who an 

Thou;, 
principles, the l 

deviation, ha* 
. 

Uureoflhc .\ctti 

ig on a pop- 

I isis. We ca . how a 

i be otherwise. Anticnl K 

d I 

1 cr ceased to repeat 

of na 

liberty. We aic not astoi 

from the Rcvolul 

Ie. The Romans 
ted Roman >. iich £ 

u poets 
•.lie maj 
Roman p( 
consisted in obeying the 



II ;»-.- 

coesafc. 



.g recruits, 
on ilic ro ::blic 

enis. price, the 

enjoyed a little tranquillity. 

-ntcworthy tli.it the Fl 

> be the only 

.pub!, liog the world 

pray of lib* slity, fra- 

progress, civilization, com- 
itc. Its disciples still assert 
France is ting to fulfil 

roi- t Louis 

ileon meant when he said that 
x alone contended for ao idea, 
immeasurable pride in thinking 
Ires superior to Other nations 
ad to bow down. It was not 
rtue of o d that 

ndcrtnuk to assume such a 
macy, but, on the contrary, by 
the errors and vices that 
iing up in modern tin 
XVI Ith century, when our 
uperiority was acknowledged 
onlcsttble, no Frenc; 
adv oy pretension to 

other nations, or believed 
nation was destined to pre- 
fers in order to enlighten 
This pretension sprang up in 

the i | item 

roraulgatcd in t 
s of the Revolution. Su] 

i ight had 

■ bly on other 

trope rose in arms to 

olutionary or Cxsarcan m- 

and before the coalition 

been sobered by this cx- 
ice. The rv.'e, brilliant as it 
lias only left us bitter remem- 
es. It remains for us to gov- 
rrselves without any | 
rem others. Our political and 
ty organization ha* suddenly 

Ki pieces. Th J master- 
hich initiation of 

(dictions, order, and dison! 
only a ruin. Lament. 



are heard M left. It is pel 

:1 that, under the pretext of 
equality, all Frenchmen have been 
reduced to equal powerlcssncss. 
:n of gOfl : up 

on every hand to the help of Fi. 
leaders were wanting ; there 
one to direct OverwL the 

first place by number, we ended by 
overcoming that difficulty, and then 
there was a deficiency of organiza- 
tion. Leaderi and discipline are 
not the work of a day. If education 
has not developed indivj :!uy. 

in will you seek for 
natural, and acknowledged 
The spirit of the family alone, by 
forming the tate* 

to a necessary subordination. 
(theism of the state tends to 
root out of every conscience I 
of duty. Mow obey, if wc do not 
comprehend the ol 
dicnec, and if those who rule over us 
do not seem worthy of ruling us? 
is a cetl 1 order. 

; >old first . .In us by n 

mission to Pi and to the 

social order established by Pre 
Imperial and rep 

in : at moulding 
the whole French nation after one 
■ingle type. And when the overrat- 
ing, guiding will was gone, the »; 
iralysed. The Ron 
fire had the same fate. It fell 
both in the cast and vest from 
causes analogous to those that 
preying on us. An able di 
a vas i don, adtni 

Me military traditions, and t'n 
of the people, could not ensure the 
stability of the brilliant communil 
of Rome and Byzantium. The u 

must lead to the tame 
conseqaes si tbk form of 

government ; the supreme power 
constantly at the mercy of elections, 
factions, and violence. Th. 
rean system, whenever it 




The Empire. 



. gives glory, and grandeur, and 
brilliancy to society, but also leads 
to anarchy and incurable weakness. 

Roman civilization was o 
by pastoral nations: in the East 
the Arabs and Turks; in the B 
by the (< irean France 

.1 the OS >ra 

Italy, Austria, and Spain, because, 
already initiated into Cxsariim by 
Roman law, they offered but slight 
resistance. But when it undertook 
.i struggle wi: v, us fortune 

Qgcdj because that country 
many Strong el-:. oscd to 

Gmarifm and the principles of the 
French Revolution. Its esprit de 
familU, its tendency to decentraliza- 
tion, and its official morality, superior 
.re among t; .ccs 

that carry us back to the invasions 
of the fit C«*ar- 

can France has played a great 
part against modem Germany. But 
France is not so thoroughly Cxsar- 
U the Rom.. Its in- 

terests, its customs, ami oris, 

ted with Catholicism, i 
The Itali i 
ness of the Bonaparte* succeeded in 
making us think despotism would 
I to liberty. Our eyes arc pain- 
opened to the imperial r/gime 
modern institutions. 

y thllt our social con- 
dition has approximated to am 

... and reproduced its pri 
pal conditions. The empire did not 
even conceal this imitation. The 
public works plebiscitum 

were the popular side <•■! tiiis regime. 
No i Europe has exper. 

cd anything oonjpi lo 

no other has the go-, ernmani become 
the contractor and general construc- 
tor of all the public works. 

The Rom. :.c presents 

a similar spectacle. The . 
provided fur the amusement of the 
Roman people. They instituted fes- 




tival - erery« 

crcc; 

e ruins c 
itill famous. Trie great mon 

rchics were ex 
to individuals, guilds, a:: 
of the faithful. The stale i! 
interpose. Since 1789, the use 
has erected edifices becaasf it 
iad weal: 
of public v, nly ooe s 

communism. Thou 
Icon had no t me arts, he 

1 passion for building. 
phlegmatic Ca the Romas 

emperors, made it a duty to ararue 
the people. Family gatherings and 
the old festivals authorized by reli- 
gion i. rith his a;; 
Such festivals are, from their rery 
nature. I "hey recall 

plea and sentiments oppose! 
to CjBsarism. But the 
must not escape Cxsar. 
amusements have a 1 ilueutt 

Town. They mu 
mind from all the influences c 
ily, COrpOl 

partake of the vulgar 1 
authorized by the state. It 1 
Cxsar undertook to he pe> 

pic. Who does 

1'aris thcat: town* 

in the wed the 

. constrained by the 
mayors. ( 

books and official addresses, w 
in practice in every 
empire. When the immense baiaa 
of the Universal Exposition wai 
opened, Louis Napoleon invited all 
the sovereigns 

but yielded to his im] 
They held a grudge a. 

itryon. 1 'otthcooif 

mark of superiority he affected «ith 

.1. He ; . 

of the French K 1! 



i opportunity of influencing 
policy. lie was constantly 

acs of Europe by 
uocr.itic pretensions. lie bc- 
bimsclf alone to be legitimate, 
K oilier sovereigns who 
the consecration of universal 
e. Experience has once more 
us that immense power- 

lc foundations, but the 

will be of no use to the BOOtr 

who are ready to recom- 

. Shall it be lost on France ? 

revolutions and various eoufi 

entury have trans- 

l us into a Csesarcan nation. 

r ]>oliticaI elements bear the 

s of this fatal destiny. The 

the magistracy, the administta- 

od the schools arc disciplining 

Then is 

rer but the state. Prop 

ger managed according to the 

r. but I iy those 

legislator. Luxury has increas- 

an ast degree. How 

it has pervaded all classes of 

is the government that 

d us to yield to these new 

K>mi- 

ipeaking, luxury is waste of 

, and an unproductive expendi- 

i'rcr.ch society, founded 

property and the 

neiKC of families an 

d luxuries, superfluities, and 

use. In eves 
i eye to the solid and durable, 
in fact, was the character of 
h industry. The RomtUl Em* 
»as a stranger to '. 
stand here i :uues. Pro- 

sns and confiscations made 
work of them. Nothing must 

I .nifcjjt 

>wer o ndence. Chris. 

>cicty pursued and attained a 
nt object. With us. the 

of confiscations 
ripttons ; it takes can 



Dd are as speedily waste! 
acquired; it rains by periodical 
liquidations families scarcely formed. 
In spite of this, thfl instincts Of nature 

le us to a certain care of our 
rty. Speedily acquired I 

• liv < : . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 u : « :: i;il pin- 

. . 

source of anxiety to the imperial mind. 
They might foster independence! 

upation 
of the empire to lead the whole 
nation into luxurious habits by I 
temptation of pleasures and large 
salaries. The multiplication of ci 
rets is an unmistakable evidence of 
this. Obliged to expend more than 
they j;>iiiied.il. 

cd in servitude. And fron e t'.> 

another the emulation has eaten 
ugfaoul Pram Caesar not only 
■ .. ■. b 

ai amusements at tli-.ii • 
Thus proper t> sod lack- 

nade- 
sed to limit o 
jot's will. All we 
became dependent DO the pul 
credit and the stock and 

had an mien 

of C-csar's rcigo. The whole inte- 
rior policy of the empire was 
based on this principle. The | 
Ittical institution of luxury kept | 
the theatre and literati 
The immorality of Oks 
be readily understood, M< laliiy m 
a nation is solely engendered by 
domestic life. But the family is the 
bile uotn of Cxsarism. I' 
destroying it and assuming its func- 
that Caisati . eded la 

training the people. A man, separa- 
ted from his family and t 
where he ought to live, a>. 
port' on where be 

is only accountable to the state, a 
B people among whom 
he lives, no longer thinks about his 



5i6 



Umpire. 



morality, hut the service lie mutt 
to the wale. How many 
fum inadmissible in one 

juim of uicks frowned 
upon by public opinion, arc sent 
elsewhere without losing the favor 
of the government ! 

■ 
invasion as the old a the 

deluge. Let us admire her patience 
ami courage. We mi ber, 

nsm 
that savi The official work! 

ippcared. What remained 
rather clogged than aided the move- 
repairing our disaster. Our 
. craucc sprang from the people 
not enrolled ban- 

ner. Without ■ gi t, Trance 

has shown her spirit of unity, and 
revealed Utterial re- 

sources. It was DOt only the finpc- 

. but the v. ire, that 

•■ ■ [to the King of 
Prussia at Sedan. In Ac Bane a 
i to Vjc.p. 
after Waterloo, 1 1 

. that onl . ;ll or 

capri' of i ' and who only serv- 
ed ■ 

bilil; 

The ex officio 

porters. In a country like 

rice, these arc always to be found. 

I'roplong, 

. ml Ollivier I v of 

anything 

to palliate ami exi use ev 

Tlv.i . iy counterpoise, the 

imperial govei im< in • 

single will which was intermittent, 

hutting, and a perpetoal source 

of i - to 

: lit)'. 

It has iu laws which control em 
i: is well to repel Invasions . i 

•r to do iu.se. 

Demosthenes replied to the Athen- 
ians who sought news of Philip: 
" Why. of what consequence is it ? 



Should he have perished, you I 

the result of Greek ana.-< 

French Empire, like the | 
n of historic I 
silies produi c of : 

and the applicable 
pics that only find complete develop- 
tnent under an auto< m. is) 

archy, in a proud and powc: 

villi a gin | and a wtr- 

nitlitarj 
Buprcrn I alone va 

able to check th i-rpetual 

war kept up by paga 
the law of nations, 

i epubiic. By the Ketob- 
r,, I' rsitce abandoned this 
ration of 1814 
re-establish:.-! 1 ii 

the i ties were broken. 

Europe hr.d to b< guini 

it us, ami ::ora id 

allknci i Napoleon openrr 

and officially expressed his contempt 
for treaties, With him France tt«l 
nation, atTeciiaj 
an intellectual dictators: 
ludc of war*. War alone, 
1 an impose the will of one nal 
another. I 

maw- 
1848. The 
schools all the aci 
entire press came to the 
Bonapnrtism. The personal cneaiei 
of the 1 were his most 

auxiliaries. He was well aware ol 
this. 1 1 ■ 

. 
— two terms fur e\ 
thing. The •'g*" Bt 

his life only promoted his success 

ing an ol> 
He recogn :, tferir 

justice, Inr he had taken : 
Carbonarism. realized tM 

- at hand, he 
nee to escape the Rcvota- 



at of whicl 
aderatioo. II 
lei loose the press, the 
scret societies, and even the 
He weakened 

in of his .-. 
d the par ii political 

es, frequently changed his 
e« without any reason or pre 
hat the pa 

I that they were all po] 
s way, .in.i under Ci ■ 

he seemed pre] 

movement analogous to that 

ly:. His death then would 

thrown us into a state of 

would probably have 

ht on the same invasion arc 

".■one. He left be- 

hrtn only reflection! cif hi: 

he disappeared from the scene, 

effaced. The regency 

igcnic amounted to about o> 

as the regency of Maria 

n — vain 

iroof that, apart from the impe- 
. there was no it. I] 

. 
! and ail 
wothcr and sister. 
t downfall of the French mon- 
plungcd France once tnOTC 
state of paganism. Out wars 
i the tame 
rter a- and invi 

. nturies of our era. The 
ipire had an insatiable 
to invade Europe. Germany, 
rsidc, has retained a poa 

recalls ancient times, 
rates tn 
y the indirect nays of modem 
ation. rods her 

Her tillers of : 
t» Sclavc provinces of Austria 
he Russian era- Baltic, 

dr aptitude >r, they take 

mass capital, and a 
illing the people that receive 
There is a German party in 



Russia, and this party has a control- 
ling ml'.i or 
1 he Sclavc race, 
more 

less ten less laborious, feels set 

I ry the new settlers. It realizes 
it is the victim of i' : h< 
and beneficent nature. A I 
will soon take place. 1 will 

be forced to take the national cause 
in hand. Russia has not ottered its 
She b 
under foreign ini 
bed t!:e corrupt Christianity of 
Byzantium. It was only under the 
direction of the French philosopl 
the XVIIIth cent' she 

• a part ■ .iTo- 

world r\ftei the wars of the 
Revolution and the empire, our in- 
fluence greatly diminished, and yield- 
ed to German influence. Destitute 
of scientific or literary traditions, 
lit her young men intended 
for offi mtan universities. 

returned with the scicnl 

dose 
of a: d with the secret 

societies, and without any sympathy 
with the tastes and ts of tin- 

nan 

gree . tse anxiety in the Rus- 

ipire. In il ichmeots 

on Austria, Germany did v. 
nith pacific 

by Frederic II du- 

ally. Finally, German emigration 
d our banks, our counting rooms, 
and our railway offices. T 
dency to expansion could i 
restrained or repi hut alli- 

ance with a great nation. Unfortu- 
nately, France affected to be above 
BuropeM law. She pretended to 

\ 
cation. Slie refused, in the name ol 
1 789, to allow that 
there were any legitimate sovcrc 
in Burooe. France, plunged 



6 18 



Tkr Empire. 



Caesarism, found a rival :n Germany, 

which had more ancient Caesarean 

-, and which, less ravaged 

I better organised 

', tack ami defence. It 

i population, 

whereas France, i s rule of 

economists, diminishes every day. 

This alone ought to warn French 

cy of the error into which it has 

;i. The German Confederation, 
the imposing remains of Chr: 
ages, was the safeguard of K. 
by maifliaininga peaceful equilibrium 
in Germany. France and England, 
unwisely governed, allowed the Gcr- 
mai. I ration to be dismembcr- 

- I"he Germanic union un<!cr 
icntly threatening. 
Lord Palmcrston and Loofa Napo- 
leon -■:> who had no correct 
notions of Christianity, could not see 

thing or comprehend i 
It was, however, evident that a pecu- 
liar kind of Casarism was to spring 
from this overturning of Germany. 
A stighl I history and 

the ' ( should have 

Dt to convince Europe 
of (his. The diplomacy which, by 
the treaty of i8;6. arraigned the 
Sovereign Pontiff at its bar, rejoiced 
at the destruction of the Germanic 
Cot ll n, without dreaming that 

a few yean later the Empire of Ger- 
many would consign the once power- 
ful nations of England, France, and 
Russia to the second rank. At the 
moment of this change, it is not 
useless to remark how many deadly 
struggles the Papacy has had with 
Cxsansm. ll the diffusion 

Of Christ' ( laid the 

foundation oi Christian society. 

The political life of the Papacy 

been wholly spent in combating 
Cfcsarism. It struggled against live 
Roman emperors for three centuries, 

then against the heresies of By- 
xantium. In our age, Napoleon ex- 



.! all his arts 
Pius \ 
issue with Lc -tin, and 

tative of Cariar.sm. The conti 

the popes with the emperors of 

y is celebrated. It was 

that preserved human 

throughoi ages. 

many had scued the imperial 

that had fallen from the hands 

the weak successors of Charlemagae, 

In the XII Ith ( ,• sanaa 

rule threatened the whole of l 

Frederic II., more perverse and 

i his namesake of thr 

XVI I Ith century, found 

master of Gen He tnuoipbsd 

legists, and extern! 
the rest of Europe. Innoo 
by issuing the bull of excommuni- 
dcric II. at tk 

man Cassar in his career, 
end to f Italy he •« 

tantly makii ly, under tie 

auspices of the Papacy, displayed* 
long career of municipal lib 
The development of < 

:• as well •enoaay has 

followed the overthrow of the tempo- 
ral power of the Holj liattk 
German 1 \\ always retail 
an iuimcn iority urer the 
French l\ less rcrolo- 
iess at vari- 
ance with il It is not 
impossible that it may combine trilh 
the local and munii mown 
of the country. Prussia is far (nm 
i iolutc centralization, and utflt 
I at she is to 
lie subjected to it. 
ally of the great - CM- 
tincnt. She could ... ialhr« 
all Europe against imperial a»J 
Byzantine France. Let us not <len> 
it: no victory of Louis N 
could have secured the left bank d 



Tht Empire. 



619 



Rhine. The German coal 

. ry soon have drawn the 

of Europe alter it. This snuggle 

ne aj is a necessity of 

.ism. Nothing can check 

Softness of manners, a refined 

izalion. pretended condemn 

ivar, philanthropy bordering on 

industry ami 

ry incapacity of 

. polcon, nor anything else. 

prevented the war from 

out. •• Ri '• war 

bank . Collard. 

•beys its nature. It upheld the 

apartcs in spite of a kind of 

crial order and discipline they 

ed on the people; it require 

D an armed pi 

* were more capable of manag* 
successfully than the republic 

f. Louis Napoleon, with his 
and talent as 
[>cacc that would 
pic him to continue his UtO] 
rrim 

not his own master. He felt 

a revolution at home constitut- 

sr.ly of his obligations; 

.11 abroad — lie 

also determined to effect, th 

. t. He regarded the 
lbs ol s a salutary warn- 

I submitted to his destiny, 
extended revolution to Italy 

: 
•of Austria. Prussia profited by 
c disturbances to un 
Lou; on made a pitiful 

ed against a wall 
shut. The pretext of 
lent on the Spai 
nc was ri ml the 1 

* corps and senate thai 
ced it showed the measure 

r pc . gc and indc- 

' ilt to comprehend by 
>e of what principle or interest 
jppoied tlie choice of a Hohcn- 



zollern. Had he 

hcreditai le? Had he not 

i in overthrowing all the princes 
louse of Bourbon who still 
reigned throw le? Was 

not bit own power based on 
And what did it matter 10 Prance 

whether that ptttfil 

was on one head ra .mother ? 

What gratitude could he expect .. 

■ ■• revolutionary i.osc 

patron or director he constituted 
himself? He took the petty Sub- 
alpine king by : and led 
him to ti e C ■. and t'> the ( 

gresi of Paris, and thence- into all 
the capitals of Italy. His plans 
were unveiled ■hen he forced the 
unhappy Victor to give 

ll cousin. 

> the re:.ult ? It was unfoli 
Did the revolutionary union of the 
souii> I il ' 1 liis union 

could only be effected by the unity 
of ii Napoleon knew it: 

Revolutionary 

Dations arc necessarily at war or 
trustful 1 other, as the n 

luiin I oub of a nation are 

always contending, unli mas- 

ter — no matter whether it is an il 
vidual or a part)' — sum . sup- 

press! 1 

This was the state of the case in 
our Revolution. Is it not a matter 
of 1 riety thai the I 

n excitea and 

in and Italy ? 
o'c aim was 1 
subdue Europe by war, but to effect 
an internal . hangc of government by 
I revolution-. 

teat 
powers against bim. He thought 
would be a revolution in Rus- 
i ii consequence of the emancipa- 
tion of the SCI : tid- 
ed to lb render. He over- 
threw the German Cordi 



620 



Tkt Empire. 



though it was so powerful a guaran- 
tee for the sa f DCC. U was 
he who made William Emperor of 
Germany. I « overthrow of the 
Coi" "» the circumstan- 
ces in which it took place necessarily 
led to tli . as the overthrow 
of ancien led t<> die imperial 
nt that li -i rOI now. Wc 
he astonished at the efforts 
e King of Prussia to re-establish 
polcon. They vrrre accom- 
plices, though 1a >on has 
I taken for the dupe. Not that 
as not conscious of the ilium 
be warded off the flashes of rea- 
son . non sense he had, and 
gave himself up to a hallucina: 
.titatcd him, with the I 
pt fathers of the senate ami the 
'alive corps at its head. Louie 
ilcon contended for an idea, 
•died after his manner, 
the maw uncle. Con- 
quered and made prisoner, he was 
humiliated, not by defeat, which 
does not humiliate the brave, but by 

j'ting his defeat He \ 
the conquers: ^rendered 

sword. Najioleon nas defeated at 
: rloo, but he was not really cast 
n till he found himself on board 
the BtlUrtptwn. Then he rex 
who was victor. The lamenta: 
of St. Helena reveal the liberal ilea- 
lean alio became 
Ltrtbor and a journalist He 
dreamed of returning to France. 
He published at Cased under the 
name of his friend, M. dc GrcCOOrt, 
a brochure designed to influence Ger- 
many in his favor. He hail no 

warmly welem 
by France as Napoleon was when 
he returned from the island of Elba. 
There was no change in France. 
Our social M were 

standing. The republicans had 
• to modify in the 
wonderful machinery of despot 



with 



There was nothing to prerent 
from resuming his place. There 

ration besides, 
ters of i Si. » prerc 

lancy in France 
Was there any lack of jenston 
representatives to welcome 

BOI the popularity of the 
the foundation of the ncphctr't 
cess? That was the s 
Louis Napoleon's accession, 
popu! 
the re 

and proclaimed the I 
olutior.ary power was not « 
te events of 181 
it hecaine an organised 
tern, having its regul 
its jo •. and 

permanent committees varioti 
guised under the form 
pleasure, science, < 
government at v. 

>wer 

cstablishei I ular government 

of France especially — the hereditary 
monarchy — could not take root 
opinion and cnt>a- 
i are like $tag< ny tfest 

rises and falls. 
workings of this machinery ntw 

1848 to 1852. The :i 

not even g trouble 

to hide the workings fi 
nf the public. This reign ofoptaiao 
has continued. The word of co»- 
inand from the taipemr was cchool 
by the ministers, am! n 
the prifets, naysB. 

The entire adi n in all in 

gradations walked in the same (Ml* 
works, lust, 
and illusory pn the mass of 

it they 
refuse nothing 10 a goveromcet 
that was promoting such I 
Universal suffrage ; usctff 

in the comedy — the simple, good-ts- 
turcd Demos of Ai % Is 



i me emper 

■ cir by a 
:r of individuals, who votes at 
•neral election. In tlic Cresar- 
. the cai]>etor alone acts, 
e acts in the name of the |»eo- 
tbe representative of the 
r. lie v.; the voice of the pen- 
Thb muit DOI be lost sight of 
we judge the nets of Louis 
Icon. 

lis btothure, he claims the good- 

if the King of Prussia and 

my, because it was France 

i. -sired the war. He did 

; he was not responsible 

was pleading his own 

ility and the culpability of 

u ! he did no! 
,t Germany ? He did not break 
jatiea of 1S15, 01 
them? H constantly 

ic the policy of his uncle as an 
>Ie to France? He followed 
hout condemning on act or a 
pic. The Jacobinism of his 
'ears was a mere in. 

e brought 
from the island of Elba, and 
iued to cultivate at St. Helena 
in his vol- 
ms compilation concerning the 
t, regarded as serious ! 
uleon de 
national historian," and 
the obsequies of Beran- 
(he national poet." This 

and prose had only 
i) — the co 

That y> . 

embers of the 
ttgr. People of more 
»crc no: overscrupulous, r 
ifnsclvi s a neces* 

C 1S5J. it 
een thought there would be - 
n blow aimed at Belgium or 
any. Was no: Austria attacked 
19 without any reason or prc- 



and, it may be laid, without a 
declaration of war, and in violation 
of all the laws of nations? H 
and where did universal suflh 

eonnteruu ? Where was it 

disco Bullion voters ? 

What Minority did they give their re- 
presentatives? The ire and 
.Us have refused thi the 
right which they enjoyed in 17S9 to 
give directions to those they elect . 

i:n, only 
lie may 
have been acceptable to Ins con- 
tents al the time of the electl 

'or is not fiea in his vote. 
he docs not know his so- 
called deputy, beserepm 
tatives of 1 tet been 
free. No sooner a; ited, 
than they forget their orders 

and only aim at "the glory 
of obcilicncc" to CsBCar, like 
Hon "f Tiberius. 

Fapokon | 1 per- 

1. Con- 
ques 

oihold. S 
hire, and assured perhaps fa 
future career. And 
to be imputed to I 
mutative of the people, he 
only a I 1 in- 

strument of the passioos and sei 
menu of the peoj 
himself. n to 

Hide of his fc 
He . less 

ilar. than I eond ant- 

ed b 

id to • crsonify is > 
•e the republic™ eiemcat. It 

left . I re* 

.rig the throne. It was 
ignera he was over 

1 1 ol 

presiding over new disasters. He 



62 2 



Tlir 






BOrTjr, cilhcT, to see the citjr 
of Pari*, which of late had been con- 
>posed to the empire, and 
<\ under 
beral laws, chastised by Prussia. 
Kit in coup 

it which di i;re the empe- 

ror. 10 deipoi 

easier than at the the 

empire. />r Situation, the Bonaparte 
org. ndon, insinuated that 

Prussia had an interest in allying 
jtscll "i I i Napoleon, in order 
to reconstruct the map of Europe, 
it did i>ot conceal that the 
neutral countries, Belgium and Hol- 
land, were to pay for this reconci- 
liation. In this way, Bonapanism, 
tho-.i rently crushed, showed 

ind fostered its hopes, 
. a sign it »w not morally 
subdued. It was overcome only to 
be rotored. But the French R| 
lie was not in a condition to restore 
it, because it confounded itself with 
it. \ ned if Europe 

.11 or France. Bo- 
naparti.Mii aside, Prance is now a 
real ] 

i She has only been fori;: 
ble since i »8o through the principles 
of< : . lias canied within 

her- >ad by means 

of newspapers, secret societies, 
armies. 

i ; lolland to 

im to France. 

\ apoleon. Would 

'.low it? Prussia already 

lates. France would gain 

Itotiv could not rise G 

to which she ha* 
•.j. The 
thM Carsarism has 
country b not a thing 
lay. Napoleon stated the 
France must sub- 
ject 

}'**» Im boa> 

Thaw two « have been 



y more or less 
I'l-.e Res*.. 

more to France and to Eun 
France, regaining her rank, t 
no one, and sustained herself byl 
noes. She ft-: 
ilutioa of 1830, n srnp 

thy w.-.s with 

titc alliances were broken off. 
various governments, stunned by 1 
ind of the Revolution, stood* 
their guard. The monarchy of JaJy 

'ion mo 
ately abroad, and to direct it 
skill at bone, From 
F.uropc formed a . again* 

! >uring the first ten veal 
Revolution of July, the public i 
was disturbed as to the 
of a great war with Cert: 
liberal party used every effort 
bring it on, without ;son 

order to fulfil one of I 
lions of the revolutionary pro- 
gramme, which is an ar; 
ganda. It was with such views Alt 
the fortifications of Paris were con- 
ceived rs. The equili- 

brium of Eun 

therefore, to ou 1 jury. Toe 

• developed the » 

lent of 
rcc desc. .rthia 

in 1830; she even lost all re: 
decency, by giving herself up to the 
revolutionary current, The 
nt who d 
Ives to the service oi 
Philippe withdr scene. 

re replaced by a crowd of 
nobodies. Assemblies, ministers, awl 
emperor _ entered on such a contra- 
dictory course that one might belie** 
our country had fallen into 
tafe. 

The Mexican war ma. 
aware of our po!/ 

the last remnant of its influence by 
taking a stand apart from Cathoh- 



1:- 1.' 
America 



he war of 1859 set Italy 
t us — a country so la 

es favorable to France. 
:aiuin unity and German 
ned France to a secondary 
Finally, the commercial trea- 
avc nitric us subservient tr> 
nd, "' rig all 

\:i])oleon 
A give up disturbing Eui 

,.:d as the instrument of 
wk, and ended by being the 
. The mi 
es could only produce a i 

Europe men, 

France, under Louis Napo- 

; '1 in revn- 

■•. It does not 

t sagacity, however, 

rccivc that a revolutionary 

could not be in a condition 

tain a conflict with a nation 

'. true to conserv.v 

could be 

all these 

cd elements? How l 

[•end Q bruised rr 

a decadence under the 
ice of anti-social prii 
ited neighboring nations to re- 
e the traditions that bound 
to us. 'I ition they 

•elded to the fear of falling 
a di i| -■ unprini 

ras sci !t was froi 

iof Bona; be inheritor 

alution.i/y traditions, that 
5 the various rcvolu:: 
[814 to 1830 ensanguined all 

1 he republic of 1848, cs> 
:d in the course of ten months, 
;ned il 

parte. He made it 
with Until 1859, he 

ted and felt his way, being fct- 
l)y public sentiment, which was 
conservative and Christian than 
jld have wished. He skilfully 

the honest people around 



him. and, once started, he never 
stopped again. From that fatal peri- 
od, he was no long" :cr: 

>lu- 
tion. It na- 

partes are not satisfied with reigning 
over I rani ej they think they have 
a right to all Europe — a right to 
substitute the sov of the 

i >n they claim secures the com- 
plicity Of all the malcontents. The 
rulers assuredly take note of all this 
f understand that their 
v in Prance is not France itself, 
but the Revolution. 

The German 1 n | ire rekindk 
fears that Louis XIV. inspired and 
.■-. realize. Owing 
to a remnant of feudalism, it is 
founded on a much more sol 
than the Fven was. When 

it attains its utmost limit, there will 
really be 1 r in Eui 

D now, no one would think of 
den;, u ranee. 'I he 

DOC Of power can 

scrv. 

and I No one disputes the 

superiority of Prussia. In order to 

D it, it would ifrl- 

ctcnt to be prcscrv the half* 

century just el t>m the revo- 

Ol that have so lowered 

and Austria. Prussian Matesn 1 
labored energetically to unite ( 
many. By directing the mental 
training in the universities, the secret 
societies, the | ;>lo- 

macy, they have shown a sysl 
and enei 

have enabled statesmen of anotl 
stamp to bewilder and crush the ge- 
nius of France, and bring our nation 
down to the du-t. The Napolc 
Empire was one vast It 

. order to de- 
liver it up to foreigners. By ^Nta^ 



624 



The Empire. 



her the < I effftl rule 

and aim. ;ced her in an 

absurd position, and nil r to 

for the greater glory of 
K&poleoa It may htre be remark- 
ed thai no moo ever made a m 

tb ujc than Nap 
word . which the pagans so 

constant! I their lips. It 

comprehensible to people that lived 
to serve masters who, having all that 
could gr : c and power in 

world, aspired to glory as the su- 
prei: 1: was under 

Napoleon 

and I and obtained 

glory. Their names are imperish- 
able. They are connected with 
Ian memory will 
I to 

reign |y by fulfilling their du- 

ties aa sot Rejecting a di- 

vine authority, and recognizing no 
higher power, they made use of the 

. .trument of ! 
passions. One had a passion for 
conquering Europe, the other for 
g it. And France had 
to ] . ■ drained 

under the First Empire, and 
be i 

in Older tl :iary con- 

ilOUt 

if, coming 1 of 

this work, led to the third invasion — 
the crowning achievement of the 
Third Empire, 

The sole prejudice the Fn m i 
: of the empire is 
our 
This is 
onl> 

Hon. For the Rerolul sbso- 

dunrder. And the aim of 
. 
lution, hut to organite the 
Ret in| i: possible to 

the lind. It proved, there- 

fore, ■.. :.icorapctent to the work 

of reorganizing society. Napoleon 



succeeded republican anarchy, 

I us in it al 
fall, had it not bet 
of liourbon, which saved us 
forcigi i re vol i 

nephew likewise su 
tlier, the 

hastened. And e\ 
that his natural death a I 
ries would have been fallowed 
a triumphant republican rising 
I'aris. He t prcparanta 

for th.it. 1 

ruber, 1870, 1 label 

almost as a matter of course, without 
violent t noise. The tefjmk 

not to oppose an 
Genei 

who would listen to hii 
should only otter mi 
ted demon: 
4th of September. In fact, after 
Wissembourg, there was no in; 

r.u-.t. That government. 
■ 1 e ami 
lit. It oa!f 
rose mon 1 .i-jrcw, 

and speedily sank into it agai 
dreaded nothing more than :. 
that would strcngtl noaa, 

create new influences, a. 

r's persona 

different it . and ■ 

any apparent object. Ii 
way tic did away even '. 
f the 1 
the aiur. rwlieS- 

. . ■ l-S. 

It doubtless seems singu 
tl 
iv, when the g du*a 

anarchy v.. 

govern France. Hut an 
ike only feature of the eui 
n beside- 
. 

order whit 
: deny. M 
things became apparent, the ptopk 



Tht Empiif. 



6y y 



emsclvcs into the emperor 1 * 

■ 
>untry. When all was lost, 
old of tlic first thing that 
ted itself, la oui 
I, the empire and the Napo- 
ire the only memories capable 
pg every eye and directing 
vote M i ^ 
Jvagc obtained] half the 

!. In die 
Ire al- 
iails. Its principles hind 
n order under com 
tvc'i dity, Whj 

»trcd kept up by the Bona* 
■ur- 
lie Bonapartcshavi 
the Bourbons; our \ 
ng lost their power whet 
Bncs ■ Then 

Science between them 
look 

1 to find the connection be- 
The 

M» and the Bonapartes are 
,t is individual and 
They represent two opposite 
By 

the offshoots of the 

le throne-, 
axe a living protestation 

[ revolutions. The Bourl 

I b allied thcmsclvc- 

volutionary p.- 

jwn i icy nevci 

I in gaining tht 

idversi 

i of, protected the 
-I them- 
•urbon, ui 
irnfall at Nap!. 

Thedc 
il Neapolitan king has shown 
f moi ore kingly, 

■fore be firlL The 
by •• 
ha* expressed scntin .. 
vot_ xvii.— 40 



truly worthy of d king, and CODtl 

with ode of the ci<-: 

liberal king who has just lei 
House of Bourbon has been 
by the crucible of re. 

ings and mi* 
ones, it represents the prim 
of right. The Bona; 
true to themselves, '! not 

in their role or in ten- 

sions, and ten hod t» prii 

pics irreconcilable with the peace 
France and rope. The recall 

! i die Bomb nai ' 
cessity. 1 1 will i>c more easily ef- 
fected when the 
which lias baited the l 
broken' down. Th Bui 

been foreseen from the 
ning Of the empire. Loin 
Icon, in throwing the responsibility 

... Idcd to 1 
tion. What could be a mote di 
sivc proof, and what othet could be 
the empire a war? 
No one in France 

mi ready, The libera! party 
tt the budget of 
I ex- 
cuse . 1 ; ail the (Aau 

lerUi advised pea 

that, a prey to the evil genius 01 

rived 

him and for 

oleon made a 
Germany, without looking to sec it 
he was followed, or how he WU 

Our 

artists. 'I illu- 

At no 

: been ready. The military or- 
gonization, weakened by : 

ages, the ( 
disci] 

n by me 
of the public journals and 
aitcd resource 
blc under a system which aff< 






Tht Empire. 



a kind of communism in the 
ad constantly a 

ndcrcd reform iin- 
thc 

jocooo i our 

arm roo.ooo! 

A i. form, in I 

5 required 
years ami ill? Overthrow of all 
modem institutions. * i in)** 
gioe, liturca of 

our I : hundred 

mop isia has 

been half a century in acukvinj 

has 
its gradation of I •_«*. 

■ 
of ii ry institution*, ami fur. 

nisli ;r as well as 

pea' ,i leaden of the 

vitol ichroen — 

e system, 
which is thai 
sports. Leaders who arc ii.i 

tartly wiili.nit authority, 
■ pared foe 
ircvious life. I 
tary organization corresponds to 

il is 
the but 

also a \ i nfgimt, | 

mill" 
. ujon of I rani e. [| 
mixed with Saint-S 
■ 
a of 1789 and 1793. This so- 
cialism that r i the cm- 

the COI1SC: 

live party, and the rv| did 

U weigh one ounce in his favor? 

re-Terse, all the - 
.;y disappeared. And I. 

had do adversaries 
more implacable thi 
wis whom he ted, and who 
ing up for their former servility by 
present abuse. 

ust not weary of meditating 
on these word*: France fights for an 



idea. 

•11, socialism, and (be 
■[' 1 7 So ^1*- 

that cmpci 
that " 
same crooked « 

and foreign intrigues un 

1 1 in his v, b ittaDtc 

ition. H 

ut an . 
twentj irar ia 

It wa if these 

treaties that he ascended the 
He inter). :i» the 

of the K , he aide) 

iwniall of the Boar- 
ain; he oi 
I 
catcd a course to Gregory XVI. Uut 
1 

hund, and refused IVini 

da and anoeat 
allies. tion, he favored 

tiie revoluti I>e it-J 

not set 
revolutionary triumph at Ben 

ded to Pai 
lippc had to wii sore ^iceiiiJy 

; ropagated rev- 
olution isi a iii iiurope 
whole . ;a ks» 

• than 1 
with as 

. 

anil tendency of the Revolul 

They protested in 
land with Louis 

Philip] ivicncy 

igland. 

le the most of 

that ally of the Revolution: through 



The Empire. 



627 



spirit, be sacrit'i. the 

est and I We 

he solilicr of 1789, 

.r usher of the Jacobin club. 

Louis Napol the same 

C. h 'If more pro- 

Me put his ministers, his 

mblie*, his <i our com- 

:e, .-. . Ittstriea at the feet 

nil. And he ccrtainlj 

rant that England would 

:ng or a man. 

he knew that England 

Union mi the Continent. He 

id ltd tO the MTChltBM 

Crimean war and the corn- 
rial treaty. England powerfully 
ipain. it 
. 
while think 
as making use of it. Coming 

ether Engl 
by violating her tradition*, I 
lad and 

ning. 
is possible that, by reje 
pretended II 1 nee, which 

never anything but a lure, Fi. 
Id have been forced to cli is*r k U- 
5 with the Continent, and to 

:h would III rope 

1 great calamities. The sovcr- 
8. tir it in 

I 
rntood the pi 

itained a fii 11 
1 respect to Engl 
irholc pol li n 

'llu- 
v England. The 
rs was the most brillun: 
of that policy. The Restoration 
e successful wars, and 

Ihey were carried on with the 
ent of the powers, and to re- 
the law of nations settled 
he treaties of 1815. Such 



the character of the war with S| 
in tSaj. Peace reigned then am 
all the gl ' intinent, 

IS solely to the House of 
Bourbon it was owing ; that 1. 
overthrown, a spirit of revolt broke 

on all sides, and made thr 
totter, v mce dc- 

I herself 
\et institutions to perpetual 
ouneed her 01 
h. She conquered un- 
der Napoleon only by the ability of 

in.r leader, when 1 

sly defeated each of her 
At length bet armies were 
made up of recruits from every coun- 
try i:» Europe the 
a the same policy 
as ancient Rome. It was an army 
composed of soldiers from all parts 
pe that Napoleon led into 
fi ccd 
Germany. Then, lor the Ei 

and 
by the c 
liini ■! in 1813, 1814, and 1815. 

Louis Napoleon attacked Russia 
tely. He isolated 
owers,but 
nationality bf 
man unity. And it wa- 
Germany that conn-on; 
he inert. : confront the 

i'rus- 
nld have 
1 
■ 
I him. Oar revolutionary I 
dencics v, tron 

The late 1 ive 

weakened the y in 

the 
bich 

, will be Of :■ 

t of 

178- twenty 

!. and, imitat- 
ing the iroperi car. 



628 



The Empire. 



ried it to a degree of perfection 
that left us behind. What remains 
for France and all Europe but to 
agree in re establishing peace by con- 
formity of j>olitical principle* ? And 
in 1S73, .-.s in 1S.15, this peace de- 
is solely on the iccall of the 
House of Boorbon u> France. It is 
•oik that Europe is invited 
if »he does not wish to perpetuate 
a revolution which, after ruining 
France. ■■■ rave one of the 

great po" 

The French Revolution has till 
now been the object of public atten- 
tion. Princes and people have bo- 
red themselves for a century to 
Oppose or sustain is. The inability 

the principles of 1789 to cstai 
anything, and the invasion of 1870, 
have opened the eyes of Fi.incc, and 
better disposed it to make t 
With Europe henceforth, li-.it beside 
the French Revolution, now growing 
powerless, rises a element 

:i:rl» 

European equiUbriam. A policy of 
reservation ought to be 
ted against the Empire of Ger- 
many, not to destroy it, but to guar- 
, the safety of other governments 
by a general alliance and a new law 
■ . 1 . i.ever tic- 

war against Europe again, 
poleon is the last to 1.: 
such a challenge. Personally, there 
was nothing warlike in him : but lie 
resented a system that tends to 
war. To him this war was an am 
ctioil. To divert : 
self by a general war, in order to es- 
for a moment from national 
affairs that perplexed him ! The 
diversion was powerful ; as well blow 
out one's brains to drive away tnnui. 
The mass of the French people 
not participate in the madness 
the Bunaparte system : they BR 
tims as well as Europe Only wc 
e come to that phase of the sys- 



tem which is more par 
initiating to France. Toe 
great allied powers of the > 
nothing more to fear 
France. But this alliance of 
North Is no longeron terras of 

We say great powers I 
is now but one . er— ) 

ny. And she necessarily thi 
Austria and Russia by her 1 

. bet expansive povoi 
through her hardy and labonoat 

that is Ailing the Unite i 
with swarms of colonizers, ex I 
neighboring Scla\ 

I 'titling forth its shows 
even on 1 German pre- 

ponderance will pursue its count 
It is not universal rule, but a prepoe- 
dcrancc that will tend 
a union of ihc secondary poa 
pose it with a stroi:: 13 foece, 

:ny herself will not be n 
in prudence, Her reign will last i» 

: it is sure of only 
uraph. In twenty-five yei 
in ' nee of the 

subjugate Germany. Germany 
then have need of France. 
By a law of Pr" 

to attain theii I 
and almost as speedily begin 
nine. Wc Frenchmen li 
day of power and ; 
die ages. The age of Louis XIV. 
was our era of intellectual superiority 
and political preponderance. Vft 
have come down fron viace; 

there is no denying it < 
its in., 
above 

France, R< itria on 

longer have any influence, bj 
diplomacy and alliance; 

md peopks 
ii.it constituted the German ( 
cration. They are shut out of Ger- 
many. Any pi 



100 



r.tn/'irr. 



629 



ike them a laughing-Si 
• powers, Kn 

■ 

iwdness. Inheritor of Richel 
French Revolution so disturbed 
iany as to overthrow all its 
The German nation has 
ived, and by the concenti 

red a power of 

li'.jucat it was : 

ible of under its former organua- 
tion. The Revolution of 1789 re- 
sulted in the immediate elevation of 
rom the third rank 
rose aim .-. first — a rank she 

Id still Ik:' 
the policy of Pitt and Burke by the 
policy of Lord Palmcrsion and his 
■ ■vers. Louis Napoleon created 
the Empire iny, but Eng- 

land applauded his count. All her 
;i have rejoiced in the humi- 
liation of France that has resulted 

1 it. Those debaters and 1 
chants have advocated the establish- 
ment of an immense military empire 
in the heart of Europe, without por- 
ing that peaceful and industrious 

in- 
fluence. She is destined to decline 
further. Her influence on the 
rpended 011 the old 1m- 
1 power, and 1 
net alliance with Ausl 
In ; betrayed Austria, and 

shamefully disavowed the treaties of 
1815. Austria turned to Russia, or 
; K < Prussia, or to both at once. 
The old kingdoms, the ' 

re breaking in pieces. In 
reality, it is tl 

has been founded, rathei than the 
German Empire restored. Germany 
1 1 . life to 
give her a tunc of mon intel- 

lectual grandeur that render her su- 
perior to Russia and the Li i 

es. There is nothing to disturb 
her but the future, and a future not 



far distant, if the people of Southern 
Burope continue to abandon ill 
selves '.■ try princ : ; 

trefai 601 

■ the 
same effects. What concerns Europe 
is that France will oev< her 

nib of agitator. B 
powerful. It prevails through the 
habits an which concen- 

trate and direct the whole politi 
moral, and mental activj face 

This sturni QVer, the name of N.ipn- 

leon will again disturb the public 
mind, and unite the suffrage. The 
republic of 1870 is draggii 
in the old beaten track of imperial' 
isro. It has merely set up the men 
of 184S or 1830 — old, worn-out func- 
tionaries, whose incapacity has in- 
creased rather than dil It 
is time for a reaction against chili 
prejudices. The motto of the libe- 
ral school h: Revolution and Pro- 
veil to know that a re- 
volution is, etymotogkally spe.il,: 
a turn back. Our liberals cling to 
the days of 17S9. 
they will be a century be:.:: 

France rapidly rose fi 

if 1815 to the Spanish 
1 8*3, and the c a 

fatal revolution arrested its 

and it fell bai k to a state 
bordering on that of 'S9. Louis 
Philippe kept us in subjection eigh- 
teen year was overthrown bj 
the socialism which he restrained, 
but which with a bound returned 
the theories of '93 in the name of 
progress! These sudden relapses 
destroy the social 
Restoration alone 
was ■ ■•. it was the 
regal Ut The Home of 
: iion is able to give race 
to France. It is not the go-. 

party, for it docs not derive its 
title from the popular vote. It ap- 



630 



English Hit*. 



peals to ce and reason 

like .1 lUtonJ law and a national 
cessity. It lias no other anibi: 
but France once moci 

Christian kingdom by ensuring the 



il peace of Europe 
ic law. 
power 

when so strongly intcre 
same cause ? 



ENGLISH DOMESTIC FESTIVITIES. 



1 ', It CAXHOUC. 



M»:i>i.».val England was the 
merriment ami the scene of all 
manner of family festivals and ath- 
letic rejoicings. Heir to the old 
Norse tiaditions of Yulc-tidc. she pre- 
served the spirit >! 

better perhaps than 
those less hardy and more polished 
Unds of the Mediterranean whose 
pleasures were mostly such as could 
be enjoyed from the vantage-point 
of a balcony, and the soft res' 
place of a gilded ottoman. In Eng- 
land, the national pleasures are plea- 
sures of action as well as of sight ; 

even in those specially desi; 
to commemorate the glories of an 
ancient feudal family, the men 
of the family do not recline in 
luxurious case, patronizingly look- 
ing on at the feasts provided to do 
them honor, but mingle with the 
people, share in their games, and 
compete for prizes with the rest. 
This it is that distinguishes English 
festivities from any other, and stamps 
them with an 

the sequel has no little political sig- 
nificance. The sister countries share 
in this attribute of hearty good-fel- 
lowship among classes, and indeed 
what is here said of England may 
be said interchangeably of Scotland 
and belli 

Still, things are not done in our 



day in precisely the same bvss 
and baronial way that was cornw* 
in Tudor times, and a revival of th* 
gencrotis cntcrtainmzat, 

though not infrequent, cannot be 
i oilier than a rarity, iha 
certainly enhances the interest at- 
taching to one of these social relia 
of 'the past; and the great pagtaai 
two years ago at S. Paul's Cathalrti 
London, in thanksgiving for Of 
recovery of the heir to the throne, 
was perhaps the most brilliant u>i 
successful modem attempt to reifr* 
the glories of England's "goldo 
age" ; but. yet, in some me*a«i 
attaches to CO*' 
try felts than 1 .uitaA 

t as the " Thanksgiving ProoS- 
am." 

Then, too, they arc so little to 
beyond the rural neighborhood 
which they oc< 
the ocean they come a 
lations of the inner structun 
political, and domestic — of 1 
mother country, whose lang 
now that of the greater ball 
civilized world. Such a festival fa 
also rendered still more interesting in 
our eyes when it takes place in » 
Catholic family, under Catholic aus- 
pices, and is pervade' 
broad spirit of Catholic get. 
The best days of "men. 




of "Catholic" E 

known as the British — i,, 

and gloom of disposition — is 

ioOjt a graft of the unhappy 

n Rebellion. Unqucstion- 

>ly, die most English domestic fes- 

1. the most characteristic, and 

aptcst to exhil hmen of 

ranks an<l stations in their best 

is a "Coming of Age." J his 

Icbrated on the twenty-first an- 

-rsary of the birth of the hdl 

'o a. large property, an<l is essential- 

. th of the institution of 

Primogeniture. 

In the instance of which we 
! '»c festival took place in I ' 
hem of the largest 

landowner of one of the midland 
counties of England. There was a 
Wge family gathering bid< 
*ll < iinti ■■ ; r'.'I.iir. a of 

all denominations met in perfect 
endship round the board 
ihe Catboli >f their house; 

there were clergymen and govern- 
ment clerks, married sisters with 
large fai i aunts in sufficient- 

juaint costume, young 

. soldiers and 
ih years of service be- 
icir span 
i h generation, from 
ind patches" down 
to that of the nursery of to 

utially and favorably represi 
eel. The boose, a large, roomy Tu- 
dor budding, was still too small to 
accommodate all the gn '. the 

inns of the 
I, had to be pat into re- 
tk>n, When we drove through 
the park on Tuesday evening, 10th 
of thing that 

struck us was seeing moving lights 

nage being . we 

. ere carried by 

E and tbe servants to prevent our 



being shipwrecked opt >pcs 

and pol t, we 

the outline of die immense 
t-. nt ran out from the end v. 
the drawing-room ; and, as we looked 
the preparations, the work really 
seemed as if carried on by fairies, so 
quickly and perfectly was il 

pltshed. The 

ly .; some of the beautiful trees were 
touched with the ts of 

rlet and gold, others si 
and green. At the ea 

race Gardes b a •■ 
stone balustrade, between the ft 
garden and the straight walk leading 
to the old II. dl (a ; .use, 

once the family i. now 

in the groundt as 
ne ornament, and also a 
ient place for school en 
sen- nces, etc-) 

■ there ii always great 
watt k of any kind | 

object for which all was going on gave 
DM such ■ real interest in 
do not think any one I mora 

fully than 1 did into even the id i 
details of preparation.' I 

G , the owner of the li 

the father of the yocnf 
these patriarchal I 

I \V curie blanche about in 

little things, and was so kindly pi 

ed with - 

pic worked with such eagerness and 

good-will. Old Phi 

old carpenter who knows ti 

Her than the farm:. 

I] and Captain \V made fast 

friends in no time. i ,ncc 

tent became in a few days 
pretty — lined with rhite, 

the il<x>r covered with red, in 

s nt the end 

le was placed Lord C— — 's 

bust, and a pier-glass behind it, the 

two : the tent at each side 

being tilled with plants of snrvcgaled 






632 



English Domfiiic Fi-jtivitia. 



foliage. Just oppo si te the entrance 
was hung the large picture c! 
/tie at K^rt Henry when 1 

— came of age (thirty or more 
year* ago) ; and very quaint indeed 
arc the costumes and most charming 

'• bonnets " of 
we were assured 1 1 vere 

all perfect likcnc re were 

andcliers suspended from 

roof! which had a fine effect 
even in daytime, and sofas were 
placed round die walls, so that one 

rould be 

hall 

end 

was th' passage 

ronl <!<»r, all filled with 

li li fun went 00 v 

•II ilieae Ihinci •.-. iced, 

■m! ;iaraiions 

' I" the best part of all. 
i imself 

;, 'iiig 

in;; mi n 

!, lie 
had hitherto been away with In.-. I 
id leave o! 
IK- seemed 

: n.itiir.-.l- 
IjOuI the 
iirhol 

fee ted or unspoilt by being the 
• i of all these rejoicings. \V 
many a you might 1 

shown r : ited, he 

but ..■. ' ■ - tell pos- 

sessed. U ben all the pKp&ra 
were I be more 

It is not too much to 

i i | keeping — no- 

show am 

y refined, and so truly rep- 

■ to our 

the highest praise, |KM> 

was 

and re- 

. of 



rich and poor, sad 
looked which could 
ings of participants. 
different approaches ta 
the banners, placed at 
tances on each side of 
had a beautiful effect, as w< 
larger flags on the house, oo tl 

>D the church-tower ; and 

lors were set off b 

more varied and almost equal] 

:rccs. Ob V. 
i6th October), the festu 
in earnest. The first act was o 

directly after breakfast 
the old Hall to sec die giganttt 
of ai-ycars-old ale opened, at 
in duty b the \ 

Charlie's health. The uni% ersa 
tout in England of brewing a 
quantity of the very best ale th» 

r is bom, and kee| 
toaebe lie day he 

when the cask is broache< 

Uted in prudently roo< 
quantities to the guests a: 
is of very ancic: 
religiously adhered to. Aivothe 
torn is that of planting an oal 
near the house the year, of 
birth, to the 

: iiher. 'l'l 
ping the ale was lik 

memoir of for 
and reminded us of the stori 
a Scott 
The cavernous cellar 
stand the mysterious casl 
grown ruin overhead, the br 
men opening the h 

rustic cup-bean 
the gu a thorough 

time picture. Some of the j 
after liiis ceremony was < 
to go to the first village 

■a description of v 

rs. 1 

states 

■-d to a : 




English Domestic Festivities. 



ntertainment. Ridlington, 
iliea the family with one 
nany titles, was the first to ex- 
lord's hospitality. ." 
feast consisted of an abun- 
of meat, ale, and cakes 
n, women, and children alike, 
james on the village green, 
or simple | icfa as arti- 

f useful clothing, etc. I he 
1 j>ole formed the chief attrac- 
it the men and boys, and of 
was productive of th 
lent, through the harmless acci- 
lo which it inevitably exposes 
ididates for the honors of slic- 
ing. During the r. 
cs wete freely made 
proposed, every one i 
all interesting, through the 
iprocity of feeling evinced 
landlord and tenant. Re- 
home, the host and his 
> prepared to receive their un- 
cd guests, the greater number 
m were to . that even- 

Jilt "prosaic-minded" friend 
terposed a c ha) 
in these words: "When the 
of guests took place about 
lock tint nunc evtaiag, 

ive the feelings of the 
' aunt ' e:. 

dinner, as if one of the pic- 
ad stepped out of its frame to 
such a crowd of Mm 
re almost all to me I" As the 
g-rooms were dismantled in 

ball, then 
ie oal: in, and it 

nfessed it required 
i find scat 

men crowded together. Kng- 
ishion, on 

W acquired the name of 

of the ceren s he 

(one i.i 

the order 
and he was deputed to 
one who to take— I 




puzxling in an assemblage 

he hail i 
fore. The " weight}- " niav.cr 
English precedence in such a ( 

;.mt than anyone 

; and we . on- 

det that such social punetS 
should raise a smile among people 
of simpler though not leas generous 

The dim. 
affair; Indeed, in England, it is ;il 
the downing porti ■ 

imminent, and the test of a 
genuine social success. The table 

•ive 

: plate -■ the < i nt- 

a herd oi bite stag 

ii Lord G ng under 

a spreading oak ; the vases of ell 
cal shape, formerly wine-coo: 
now, mo i re- 

. filled with ferns or plants 
of colored foliage, contrasting v. 
the frosted siher; flowers ami fruit 
in Utopian abundance, and c\ 
vase or dish raised on a stand of 
crimson velvet, in artistic r< . 

inst the delicate white damask 
of the table-cloth— and this, 
course, every day the same. Amo 
the guests we may pause a moment 
to mention a lady of whom a stran- 
ger i ive this I 

riptkm : saying ti 
nicely but quietly di 
soft eye 
and a thoughtful look. S 

nnly the most interesting and 
the c person of the company, 

if the inward history of 
count more than its outward cover- 
ing. Suffice it to say I <>i 
thoM cci- 
f a clergy m. in of 
tin- neighborhood noted for bis bistOJ- 

:esearchesand antiquarian learn- 

\ong 
those whom social tt 
not forbid us to dii 




E*g&Jk Den. 



^m i mw vfl «rf Souse- 

-oouarf the 

• • • 

■••* to m- 

bod. and 

■ • charm. 



two days, and it *ji a blink net 
see her." 

This woman, whose suds] 
is so irresistible, is none the 
generous an>: 

a husband »hose mind had 
way. and whose health was 
than precarious ; it was 
indeed, which was the cause 
short stay in the house 
■f- 

The great charm of this that 

| leasant gathering was 
were no " grand peoj 
ionable people." uo " fast m 
that all were a*'. realj 

everybody seemed pic 
pjr. But our " prosaic 
ally was not satisfied, and enmp 
ed gently of the disappoi 
among so many j .pie. of 

not toeing =1 lc to idealize any mop 
ient romance ; for, she queried, 
■ would it not have thrown a dura 
of poetry over the whole thi: 

truly, although the the" i 
touching and pretty; for, after all, 
the rairest ideal o: ild not 

in a crowd, and the i 
read of in Elizabethan recoi 
more courtly than 
lant than true. Love is an angel, 
not 

One evening, there was a ball for 
the county families, many of whose 
booses were filled with their oan 
of friends, all of whom were 
included in the ii 
rooms looked gay and bi 
lets were respli 

By pictures, s wj!b 

were literally covered, gazed down 
a assemblage almost as bright 
as their own. In the hall 
white stuffed stag, with hoofs aid 
antlers j;ilt, representing 
the family crest. 

breakfast began at the usual boar 
(ten), but f 
o'clock, they gradually stole down, 




English Domestic Festivities. 



635 



and coffee had given 
^ to luncheon. Wednesday 
1 there was tiie servants' I 
y one weal into the targe I 
b made a splendid ball-room, 
dancing was ratha amusis 
b, for it was not the forte of the 
ublagc ; but they all looked very 
y, and tlic dignity of their man- 
to each other was quite C 

Still, we thought it a great 
ic to criticise, Thursday, there 
the feast for other and nearer 
its, Eaton, Barrow, and Cottes- 
, with games before the people 
own. And it was a goodly sight 
I all the tables were peopled ; all 
Jen at dinner, and all the won 

children at tea. I.ord G 's 

h. was drunk first, it was the first 
lion on which he had to speak, 
it utterly overcame him ; for he 
ed to let time when they 

dl been thus assembled to wel- 

1 him to E on his accession 

: title. But the warmth and hear- 
i *ith which his lew words were 
ved must surely have pleased 

Then they drank 
li, 10 which toast the voting 
responded modestly and well. 
r on in the evening, there were 
liful fireworks, which lit up 
e place most gorgeously, 
reworks are n !ty with 

ishtnen, but on this occasion 
real! if to the credit of 

oncerncd. The host has had 
experience in such things in 
, where the merest village can 
e London itself on this head, 
clusters of Chinese lanterns 
ig the trees bordering the drives, 
Bengal lights shooting up in 
illuminations the broken 

of the church tower and the 
Ball. :icr lamps along 

nes of the house itself, and the 
Ition of all in the many little 
the grounds, m 



ilny peculiarly attractive. Every 
'the uttermost 
the 10th of October, the 
11 ike day, far ex- 
ctlUnct. And her 
that wc arc among tho iave 

returned to I Eng- 

land, and have brought ha. If 
original giver of the great free insti- 
tutions ol -the Cariv 
Church — all the gifts of intellect, 
ire, and learning dt. 
from her alienated universities and 
the polished ii rant 
sons. A solemn High Hast, with 
appropriate cede- was 
the first interest that 

.;. not of our 

faith wet 1 lining reverently, 

and as far as they :-au- 

uestiC chapel, 

almost in size a cfal 

that 
streamed through its | 
dows; the shadows of the 

•.. taming to brown and \ 
were thrown fitfully across the \j> 
Cbapi 1 t whose outside walls 

the great tree almost I . of 

lay on the stone 
floor of the memorial chapel, where 
the foundress sleeps; and, as the 
bodsters ; lytes 

moved softly to and fro in the deep 

beautiful con 
to force itself upon tion 

between them and the worshipp 
in the nave, dad in dark, quiet 1 

penes, ami massed together i ; > 

dowy comers— typifying so ■ 

ly the raatful life of to and 

thetoilir.. ■nil to be kept in 

the present. From this, the most 
congcm.-.l and we 

had we turned regret- 

to the new pie •-he day. 

The first event srasvexj tons. 

by great I 
ing no less than th p of 

UOg hero 



636 



English Domestic Festivities. 



•■\c Jilt, Lard C .from the 

All the house!, 
drawn up at one end of the entrance- 
tent. Pooi good Mis. H . the 

housekeeper, whom nearly twenty 
years' service had made a mother to 
the host's children, was quite unable 
to restrain her tears, while behind 
the lar«;e round table, with the ink- 

itood J , the butler, 

fale with the responsibility ol 

coming speech. Ixird C stood 

family and guests 
behu This was the most 

touching scene of all, but none the 
less the most formidable ceremony. 
The presentation was very creditably 
made, and as gracefully acknowledg- 
ed, to the equal satisfaction of all 
parties; and, among the birthday 
gifts, none was so valued by the re- 
cipient. He had grown up among 

■ho had 

known him as a boy had heard 
the tales of bb childhood, and ex- 
perienced the kindness of his man- 
ner, ah longed to 
ugh his interests 
wen ng, too, is one 
of the relics jp. 
pearing from the heattless fabric of 
modem society ; and it is pleasant 
to sec traces of it yet left here and 
there in the ancient baronial house- 
holds of England. 

The concluding festivity was on a 
gigantic scale, and proved the most 

Lcteriitic of any. This was the 
grand ball and supper to the tenants, 
which furnished the local newspapers 
with materials for rapturous descrip- 
..ry "leader* " 
for at leasj a week afterwards. The 
entrance tent was fined with the offi- 
cers of the yeoauu bra 
(scarlet), to the number of eighteen 
or tv d of theii 

1 > whose management much 
had been entrusted, intioduced each 



party: ants as they arrive* 

y five hundred of these 

were soon asseral 

Lord G , his daughters, and 

Rons dancing in turn with all 

prominent of them. The 
opened with a 
formal quai 
fashioned pcrfo 

and heavy are as . 
at home as the « I the supple. 

The ball, however, brilliant as it was, 
was but secondary to the 
which was the crowning-point of the 
week's doings — the ocea 
looked forward to, of pleasant and 

-.peeches, of hearty good-mil, 
and of manifestations of real and sub- 
stantial friendship. To borrow the 

of a weekly of the n< 
hood, the Lincolnshire CMrvnkk: 
"At one o\ per was set 

the marquee, w -fully deco- 

•■ lifted, an 
with the gaily all 

sented a scene which will not soon 
be for ul the 

I . 
manry band played ' The Roast 
Beef of Old England ' as the party 
glided into the tent, and, when all bad 
taken their places, grace was sail 
With the exception ol 
whole and sent to table with gut 
antlers, the whole of the viand 
cold, the / utr* being a 

splendid baron of lieef. The birtb- 
day cake c>< it posi- 

tion at a centre table, anil 

a as a fine peacock in 
full pi.: i e toast 

of the ever i . the beauti- 

ful present of p" 

tenantry was carried in and placed in 
front of the young Lord C , on 

Dcipal table." "IV 

." says a: local paper, 

■' the toup tTeeil, trow the e 

ms of the ycoi 



dresses of the ladies, . with 

of the tent, the 
numerous flags and banners, and 
ibe innumerable chandebers 
with wax candles, presenting a 

rl of 
and his distinguished visitors 
%»erc seated at a long raised tabic 
facing the guests of the evening, 
immediately in froi were two 

other raided tables, upon one of which 
was a baron of beef weighing be- 
tween jo and 40 stone, and a « 
roasted buck. There were also ;i 

j sied 
beef, 17 galantine* of veal, 24 gi 

. 14 large hams, aS tongues, 15 
turkeys, 8 boars* heads, 15 roti 
of beef, 10 legs and 14 shoulders of 
mutton. 72 roast fowls, 54 pheasants, 
. 10 plum- . etc. 

total of 1,000 
The specche- the great 

il the feast, we 
-■ some parts of them, show- 
lose 
till are bet ween 
iUei «f the miiI- 

spcakers were farmers, 
on prosperous and push- 
ing men. Wc take our quotations 

1 the Lincolnshire Chrorth 
■■ Mr. Hcrridge proposed the h( 

of the Karl of G as a noMem 

and a friend . . . The 
noble earl had inherited from 
ancestors that y blood wl 

in through the the 

N b [the family m 

C ). d round tl 

■■>• would see the powan 
.... 1 ■ 

stood Lord C now belong- 1 

the army, and he would e 

n >bleman 
might ov.e day I 

chki eers). Speak- 

ing of 1 he was reminded 

of an anecdote. A friend .. 

ng a drive through the lane* in 






the neighborhood ■ 

me in view of the I and 

said to an old laborer he met on 
road: 'Who lives here, my man?' 

'Lord G . 1.' reply. 'Is 

it an nld family ?' was tin 
quay. 'They came here, sir, before 
the Flood,' was the response (laugh- 
er and cheers)." 

<tti of the old tax 
minds one of the proud 1 
some old Frencli family, thai 
rk of their own at the time 
.1. and woe quite 
* and his ship of re! 

Lord G , iu his earnest reply. 

gracefully alluded in ihe follow 

the long tenure of hind by 
the farmers' ancestors: M T! 

. m gratifying than '-he 
existence of cordial good feeling 
between the occupiers of land and 
their landlords ; and there 1 

■ Idence of tbu riate 

of things than to find, upon reference 

tor. , of 

00 the same estate 

: s — for a longer time, 
per:. a the owners of ihl 

tale themselves (hear, hear). 1 
believe there are many people here 
ve been for ccniu- 
upon this property; and one can 
only hope that the same families, 
from; inochera 

for centuries hereafter, . what 

pened in ] . be 

repeated in years to come, so that, 
by your descendants de- 

scent a long 

hence, the same mutual good feel- 
ing may be evinced and similar oc- 
currences be witnessed as these wc 
celebrate this 

Lord 1) , an car nfthc 

host, proposed the hi the 

nt of the 
Mi.. [rate the best of all, ts 

:.hy of n apt 

I graceful beginning, he said: 



638 



English Domestic Festivities. 



•• I am speaking to tenant-farmers 
ami breeders of stock, and you know 
that, when you look U] ung 

animal, you always inquire aftc.- 
sire— what lie cause from (laughter 
ami cheers) ; and yo-.i rom 

: has be* (re- 

newed cheering). Bui jou know 

what tiic N s are — what their 

stock b (greet cheering). They 
have D this country among 

you and before your eyes for genera- 
tions. You know they arc 

■ love lo live among their own. 
I : spending their money 

among their own people, and sharing 

. to going abroad, . 
many others do, and spending tl 
money away. Unfortunately, it a 
mmon, in speaking of a man, 
v few vices he has, and 
how many virtues ; and many a time 
1 have heard it • ica there 

were no virtues to speak of, ' \\'cll, he 
tired fellow."' He then 
warmly i I his young friend, 

whom he had known •' ever since he 
could crawl," and ended by wishing 
be a worthy " chip of 
the old block." Then, with well-de- 
. he spoke thus of the 
lathi 

>■ this of the father, 
whom I hove known a ittdjr 

for the latt twenty years : that he is 
ol whom it may be truly said, in 
the full meaning of the word, he is a 
'just man ' (i- a), and I hope 

walk in Ins footsteps. 
May all h 

i life, and, when his 
is up, and he is called away 
from tli is wot Id, may he leave a 
mem - of one who 

ti I blessed, and mtj 
he be bao ra to poi rity as 

one his duty to God nnd 

mat 

Mr. Worder — another prini 
tenant, and the orator of his nei 



boihood, a man whose kind he 
ther to his innocent I 
then stood forward on b> 
commi : had rt:. 

subscriptions for the bii 
and 

ly Lord C o*the 

great pleasure . ^uishol 

honor to ask your at nf thb 

plate, which is eontrii tenann 

and friends of : — en 

the occasion of your coming of age, is 

tantial evidence from us of the 

I manner in which we 
the general joy of this d 
the great respect wc enter. 

your noble father and the fami- 
ly of the N . . . I: is gives to 

you, my lord, ju i:-w«re. 

on the threshc 

'ilc life, with the carm 
that you m 

those talents for which so many of 

your i ve been celebrated. 

like them, enjoy the trigh 

;; of a dis i to use them, 

as they have used theirs, foe tie 
greater benefit and advantage of thci 
fellow-creatures." Then making hb 
favorite n, one largely used 

on these occasions as 
priate, he repeated son 
well known lines: 

■* Ktod ■ , ikaa coronet*. 

And simple uithibu Noruiui Mood." 

nill," he went on, ' 

h it past gencrartoBi 
could point to — the bright coronet 

of old N 1 blood to b<> 

and their natural crest of real and 
crowning charity to be thankful RX 
(cheei 

The | ion plate was a beau- 

tiful siivcr e-pergnc, also con 
to candclal »higb, 

and a pair of flo » with rineij 

i stag and a doe 
\ccord- 
i coun- 



tisA Domestic Festivities. 



639 



to the title 
join most sin- 



bbc: y arti- 

were not procured from London, 
froni some local silversmith of 
. Btandiog; for in Eogland ei 
; liic centralize tinct- 

avoided. How much the 
pcrity 01 • '.lie king- 

b thereby increased may be 
at a glance. Mr. Wortlcy COA- 
ld with these words: "It is 
presented with the power of 
S but it comes with the f.u 
ger power of hearts within and 
>ut this gorgeous assemblage — 

;s joining with yours, my Lord 
: may 

ren 

iile 
y with each other in the fcr- 

hopc an le prayer that 

igh life, in whatever clime or 

I nay he 

nruai ra)." 

>rd C made a modest and 

rful acknowledgment in a few 
chosen words, telling his guests 
at a value he shou' set 

ic tcstinv 

e happy hour* lie and they 
permitted to enjoy togct! 
begging them " to take what he 
said for what it was worth." '• I 
at say this by way of any excuse 
rbat Main must be my 

icomingx, but 1 say i: 
Id t- . idf 

jy way loo feebly, or with too 

warmth of feeling." 

r. Thompson (soothe 

oscd the l>: I sisters 

.Old C , and the 

ches of the family. He said 
ly enough : " Expo pro- 

y taught all of us that it is rather 
(fortune that there should be an 

child in a family, and that there 
ry :•■■ in this case a spoiled 

in on one side, and not at ail 
silly parents on 



other." Of course, this produced 

laughter, and the n in 

the MSI 

finally thai he 

only that there would always be an 

heir to the N 1 family, but 

younger branches al 

I C 'a • 

swered quite as well as he had been 
addressed: "I was not 1 to 

k to you on the present occa- 
sion. I wm Battering 
should get through 1 of 

these proceed 

paaa through this ordeal . . . As 
younger branches, we grow out fur- 

D parent 

i'.'.I we ;•: 

among the other trees 1 
conn, owerupw* 

A speaker, wii 

1 is 

and 
who snared these 1 proposed 

"the ladies" in a humorou- 
beyond which ve ke no far- 

ther quotations. " Somebody," he 
: of these fes- 
has said that this 1 
ment had some peculiar features 
it from other enter- 
tainments of 1 nee, 
it is now half past three in the morn- 
ing, instead of about rive or six in 
t ftcrnoon (laughter). It has also 
this peculiar feature, ... 
net confined to a lugubrious class of 
men ED bill '<:, talking nonsense about 
tlie army, n;: 1 volun- 
teers (renewed laughter). Her. 
have a few toast 'it in as 
an interlude in the middle of an 
entertainment of which it may be 
said, ' It ii not gi in to be 
•,' whatever Mr. Spurgeon may 
hive observed to the contr.-.i 

The speaker has since been the 
subject of an ovation fully as demon- 
strative as that in which he tc 



640 



English Domestic Festivities. 




secondary part last October, and wc 

\n to come, 

Can ! Rutland fa the 

mediaeval tec of its princely 

oents. 

mc-madc, 

and a (ktf-d'tanm ol mjly 

isekeepcr. Its weight was 120 

lbs., and it. 1 ? sltucture lour tiers of 

confectionery, displaying medallions 

of the arms and crest of the family ; 

r (besides many smaller 

muting it bearing the 

ie and date of birth of Load 

C . deed, could •] 

ION gratifying feci 
manifested, and nc scries of 

the kindest hospital 
off with man 

iliere 
I m good feelii 
one vying with each other to do ilic 
•st to DMI •■■ I, Not a 

. 

G could have wished, and so 

well deserves it should be. '1 i 

most regretful faces the next 
. the time 

Bcve, 

. 

.1 to us li 

the per:' 11 of u family 

record, may perhaps not be unintcr- 

ng to some descendants of those 

English families, who are as wor- 

. represented on this side of the 

Atlantic as they are in the mother 

count . 

The poetry of the olden time 
not departed from the 

"oil of England ; and, in these 
meetings of true friendship between 
two of 1 | of 

the countiy, we may re.nl ;i pCOl 

1 i union cause being made by 

influence against the 

: aggression of insensate 

com mil the spread of li- 

i>us ideas. In 

n i - i of Old or New 



England, are heartily agreed. But 
kes us even more Li liic 
re here displayed of 
the revived 

quickening the pull ug the 

lives, and hallowing the 
ft new generation of English rata 
Here are the senators, the law 
the soldiers of the future, assembles' 
under the auspices of (be old churca, 
putting intogencrouspract 

iplc hospitality and unquestke- 
:'s bert 
roenb itothe 

customs and the influence 
brought to them bj tine aid 

Wilfrid ; here b the church rcorf 
by the best blood on 

0l Ki; .'■-:, • 
sons, who take their place and rise 
their voice to-day in . in the 

lessne . 'iich a h«nv 

Mrs ago would 
their heads ! The ( 

lid and high posi- 
tion, a soci. .-samt 

by the splendor of her learn- 
ing, and the resources of her matc- 
her monks 
reclaimed from barren ni 

matchless genius, aft .■ been 

turn from her by \ re vir- 

tually holding c to her 

again, and the Gothic e 
crown the abbey demesnes of new 
and wealthy converts arc 1 
practical translation of thai better 

DOSOM 

by the Is and 

universities. In 

in any other land, tiic Christia 

•is nf 
rtn/, Christut if». 
couragement of the futur< 
fidcntlj of the 

past, and say with 1 ue : /» 

fnat, 



about Darwinism. 



641 



MO 



R«£ 



ABOI 



motions in 

i ami Animals tie of the 

t work written by Chariot Dar- 

This author has already gained 

jetty wideqiRsd name by his 

cent (if Man, 

on The Origin of Species. In all 

.\ he advocates the theory of 

one parent and progcnitor.com- 

i to man and to the animal. 

Ian is the offspring of the brute. 

only distinction between them 

ist of * i lop* 

L Man is a monkey perfectly 

doped, i ; process 

her than habit transmitted, 

I ::i the 

me licforc us— The Expressions, 
. 

Darwin merely seeks con- 
Hon i work. How 

we shall 

isoning of the entire volume 
be summed up in the folio- 
gisra: The expressions of 

animals arc, 
he i! tike. 

descend from (he animal ; there- 
man is the offspring of the bi 

[0 admit 

mud differences in the 

is of each. But these he 

y gets over by saying thai in 

eternal expression 
cmo: 

: developed, while in 
laht they arc as yet budding, 

ting. 
K| 
i to account for all differei 

RMMf ui the *ae la out M«r oaab«c 

^'iwoatatinct m.: 

^ ' CVII.— 4 1 



^ it* facuri 
in a long series of years, rises gr.i 
ally to a higher «p« 
having wi ill (bun, cuim 

the conclusion it would be bettei and 
.ible to i two feet. 

Having looked don r a long 

it begins to think it would 
more honorable and decent to as- 
sume an upright posture. And then, 

howling arc by 
means as becomi: peaking 

French, or Italian, or Chinese : 
M r. Orang comes to the conclusion 
that: [lent long enough, 

and that it is time that be, too, should 
hare his say about matters. 

do not say that this is ail 
so many words in I 
lame before us. Ohl.no: Mr. Dan- 
win i do that. Like 
the devil, he sometimes assumes the 
garment of li on an 
appearance oi virtue, lbs words 
arc d 

and humility wd evi 
dene 
class of writers. 1 1 

firm anything ; but I tei- 

>:ontain a negative answer. 
He it He does not tell 

■ >ut he affirms that 
his feelings in the 
same manner as & 

they be ii"; brothers ? 

Wc call attention to this fi It S 

alone can render his H 
ous to youthful or unguarded mill 
Wc think there is little to i 

ivoious arguments will ex 
anything but laughter and ridicule 
among men of solid erudit 

Unfortunately, the ideas embodied 




More about Darwi 






in this book arc the creed of many 

■ : this 

■lone ac- 

ror and widespread 

in'a writings have 

Pirate I I sdonc its 

matters of faith, it !>« 
paved the way to all ad iu 

ely been developed 
ur modem materialists. 
\\ e . posed to deny the 

.1 labor and varied research em* 
irk before us; but, 
we hum ii in has it been our 

lot to witness such shallowness of 
argument, such loose connection be- 
lt 
. the intelligent re 

; aa Mr. Dar- 
win evidently is, could make use of 
a manner <.. ile to 

any I 

i r 

The dmnkard sees things htraing 
topsy-turvy, when in reality i 
Slanrl Mill, OflC rs green 

. . v,.,i behold obji 

i to 

judj; i thin ao ordinj to 

or a ecu 

:n : hl> [ 

key, 
and vite versa. Cakes 

slight resemblances between the two 
as certain proof of his thorny I 
he tftj :"'.', 

ing of the 
miller the influence of extreme 
terror, can hardly be understood 

the belief I once cx- 

. 

The i imunity of 

. as in t'u. 
of the same facial mi ring 

i and by 
monl inrc 

in their 

common prog tutor. Me who 



rinciples that toe 
structure and habits of all anil 

Iftea gradually evolved, will 
look at ti: 
sions ; 

and uiiniii 
ling be art- 
fully :.->gic of hia 
conclusions, howev. artullr 

LCiory. W 
to the monkey, because, forsooth, hu 
les when angry? Oriii: 
:iua x 
brute because I facial roos- 

clcs move during laughta ? tt 
that these ace 
ccs were more 

tiiat man, besid :al soul 

is possessed of a body . 
being material, 

,; tra- 
in fact, man is artr 
nimal. He is composed <rf 
matter 

ject to the same b« 
a.s t'u 

Mr. Darwin h ronclusiots 

I contain., .misc* 

nee he (alb into a grave em* 

in rtL plcj d 

logic ■ 

■ .-.1 and perfci : 

r OC bo4l* 

motions and cx;>rcssionr 
those of oil crefctt 

s have somerc- 
laiion and 

thelowei animals; nay, « 
infer tit imam 

to the bodily or 

much .dwajJ 

Hut then, we ma 
ucs this : ice *x- 

I'ni- it 

organs, or does it perhaps 
show : external action.', 

• Tk. 



ton about Darwinism. 



643 



of the intellect and the 
3cs it extend to all the es- 
il clctnei 
cidcntal, 

ctions ? The answer cannot be 
tful even to the most super 1 
vcr. We ask, therefore, Is this 
iblancc of an csseol '-her 

ecidental, character ? We can 
admit that the latter is the >: 
e is, it is true, a manifold simi- 

; but after ail, even where this 
»t : • il there not a vast 

tpancy ? With the lower ani- 
all is routine — machine-like, ha- 
lt ever the same under sirnilu 
instances, nor can it combine 
s with the cud. In man, these 

exicrii.il actions : 
jc will, and can b 1 or 

at pleasure. 

iw, 1 I larwin say thi 

ly a trifle — that this, too, can 
.quired by the brute after a I 

ience ami a lapse of yean ? 
on and sound philosophy u 
the sensations of brutes are 
tiall; i, and in no- 

contain, reason or intelligence. 
, then, could reason pro- 

of evolution? I! 
be c •hich does not at 

» repeat it: Darwin's conclusion 
•flar to t 

ise, forsooth, both sleep." 
in man and brutes some pat 
irities in mere extern.-;! 
straightway he concludes I 
arc both of the same essence 
part II migbl he 

Mini' ::>n» 

the sun, beca ' 

rtinct is almost entirely left out 
count, and all cx| 
nal ai ed solely 

exercise repeated. 1 



by no mean 

e*a leal to <\o •• 

external . 

seeonnted I 
When in ask, How do children, front 
the very first day of their birth, make 
use of their hands and feet, and 
ploy their mouths in tl way 

win may answer: "This habit, too, 
was transmitted from parent to off- 
spring, and indicates a long series of 
genet ' (p, ,v.i). 

But we ci e how 

;i satisfy eren the .: 
tlons reader. Habit m yi 1 
a certain ex: I by pa- 

rents to theit children ; but gi 

- 

" ten 

1 the act, that is trai 
An h te parent 

ia offspring a •• 1 
vice; but we have DM yet h< 
bom droit] 

r, is this principle appli- 
cable in a general manner 
regard to merely accid 

1 on* 
trary. 
Weak-minded patents often 
1 to most gifted children, 
the coin: 

I parents have children 
nd slow of understand- 

But even granting ti 

of such habits? Arc I tltial 

elements of nature, or merely minor 
and trilling motions ? Mr. Dara 
own example 
firm our . they are 

the latter surt : •' A gentleman of 

I ilc position was found 
his wife to I 

when he Iny fast asleep on 
in bed. c bar- 

1 front of his face up to his fa 



644 



More about Daizvuiisu. 



head, and then drop] ; ith a 

jerk, so that the wrist fell heavily on 
the bridge of his nose. The : 
not occur every night, bat I 

BDl of any 
ascertained cause. Sometimes it was 
re|>eaied incessantly for an hour or 
more. The gentleman's nose was 
prominent, and its bridge often bc- 

.in the I 
received" (p. .-.))■ Hja sir 
licrited this trick. The only differ- 
ence, however, consisted in the son's 
• not being quite so prominent, 
and therefore lets exposed to the 
tricky and mysteriotl 

Now, what does a fact of this sort 
prove? Simply that slight, bodily 
vuch a* the one alleged, can 
be transmitted. 

uguage," he tells us, "has 
>n in a 
and tedious process, completed by 
innumerable steps half consciously 
made" (p. 60). It is some 

using to ;i 
of this process of Inventing 1 
••The sexes," he n; .'.ri- 

tuals call for each other during the 
breeding season, etc. This, indeed, 

I have been the prijnOJ 

use and means of development of 

S4). 

As an example, he alleges the cow 

calling for bee calf, the ewes bleating 

for their lambs (p. 85). This theory 

b at least amusing, if not clear and 

convincing. It only adds another 

specimen of Mr. Darwin's loose 

logic. His .'. can be thus 

presented: There is a resemblance 

between the sound of a cow calling 

bet call and tlie voice of man; 

the former, being mere; lop- 

me.-: am both in 

germ. The one is perfected liy the 
iple of evolution, which has the 
wonderful capacity of trai: 
all sorts of things. 



Thi j making > 

noble gift bestowed upon ma 1 
his I -language, but, ingc- 

. Darwin strives to be in 
assigning the origin of languag 
overlooks two tittle points. Lan- 
guage he confoui mac 
inarticulate sounds. Secondly, be 
forgets that there may be .1 >' 

i of an idea 1 

I, To confound the two would 
be like comparing the tones of a 
■ d by the hand* of 
. to the sai .; lurought 

forth by some monk his 

the instrument. 
We do not know whether Mr, 
win has much of a 
has, even in a very slight degree, « 
think he would soon find a very 
great and specific distinction between 
the production of the 
the jar;; >'• He 

. 

■.ial 
combination and ideas rti8t 

1 the other, they are racx 
unmeaning sounds. So it is «iih 
language. Words express ideas. We 
can use them as wc ■ Mrj, 

even wilfully ( 

true meaning. ^ ex- 

ists, then, between language- 
sounds of animals? If any, it is in 
the sound. Docs this justify the 
conclusion that they are bodi idea- 
tical in germ ; that tike one is a 
vclopmcnt of the other ? 

we say the whistling 
d among 
the howling of the storm, are ii!eo» 

: sounds of nature are no leo 
sounds than those of man and the 
brute; but will any man of sound 
netn? 
Still, Mr. Darwin goes 0*1 
an air of perl 

e, and from the analogy 



aals, I have been Jed to 
progenitors of man 
tcrcd musical tones lie- 
ey had acquired the power of 
spec 87). 

surse, our progenitors here 
other than monkeys. It is 
lit thai 1 1 notion 

iguage is extremely inadequate 
onfused. He must allow us to 
1 his memory a little on the 
:t. A word is an external sign 
:by an internal thought 0) 
ulc known to others, just M 
Of lite. Still, words 
ot expressive of ideas by any 
words are 
adapted to express 
pt Hi' tin: mind 
they may be distorted from 
Ig. They are convention- 
. except so far as they were 
to our first parents by God, 
have been adopted and used by 
M authority, custom, or agree- 
to serve as a medium of 

rein lies one of the specific dif- 
liuinan speech from the 
I of ai 

Is naturally adapted to e 
J. Moreover, their 

tiscn by themselves, 
ted by nature. They cannot 
. 1 hi 
i, and changes bid words at will. 
e, language is defined: '•The 
,l*te V' ■• signi- 

H> by ilie men." 

s arc parts of a ■ rbicbii 

blagc of words 
1 mean something." 
i waive the question 
»er language v 

it ail. 1 .11 doi trine is that it 
no* invented) but was comi 
tly by God to o-.; 
tra and Eve. But 



! by God, Mr. Dai . 

a 
u]) the different- 
1 or language in man and in 
ds a:» folio 
1. In man, language is the expres- 
sion of thought and judgment, while 
the sounds of animals are merely spon- 
taneous and natural utterances, 

a. Language in man is the prodi 
of mason • pi 1 

ccption of the relation of 
jeet and the predicate. nee, 

when 1 say, M 

ire the relation of the attri- 
bute immortality to man. Now, the 
sound of the- n merely exp 

sivc of sonic solitary feeling. 

5. Man directs his words, while the 
brute's sound is ever the same. 
Another instance of Darwin's to 
Hid in tracing the origin of the 
expression of Balk mail, es- 

pecially to children. fling, 

rressed by a protrn 
Of the lips, or, IS ii is called, " mak- 
ing a snout." Now, he « 

trnf ora:; upanzecs 

protrude their lips to an extraordin- 
ary degree, v. con- 
tented, somewhat angry, or sulky " 

(P. J.vll- 

But, lo! what is his conclusion? 
Therefore, he infers, this habit ol 
man was a prima 
"semi-human progenitor*," mho arc, 
of course, no less than the afore 
honorable monkeys. Let us hear his 
words: " If.thcn.our semi-human pro- 
genitors I 1 mi - 
panxec] protruded then lips when 
sulky or a little angCTcd in 1 
manner as do the existing anthropoid 
. it is not an anomalous though 
a curious (ad thai our children should 
cxh: Bected, a 
trace of the same expression" (p. z\\). 
Mr. He u 
tacitly tu infer thai Dttei from 
the animal, because both can m 






646 



More about Danuiiiism. 



" snouts." Of course, even he must 

monkey can make 

a better or si wmt" 

than man. Ami hcr.r , t^e pi 

pie- lution in tiiis cane at least 

would imply retrogression, not pro- 
gress. Hii mude of rea 
strange indee n he finds an 

expression in man, he searches 
whether there « an like it 

. :iig the monkeys or other animal.-.; 
: has discovered even a 
hi ttace,he triumphantly exclaims, 
1 ioId the progenitors of man I He 
doc 1 genitors; they 

arc not the immediate patents, but 
simply grandfathers and grandmo- 
thers. Nor are these progenitors 
quite human ; they an semi- 

human, being about half-way be- 
tween the monkey [ilia.se and that 
of man. Speaking of nan, he says: 
•'The lips are sometimes protruded 
during rage in a manner the mean- 
ing of which 1 1I0 not under 
unless it depends on our descent 
from some apelike animal " (p. 243). 
Mr. Darwin manifests & strange p*r« 
ir the ape-like animals. 
it is no wonder he cannot 
I lamest fai 
ry Catholic child can tell 
He sets aside all revealed truths. 

j lie knows nothing about [he simple 
but sublime in the 

chapter of Genesis. He ignores the 
creative act bringing 1 ; one 

kind, but ,: the living creature b 
kind, cattle, and creeping things, and 
beasts of the earth according to their 
kinds."* To him, this is of no in 
ing. True, the Scripture re 
solemn creation of man as entirely 
distinct from that of animals. " Let 
us make man," God said, "to our 
image, and likeness ; and l.-t 
have dominion over the fishes of the 
sea, and the fowls of the air," etc. 



1 own 
zc : to the iron 
ate ie and female 

ated them." ' 

re, "Gad 
breathed into his [man's] face Ibt 
ah of life, and man became a 
g soul." t 
But what : "tniej, 

when my own private ami infallible 
me to think that Gos 
did not directly breathe into mas 
an intelligent soul — made a I 
town image and likenea 

man n a ived il from the *«t- 

the revolt of reason against Go4 
Like Satan, who was cast froa 
heaven in a moment, when de 
of elevating bis throne to a lerd 
with that ol God, SO man falls aid 
de: when he becomes 

too proud to listen to God's Wort, 
making reason the supreme 
sole criterion of trails and certitude. 

Mr. Darwin seems to adi 
Creator of the universe, but hoM» 
that only one, or ; roe 

were created, Now, we must 
forget, as he certainly does, mat 
the Creator was an infinitely ml 
gent being, and then ><*» 

1 creatioi 
intelligent being n ;••■»» 

end. We call him a fool whJ 
knows not what he is do 
therefore is foolish. Hence, in 1 
ti hi. God destined each creature 
for some end, to accomplish ace- 
tain task. The to* 
ever, give to each creature the neces- 
sary means to end ' 
would be unintelligible thai 
should destine me to walk, n 

me to earn 
my li> I iod by the labor of ray 
tout giving me hands to 
work with. 



•Oct: 



•Gfn 



tCt- 



.this principle, so univc 
ited in nature, 
iCturily explain all exptc 
mals as well ai in man, with- 
; us to have recourse to 
ikey theory so fondly 
by Darwin. 

atnc now to another proof 
by Darwin to establish his 
apc-dcsccnding theory. It 
en from the state of an insane 
i (p. ?jj)- 

ir himself: " 1 
ire tlie reappearance of | 
istincts, a faint e a far 

t past, testifying to a kinship 
outgrown" 
5). These are the words 

cited anil approved by 
late of insanity in 
i pared to the normal state of the 
L Again, he asks, "V 

' i rea- 
ver become so brutal in char- 
as some do, unlefls he has the 

^i 
: silly or chi de of 

lingri. i ly be thought 

. might he say the 
s to its prim 

ipse, a . irking 

rly when the boilers ex] 
>rcad death and consternation 

-of the idiot, He ha 

.■II)' is entirely 
merely out of working 

order. The idiot 

: ant to his natural i 
. then, infer from su 
ion a former kinship ? 
or clock out of order will] 
i itself, work indeed ; not, 

returning to it* normal state, 

. So it is 
lot It was thi 
superfluous for Mr. Darwin to 
■ much time and tabor, and 
l readers so much tr. 



the soke of finding out 

.on- 

. o 

We wonder « 

hodonosor did not i 
It would have so well ilhstrated his 

he, withou I 
permanently an idii led with 

an irresistible pro] to return, 

i would my, to his own 

brethren. 

d .ii -quaintanccs. And 

his < he remained in it 

not loss l . until it 

to restore him to bis 
intelligent and polite brothers. 

We V/OUld Suggest to Mr. Darwin 
light to 
be sociable, and from time to 

let hii 
hair and beard grow until 
com- lot 
could be extended 

of his hands and i 
very well become cla". 
also Thus 

he v. his 

id he could at the 
time enlighten them a little on 
bipedal civilization, espi 

gel to be men them- 
■I therefore should try to do 
to their future rclai 
Darwin may ti 
i nearest allies" (p, 
" The playful sneer or fi 
ir, mail nSVC cent " 

(p. 353) ; or again : "V\ iily 

throj thai oai n 

human progenitors | 
great canine teeth" (p. (53}— he 

■ say all this, and stiii, v. 

would not tike to have himself intro 
duced at the court of London as the 
brother of the long-tailed and w 
known orang-outang, i-y? 

whole n 
would revolt at iuch an i 



64S 



More about Darwinism. 



J and tin the strongest proof, 

per:: i.ilk about 

ami descent is DOn* 
.-.: such .. 
gradation. It protest-; 
Bgai an alliance. It is un- 

• uch a relationship. 

it our 
nature is so tender v. 
all If .! that brothers 

and «i*tcis 3111I relatives lore each 
1 and without effort : th;it 
ir. all n relingof art! 

fellows ? Won, we ask, 
■ so ten- 
ded; ivet, even 
the : ant, forget in this one 
instance alone a relationship at once 

-til 11 01 
. parent ? For we, 
/Mr. I en at 

least of the animal. 

All the materialistic cavils and 
■pet of so-called philoso- 

: on this 
rock — the moral feeling of the dig- 
But we will explain the 1 
of iunacj !• Darwin in a direct 
manner. 

We grant < baa the brutish 

tore vkbin him." We do not 

however, that he has only 

nature and no other. 

Q has a BOO] I I a body. 

regards the nature of the I 

we • I thai Mr. 

It is of the same 
substance as that of hi* dc 
It has, moreover, the same violent 
passion* and dowswai odes; 

. it can e tenches 

111 bet it has — DOtdo the brute 
in -. . of ion. It is, 

moreover, re iame laws 

of climate, food, life, etc. 
v But this ii all we concede. I 
no: 

natural Kate. 
an h 



endowed with no higher nan 

his body. IK: has a soul ll.i; 
— a soul that is entin I 
intelligent, not 

ilicrcforc answer that the stak 
of ii lints shows, indeed, that n 
the brutish nature within him 

is no oilier na- 
ture. Only a little logic worn 
shown Darwin Iusmcs 

embody far more than his premises 
How. It seems plain enough 
that t • truth- is the 

the fullest cxt 1 of human 

itself, an wari ties with 

the nature of mere: Man 

i by the as "1 

5. Thomas aad 
took up ai 
aled 1. m ani- 

i a body like all 
animal*, and a Tend 

to be the form of thi Maaa, 

moreo> .-owe, 

unlike all the other aniruab, hi 
som" -. a separate cxisteaa 

urn, is created immedial 
God, and is essentially spiritual. 

This distinction, il rne i* 

mind bj our monkej 
have aided tin a little, « 

ing tf 
he* j nor would ihey have (bun) 

is plain and intelligible. 

We now proceed to another pno- 
:>ok befat 
us. Dam 

expres as exhibited by mas 

and by the lower 
natc or inherited— that b, hare not 
been learnt by the individual- 

•V every one" (p. 351). 
must ailow us to say that such 
our est;; 
not admitted 1 With 

the exception of 1)1 and a 

few ra , we know 

ever advocated any such pi 



indeed conceded : 

of our cxiircj- 
:tk>ns may be innate o 
, as to the actions 
>ions the:. 

taught by all the schools that 

re performed by instinct and 

and perfected by imitation 

perience. What Mr. I ' 

he ca ■ I 

and inherited is not the 

tendency — but the.,' 

om the father 
no. He illustrates his mean- 
an i-. 
' our pages, which may be 

turi a* on {>. 44 of his 
f anything, this example 
at dogs, and wolves, 
i arc guided by no reason, 
apply the proper means to 
an end. Hut does it follow 
an, too, li. ;1 his ex- 

i nich pri 
? Docs not man 
11 his externa) actions by 
? It is tnie, he may be led 
D cx- 
i, ami only proves the r: 
we go further. The Catholic 
i teaches that the human race 
ended from one common 
in and live. From them the 
human nil 
j, loo, teaches the 

i.rcnt 
only do all men 
i common human patent, ac- 
... hut both anii 
;on parenl 
ly there existed one ani- 
tom which all the rest, men 
:■!. i 

C wc should naturally expert 
> gnaw Id be 

ercin wc are sadly mistaken, 
bole argu 



deavored to show in ;blc 

detail that all the chief expressions 

ro the same throughout the 
worl f, asitaf- 

(bids a new argument in favor of the 

ices being i 
singl nust have 

been almost complete! 
structure, and to a large extent in 
the period at which 
races diverged from each other ' 
361). 

argument . well 

to confirm the doctrine of the 
but we do Dot sec how it wul eati 
lish the ape th< :•• than it 

would to infer that the • 
moon are alike becai both 

Rhine. It is realK to hear 

our author so innoccnti; '.Vc 

may confidently believe that Ian 
tcr, as a sign of pleasant or enjoy- 
:, was practised by our progeni- 
tors long before A . ed to l>e 
called human " (p. 362). 

i! all this ; 
that our poor progenitors had to un- 
dergo a long «na vitiate to become 
led with the habits proper to 
man. Theirs, indeed, must have I 
a tedious process bt hu> 

activity, One thing, however, 
he fa 11 US, It is the period 

d inch a change of the species 
orred. Th and very 

well ; but we know of no fact of 
the kind. Mow Is it tiiat, as long as 
the v ^cy 

became a man, or a tree a p 
We cannot exactly agree with Dar- 
■in, therefore, when he calls the 
"anthropomorphous apes our near- 
est allies anil our early rs" 

(p. 363). We are quite aware of the 
res he gives to thi * in 

his book, on The O 

it may well be COfl nic- 

• writers who 

good car ie of 

the heroic exploits of til m in 



650 



More about Darwinism. 



far distant lands as yet unknown and 

I in ... may write 

J iter volume, without any 

icted of ' 

I castles in dM 

• Darwin. In his Origin of 

. he pretends that the change 

from one species to another is so 

long and gradual that it may com- 

Of years. As a 

• ire, this n ; but as an 

of a most ela- 
borate system, we fail to sec its effi- 
cacy. 

We will now pass to anoilier argu- 
ment. Sneaking of frowning fl- 
ing the eyes, he says : " It seems 
le th.it tlr- shading action 
have become habitual 
until m:m .; i^leiely 

position ; for monkeys do not 
I to a glaring 
light" (p. 363). This phrase can 
be m> r when paraphrased 

by me beyond any doubt, that HMD 
is the oflspring of the monkey, 
the monkey docs not frown or shade 
his eyes, even when exposed to the 
most glaring ligbl 

intj is an i 
ted only to an up- 
right positi ee, too, no 

'. the orang did not 
use of it as long as he was walking 
on ill 1 11 : . and bent down* 

. we must infer that (n 

became a habit, then, only when the 

ape, thinking that he bad walked 
g enough on all fours, and that 
it, without any particular in- 
convenience to himself, dispense with 

iit, and b 
a man. Tin's is the 1 of his 

words. On the s 

lowing conjecture is based : " Our 
early progenitors, when incil 
woaM ii"! i lieads erect until 

they h:\'.\ acquired the ordinary cap 
riagc and upright altitude of man'' 



'P- 3<>3)- I ,s sense is: Aso« 
:s were bi I as »e 

hca.'s erect when angry or i: 

.1 follows, of • 
action was acquired on!. 

Ic use of their hind fee: 
and when the fore paws Lease 
ban I 

Blushing is considered by Dana 
an expression that requires ai 

e's personal defects. Nor, 
n has not been obscr'. 
monkey or Other animal, he of 
infers that it became habiti 

emerged from tid 
monkey phase of existence, we le*| 
came semi-human. 

" But it does not seem | 
these are li — '• that . 

ntal powers had bee* 

developed to an equal or nearly 

degree with those of man. 

would have closely considered afli 

been sensitive about its own pcrsoail 

;rancc" (p. 364). 

Thus far we perfectly agrr 

him. is an act predicibk 

only of an intelligent being. Hcnct; 

it is quite logical to say th.it mi- 

I not possess it, unl 
most ; : as man. 

no means so readily 
his concluv ^refcw, 

. conclude that blushing 

r late period ia lb* 
long line of our descent 

If th tfue, it would likewise 

follow that man ought to becoa* 
more prone to blushing as he ad- 
ices in years. This, ho» 

.,- cast 
v bap- 
Uid innocence Wusb, 
grow daily nic*e 
unblushing. Now, if 
ng were a mere habit ac- 
! and developed by j 
evolution, how does it come to past 
that full-grown men who an 



More alnntt Darwinism. 



65 ■ 



arality lose ih.it blu 
heir 1 

D y experience only 
a talc how the mai- 
aer and 
• when the career ol 

ce entered 

re, then, is the philaso- 

Sarwin's princi; 

quite cm?, lit- tells us, that 

nnot cause .1 blush by any 

.-..-is. It is tin- ) 

(1 " (p. 310) ; 
1 I 

ill being self-r.( -ii- 

■?. 326). 1 Mitin- 

1 lie as- 

as causes of blu or be- 

that self-attention 

I to pcTsoii.il appearance in 
■ was 
:iting cause. Mm 

. . 1 r y ; the lame ef- 
\:ly pcodl 
: of association by 
ntion in relation to mora! 

:"(p-3-'6)- 

. mo- 

i a mere mat!' icttc. 

;;mci, "fre- 

of indelicacy ; 

icy is an affair of cti- 

as we clearly sec with the 

r^o altogether or ne 

easily at acts of this nature, 
1 because they arc breaches 
rmly and wisely established 

(P-33S). 

■, then, it is 1 

ft chastity, ami every sj 
ic an ii the 

1 regulations which 
has agreed upon in its social 
irsc. In other words all vir- 
in what we 

1, llllt 

! we break the la* of God, 
we violate the pi 



of man. Darwin's ten COmmand- 
i, ne think, might well be sum- 
med Up as follows: Fil 
meni: Society is the Lord God of 
1 ; thou shall adon . by 

Italy obi rnal 

regui I etiquette. 2d. 

.11- 11. mi I in . 

by saving that man and society can 
commit any v. bing 

but perfect. 3d. Thou shall keep 
holy the Sabbath ; that is. go to chard) 
on Sundaj and 

etiquette demands it. 4th. Honor 
thy father and thy mother, because 

1 ustomary to do so. 51I1. Thou 
shall no*, be so common a criminal 
as to kill a 111 .11 b) 'iirect physical 
means; but ri 

hold every man to be a rogue an 
knave until he- proves the contrary. 
, especially when 
thou art a i . m, take 

oath, without bein . to 

the truth of thy Statement 6th ami 
9th. Thou shall noi 
Now, as mar: merely an <>r- 

ry contract, that can of coui 
Ived when the partiea mutu- 
ally agTee, go 1 obtain a 

E, and thou canst marry tin- ;. 
of another. As to though: 
the sixth command must 

trouble thy bead too 
about thi y are nature's le- 

gitimate ebullitions. 7th. Thou shall 
not steal in open daylight, but get us 
much as thou can t being 

detected. This v. 

moi 1 Darwin. \ ; . morality 

1 to ctiquettc.it is evident 
that its oblign. 

Finally, we come to an 
in the book on The F.xfro 

IS instance of our foi I 

Mte. At 
tine or other, we arc : I, Wt 

■ possessed of long m 
movable at that, such as ■ 
the mule ami dog. The 



re about Darwinism. 



also, would afford a pretty good spe- 
cimen, its can being long and quite 
flex; 

Hut let us hear iiim : " If out cars 
remained movable, their move- 
ments would bare been highly cx- 
- the ease with all the 
w hich fight with their teeth ; 
infer that our cady 
genitor* thus fought " (p. 365), v. 

.■ not by any 
these movables would be highly 

^ine, for 
Mr. Darwin going through 
the sire k with a 

ars, moving an 

Why, the ' 
il it as a god- 
tend, and the urchins on Broadway 
r it. 
Our intet .:.'» up 

his somewhat lengthy dissertations 

with the infer 

" af- 
confirmatory proof of 
his theory th ■: 

volumes on 
the Descent 9/ Man were intended as 
the corner-atone 01 h 
later work was to Sniah it. The 
grcni . that lie is building a 

the air. He gives no proof 
; in man and animals 1 

1 suppositions, but 
I cause COD 
have seen." he B 
the v of • expres- 

sion ' a . to a certain linked 

extent, the conclusion thai mas 
derived from some lower animal 
form, belief of the 

specific 01 y of the 

(p. 367). 
We BK -mow done with Darwin. 
In penning the volume, ve coi il 

il KM not WtthOUt a feeling of deep 
sadness at so much blindness com- 
bined with no ordinary degree of 
learning and research. Darwin is a 
student of no mean class. His rc- 



npfcsi 



ret« 



search shows that no pains 

spared. His mime: 

monst perfectl] 

home in nam 

up with error, the. 

a great deal both into 

highly ins! 

isted no revet. 

He is a striking 
ten who the 

God, and take reason 

It may not be amiss to siilijees* 
few general principli 1 reftm 

even more fully the . . of the 

author. 

We lay it down a . n pro 

..■r.tuuy 
distinct from intelligence, ^cniatiaa 
is defined: " rtssioo 

it to the 
external agent on M 
I ."♦ 
This external rcceir- 

cd by ij. organs, vuv 

touch. ig, and sight. 

These arc evidently material i 

:ight, figure, extei-.siw. 
. e, number, motion, ai 
The M e o£j*3 

Ion*. 
Now, teresce 

between sensation ai 
Is the 

merely ad 
of the latter ? I 

is no re ice, execfi 

that the one is more .i^n tbf 

ccy, thcr 
. 
man. In 
in its incipient 
it ;- i; nur : and devel 

1 theory be reconciled wiJh 
sophy? We believe not. U 

• Ttntimgi, pan. II. 1. II. e. fal. p. vji- 



about Darwinism. 



653 



:e between scnsa- 

Senswions are external 

produced 

id, but m :ved; 

I llie 

tially 
-.and not merely the rccipi- 
Again, " Sensations arc par- 
ic;s which never leave their 
icrc." * 

t are unirenal 'lute, 

plicablc to all 

u ion doc 
one object from the 01 
Iocs an them. The 

aniard whom we liavc 
quoted illustrates, this by 

i sensation of the 
li.it of the pin! at of 

only 'sc. The 

you attempt to compare 
mi suppose in the mind an 
hich it perceives the diffcr- 

we tl sensation, you 

culty dbtinct from scn.-- 
of comparing sensati 

mt Sen; 
ic external impression re- 
such, it is an isolated 
Ks not compare or j 

for be tri- 

ne, and is common to all 

y size and 
lion or 

a or thought of the 
try ; the 
tation changeable. 

. tg., of the triangle is 
me to the man born i 
him who has sight ; and the 
I is that both, in I 
id geom ' 

r,"| 



From what has been tKu 
it is evident that there I \\ id« 

ing line between the intell 
senss it the one ii in 

contained in the other, and 
by any process lie derived from it 
Darwin is a mere seiisist. He 
demands little of the nature 
/ties of the human soul. 
ignores any essential d be- 

ll i 

-.: dose eoi . between 

two, S. condition of 

the eaten t i the intellect wl 

life. It Mppi 
for the intelligence. It always i 
cedes and accompanies the intellec- 

act. Tl: . wc think 

God . we easily ima; 

as a kind father, etc. 

I 
man intelligence. 
in a mates 
intellect, by its 

it its 
to the conditions inn • 
by this union. But unless 
:ion, wc m 
ace of celestial 

. then, need no I 
an*, no ei 
no I presentation, to 

tiODi 

Hence, it follows that the connection 

ing between sensation . 
ligence is not esenl 

We shall now examine some 

acts of the intellect, to confirm what 

wc have laid. Judgment is one of 

the principal at :; of th It 

1: "The perception and at 

■-tion of the identity or diversity 
of two ideas or propov. 
by comparing them.'** I . in the 
proposition, " Man is mortal,'* the 

I compares the ideas man 



• r*v< 1-in.t. i. 



654 



re about Darwinism. 






and "mortal," and affirms their 
idea m, however, 

on the mind, 
Another feature of 
ham i i is the purpc ■ 

for which a thing is done. The dug 
• that have great til 
.■ to bum os; but close 

■n will easily convince one 
that the brute docs so in » uniform 
manner, and < 
by nam: Man, however, 

down and deliberate*. He : 
poses «>! -• accompi 

ed, and carefully selects the means 
: calculate end. 

He oid- 

ing ti t of the i 

Does any anira ibeitDar* 

datlii ..->•, do an; the 

the end or purpose 
] be inherent in the act itself; thus, 
the ran gives beat and li 
end. . in .v not . nrJal- 

ly out of the nature i 

be freely intended; rii 
chooses ani- 

mals i form them. 

i his 
A proper 
giving to e 
" ; • or, "A composition, and 
arranging things according to tl 
proper place." t Tl 

) be madecitbi i on to (he 

matter, or tieoe, or the object .'. 
do we I Id animals disj 

ing order in their actions ? 

1 Darwin ever seen a monkey 
urging book] in a library in such 
a manner as lo pi arc alongside each 
: those relating to one subject ? 
We doubt it. We conclude this re- 
ining up, in Dan 
words, the principles by which he 
con: 

aeqe-in I. The fine is the pri 
of serviceable associated ha! 



rding to it, we ; 
all those habit 
flions that 

gratification. 'Hie seco 
antithesis— 

offered in our ii «f 

adopt contrary actions an 

pnV 

ciplc of actions due to the constita- 

tion of the ncn iepeaft- 

ently. I the wifl,aaJ 

. 

le is sirafJr 
what is commonly called 
one denies I 

in our 

derive &OB 
it intelligence. The first and secowl 

ii. 1 1 pi ii- : 
amounts to this : i:' all 
thoug 

regulated merel -e vhh 

ate gratifi 

d be no i ■. beaR 

concerned about the 
others. Wc i 

imcntal idea undi 
work. There 

temal expi by bus 

!. These cannot W 
i ucd except on the 
that the formci . a boj 

and slow r 

the latter. This is styled natwal 
"ion. 
There is, we at!:: 
: in the ■ 

irthoat 
limit. I rch reaches. 

il the soul vmnedi' 

ately created by God. =. '!' 
human bo s created 

manner. This latter, hoti 
so e\; lined as the former. 

3, It is a commonlj 

•logians that all the 
species of t 

by God. 4. Thai, 



Grapes and T/iorns. 



655 



imperfect species, such as 
J* and those generate. 

. Seas — 
created only in germ, 01 pete* 



From thi . to see 

how far a Catholic may a. 

the theoi m. Sciei I 

should DOI forget that reason is 

i ion. 







•%■ thi *-.-neo« i»- rni ik>i*s or youkk." 



CHaPTI'.k III. 

"SOWING THE 



e cottage where the G 

was almost the entire inheri- 
i.nl fallen to Miss Pen- 
from those large estates ulm b, 
. should In 

er Irishes were submitted to her 
nuances with a calmness that 
d very like contentment. MO- 

■ 
latiun, and she m: betO 

Ut partly right. Hut it 

I over irrej 
, or even to exert herself very 
to overcome ill iti i-.:! i «, She 
the easy path, and always 
it when I I DOt 

I. She made the best of her 
itttances, therefore, and lived a 
a very dc- 
■■i-n< friend- 
ieir little hour 
y well arranged and 
like i agroeabk 

plenty of outside gaiety. On 
vhole, there seemed to be no 
n why . 

■ rat l- lite p.i her 

IS. 

marriage there >v.is no present 
ect. S. had 

nary adi 
i arc SU] ; 
ew, but had 

cool fricndlii-; which 



tliey ■•. ivi I. The wide open 

eyes. . hud nip. 

ped their lm! 

lushed I 

■ 

,i so man . i firii* 

what little refinei 

feeling nature 

it of othe not one 

true sad lir.ive WOOCT had conic J 

pie bad various explanations to 
give lor this insensibility, some (-.^ 

Uig that the young woman was 
bitioti find one who 

po- 
:: as that once 
Carpenter; others that she had a 
. : .:i for ,i pel gious life ; but 
gave 

not have esplauM i herself. 

She certainly conld not have told 
precisely what she did want, though 
: was quite clear as to what 
Mr. Lawn 
or imaginary lov 
her did not. rdtcr the first 
months, cause her the slightest cm- 
: nt, M it did not inspire her 
. the lea Trie only 

which he was capable was 
himself, and his superficial afiec;. 



Grafts and Thorns. 




were so numerous as to be worthy 
little compassion, however 
they might be slighted. 
Sweel 
i night, tlien, be called rather a 
happy little RCSt 

■ ftukl be prettier than lite 
l by the Owner of 
the house. th< B she had her 

regarding 
importance of thin 
it liavc found the mingling of 
ity and costliness in her fur- 
An upholsterer 
. i have pronounced the differ- 
• nicies in the rooms to be "out 
■ it" keeping" •■■■ other, just as 

he would have criticised a picture 
• artist bad purposely cliglic- 
inferior parts. The deal 
floors wet se for two or t: 

stri; pteting in summer, and 

seal 

hung in straight flut- 

lerfluotn fold, over 

~nd 

ire the Lookr.. ■ . | • clearing 

the floor, were of plain, thin in.: 

.ad had no more 

lux : n brass knobs 

and blue worsted cords to loop them 

r would have 

d the few engravings 00 the 

walls, the candlesticks of pm 

in the shrine before the prie-dUu, 

and the statuette of our 1-ady thai 

! - there, ■ work of art. Inc. 

Pembroke was lav- 

and one poor woman was nearly 
supported by what she received fur 
keeping the draperies snowy white 
and crisp, and wiping away every 
speck of dust from the in 

■l nor brush was al- 
lowed to enter there. 

•' It is such a pleasure to come. 

her. , r Chevrente said one 

day when she came to visit Honora ; 

ng is so pure and fresh." 

•' It is such a pleasure to haw you 



come!" ws 

young woman seated iicr visitor in at 
one blue chintz arm-chair the cla* 
bcr contained, kissed her softly ot 
the check, rcm'.\ -t anl 

shawl, placed a mho 

hand, then, seated lowly beside ixt, 
looked so pretty and so pleased Cut 
it was ig to see her. 

two women were v<- -,i eaca 

, and in their private intcrcourw 
quite like mother ami 

s was one of those sweel 
tions to which the mere be 
gcthcr is delightful, t 
may be nothing of important 
as two Rames united bu:i 
brightly, though no fuel be 
It might have 

the blending of two ham 
spheres; ami ptobably the Met' 
could nut 1* better expressed. The 
sense of satisfying com 

the gentle wai 

heart by 

li withe tie/ 1 

. 

. 
a full and an empty silence, bet 1 
:•. trill 

that betrays shall 

tlked togei 
contentedly about 
small matters, touching now 
then on matters no'. 
And it chanced that I 

ii a direction t 
rnomei Ionora 

her eyes to b 
following out iject, said 

ly: •• Mother, I am u 
Itt men." 
But for the gravity that hail fallen 
on both, Mother Chevreuse would 
have smiled at this naive speech; as 
. she asked quietly : "In what 
, my deal 




»ey seem lo me petty, die ■ 

. of tlicin, and lacking in a fine 

if honor ; lacking courage, too, 

is shocking in a man." 

< ! one swallow make 

mer," said Mother I 

ig lhat slse understood die 

»g of this discouragement. 

roust not believe that all men 

»usc some unworthy ones do." 

is not thai at all," w. 

reply. ■< think i 

nee. I do not. He makes 
I mean the 

■ iioin one would cxj«:t 
ling better; the very 
wem to lament that ■ 

it truer and nobler, ami who 

ludl fi 

suppose none but a most exalt- 

d angelic being could please 

>r win their approval. I have 

11 I have 

it with delight that I would 

:. BO Bfl IO 

.ion, and be worthy 
once, 
c found that they coul<l be 
il and ttcd by v.;. 

and meanest. It is 

. i j sigh. '■ It is 

■ women should wish to 
t men; and I woi ' 

have them loo', m me, 

would be such as 1 tou- 
ii 

as any one been displeasing 
;bcr ChcvTeu5c ■ 
nly into the fair and 

that this genenlizini 
tome 

met hers showed 
least no conscious conceal- 

icsc thoughts have been 

ntervals lor a good 
> Pembroke an> 
f course, pan i' 
Acs awaken tlicin newly. I 
VOL xvu.- 



and 7 



was displease 1 1 ming. I 

a lady and g; 

the country, and 1 did no: like 
to sec them together." 

" Bat why should you caie, my 
dear?" asked Mother ChevreuM, 
with a look of alarm, Jer- 

Itdod perfectly well th.it tha two 

Air. Schouinger an 
Canhusen. 

The young woman I with 

an expression of surprise tha I 

lured her friend : ' mid 

I 001 r this case as well as 

another? lie is a DCW-COD 
all my first impressions of him were 
favorable. I had 
prove a fine chancier ; and 
one more disappointment. Bull a 

• ing too much of die 
she said, with a smile 
tli.it seemed to toss the 
" I really cannot tell why I shi 
have thought su much about 

She bent and gail> i:er 

friend's ban ; but i.ev- 

reuse drew ha close in an embrace 
that seen passion to be striv- 

hcr from She 

Undo .itc well what llonura 

not yet know i thai 
which the Cr the 

m ing when he said: "It is not 
good f< i to be alone," had 

[un to feel itsetl 

■• 1 would try DOt lo think of these 
. 
"Ti and put I 

away. There are good m< 
worl 

•d of tha' 
while to tool? about in i ime 

one to honor. Think of God, 
pray to him with more fervor than 
ever. A prayer to youi 

>ing 

. 

/or, 

;;d the sick, and, 

above all, do not fancy that it is 



6s8 



Grapes and Thorns. 



going to make you happy though 
v«u should be acquainted with the 
finest ir.cn, or win ever so much their 
esteem. It raving for, 

eve i iag would win it. No- 

i is worth working for 
but bread and heaven." 

e looked a li: tic dis- 
ci. She had expected sym- 
pathy and reinsurance, ami had re- 
: stead a warDBl 'I 

do boi think me bo) 
on such a subject," she laid, 
dropping her eyes ; and then M 
1 ise knew that she had better 

ha-. 

she answered, 
Do yuu think I fear 
vou arc going to lecture on woman's 
a ?" 

1 so the little i Bed 

over; and, when l.r visitor went 
away, Honors had quite d 
the subject from her mind. There 
were her simple household duties to 
•rm; then Lawrcn home 

to take an early luncheon and d 
to go to Annette 1'errier's, where 

• was to be a musical ri 
and, as soon as lunch ■ arho 

should come in but F. Chcvreuse ! 
I hod a mind to escape 

but the priest greeted him so 
i.illy, pointing to lose 

beside hi-, own, that It would have 
been rude to go. And having 01 

that a careless 

Catholic naturally feels in the pre- 

ICC of a clergyman, he (bund it 

agreeable to remain; for nobody 

l-lcasanter company than R 

Chevrcusc. 

••I beg unblushingly," he own::. I 
with portS , when they 

inquired how nil collecting pros- 
To-day, I atlced Dan Me> 
for a hundred dollars, and got 
it Re it inked astonished, and so 
does Miss Hortora ; but he showed no 
■• At first blush, it may 



ssem strange that I 
money that comes from g» 

Dan is almost an outlaw; no 
person likes to speak Ii 

has got to look on society and 
ligion as utterly a: , to 

He is on the other side of the I 
and the only feeling he lias 
ceney I and de 

■ i:i mocking, and 
thai hedcn what 

But it a 

and his very defiance shows that In 
does care. It i thai tt 

day Dan would U* kj 

> co to work is* 
poor man, if he • treated a«»l 

respectable one. He is prowl of mj j 
ng spoken to him, ami takes I 
igh I dare say he | 
pretend to sneer and laugh a' 
You may depend he will tcii • 

he will feel that he 

to the church. Before 
had not, or at least people wosH 
have said he had not, ami ««iM 
if he had cone 
Now, if he should c 
Sunday, and march up 
teat, nobody could 
they should, he would have 
of the argument, and he knows tb»l 
i hurch, we hne 
a chance to influence him, and kt 
a chance to win respectability. Ht 
isn't one to be . lodteA 

to be clumsily coaxed, 
to assu he wishes to <l 

then act as if he had 
never will let 

He will hold on to that if he 
have to let everything else 

saw him look oi to meet rw. 

that he wasn't lost. W 

, there's hope. So 

Dan McCabe. Am I not right, 
Larry ?" 



s and Thorns. 



659 



up F. 
ii had f;il': 
doing escaped the at 
iswcring. One glance 1 

k eyes read hi* embarrass- 
iw the deepening color in 
ra's face. 
■ 

ly, with 

nor in hei " Perhaps 

er have been so bad 

mufi " been 

toward hit early fauhs. And 

joes on succcss- 

I am so glai 

i priest, who perceived that he 

rithout meaning it. stirred deep 

i-.ned the former • 

my aftaii 

g op. But flu time 

they were dark enough. 1 
been anxious about Mr, 

tge. He is not so friend- 
is, or else he needs 
• ould grant no 
ion. Well, 1 1 

loOar I could get, ami I 
that, before next wei 
i't hop- to .bovc one 

o hundreds in . and 

not amount to more 
two thousand due. So 
;e off to a friend ia New York 
might help me, and 
y mo ing to all the 

for my success. For me, I 
know what came over me. 
ps I was tire*!, or nervoti 

At all events, when the 
came for me to receive an 
r to my letter, all my con 
I v. med of n»] 

i't help me. White 
was gone to the post-office, I 
do nothing but walk to 

hake at every sound, 

- bad:, l 
low half an hour. I •/■ 



when he went. In ten minutes I 
Was weak, in fifteen minutes I was 
silly, la twenty minutes I was a fool. 

' I 1. ■ : here in the house for 

him,' I said ; ' 111 take to the sanc- 
tuary, nod, whatever comes to me 

re, it can't kill mr.' So I 
word for Andy to bring my lettr; 
the Church, and lay them down on 
the altar steps, and go away again 
without speaking a word ; and out I 
went, and knelt down by the altar. 
like an urchin who c.itche* hold of 

gown when somebody 
says bo! to him. By-and h 
heard Andy coming, I knew the 
squeak of his boot', and the doi 
way he has of putting his feet down — 
first the heel, then the toe, maku 
sound as though he were a quadru- 
ped. Never had he walked so slow- 
ly, yet never had I so dreaded 

coming. I counted the stairs as he 
. up, and found out that there were 
fifteen. For some reason. I Ii 
the number; perhaps 
the n in the rosary. 

I promised in that instant 

brought me goo 

ib thuse stairs on my knees, 1 
a decade on every stair in 
thanksgiving. Then 1 put my hand 
ovei 1 and waited, 1 1 lum- 

inttng for breath, laid 

something down before me, and 

irent out again. I counted the fif- 

steps till he was at the bottom 

of them, then snati 

and broke the seal; and there was 

my thousand dollars I When I 

the draft, I involuntarily j.impcd up. 

ruld tling it, and . n to 

me « -'i that it will never 

over. But, my bo;.." 

in£ quickly, and laving his I 

rreacc Gerald's knee, •■ thai j 
hat may never be 1 rone 

v !" 
Lawrence had been listening in- 



■/:: 



Crafirs and Thorns. 




i natching the sp 

ice; and. udden 

blushed. Alas for him ! his hat had 
more than once been in 
cause little to his credit 

Chcv- 
icuie, with uiu:ii],!.. .-. c at 

home in my strong desk two thou- 
sind d y fifty, and 

the fif; . pockcL 

lain sailing. There will be no 
other pay- 
" 
The lad.- 

In ■. the interests 

of the vera fell to be the in- 

of the |>coj)le. Making bin* 
i n Intimately ■• 

l no more 
> reasonably give; and 

licy, > hard and disjnl 

labors, grieved that tlicy could 
so little. 

utlv, and perhaps nnt with- 
oke 

dentally of bosinc cx- 

pre iiiniir.itioii 

of the three, at least, tie- 
s}iucd. 

:c is not only dignity but 
poetry in almost an* kind of busi- 
ness," he said; ■ and the 
not consist simply in earning an hon- 
est • cad of being a si 
less idler. There is something fine 
: ships to foreign lands, and 
I produce home ; in set- 
|f to change one article 
iihI in gathering grain- 
fields into gamers. 1 can easily un- 
derstand I losing to do busi- 
ness when there is no necc 
it, 1 have just come : 

down town, where 1 was aston- 
i i hat sugar is something 

•shat you sweeten vow tea 
in sample 

DM the counter, Imni the : 

■ 




amber-color, as white sad 

glittering as hoar 

were syrups, gold-colored, criima. 
ami game 

1 rcuxo- 
bcrcd Keats' 

• Lucent »rtep», i««ct wish clnmevn.' 

They ask, 

I I 
solved rubies a . 
not I as well as Cleop 

te 1 would xxv, 
how do you suppo rsccxd 

this repast to me ? .tew a 

saucer, a stick 

The G took on ka! 

imib a delicate white porcdaa 
palette, 

colors on I roses, he! 

imJ, lifting 
by one with his right h 
fall on it a sin; 

>f deep < 
white. When I saw that, the sugv 
took rank at once be 

If 1 were in the W 
would pr the 

and the honor of it, to be a rnccuuue 
or a ii in any pro- 

ii." 
Wh riest had gone. Lav- 

rencc Gerald went soberly u; 
chamber, ih , as he wci 

possibly an ordinary, . 

influence e I . diet* 

lure lifted for a time, if it did 

: ut' west T.OTieO* 

tarily the heavy fo| i settle 

as soon as the breath dies. For 
oncbi liseased s 

e thrusting their stroi 
gles through the vague and 
dreams that had usurped his bat 
On tl hey show 

I rocks that had been deceit- 
treilcd by suniightcd spray; 




Grapes and Thorns. 



«5t 



nJitr, like a calm and secure 
at had 
J to be a datk and ■ 

iandkcrcbief-bo] 

:ts-, re- 

:a ihc 

sr linen, curling incon- 

ily ai sight of a li 

one that 
. ! of fold like :i . 

:lor of attar Ol 
d out of the box, so ! . 
perceptible only to a delicate 
e cm- 
id the glove-box he opened 
and the young man shov. 
fastr : 

:i man. this 
excuse 

be found fur ;: One Coll- 

ated the exqui 
ereon shot 

; that only delicate linen and 
:loth a I'.hc a form BO 

ing harsh 
I 

tnd delicacy ha>! 
careful ai >h fostciiiig. 

can tell? Physical be- 
frail plant, and need 

re and fresh- 
portion 
e iminort i bears. 

cannot Sou 
wouldn't 

t was well establ he mut« 

folly arranging one lock 

ly over his tem- 

I i.. 
intake when they htncj 
rant, and th 

lor. 1 do not like them. I'.nt 
like.".: 

■ , and 
anil 

at he said was in some measure 
' pit] 



•'le good : ty at 

least, Ik? grati it an extra va- 

ssa- 

He glanced about the room, 
frowned with disgust. The cei 

low, the i the walls a 

cheap mid therefore an ugly pat- 

• 

I 
blind i ' mosi hideous and ! 
of draper! lows, 

and 

■ • 
have 

frttt ■■ of n 
it, held a few book 

The young man thru 

I it, the drat: 

in the entry. : 
the shaded front i 
with its cool blue and 
it- . lugh 

a chink in the shatter, and 

nig before the m a 
Madonna, 

" That is what I like," he thought 
and ; innette « 

be w j 

thoughts : 
F. Chevreose lasted only 

Ireet was i With 

the fust rtep into South Avenue, and 
Ihc fit wperblei 

othei 

■I he 
■ 
mi's new conservatory 
almost as lar whole of the 

house he lived in, '1 1 
of wealth caught him once more, and 

the thought 01 

Miss Ferrier was it m the 

brightening with joyful 



66z 



Grafts and T/urKS. 



weicome, came out to the porch to 
meet bcr visitor as he entered the 
gate. He had so many times 
gotten her invitations 

::lt lure of him, and the plea 
rise of his coming made her look 
alov Her biue-g; 

jho: 

.ed to strike up 
through her exceSBU led flaxen 

If it had only been Honors! 
., he met her kin 
rig .1 IPO for her. 

'• l'oor gil I vj food of i . 

be thought < ally, fceliu 

to be his due, even ui .lied 

her. " But I wish she wouldn't put 
She lo:)k<i lite a 
corn 

Ferricr's pink org 
flounces streamed out behind In 
a mannci :ed have 

*ng phenome:. 

She had, however, robbed Peter to 
i :iul ; for, whereas one end of her 
cded, t'.ic other as notably 

" Mamma has not yet come back 
her dfit 
big the way into the drawing-room. 
"It it astonishing what keeps her so 
long." 

" Oh ! it's one of her < 

villi 

a li: net of amusement thai 

-iii the blood into his ladjft 
face. 

Two morning* of every week, Mrs. 
I • : . i arriage full of | 

j (bod and 
drove off into some of the poorest 
itrei n, where i 

red about bcr, and 
their troubles, and received her 
Lp, The good sou:, 
very .stout, did not qui 
her carriage, bul sal thct • i 

tit'ul Liu t rather apoplectic 

g about her cotton and .1 



nels, and tea and sugar, and 
aad condolences, and perlu 
complaints with ti.cm. It is 
than probable that, under corer 
this princely charily, Mr 

:i genial gossip r. 
then. Among these poor wooes 
were many no poorer than she tad 
once been. 

er to her heart and sympathies ills 

those whom Annette brought to ha 

gorgeous drawing-rooms. Mrs. Fer- 

ncr wjk far from wishing to be poor 

but fur all that she had foaewj 

id restriction on her taora 

and her liberty. To her mind, ihcre- 

- of society were worse 

ket, and i: 

ity to keep h< 
i5 them oi*nly. But 1. 

ould speak ha 
onn language, and ac tar 

I Leas- 
fohn could leave il 
. and step into the little alc-hiNt 

should bring her out a wars: 

creature would not rcstf* 
it. There was always an idle nrAB 
ul)i)ut who was only too prowl I 
ktand at the horses' : Jaa> 

'. a chat wiih son»r 
who leaned toward her over I 
:cps. 

was sometimes tt» 

by a suspicion that her rooiiw 

did not a!. ,af*- 

S5»U 

(he was far from guec 
ing the extent of the gom 

stood uii end had she seen that jisw 

handed into the • 
the beaming smile thai rt 

bringtnj iV 
Her n ng caougp, 

i make her bin 
tifn aiion when I.awr 

I Ik 



Grafifs and Thorns. 



>t* with her intended husband 
way, and she sealed herself in 
r.d anxiously watched for 
' . coming, 
was not kept l<M ensc. 

.here appeared through the 
flowering hop* trees 

of bright bays so trained and 
i that their pcrpendicuL: 
ualled their forward progress ; 
ska that glittered like 
if the inn. In 

... r iii solitary Mate. 

• detected some ap> 

sion in the first glance the 

«ard the draj*ing-rooni win- 

lie young 

re betide bet daugh- 

tossed her head, anil rt 

I'Icncc. SI ivurd 

to him. 

brought his horses round in 

: a curve that the wheels miss- 

COrbttone by only a hair's 

» ; ami John descended 
;h — whence during three hours 
. enjoyed the view of a black- 
>n over-nodded by the 

^trier's plume of feathers 
lei down the step. 
are obliged to confess th.u 
fcrrier d< fi ma bet 

a sailor 
, only with ility. But, 

Duld you ? She «.i> already 
alure age when greatness was 
upon her, and 'had not been 
itfa hei cir< uuistaii- 
■lore. . * n <l 

Hid tubject to vertigo. 

h obliged to you, John," 
d. finding herself safely land- 
Now, if you will bring that 
in. I'd just as lief carry it 
only . . ." 
ince toward the drawing-room 

ihed the Bente 

\nne;te would be shoe Iced 

■ tlier wan: I iself; 

ling to social 



propriety, this poor mother stood 
greatly in awe of her daughter, and, 

>l, led quite a wretched 
her. 

As the lady walked through the 
gate and up the I half- 

. . 
of being criticised, one night find 
a slight excuse for the smile that 
instant on the lips of 
her intended son-in-law ; for 

be owned that in decoration Mr-. 

tee was of a style tin as Cor- 
inthian as bet housc-fiont. A I 
drag green satin gown showed in 
i contrast with a yellow a 
shawl nod a bird*al 
she had curls and CTtO bad 

flounce; and frills, the bad chain* 

bet 
fmger;, and we should not be I 
prised ii the had belli on bei 

"O niainmu !" :tte, 

running out into the hall, " *) 
made you go out dn ke a 

paroquet?" 

" Why, green an to- 

gether," mamma repl 
•• I've heard you say that they make 
the prdtiest flag in the a 

The young woman made B little 
gesture of despaii j . ittt. 

H Of coarse, colors can . ting 

togctl i they're put togethi 

she said. " The qaeatii thei 

they are in gOO not 

you tee, I i hat what is very 

for a banner isn't proper for a 
lady's dress ? But no mat-. 
it cannot be helped. w, 1 

i to tell ymi. 1 n 
in ■ book this morning that fleshy 

■ 
net by giring up veg and 

sweets, and living on rare beef and 
fruit*, and using all the vim 
could on thin j, I yon 

g." 

'• But I don't Iik.- raw beef and 
vinegar," cried the mother in dismay. 



6«4 



Grafts a*d Thorns. 



- 1; is net a question of 1 
rep' -sag woman loftily. ■ It 

is a question of health, and comfort, 
and good looks. It certainly cannot 
be to you a matter of indiftV: 
that the whole neighborhood laugh 
behind their blinds to see jou I 
down out of the carriage." 

Let *cm laugh," said the mother 
sulkily. • They'd be willing to back 
oat of carriage* all their lires if they 
could hare such as mi- 
Annette drew herself up with great 
. .:>• : "Mamma, I do not con- 
sider anything trivial when it con- 
cern? the credit of the family. Tokcep 
that op, I would starve, I wuuld work, 
I would perform any hardship." 

i the girl justice, she spoke 
bat the troth. 

ret with lemon 
::ad of vineg.. vied 

after a moment. * And, by the way, 
I have ordered dinner 21 
soar, so as to be through in time 
an caiiy rehearsaL Mr. Schooinger 
D gaged foe the evening, and they 
are all to be here by half-past five. 
Do be careful, ma. Mrs. Gerald b 
coming up." 

" I don't care for 'em T Mrs. 1 
rier burst forth. *' I'm tired 
having to mince and pucker for the 
sake of those Geralds. What are 
they to me ? Ail they want of us b 
cur mw. 

Annette hushed her nd 

tried to soothe her, leading the way 
into a side room ; but. having be 

honest creature must free her 
j our say, and 
now I want to have mine," sho per- 
sisted, but consented to lower her 
voice to a more confidential pitch. 
■:ve a talk with 
Lawrence to-day when dinner is over. 
I shan't put it off If company 
comes before I get through, you 

entertain them. .My n 
made ap." 



: guc i ou s, mamma 



Annette, turning pale. 

"There are some things 
know best, and some that 
best," the elder woman we 
with a steady firmness I 
her. ■ I give up to yoa 
deal, and you must give up 
when the time comes. 1 3 
to that young man to-day 
i;now what b best for 3 
My no more about it. 1 
fit to take care of yourself 
concerned, and I'm go 
do it for yew. No matter 
want to say to Btm. It 
place to look out for i. 
have to do is to be q 
interfere." 

Annette wan and, 

e th 
I have seen that it by no 
a weak character 
looking 3t facts sharj 
bravely, considering which 
she had better eh 
swiftly coming to a 
as was :. 
where she ruled, it was but 
compared with the det 
her mother showed wh 
was made up. The daught 
sometimes yield rather 
and she was alwi 
sons and arguments to prove 
right. But the mother had 
tliat shrinking on the contrary 
pleasure in having a little 
now and then to 1 
of her peaceful ex 
being gifted in reasoning, 
to n^'-ert her will 
and uncom pr>- 1 nner. 

over, having once said 
would or would not act in 
manner, she never 
. 1 be moved from that 
mas so well known 
ily and intimates that the) 
not to provoke her to ■ 



Grapes and Thcrxs. 



66* 



n on questions that affected 

iterests. 

sil, mamma," Annette said, 

r very pale as she yielded, 

must do as you please. But 

"orget that Lawrence has not 

used to rough words. And 

is time for you to change 
rcss." 

hese words, the sceptre chang- 
es again. Mrs. Terrier sighed 
:. remembering the happy days 
she could put on a gown in 
Wiring, and not take it off till 
nt to bed at night, 
i, the footman, sat in the hall 

two lathes came out of the 
, and, instead of going directly 
rs as her daughter returned 

• drawing-room, Mrs. Ferrier 
a little pretence of looking 

rough the porch, to learn the 
of some imaginary disturb- 
When at length she went 
1 the stairs, she was fumbling 

• pocket, and presently dre.v 
small parcel, which she tossed 
over the balusters to John, 

lg under. The paper unfold- 

fuliing, and disclosed a gor- 

purple and gold neck-tie, 

the footman at once hid in 

cket. 

j you like the colors, John ?" 
cod, leaning over the rail, and 
^ down benignantly. 
nodded, with a quick, short 
ring smile, which shot like 
ng across his ruddy face, dis- 
g for only an instant its dig- 
gravity. 

a, are you going upstairs?" 
Annette's sharp voice from the 
i g- room. 

:s ; if you'll give me time," an- 
1 " ma," hastening on. 
;re was no reason why she 
. not buy, now and then, a 
ift for her servants, and there 
> need of proclaiming what she 



had done, and so making the other* 
jealous. Or perhaps }<'" had ask- 
ed his mistress to exercise her :.\s:e 
in his behalf, himself pa\ :s$ iV>t t'.'.e 
finery. He was a very sen«:X». in- 
dependent man. and d:d ::.•: r.oed 
to be pecuniarily assisted. 

At the head of the stairs. ;*■< is.*. 
tress of the house me! 1V"U\ t'-e 
chambermaid, who l-.ad tvva a wil- 
lies* to t.ii> l.u.e scene. 

•• H •■»«• dii you get al.v;. lv— • • 5 " 
the lady asked, trying to j ..: >';....-. 

The girl turned her back and 
flounced away, muttering something 
about some folks who coa'.d-a't get 
along so well as some other folk*. 
who could go throwing presents over 
the balustrade to other toiks. 

l'oor llcttie ! perhaps she e«\ ie.! 
John his necktie. 

The rich woman went \v.U* her 
chamber, and shut the door. •■ I «'.»•• 
clare, I'm sick of live way I ha\«,* 
to live," she whimpered, \\ip;:g her 
eyes. " 1 don't dare to >.n i:t\ 
soul's my own. I'm ah aid to speak, 
or hold my tongue, or move, or s:t 
still, or put on clothes, or leave 'em 
off, or to look out of my eyes « hen 
• they're open." She wiped the f.'atmos 
in question again. " And now I'm 
likely to be starved," she resume*! 
despairingly ; " for, if Annette sets 
out to make me do am thing, she 
never lets merest till I do it. 1 \\.;\ 
happier when 1 hail but one gown 
to my luck, and could act as I 
pleased, than I've ever been with all 
the finery, and servant*, and eaiu.o'.ei 
that are botheiing the hie out «>l me 
now. It's all nous* use, litis killing 
yourself to try to be like vHWetwulv 
else, when what you aie is just as 
good as what anybody iv" 

Which was not at .ill a liwlr.li i«>n 
elusion, though it ini;;hi h.ixe been 
more elegantly eNpiewd. 

She stood a iin>iii'-i'.i livd in 
thought, her In c l>|: \\\U inn;;. "I 



Grapa and Thorns. 




declare, " she mur. -a good 

! to — " but «; iish the 

sentence. 

I over her 

be s;it on the edge of 

■fa, with a stout arm propping 

hex on either side, and her heavily 

thccushi< 
Mr: i: into a reverie 

\\ had every appearance of Lc- 
otei 
When .--'nc »'» mo<!ciately pleas- 
ctl, : lan was Bi 

thou .iificant feat;: 

were somewhat swamped in flesh. 

were pleasant, her < 
plexi , her teeth sound, ami 

the . ; .-brown hair was 

parted, and blushed with ap- 
prehension, as the do< H kly 
open 

it Annette should 
know « hat she had been thinking 
. 

•' Ma," »{d that young woman, 
•' you had Iwttrr wear a black grcna- 
ine, and th« amethyst btOOCil 

this brief ord 
girt banged the door in her energetic 
: but, before it was well si 
;ain. 

-: t^ic ser- 
vants at ta 

ie Menti i tared, 

and a to na came back for 

a [a»t word. "O Rial I've given 

ordti nl and claret, 

and you'. I better Lenin to-day, and 

i m get along with such 

il were 

\.r,fv,- :;n idea bow little food 

you can live upon till you try. I 

should rt !"■ at all surprised if you 

. " . 
At last she depart tl in c trn 

; both bands, 
raised her eyes to the ceil il 

■ cried, " of 



anybody with an empty stomach sil- 
ting down to a full table, and not 
ig wh.it |1 

>baUy 

never heard ol Panja, anil 

perhaps it would n i have 

ted her could she have read 

his history. 

pass ovi let scene, 

N'ance, M maid, 

drove the ; stract- 

cd with her fastidious ideas re 
colors and shapes; and the dinner, 
Mrs. Ferrier 
il with a slice 01 
raw beef on her | i a tumbler 

of very mi ret and 

laming ale 
ad been wont to lull tier to her 
These thiap 
lOt, howcrer, sweeten bet 
her resolution 
may be li her a 

little more inexorable. It i» certain 
I r. Gerald did not : 
' ily amiable during the lepisl, 
s not sorry when she left tie 
dining-room, where he and Loan 
Ferrier slopped to smoke a r 

She did not leave him in petce 
though, but planted a thorn ai 

;: 

• I want to sec yo i 
about 

soon as you 
she said, with an air that 

landing than necc^ 

frown sett. ne He* 

as he looked after h t mci 

he on now? " Do you sno« 
what the indictment is, l.ouis ?" a* 
asked 

gar, turned his side 
which h 

in the chair A. m •■ 
'• Milady loi ie jwj 

had i 

Loui e need not 

occupy didn't 



Gro/ 






y what the row was, really ; 
kln't tell ; never tr< iself 

about ma's attain. 

Lawrence smoked away vigo 
or three lit 
smooth!;, and, 

. ilished, lii-< irr: 
leased jntly he threw the 

iently through 
i window near, and broug 
feet tw the floor with an i 

.ire. 
is anything I hate," he 
1 out, " it ia . 
into a corner to hear something par- 

.u. 1 always know it ra 
something disagreeable. II you want 
jo jet me wild, just step U| 
mysteriously, and say that you wish 
to me about something par- 
ticular. Women arc always d 
n never i 

the] ■ i." 

dr. Ferriei sat opp 

the speaker, lolling on the table with 

pread, and a g] 
of wine between tiiem, from which he 

i drink \\ . 
tipping the brim to his pale little 

. 5. He took a sip bel 
aii.s., nd, still retaining 

oiled up a pair ol 

it-blue eyes as in a 

uftcrably 

sup.: da never does, unless 

g about n You 

may be pretty sure it's something 

ney." 

The clear, pale profile opposite bin 

.icd a deep pi 

l Kind .il him with 
••, before V 

had been 

habitual to Mr. Fci ips, 

that there was a slight 

night be regarded as 

i any 

grc.i : 

live. is liked to 



id him occasionally that the ad- 
vantages were not all en one 

Lawrence rose carelessly from the 
table, and filliped a crumb <>f bread 
oft" b "I say, Louis," he 

remarked, " do yon 
rather a peculiar W -our 

head down to jrourfoo ■ i of 

raising your food to your mouth? 
Reminds one of— well, now, it's a 

it ? 

Excuse in-", that may be taken aa a 

i oraj ure but quad* 

rupedi have, on the whole, rather 

n than bipeds. Grace 

Money is the 

l»g, alter all. Y 

such len 

talk aboMi 
then Good-byl Don't take ton 

: wine." 

Me sauntered out ©£ the room, 
shut the door behii 
•• Vulgar place '." he mui 

bows everywhere. 1 won 

ter." A < 
Uas; 

mind of a cool, darken iber, 

ail pure white and cek oritb 

little golden Him' I 
a shady nook before a marble saint, 

one alanda sun-ray stretehed 
athv. though the pi • 

; let down from heaven, and the 
goldi -ill held i i to 

that peaceful shore. The contrast 
gave him a stifled feeling. 

used the dm 

door, he saw . it, 

evid n. She 

the 
aent beappean i. Heri 
I very pale, but now the color 
fluttered in it. Sha looked at him 
:iy. 

-I).. rather 

. . . odd dly, 

i know she has a rough 
ng, but she means .. 




Grafvs and Thorns. 



Re looked down, and only just 
suffered her slender fingers to n. 
his u 

: help it if I could. Lair- 
■he wen on tremulously. 
•• 1 d . but ther 

times when mamma v 
me. .iliat she 

»)' . . . lk*!" 

id not yet 
Bed not to make that tender 

nd He 
tried to hiile t 

I begin to think 
that something 1X3 corning,™ 

he said, forcing a laugh, 
sooner I go anil ^et it over, the bet- 
ter. Don't be alarmed. I pro: 
not to resent anything except per- 
sonal violence. When it comes to 
blows, I roust pr 
you can"l expect a man to prOri 

when he doesn't know 
wha to happen." 

end of the hall was 
opened, deed out 

impatiently. 

roan cr.. i tie. 

>. three! Let us be brave, 

and stand by each other. I aua 

Let at stand by each other ! Oh ! 
c\er and cvi i 
k to the girl's face at : 
longer feared anything if 
she and Lawrence were 10 stand 

Mr. I wly down 

the halL If his step and 

i fearlessness, who 

I the Eb 

; crner sat li'-cc a highly 

rved in a green 

l.er Up (ber 

nam in her lap, the young man 

:ijht savagery). She looked 

nned. The calm 

itch he could assume 

etc would have do cfiect 






here. Not only -nerost 

kira, which made a rat 
difference, but she was incapabl* d 
appreciating bis real advant.i 

[b, perhaps a roistak 
perception of them 
limes with a * 
is nothing which a low i 

resents and 
trusts than gentle manners. 

Thi r^scd and si 

man ;.iailcd before 

tider-i inian. 

she care for a seen at *hnnk- 

ing would she have from the insult- 
ing word, tl»e coarse taunt? What 
fine sens-.- hud she to stop her at 
the point where enough bad been 
i.l prevent tiie gratuitum 
pouring out of all that a: 
showed in lv (ace? law- 

rente Gerald took a strong hold on 

iitly 
upon the only com on possi- 

ble to him. He could 
woman, for he wa 
hex power. Jle could i.. 

r, but that would 
be to make Annette worse that 

nhlesa to him. tie dollar 

could he ever hope to recei»e if he 
made an enemy of Mrs. Ferrier; and 
money he mini have He fell no* 
with a new keenness, when lie per- 
ceived himself to be ;r. dang 
loss, how terrible it would be 
find those expectations of 
ity which he had been enlertr 
uray from hiro. 

Mrs. Fcrrier looked at him glum- 
ly, not lady enough to point bun ta 
a scat, or to smooth in any 
approaches to a disagreeable 
view. 'ITiere wa-: ':->ess 

delicacy in her nal now 

heart was full of jcalo 
and a sense of outraged ju 
t -:i>od justice. 

The young man seated himself 
in a chair dirertlv in front of her— 



Grapes and 'I horns. 



66g 



would in:: though .• 

forward 

knees, looked 

rfl ai - he held, and 

let! for hi gio. A more 

te attitude would have b< en 

■ on her, ami he need* 

..Id. Besides, her 

•atcning looks had been so undis- 

i.it an a.-. of smiling 

er. 

'he woman's hard, critical 
icd him over as he waited i 
marked the finish ol hi* toilet, 
honed the cost of il 
|>ped at sight of the deep pu 
.-thysts in his enffbuuons, nut 

. 
f his mother. He was 
wetl quite like a fine geotl 

what «u he ? 
him. pauper who was try- 

She Ion 
ell him so, and would have ex- 
ised herteU qui rj to that 

on a very small provoc I 
you've on 
. promise you made 

igo,"shc said i ha* 

grov. siir- 

" Ih i have." 

What promise t" he asked calm* 
;tancmg up. 

: know well enough what I 
in," she retorted. " Ifou i 
never to gamble 

i what you night depew 
OB did, and 1 

lould like to know 
truth. I've been hearing things 
ut y 

•. deep red stained his face, and 
were pressed tightly tog< 
was hard to he *pokcn to in 
■ 
ake . lally Icec 

in a irain 

i's no answer to mj 

I , her 



hands cl I in her 

lap. •• iv ■ truth *i'u 

roam sbody — no matter 

who — has totd i owe fif-. 

lollai 
by gambling Is it Hue or not? 
That is what I waul to know." 
Lawi .Id raised his bright 

. anil looked steadily at her. •' It 
: he said. 

rate denial 

Ferricr. Sue had 

not cacpei ted bio to coal ly to 

ii as she 
. him, had she thought him 

charge were true — some sense <>; 

:cd her 
thus fin — but she had looked 

He • low to ace that the 

!c was at an cud, and in the 
same moment his perfect self-re- 
Strai . I ask where 

you bcai interesting stor 

he clcii drawing himself up. 

Her 
truth Wat 
her son; but Louis had be 

.mi, 

bees founded on 

merely. " It's no use telling 

where I heard it," she said. -I'll 

your woi ce you've; 

;, of course you won't have 

any 

ru will swear that y owe 

any gam 1 ire, 

lore." 
II . '• I will 

not do it!" he ex •• If my 

word is not good, my oath would 
not be. You ought to be 
And if you will all I go 

bow, uotea >ou have 

some other m 

bad risen, his manner full of 
■ 
- i haven't quite . yet. 

ry." 



Grapes and Tforns. 



He did not scat himself again, 
but. leaning on the back of 8 chair, 
looked at h;r fully. 

• ! ild sit down," 

she said. " It isn't pleasant to 

when i want to 

nuleil. nit vry pleasantly, 
iking at her 
with a steady gaze that was ■• 

live. S>e 
relume I 

gard t • • a 11 one Wi light 

lieant eyes capable of. 
She had not been able to understand 
his 
cions were alive a;: 

" If all goes right," she I 
. ■ 
thai you and Annette should be 
married the first of September, 
made up my min I »3I do 

for you. You shall have five hun- 
dred dollars to go on a Journey with, 
and the • '1 come back 

live with me here two years. Ill 
give you your bo 

I allowance of five hundred 

Hut I won't pay . 
and, if any such d Be up as 

we have been talking about, oli 
It this story I've h 

tlltnt OUt t<> be In 'C dollar 

more of mine d-> r get, no 

matter when I find it out." 
" 1 will speak to Annette about 

[with 
Annette was i ■■ ting for 

t is it?" she a : 
when shi- 

1!* ' from the 

table - Come' 
said; " I am stifling he 

wed him into the gardens, 
where an arbor s< them from 

■ Did 3 u know a hal your 
was going ti> say to me ' 



It was e hid 

strength to utter. 

thing. Lawrence. 1 s_ 

nean to tell me, so I 
keep me in 

He hesitated a moment, 
she did not know, there was no need 
to tell her j!I He told her oaly 
her mother's plans regarding thea 

a sort of tirket-of- 
■.," lie said, sroilinr; 
"We are to be under r*> 
Hadn't yon better give me up, An- 
nette? She will like any one else 
bctt 

The sky and garden sv. 
before her eyes. She said 
but 

•• I only propose it 
added mnre gently, startled « 
her : )"' n g me, ■ 

run the risk of being poor, 
doesn't frighten you, then 
right." 

I i i ame back agai:! . 

• 
had been re: > many liow 

to find her with the »n:< 

" This cannot go on a 

in looking down. 

" Mamma cannot always be so unrea- 
sonable. Th sray now a 
make no opposition to her, whatever 
she proposes. I may I 
fluence Tier as we 

i may be sure that I shall try. 
Meantime, let us be quiet. I 
rencc, never to cor 
etty sure of victory. 
It is a hard lesson, but we ha. 
learn many harder c 

The best wa to laugh 

and seem careless, whether you 
so or not. The one who la 

i : 

•nt a person acts 




s and Thorns. 



humiliated, people sc:m to be 
aessed of a desire to humiliate him 
still more. It doesn't do in the 
wor.' to any weakness or 

failure I have always noticed that 
people of those who 

appear to be perfectly self-confident 
and contcnte 

Lawrence Gerald looked at her in 
surprise as she ss i aim 

and steady way quite new to I 
Some thought of her 
and 

money-bringing glanced through his 
mind. know the world at 

least, Annetti !, with a I 

mile nor word replied. She 

I rt nembcring 

«l>r- 1 the n 

a poor, low-born girl, ignorant 

:uiiiic and daring, had been 

i wealth, and 

thrown opon thai world with no one 

her how to ad pi 

ned by the sneers and 
:.:ule and jibes, 
.-.iief» had escitcd. Mortitica- 
disappoint- 
ight her. Instead of 
baring been led, she had been spur- 
red along the way of life. She had 
•em 

generous feelings held as nothing, 
because of : 

lest dps 

she grasped at, 1. 

with 
only a surface-froth of sweet pre- 
tence. Strife lay behind her, 
looking i he saw »; 

future. cade this swift rc- 

rie*. -ened to her as it has 

happened to others when some e 
or i g cnioti reed 

socdtalr daily caret; and as the 

ire nave: 
brer- i.ipse 

a whole, a ail 



671 



Me. Perhaps in that rn 
nette Ferric* saw noihir 

i es in all her hopes of earthly 
happiness, I brief loot; 

hide her face from them for t 

He 
cr with curiosl 

ic she had 
! ^regarded his prrscDcc, and 
I her really 
■I of respect. 
She roused herself, I 
Start, to a real 

present from some trivia] abstr 

ind almost reluctantly, as 
though turning from weighty matters 
to attend to trifles. 

n you I* bright am! cheerful 
now ?" she asked, smiling on him 
i '■ superiority in 
hei air. ic not 

fretting for. Ail mil come 
• up our tourer e." 
it her ii 
he took it i to h« 

lips. " You're a good creature 
said most sincei 

And in mis amicable frame of 

company. 

Iltoo was rain irtical 

city. In the other arts, they were 

tierbaps superficial and pretentious; 

but this ol ra* anlently and 

assiduously cultivated by ever 

Wealthy ladies studied it with all 

the devotion ol* professional people, 

an. I there * might 

have made it a successful 

Among these was Annette Fcrrier, 

;h soprano had a 

t etfcct in tarrwsur or com- 

;* requiring strong passino m 

the rendering. All this talent and 

tion the Cricbton 
not by i allow to be «•• 

soda- 
their emulation and 
skill, and chant. I 

•rail afforded them the oppor- 



pabhc display without 
■:'.i their seal migst bare laor-aisb- 
ed. The present rehearsal was lor 
• . z at L>ese cor.t rrti- 

Thcy wot to sing ia lie acw cooser- 
rasory , ■ hxh was atraarablc far that 
purpose, it was only just ccxnpieted 

the south wescera corner of the boose, 
wok a high root and tall pillars mak- 
*g a sort of porch at the cod. 
plants bad jet beca arranged, but 
anhrs aad rhododendrons ia foil 
bioorahad been brought ia aad set 
ia a thicket aloe- tbe bases of tbe 
pass*, looking, ia all their airy rase- 
ate flash of graduated lata, as if a 
doad bad dtup pe d there. 
=*t this background tbe beacbes 
far tbe singers were ranged, and 
Anaettr's grand piano brought oat 
far Mr. Scboainrer. tbeir leader. 
Sofas aad arm-chairs were placed 
near tbe long windows opening into 
tbe I wise far a sua company of 

wish Mother Cb ci r easc could 
come," Mrs. Ferrier said, sar- 

VCjaag "■> •'re^'iritioeis w^h OQUn" 
placcat satisfacnaD. 

Mooter Cbevrcuae was easployed 
asweb more to ber owa hriag taaa 
she woak! bare beca ia fastening to 
the asast e a c d se a t erase m tbe 
world: she was wattsag far her tan 
to cause boate 6oca bis t oMmi a w, 
aad take tea with her ia her cos* 
bale parlor. If the day 

then be could rest a whole 
aad, ia especrarioa of his success, 
she had snsde a kttle gala of it. and 
adoraed ber room aad table with 
The cartaias next ta* 
; were soaped back, to show a 
froap of s aahgh t o d tree-tops and 
aa edje of a bright dood, siac* tbe 
ftqgh walls hid the saasec croas this 
rooaa. The priest's sappers aad 
ifaiiHi-Sowa were ready far bias. 



aad an arm-chair set in his utona 

place. He must rest after his had 

i He evening paper by 

folded within reach. 

Mother Chevrease looked sannp 
ly about, and saw that aD was readc, 
Tbe green china tea-set aad 

■Id-fashioned silver that kwi 
beso preserved from her woiuej 
presents made the I le lace 

gar. aad the flowers and a plats ef 
golden boocy-comb added a load 
of poetry, Everything was as tbe 
would hare wished it — the picas* 
beaatifaDy peaceful and boar 

- What would he do withou 
she a mnaur c d involuntarily. 

Tbe thought called up a traioof 
sad fancies, and, as she stood look- 
ing out toward tbe r dcui 
of evening, loog qaiverici; riji 
seesacd to stretch toward bet boa 
it. She clasped her bands ai 
ed her eyes, to pray that she raipi 
kiag be spared to bun ; but the words 
stopped oo i The* 
a rootoentary struggle, that 
■ Thy uill be dooe!" droppeti . 

At this ntoneo:. she heard a bai- 
iar step ou the tidcwalk. ih. 
door opened and banged to agab, 
aad ia a m oment asore F. Cherree* 
stood oa the threshold, his fact 
brigfat with exercke and plea; 

- Well r" bis mother said, sceag 
sum en ia hb 

He drew himself up with aa et- 
presstoo of immense coase 
aad began to declaim : 

~n-*.'T.s«. 




• »w>* »- » T *«». «r» w, 
•rwlaai 
•r-T-j«s.».-»r«*t. 
-Thaws>i.-«r>>«. 

* T»kar ■■ oar* lS«ra.* airs kC- 



- You're math, the whole 

was her joyful iatcrpretauoa. 

-»; aad more," he answered. 

** I am rich. Mother -. All 

the way boose, my mind has beta 



Crape i and Thorns. 



673 



wters." 

thet Cbcvrcuie seated herself 
i the tea-tray, set a green ami 
cup into its appro: 
id selected a pi -poon 

she always gave her son — one 
l wheat-ear curling about the 
fiu ed i:iiti:u- : he. insen- 
man that he was. unconscious 
cr it was silver or tin. 

ron have a resting 
:• Master of marten, you need 
1 10 any other," 
tid. "But I own thai my 
us often run on a golden altar- 
r. Only to-day I was reckon- 
possess of my own 

ty :" laughe<l the | 
want to make a show, moth- 
n«tcad of being content to 
with the brick and mortar, or 
jn pillars, roach 

xy Holy of Holies, and 
tabernacle itself. I 
;vreuse !" 

mentioned it to F. W 
and he almost reproved me. 
re was more need 
ding the hungry than 01 
Men altar-vessels. I told turn 
old endures, but bread i^ 

he answered that, if the 
read saved from theft or 
and put hope into a 
ng heart, it was making finer 
than could be wrought into a 
B. A good deal of gTacc may 
nd in a loaf of bread, said F. 

vered the priest 
nlljr. " F. White has 

rudges me a gold chalice, 
member that when he comes 
begging for his organ. I". 
, says I, it's sheer vanity to talk 
{ana when there are suffering 
in the world. A tol 
1 than an organ-pip . 

VOL, XVII. — 43 



stops an oath in the mouth of a poor 
hod-carrier who has no other com- 
fort but h grace 
may be found in a clay I'M"'' '• 
White, my daibi 

ilish talk, but innocent 
-r 1 nl. 

id, by the way." n 
;, '■ that tame 1'. White has ;.; 

td I must go and attend a 
call for him. I got the telegram 
.1 1 came along." 

it to-nigbtf" the mother ex- 
claimed. 

" Yes, to-night I sent word that I 
would come. The man is in danger, 
Besides, I could not spare time t" 
morrow forenoon. I can drive the 

five miles before ten n'cJm 

the rest of the night there, and <:oine 
home in the morning in time to say 
Mass at six o'clock. That is the best 
plan. I don't care to be out very ta 

is the better way," she said, 
l.u: looked disappointed. •• 1 d 
like to have ; Lte at night, it 

gives you such headaches," 
"He . easier t'i bear than 
: )thcr," said the priest 
i:ily, and went to the window to 
Andrew his order for the 

Have it ready in front <;!' 
the church at a quarter before nine 
o'clock," he said '"And, Andrew, 
light the gas in the sacristy." 

Mother Chevreuse anxiously served 
her son. urged hint to take a mtrffl 
lest the night air should prove chi 
poured a second cup of tea for hi 
and, when he was ready 
looking earnestly at him, half in 
pride of his stalwart manliness, half 
in tender, motherly anxiety lest some 
accident should befall nun on the 
. lonely drive. 

you better lake A 
ted. 
■ 
with me?" the priest asked, putting 
in his pocket. 




swSM 
for? roc y=, 
■ ksbeabdbR 
be k&I •iTewit.s&e 

Tcr 

«m fedwca 

tH,™ she replied gea- 
tly. • rH^aps I am fooush to be so 
oenroes aboot joor going. It seem 
s toady drive. Go now, or you 
be late." 

Sbe followed ma to the door, and 
stood there till the saw H»n cone 
oat of the church, step tata ii» 
baggy, sad drive away. 

- Go. -J-nigbt : grod-nightr she 
said, listening till the last sound of his 
carriage-wheel* died iaio stillness; 
Ibeo, breathing a prayer for bit safe- 
ly, the went back to her own 
root*. 

Ja-.c i ad cleared away the table, 
drawn ike conoids, and lighted a 
lamp, ami had gone down to her 
company in (he 

" What does make me so lonely 
and fearful?" exclaimed the 1. 
wringing her d! 

■usicd herself in little tl 

vt the trouble away; 
I her son bad not 



^jy ypTj ^■■B ^^^^^^^H 

oter the old time aad 
hoy's cUdhood. Hnw happy mi 
peacrtal their life h-> i beca 
csadmg herself, at .c» m 

woakl have called it 
■to her bedroom, and broc; 
a bttle trnni, >n which were present 
ja.iiin memorable in her life aot 
bis. 

There » as his christening-rrte 
Sbe shook out the length, and passes' 
two of her fingers through the tsw 
embroidered sleeve. 

• How. little ue dream wl 
future is to be !" she murmured. 
■ I wonder how 1 
if. when I was embroi<!erir; 
there had risen b'fore mj 

■ 
it ? But I couldn't have been | 
cr of him than I wax. Me was J 

icalfhv boy. ami had a • 
his own even then. When he ira 1 
' 

his I 
away finger by fingei 

There were 



Grapes and Thorns. 



6-5 



Dks ttdorned with preposterous 
ticiUdrawLngs, in which the human 
are was represented by three 
acres set one over the other, and 
pportcd on two sticks; there were 
ters written b'a mother while he 
away from home, at school or 
lege, and a collection of locks of 
cut on successive birthdays, till 
boy hail laughed her out of the 
oro. laced these side by 

them according to 
' dates, and studied the gradual 
age from the silken-silvery cres- 
; of a curl cut from the head of 
ye; i :!i deep- 

ening shades, to the thick brown 
tress cut on his twentieth ! 
Every little lock had its stoi 

', she went over each, ending with 
the child's 
seemed again to see. And 
she sat there conning 
memory struck every chord of her 
::, from the sv away 

i when her first-born was 
ed in her arms, and coming 
deepening tones to 
: jwesent, 

tnt orer thcie mementos. Now 
he is Father Chi and I am 

an old woman !" she said ; a 
ing, rove and put the souvenirs all 
away. " We have had a glad 
prosperous life ; how little of sorrow, 
how little of adversity ! I never be- 
fore realized how much I have to be 

i over her 
head, and v. through the 

basement into the church to say her 
prayers. She always said her c 
ing prayers before the and 

now she had cause to be 

sen: She must atOOG for 

past untbankfuln for 

son's sale ret i 
By ten o'clock, the house was 
closed for the night, and the inmates 



had all gone to their quiet slumber. 
ease's uneasinea was 
all gone, and, after devotions of 
usual f.rvur. the felt an U3 
peace. " Father, into thy hands I 
commit my spirit !" she said, and 
sank to sleep as soon U her fa 
touched the pillow. 

About midnight, she started up. 
wide-awake, and listened. There 
was a WW, stealthy sound, as of a 
ing sillily opened. Could 
her son have < and 

come home again ? Some one was 
certainly in his room. She stepped 
out of bed, keenly 

Titer lint noise like the rattle 

of a latch or lock, and then a soft 
step retreating. 

•' It is he comeback !" she thought 
. even in thinking so, 
v. . n iuen by a wild and 
fear. She slipped on a 
gown and sandals, and hurried to- 
ward the door. "My soul" she 
'y as she opened it. 
Faintly seen in the dim light, a 
It's form was leaving the room 
the entry. A shawl or cloak wn 
ped him front head to fool 
a little chest in hia hand, fa I 
t !•". Che i his mom 

Ail personal I ertnd his 

heart at thai 
thought only that 
son's long labors was being 
away under hi 

the brief joy of liis success, he wo 
come home to bitterness p 
appointment. 

ran after the retreating figure, 
and caught it by the arm. " Shame '■ 
It is the mo- 
ney of the poor. It belongs :o God. 
Leave it, in God's nan: . 

The man bent down, and wrapped 
form still mote closely from 
iiiun, as he • 

lill! ■■: ■ go 

his arm, she caught at the casket he 



676 



Travellers and Travelling. 




held, and clung with all her strength, 
calling for help. 
" Let gr> id, in a b 

whisper. " Let go, or I sJiall do 

butt 

the still clung and cried for 

help, they stood at the head of the 

■ ling lo the basement of the 

house. Steps were heard below, and 



Jane's voice calling Andrew, aai 
screaming from low. 

The man made one mote fierce 
effort to free himself. Drawing Ud 
from the stairs, he turned quickly, 
anil threw himself forward agin 
There wu . son!' 

and a fall. Then a 
God 1" and then silence. 







TRAVELLERS AND TRAVELLING. 



What docs one gain by travel- 
ling? says some old wiseacre, with a 

•ttcr ilie 1 
that settles down and grows with 
his native or adopted dwelling-place. 
"The rolling stone gathers no moss," 
is a venerable saying. Men who 
Stay only 3 :.i. 

never be 'U' known or 

loved by any people, and hence their 
credit and foetal! increase. 

What does one not gain by b 
ling ? says the boy who is just old 
enough to r inson Crusoe, 

whose natural curiosity is feverish for 
knowlcd: :. tries are 

more interesting than ! He 

longs to climb the hill that bounds 

to sec wl 
beyond. .No one for him to inter 
ing as the soldier or sailor come back 
from foreign lands, and he asks, with 
deep, attentive ioqi there are 

boys En such pi , and whether 

they aie born there, or if they also 
went away from here ?" Power, 
wealth, beauty, have no charm for 
him, Money he values merely be- 
cause it opens his path to distant 
lands; and his instinctive desire to 
■ is the passion of his youth. 
is the story of all of us, at least 
all of us boys. It is only when our 



curiosity is satisfied cither by person- 
al experience or by credible hearer, 
when we meet mem whole 

human family, and find them seeking 
t country that | beauty 

which wc used to ascribe to theirs— 

en wc realize that life is no. 

: that one's native land is gea- 

for him; and that tie 

best thing for one to do is to choose 

1. G.~uscd 

to at] ttlc down and rite 

with ; 

B uccn the sturdy proverb of 
the old itant and the bousd- 

less dream of the boy exists the 

in wherein we shall fit 
uses of travel. There 
which may not be abused, ami tra- 
velling may degenerate into a pa*- 
sion in individuals ; but the strength 
of the ties of country, home, and 
family, whereby nature has bound 
ns, forbids any but solitary instances 
of men 

vagabonds on the earth, trespassing 
on all countries, and aiding none; 
while, if the Holy Ghost call forth 
some apostle from his kindred to 
sound the trump of £n 
many iieoples, the i 
him an extraordinary rarxSKX 
endow him with special grace, and 



Travellers and Travelling. 



6 77 



world will gain by his vocation, 
is the greatest traveller: 

foith, nol to his own | 
rthcr his nation's weal, but to ex- 

the kingdom of God on earth; 

lighten those who sit in darkness, 

bring them to the knowledge of 

ruth. 

by do people travel ? People 

:1 for health, for pleasure, for 

tc«, and for knowledge. Some 

thousand Americans travelled 
urope but summer with one or 
! of these objects in view. 1 1 
all gained by their trip ? Has 
ation profited ? Arc they health- 
u»p] r, wiser, for their 

in Europe? A general answer 
ese questions cannot be given, 
lepends on the character of the 
iduals who composed that large 
. 'l itu- 

md characteristics may have 
:d son .to lose, 

when there is question of health, 
ell as when we speak of enjoy- 
, riches, and useful knowledge, 
s one of that invading an 

descended on Europe last 

and will try to make others 
ken of whatever is rommunica- 
if the advantages derived from 
rip which under advice I look 
c other hemisphere. We will 
•ho arc they that lose by going 
id, what danger and damage 

incur, and the reasons why. 
rill also find what persons profit 
ic excursion, what dispositions 
cquired for this ; and, by con- 
ng ami comparing each, we 

be enabled tu conclude how 

i of loss and how much of gain 

is in travel, how the one is 

led, and the othi red. 

tis I will make bold to illustrate 

my own czperM 

change of air is well known to 
tnce one's health very much ; 
lives as much on good 



aii aa On what arc commonly con- 
sidered the elements of sustenance. 
I heard a gentleman state thai the 
change from Ncwburg to New York 
in summer had caused him to gain 
elevr ■ ma fortnight. Ittstt 

all in the change. A citizen flj 
from this pent-up atmosphere to 
expanded vision and pure breezes 
of that delightful town could hardly 
have gained more in the same pe- 
riod. Hence the doctors prescribe 
change of air so frequently. An 
English physician says : " It is un- 
doubted, explain it ROW we may, 
that a change of air, diet, and scene 
routes the faculties, improves the 
elite, and raises the spirits. 
Whet) nut for France, : ; . 

on your little trip of twenty-five 
miles across the channel, pray Hea- 
ven you may get thorou .ick, 
that nothing old 

make a bad foundation for the new 
man you arc to build up." 

People from the plain gain by a 
change to the mountains; people 
from the mountain by visiting the 
plains. People Iron Inland by 
going to the sea-shore, and thi 
from the beach by retiring to the 
Iowa, As with the body, so 
frith the mind. I >ia faculties be- 
come as it were choked up and 
stagnant by continual monotony ; 
even the most brilliant conversation, 

|l , the bwt jukes of a friend, f.iil 
at last to please or rouse the spirit. 
Activity and exercise are necessary 
Cm die mind and soul as well as 
for the body, and arc obtained by 

aig contact and conflict with 
new ideas, sights, and wonders to 
move the imagination; and the ton- 
ii at enlivening of ;' 

ce on the body, and does more 
to restore physical power than any 
material food, It is by visiting for- 
eign | seeing strange customs 

wonder- 



: " 




acti a* 
ftrya. 

IWOBS! 

the habit* and o ps nwt of aa 

Opposed tO TfVTM TBffw 

i good spcis; for 
aot open tbe windows of 
thesr mrtrrtMr bale aooh, to let in 
the rays of hippiatm ta which tbe 
people about are basking. An Eng- 
hs k niin of fifty year* ago, for in- 
stance, sets oet with tbe notioo that 
whatever is oot English is contempts- 
Die. Hence, be is cbgosted with 
tbe pleasant sounds of tbe French 
Soogoe ; tbe agreeable politeness of 
tbe lady in the restaurant irritates 
him— perhaps he feels angry that a 
Frenchwoman should be so much at 
case in his presence ; the play be de- 
spises, because his taste is too debased 
to rise to its enjoyment, or because 
Parisians apphad it. He will have 



sabie; and. xs the food i 
sf aa aoebecat Uc do 

of cci^e L: 
i bcakZfc, tfid ■ J "'r* 
i=d serums home da- 
does and 

and teflsros 

ao nae in tratel— be tried 

k." Tbe satnaqsasise. then, ix«brs 

job go to at on a e , to do as the R» 

6a. Tbe nuKMm of a place 

•bat MB inhabdar, ■-. prefer ; and 

■ ■ :'-'< ■ SB] b m u set his o»a 

inie ideas agaiaat tbe experience « 

a whole people, 

Mr friend and I had the r.iafor- 
tane to meet one of this class an sa- 
ting oat on oar trip, and thrown to- 
gether *x we necessarily were on » 
ocean steamship, it caused us a great 
deal of inconTenience. The poor 
■nan was actually yellow from dys- 
pepsia and bigotry. I am so 
say be passed for an American. 
Whether his bigotry caused that vise- 
Lie fastening up of his b 
and, reacting on his body, ruined his 
digestion, a it easily I 

whether the desperate s; 
chylopoctic fluids p 4 cor- 

responding . his soul, 

which we assumed as the more chari- 
table v; hwl 
certainly all the ben 
entertaining society, all the ad vac- 



tilers and Travelling. 



679 



of die?. 1 

him. 

t was the cause of his old. 
sm ? One dreadful incubus — 
migh a standing evil, b 

tmare (diurnal as well U DO 

iiy— 'mo 

■, and in tlic willing association 
osc whom he 1 if red, and 

ic company he courted. 0! ui 
priests. The man could not 
us in the face, could not accept 
alt at our hand;, would not * do 
ic pleasure of wini , 
nglish ships ; in fact, his bigotry 
i between him and his own en- 
Dent and good appetite, rendcr- 
lur 1 . 

■est of the company (Protestant* 
rsclvcs) 10 condemn his beha\ 
ic strongest terms on deck, and 
rd ti 1 oyage, at 

during ".iic time spent at tab! 
of his acqu was a 

le-soulcii. generous gen- 

an. a Methodist from Brooklyn. 
on h very opportu- 

to throw • about 

iu be polite to us especially 
make up for the fellow's savage- 

■ lep- 
ras complaining to the waiter as 
.s if he were being Hayed 
i, the other turned to him, and 
alow enezer, if I was 

maker getting up a funeral, I'd 
you : mourner." John 

*d us to his cabin, and the other 
cd away from its door when he 
us within. John 1 posed tO 
his cheerful, amiable wife to 
1 benezer declared his 
>rrcncc of the Irish and hit 
[)t for Killatney. ..In't 

ise anybody tu go to Ireland; 
been then limes, and 

e was nothing to sec but beggars." 
i before the COra- 
. did you go there the 
md and third time, Eben?" — 



a question which disconcerted the 
dyspeptic, and caused intense amuse- 
incut to the passengers. Such an 
one had no use to go travelling for 
health or anything must 

>wsof your so 

he risible muscles of your face, 

and reduce yourself to a :>lc, 

!-:-ssionable condition, if you want 

to benefit by change of air, scenery. 

and society. Dry,: iocs not 

1 ;■ the ton eaU 

But m set out with proper 

ins, leave care and pn j. id ice 
behind, be ready to Sp men 

and things as he will find then, let 
no thought of bu H 8 up for 

a while, but move along © 
quietly through the scenes and pe 
of other I .'1 he will 

cure the advantages of travelling for 
health. 

Another motive fur trav 
ncss. The ] .,-legraph 

afford wonderful facilities for carry- 
ing on COi between 
different firms and branches of 
• house in different countries ; but 
personal 
. and interviews oil: 
Hence, the number «f travellers on 

New 

York houses send trust; ICu- 

annually or ofteni • the 

set and select the 

styles which fickle fashion imposes 

<m her votaries; 

The American is not I with 

looking through foreign eyes, for be 
knows that snort or long-sightedness 
is often the defect of even business 
in those old I Hence, 

lie goes to sec and for him- 

unonly finds an opening 
where the 1 1 the German, 

even the ; ian,dad not sus] 

its existence ; throws a bridge over a 
chasi pan- 

able ; works his w.:\ 
ties they thought nnsurmountable ; 



Travtlltrs and Travelling. 



and pushing on over precipices and 

imtn.iM ' that banner 

the strange device, Excelsior," in his 

hands, astonishes the natives, and 

secure the trade of the world. Thus 

JOT, the sewing-machine man, 

indent met 

NOrnberg. amongst other places — a 

city seemingly so dead as to have 

recently erected anothcT monument 

to ■"■ ''ircr, the artist, the only 

I the town ; as if the last man 

of push and note they produced was 

dead 350 years. Singer goes to this 

\\ and, in spite of the 

pth and i the old 

channels in which trade had been 

ears, at- 
tempts to revolutionise it all at once 
machine. In spite 
of the opposition of the tailors, a 
similar endeavors in parts nf (Jrrat 
Britain failed to Overcome, he sue- 
stead of hiring a pints 
office, in the simple manner of the 
country, and cautious' ng a 

iul at the outset, til 
can. 1 icteristic enterprise and 

self-approved rids bun- 

fa in advei i thousands in 

erecting a building the most impi 
and expensive of its kind in the verier- 

. (UlODlsbi . i 

ractjngthem by the 
• men! be jivi •. makes them be- 
lieve that he is- indeed the bringer of 
the great good he claims, obi 

while filliag his own 
pockets, 'a a herald o( his 1 
genius and enterprise. ABOtha in 
stance: ailing down the 

Rhine tost Octobez in one of those 
oen which approach nearest to 
the graceful beauties of our own 
rivers, and which arc therefore mi 
highly praised by tourists, we were 
a little - i and considerably 

• seeing "hem's Floating 
' (like -i vast tli'.-n- 
ing bath ■ it to one of 



the cities of that noble str. 
and down whose banks it I 
roves, catermj - amotci 

instruction and picking up 
thalers of I I with 

much w: Dan Ri< 

When the people 
Continent behold the American* 
ing three thousand miles over theses. 
pasting inside I from whoa 

we learnt these very institutions, who* 
child our nation was, they natwaDr 
form a very high opinion of Hie «- 
pcrior enterprise and skill of tic 
republic, so that our democratic 

gain respect and 
honor, while English 
ally decays. Thus Ucoi 
goes over and steps in befc: 
Hull, and secures the sleeping-car 
less on the Com 
ly new that, roused by h» 
I 
toad< ; [reat impn> 

. afraid of being left still more 
shamefully behind -,.« die 

vcllcr, wl 

name and influence; and his su 
ful policy is always that 1 I • 

access. 

1 v- nuraeroi 
tid. They arc 
of the period preceding this great 
advertising age, and go abou 

soliciting orders and 
selling goods of which 1 
samples. Many of them are pc 
also, and sometimes carry great value 
in money, jewelry, etc, and ofTer 

tellers an attractive ficl 
wild tales of robbery on lonely roads, 
and murder in wayside inns, 
all have some story of this kind to 
relate. In Ireland, a room in 
hotel is set apart, < 

il room, li re u*e 

of these men, whotc business trans- 

and responsibility require 



Travellers and Travelling. 



68 1 



ecial care and convenience, and 
srhci ilua- 

without danger of loss or dam- 
I was in a ear once with one 
of these lonely gentlemen, and he 
told roc he travel the 1st of 

January to the 23d Decern! 

The company of a wife is not con- 
sidered conducive either to 1 
or to profit; but their life must be 
dreary one, especially in Irelai 
•■■■: the accommodation on the 
railroads and in some of the coin 
hotels is not only very poor, but even 
dangerous to health. In England 
eve: 1 to heat 

their cars, which arc far below those 
:ml in Ireland, at 
least in winter, 1 have had to sleep 
in a room with a quarter inch of 
mildew dank and dark upon the 
walls. Persons travelling for pi 
sure, however, arc not generally sub- 

', as 
the localities frequented by toui 

. with what iced- 

ful for their comfort. 

Pleasure is, doubtless, the object 

of most travellers; but it includes 

much more than the word in 

.1 acceptance might imply. The 

1 in the mild, 

genial climates of southern Europe 

during the prevalence at home of that 

imtnable weather 

which sits on London like a plague 

during die autumn and winter. Some 

of them aho go abroad because they 

cannot afford to reside at home. 

They rev.-i in the atmosphere of 

Koine ami Naples — so mild that 

1 flowers deck the 

walls all through the wintry season. 

The sun is bright, while the weather 

not 10 mild as to interfere with 

balls, parlies, concerts, etc. ; and 

the wild I* 
the deer, with the mtoxical n 
■ores of the carnival, an to the 

interesting monuments of pagan and 



Chrii ound of 

diversion and entertainment peculiar 
to Italy. 

ic American tourist partakes of 
the same enjoyments, only that his 
pleasure is sometimes interruj 
and marred by the workings of 
practical and ever-active brain. I 
heard of one of our countrymen pay- 

1 moonlight visit to that noblest 
of ruins, the Coliseum, in company 
with a party composed of various 
nationalities. While they gazed in 
silent, entranced contestation M its 
dark majesty, with the rays of the 
pate planet making its black recesses 

Ic by contrast; wi pic- 

tured to themselves 100,000 fair wo- 
men and brave men seal cir- 
cuit, witnessing the bloody tragedy 
of the dying gladiator or the trium- 
phant martyr of Christ, the Yankee 
I his imprest I re- 

I, on reflection, that 'it 
thef large, but money might be in 
the 1 I 'twas only roofed in 

■hitewashi 
I need not go to great length to 
show the pk [Hog 

affords ; the delight which all I 
111 seeing new and places, 

customs, works of art, ruins of an- 
tiquity, cataracts, mountains, rii 
etc. — all of which have a wonderful 
jhtening one's heart, 
wearied by care; in purifying I 
strengthening the brain, dimmed and 
dizzied by labor, and filling us with 
pure and exquisite delight. Besides, 
many find in trrr. :roro 

the routine of fashion, and the pros- 
pect of that lingering pain which &>!• 
lows her severe, artificial, often pain- 
tnl enjoyments. In other countries 

1 arc not 

tappert with the usages of the tyrant 

.it home. has 

nor with the ways of 

her sistc; i ccausc no one c\- 






titers and Travelling. 



pects you to be au fati in customs 
not jour 0» can 

more shaft}, --i health 

is 1 inge. Hence, 

families broken down often I 
England and go abroad for econo- 
my's sake, thus obtaining freedom 
^fortune. 
The student of history and the 

tics is the one who finds most 

sure in visiting foreign lands. 
Every town, every river, plain, m 

range, Hid country, has an in- 
describable attraction fur him, and 
be ga^cs still charmed upon scenes 
which may very soon sate the cu- 
riosity of Other*, His pleasure is 
one which, it' you ate a R 
will appreciate; ami. if not, it would 

impossible for me to make you 
; d. Sec one of these writ- 
ing Lake George. His imagination 

en the water with the tliree hun- 
dred boats in which Montcalm ad- 
io the siege of Fort William 
Henry. He tees Leathe 
and Uncas plod >ugh the 

•t on their war-path, dropping 
silently :•>• night, 

ami putting ii i j thi i on* 

lien breath of 

■ the boshea OO '.he bank are 

, for their 

scalp:- ; stopping to cat and drink in 

the middle <•: ■ -t we 

! the Congress Spring at 
Saratoga. Let him gaze for tin: 

the coast of Ireland — what 
an interest lias that venerable 
■ ly land lor nim ! He at ( 
looks out for the ruined castles of 
her decayed nobility ; he seeks thirst- 
v a sight of those round towers 
which stand old bui fri A monumentt 

of i. "when Maladiy wore 

the collar of gold which he won from 
the proud invader"; and he remains 
alon< : on the iiei k Dg in 

sad m the scene that pre- 

sented itself long ago, when abbeys, 



., and * n»ned tk 
fair hiU-toj>i • 

companionless through Lc- 

busy streets— Dans' 

Coppcrficld, fber, 

passing and 

parts for his c Lei ha 

view the tall, white d 
and he secsCosar's ffc , hin{ 

tothecoi lire- 

calls the days of Catholic England's 
!atcst,muitary g .ry spot of 

.gait 
Jbr. 

two or tliree thousand ye.: 
the events of its ! 'Ve- 

toes of its glory, are present to hi 

i uore 
than their present phases to i 
sion to-day. He sees the tradcmiea 
of Flanders, the butchers, ha! 
weavers, smiths, combi i the 

liui 

battle of the Gold 
from the immense number of t 
arti- i liii the field, ; 

ing the number of pn 

re of knigl that 

bold dei. j^j 

came to invai 
upon the " vinecl.nl hills ol 

boyi ; atri 

laid back i;i tbc m ,:!*et 

of his heart In 
mountain-passes are crowned foe hi*, 
by the 

those others who, in the 
oi Catholic Switzerland, rose against 
the Austrian despot, and in a !. 
of 1,30a 

hirelings of tyranny at the battle of 
Morgarten. i L -oe- 

ratcs the soil consecrated by the 
Is of the citizen-soldier and mar- 
tyr of liberty, Andreas Ii 
Venice, be recalls tbc glories 
republican queen of the seas; whjk 




Travellers and Trat\ 



pleasure re 
heigh: ity of the popes, 

i of en- 

.5 over the localities, peo- 
•gain the streets and forums, 
jig all the heroes, poets, and 
I women of royal, repul 
rial, atid Papal Rome live their 
and do their great deeds over 
-ill for him, all for him. 
Ing or meditation 
me can the pleasure do 

the famou 
Df history, while the previous 
ng creates the desire and pre- 
ues for the 

St all students like so much to 
J, and to travel on foot. 
hose who travel expensively 
a great deal of the benefit and 
t»t of tr.r.vi. The ma > 
s are filled with English and 
ily those who 
rank and demand that 
juiousness abroad to which 
Id not aspire at home. 
y of them arc very ign 
tiie waiters, for their 
longrel kind of E 
h is simply unbearable when 

The 
1 ; and, 

| i ■, u I | 

college French, German, on 

in, they insultingly reply in 

own tongue, as if to spare you 

further exhibition of your ig- 

ncc, and because their avarice 

m more anxious to learn 

lish than that you should ac- 

: a foreign tongue. 1 

of these once how 

a 1 was to pay the hackman. 

•n was in German, his 

i was on the 

iving thirty six cents for 

lesson 1 gs hi our Ian- 

e,as he told me to give the man 

aor kxeutters instead of for- 



ty-cight, because he didn't know 

to translate achi uad ffia 
The tourist who, through hi 
ance of the language 
of di&pl. 

hot'.: i nothine, lan- 

guages, nothing of the 

ie, scarcely an : the 

cuisiru, but becomes a target for the 
attacks of interpreters lying 

ciceroni, and a host of hi 
who impose on him in proportion to 
his ignorance, and palm off false- 
hoods uu him suited to his bigg 
preconceptions on every lubject It] 
the drawing-room and at the table, 
he may as well be at home in Lon- 
don or New York, U far as language, 
habits, etc., are concerned, 
often leaves a count!} real 

knowledge of it than he had before 

The artist,- the student, the gentle- 
man bachelor, who stroll about fur 
their own :. and pay no un- 

necessary hoi i, Bhton or 1 

bug — these are the ones who d< 

i the novelty 
and con cus- 

toms, languages, and people, I 1 
i such person 

tvd- 

in omnibus or 00 
Germany, Switxciiand, and Italy. 
imks on to some 
known hotel in a place fifty miles 

V a 
knapsack with net or a feu- 

days, take ■ id perhaps a 

\> :i ;uul paper, and leisurely •■ 
the in: quo* 

tries, meeting a village every few 

re- 

uncut, or stay over night, 'litis 

• ■■cing a couiitr. ,; its 

language, cusi \xt- 

sonal observation, and not through 
the uncertain medium of hotel gi. 
And who would com 
strained formality of I »hi Ktlble 



63., 



tilers and Travelling. 



moving about to ihc glorious frcc- 
don The students of the 

Bflgl >gc at Koine used to 

travel thus two or three together 
during vacation, and spend the time 
delightfully. 

i visiting the ancient, interest- 
ing city of Nurnberg last August — 
its old ca.Mlc where the peace of 
Westphalia ma signed, and where 
many of the Western emperors re 

tions ; its oh! medixval houses, with 
six stories, under an oblique roof; its 
curious fountains ; and the residence 
'urcr — I entered a mag- 
aple ol oli I Catholic times, 
that of S. LawrctJ devoted 

to Lutheran worship. All the cru- 
cifixes, pictures, and statuary with 
the altars still remain; for Luther 
was a much more intelligent man 
many who imitated his rebel- 
lion. I was admiring the taberna- 
cle of marble tracery, which readies 
from tlve pavement seventy feet tip 
to the roof along one of the pillars, 
and is the most exquisite piece of 
poetl ;.e I ever saw, 

when my attention was drawn to 
two students, boys of sixteen ot 
seventeen, who were likewise rial 
the church. They were very plai 

■ univer- 
sities are free in Europe, and 
conduct only is required as a condi- 
tion of membership. On their backs, 
they had knapsacks with straps com- 
ing over the thouli contain- 
ing i :i change of clothing, 
while the long German pipe was 
seen stuck into the bundle. They 
carried sticks in their hands, and one 
had a guide-book, and was reading 
therefrom, and pointing out to bb 
companion the objects of interest ex- 

ig in the church. I watched the 
boys with great interest, and felt 

I happy they were in theit simple 
nets and pure friendship — happy 



in the possession o Knowledge more 
than if they had the Kothschfldt 1 
wealth or Bismarck's power; they 
were in love with .-. bed to 

i, and "-.dependent 
world. Walking about afterwards 
round the great moat and cutwcs 
turreted walls of this own. I 

came across my two friends *ea«d 
on a bench in the shaded, turf-sti 

made whti pan of tie 

city, taking their frugal meal of tie 
inevitable sausage and brown ureal 
of the country. Thus they strolled 

from town to town, 
plainly their meant 

— the Imp, of son 

trou — required, bat happy 
banquet which their own eruditioB 
and friendship provided. I hare 
seen many travellers, and they hare 
longer or shorter in ray 
run; of tat 

indents of Nurnberg will re- 
main with me always. 
Among those who travel we 

i icludc that class so numer- 
ous in our own day in propor- 

:-asc of the . 
of the supernatural — those a 
satisfy their devotbi ly pla- 

ces. The sight of pcrso: 
ties associated with supernatural 

or with the lives 01 
whose he: ty we v-. 

impresses us be. 

half corporeal formation in a won- 
derful degree. I need not dilate oa 
this. It is the reason why, in all 
ludes have traversed 
land and sea, 

their lives in < Holy Land, 

Rome, Lorctto, Compostella. That 

obtained pleasure and sensible 
satisfaction you may easily imagine; 
and that they aided the faith by sup- 
to the locality ol 

thus kept up the strength of tradi- 
tion, cannot be denied ; but 1 wou'.l 



Travellers and Travelling. 



hose whose responsible care 
mily or office, whose want of 
s or leisure, pro I as- 

»g the pilgrim's scrip and staff, 
the words of Thomas a Keni- 
Qui multum peregrimintur, raro 
fi«mtttr. 

ere is so much to distract one 
ic strangeness and novelty of 
;n p] much disturbance 

Id in one'-. of lift, that, 

tile, one is likely to come home 
minded i edifying 

when he set out. However, I 
bear witness to an exception, 
•h it is not calculated to be an 
pic for any one here. It is 
of a Frenchman, a youth of 
y, dressed in the national 
e (as a duster in the cars over 
cut suit of Mai om I met 

ie way to the famous shrine of 
dea His faith was so simple, 
odesty so perfect, his tongue so 
■hi (to use :m I n< l: :i 1 1 idiom), 
I felt that the true ( 
emanly no matter to what class 
Ktety he may belong. I was 
lunded and ashamed when 1 
larcd my ope with 

nd knew that (or the first til 
Irevted a man who had never 
hed the atmosphere of heresy 
unbelief, who had never felt a 
t or recognized a difficulty rc- 
ng the truths of religion or the 
i beliefs of Catholics. Reflect- 
m the difference between what 
nued "the world" in all the 
eitcdncss of its ignorance, 
class whom he rtpmcptcd, I 
I not • that God should 

• his preference for the simple, 
ful people even by the most 
mdo lea, However, he 

still in France. Were lie on 
Lmcrican railr be might 

i allowed some of the mire of 
rorld to adhere to his garments. 

not rest long on the subject 



of the I.ourdes pilgrimage, as the en- 
tire press has reed to notice 
it, and has given full reports of the 
appearance of the shrine, the gatl 

and the wondrous 
works, Although the people of the 
i .: said tu be gradually losing 
theii simple, amiable qualities, on ac- 
count of the enlivened trade and 
the continual sequent 

on the arrival and departure of per- 
haps a thousand strangers daily in a 
village of 3,000 inhabitants, yet we 
could not help remarking the piety 
of the matrons, the modesty of the 
maidens, and the sti wardncss 

of the men — characteristics more re- 
to us than the breezes com- 
dosro (rom the passes of the 
Pyrenees. It is delightful to gel out 
of an artificial state of society, and to 
sec men and women as God made 
them. I will have occasion to refer 
to this subsequently whoa I 

of the Irish people. '! 
of Lourdes, whom God I 
manifestation, arc poor hut not slov- 
enly, simple bat not uncouth, com- 
paratively illiterate but not igno- 
rant. Ed not at nil 
patible with ignorance of reading 
and writing; while barbarism is not 
mii i mud united with these acci- 
dental accomplishments. 

One evening, having prayed at 
the famous grotto, which was m 
exquisitely decorated with candles 
supplied by the pilgrims, we strolled 
toward a fartudiouse, and, seeing 
some peasants just finishing their 
day's labor, stopped and addressed 
them. I/>rd Chesterfield would 
have been charmed to ease 

and grace with which the farmer 
task, and inquired our 
KUro. His conversation was 
pure, straight, nnd full of faith. He 
spoke of things miraculous just as he 
did of other events, evidently not 
thinking how people can question 



086 



Travellers ntt/l Travelling. 



God's power, or wonder at his good- 
id been one of I 
jo who at times witnessed the 
;-ttc; and, niter 
he saw, he concluded : 
BU, who ever visits that 
grotto treads blessed earth." 

d complimented him 071 the 
purity of his language, and the 
iwn us. am 

rcc expected 
1 one in I i cmploy- 

v,"uid h:- dcb, 

m and good grace 
out of the world, after all, what is 
for?" We were 
sere spoke a French- 
man 

are a nation of 
gentl poor 

: e pleased 
with and conju uon, 

as <. I lor his 

1 mother. 
A fnpet of tfe 1 of travel- 

er pleasure, it was very beauti- 
tch from a height the pil- 
grims. 1.500 in nui iing 

hillside to the 
grotto. First eanx m bearer 

; the crucifix shining in the 
then the women and children in the 

the 
inli. 1 the region 

ihem bore li indies; others 

carried baskets on their arms and 

others had jars contai 
wine for their lunch, or intended to 
lie iculous water. 

Thej the Litany of Loretto, 

some priests alon ks direct- 

ing, as they walk inble file. 

After these came the men ; then the 
altai ! thirty or 

fort;. liber j then the clerics, 

priests, and canons in their robes; 




ip of r 
in sarre<i ^vestments, who h 
come 

:vored by the Irani 

I never before saw the 
sion, "The bishop and his flock." 
more perfectly illustrated. 

We were ]' 
the behavior o: 

h — a beautiful marble s& 

B rock, under the side tf 

the waves of 1 fig rirer 

had formed the gT' -f had 

of the superstitions rei 
of Mahometans nor the cold de- 
cency of Protestann ed with 
that quiet t ike rem; 

teriro 
well reare I children in ll 
titer's house . 
performing theu 
tense 1 

ism before the gro 
sweet level bank ol 1 which 

•:•«* of 
Christian recreation, began thi 

rich. 

So • rvent CatkOlio 

with the wonderful works of GsA 

who can tal . 
when the commuoion thai 

ndcd found no diffi 
cent relaxation after 
respects ai *% witnessing ■* 

acles at thi msecrated by tlx 

me of t!u 'f the fit 

Hans, and of the feast we school-bop 

long ago, after 
our retreat with receiving the borli 
of Ja 11 could rwtttf 

acknowledge that these people «e* 

likely to be favored wit 
natural manifc 

1 " Unless you l>er 

II not enter if« : 
the kingdom of heaven." 






.:«» n o»m NIXT NUMMJL 



The Canadian Pioneers. 



687 



THE CANADIAN PIONEERS. 



r»oM rac inrni or m. l'uu ca»..- 



1.— nrrRoiT. 
Ake you familiar with that fertile, 
lauj. 

torical souvi 

was first trodden by 0111 
anr you familiar with 

e green ami undulating prairie*, 

e<l by m and 

: ias, in ti 1 of which ri 

brilliant in youth and prospective 
gre;' city of 

roit? 1 1 you wish to enjoy 1 
the enchanting picture that this 
scnts — whose 
; the 
Italian sun— ascend the Detroit Riv- 
er ■•• ■■■ hen 
Aurora h r dewy 
over these vasl I when the 
bright May sun has thro* 
minous rays through the tram 
ent mists 01 morning. Nowhei 

re a clearer sky or n 
nature. Nowhere arc the h ■ 

i of the blue dis- 

llcrc arc « 
uncultivated sites, romantic 1 
scapes, little wooded like 

ba.-.i ire, all re-echoing 

mocking laug 
of birds. Pretty promontories whose 
round arms encircle gulfs full 
shadows and sur.'.ight ; whose waver, 
caressed by I icse warm 

ilong the share a fringe of 

r foam. Hills and valleys, 

: with luxuriant verdure, m 
themselves in the neighboring wave. 
On 

along, covered with pebbles or fine 
gray sand; •■ embroidered 



like turf, or 
1 tall reeds, crowned with li 

. rs perch, Bight at 

rmur* 
ioo wcry 

arcbes of inn ■ 

tiny paths, edged with 

and forget-me-nots, wind over the 

* of the hill; ■ 
the; freih spring z< rabies on 

the green m 

the ait v. ith a delii ions fr 
Tlic thousaml confined noises of 
the I the rustling fbh' 

the war! 
humi 

aiul tin- distant ai < of 

the bells of the Steamers that ply 
along the river, ascend to 

time through :: an 

and 
through the | 

retry lilt!:: fill 
stretch along the shore, > 1 

the:: 

or again on the D, or 

nit like t 
I'in.i]);, you arrive at I . with 

its steeples and roofi g in 

the tunli 

constantly .-.; I or leaving 

its quays, fun 

every dii W ire 1 a j>oet, 1 

would com]) 

this country. 
. 
the rashes on the river's bank, shi 

rhite V , and 

showers around a and 

down ; or, better still, to the stately 






Tht Canadian Pioneers. 



magnolia growing on tbe banks of 
the stream, • ben, shaken by the 
aromatic broth of the rooming 
brertc. it cover* the »«« in > 

ri»nsi with the fertile dust of 
corolla. 

tux rtoxxxz. 
Founded in tbe year 1700, by 
M. .!c U Mitthe-Caml' it re- 

nwuoeU few a Iocs time under the 
-Khan government. It was taken 
ll* English in 1760, and ten 
to their rmwctskn 
of iSii. Then the United States 
became the happy possessor of this 
; counts > arle- 

1 atled •• the garden 
-wi." says the Canadian 
M preserved, in spite of 
meter* 

tbe language of a larg. 1 f its 

I. ike all the cities found- 

;ieat people — 

1 whose genius arc 

* — Detroit is 

favorable 

and 

Ltd the year 

fat from 

iht flourishing aspect 

Milder to-day. 

rt surroui 

nd a stockade 

> .ma- 

1 the 

was the ad- 

and 

lit 1 instantly exposed 

nod 

1 colonists bad 

1 land, which 

Ltivate at the risk 

M in 

■ 1 in the other; 

1 ml ■, iii d, to the 

... ■. r*i m. r. x. c.r. 



right, to the left, everywhere ^ 
dentess, everywhere interminab!-. 

. whose gloomy shades com . 
multitudes of beings a thousand times 
more cruel, a thousand times mure 
ble and to L<i. toast 

the wild bej 

shared .. 'inebrious shelter. 

It is ea 

indomitable courage these hard;, 
necrs possessed who dared 

: plant the .am 

in tb se distant 

in the face of such 
perils. One of the gra 
tha- 

presents, after the sublime figure of 
the missionary, is that of the Caai- 
dian pioneer. He is the father of 
the strongest race that has beca 
implanted on the American ci 

— the Canadian race; 

U ever flored 

uman veins, flows through I: 
the French 1 
the continent the 1 
is to be foun 
be traced by his bloo : 

ugh Nor 
Bay to the Gulf of Mexico, Com 
Halifax to Sj: ibe 

snows of the 

golden sands of California, along 
All nd on the moss- 

:hc Rocky Mo 
tains, you will find the print of 
footsteps. An insatiable 
sumes him. Onward! is 1; 
word e only re x 

! cached the goal of his ambinox 
But it il not alone the love of 
lure nor the •■ 
that stimulates hi::i 
bier ambition utges him on, a n 

mate instinct an 
guides him. He has a ac- 

h— a mysterious apostlcship 
Turn for a moment to the p., 
our history, 
accounts of the Jesui 




The Canadian Pioneers. 



689 



throughout 

tied -eal 

of the savage, 

ng a way for ihe miwionaries 

rote efforts, and fre- 

most 

etful conversions. We 1 

I in lam the three guiv: 

of manhood: [ rer, 

r. Priest] — by ins ardenl piety, 

l'cl> • llit; Sal' 

1 of i!* and obdu- 

• fakh cii- 

eulcmeist*. Was there ever a 

admiral ;hood ? I 

J— powerful axe the 

forests fall with a crash around 
in.l his plough track*, ihrou 
dlen trunks, the furrow where 
recn germ of ihe fu vest 

ion begin t.i tremble. Soldier! 
years of mortal combat, he has 
letcd the soil that his hand cul- 
b. Ah! were I only an a: 
tec i noble figure 

» triple character of priest, I - 
, and soldier. In the back- 
id of the picture, imn. 
in . savage grandeur; 

t,thi be- 

l the cli In the 

round, a portion of the ^reat 
with its emerald waves spark- 
it the sun. On one side, an 
of ^m- 

un.> ;, whence rise 

u little belfry surmounted I 

On the other 9ide, 
ns 1. aid the edge of 

rood. The centre-piece would 
y brave pioneer, his eyes flash- 
sic I breeze, 

ram 1 
irhii 'tar 

1 JS his gun, 
, from a re- 
lic would 
iiirh' :er of b; 

and dy- 
nci. had just con- 

VC 4 



verted to the faith. Oh! h:v.v Could 
1 attempt to paint this vigorous 
lie in the various attitudes < 
:'.ii his ir 
1 
of the man of the lieidh 
blc courage of the soldier, ami the 
isiasm of the priest! 
ly, this picture WOfl 
woi: ■■ pencil of a Rnlicns or 

:•. Uichad An >ur- 

| 
the I er. It is Cuv 

natus, the soldier- laborer, become a 
Christian. It is the Spartan 

combs. The Canadian reader who 
perns 

noble pride, for the blood that 
flows through his veins ii the blood 
of heroe?. He can look attentively 
at the pain of his band, and see 
there still the motion of earth, of 
powd »f the priesthood. The 

pioneer has nobly filled ion: 

yours remains to be accomplished. 
A people to whom God has given 
such ancestors is r ned 

:nlly 

these te. 

to venerable heads, and return 
to our story. 

111.— EVENING 

At the remote period which we 
describe, the fur trade of Dr 
immense ; and the Indians, aided and 
eneoi ■■■ the- facili ich- 

ing there, came in great 

ling 
espeditioi Na- 

tives from the \ 1 
quo: 

and . I others. M. Jacques 

I)u Baby was at that time 

.11 superintend "it. 

was an extremely important and 

isition at that period. 



690 



The Canadian Pioneers. 



M. Baby had realized a handsome 

fortune there IB a few yean. Almost 

nd on which the Detroit of 

; then owned, by 

him and a M :her 

r cr.il M :lo command- 

on of the American troops 

ng the war of iSu. At the 

.ar, the entire property 

of M. Baby was a 

sequence of his political «>pti: : 

which were declared in favor of 

I mm the United Stales. 

mansion stood in the a 
of the fort, surrounded by a beautiful 
garden. Having luxurv -, he 

embellished it with all the require' 
ments of refined tad cultivated life. 
The garden was on raised ground, 
surrounded by a sodded terrace; the 
bouse ttood in the centre, half con- 
led by a . aaple, 
■ bich waved 
Daringly over its 
nber of birds, sometimes 
den in the branches, sometimes 
Hying through the air, crossing, pur- 
suing each other, describing a thou- 
sand bewildering circles, abandoned 

u selves to joyous song, ■■ 
little naunear,* < itg on the 

chin mingled his shrill, 

harsh cry with thcii melodious vo 
It was evening. The List rays of the 
setting sun colori-i! with rOK and 
saffron tints the tops of the forests. 
heal bad been intense through- 
out the day. The evening breeze, 

nong the roses, dan 
and flowering eglantine, refreshed 
exhausted nature deliciously, and 
. the air with the roost in- 
toxicating fragrance, l ta was about 
in the guden, and the 
■ was most invitingly 
with tempting viafidl and lovely 
Bowers. The superintendent and his 
family wetc seated aiound ; a young 

• Cti'mocr-sivkllow. 



officer who had been several months 
invited to job 
the family part] red ser- 

vants waited most ai . at the 

repast " What a charming evi 
said the officer — he was a haedtaex 
young man, with light hair, 
and expressive features, and rather* 
There was a proat 
intelligent expression in his 
eyes, and yet at tin net buy 

vague and dreamy, 
tinucd, " I have never seen anything 
in Italy more delightful than this; 
such a climate, and such ra< 

ich fine effects of light anil 
shade! Look there along the 
son, and at those He :;whidi 

float throuj 

seinble a - arf fringt 

purple and goli 
"It is indeed a magnificent eten- 
rcplie<l the superintendent 
'• We really enjoy a \ CUBUM 

in thi ry. 1 ban 

never seen anywher. 
more transparent atmospher 
nature so grand ; but, agaitist all of 
this, we arc deprived of i 
the luxuries and comforts of 
country, to say nothing of the cno- 
i which we arc eipcs- 
ed from lite Indians; fur we are os 
the utmost limits of civil italic*. 
You. who have just left the i 
shores of Europe, can scatcely foes 
iy of these bar- 
barians. Life is indeed very screw 
in this new 

"Yes, I hi i wife, whose fine phy- 
siognomy indicated I iurcecf 
character ; " it is only a few years tp 
that 1 was obliged to do sentinel duty. 
■ ■• entrance of die fort 
with a gun in my 
nun were cultivaaag 
the fields around it."* 

Theconvei ishereiniempV 

• r»«. 



The Canadian Pioneers. 






y one of the servants, who came to 
that a stranger was waiting to 
the superintendent and his wife, 
y all arose from the tea table. 
You look very sad this evti:. 
lemobclle," said the officer. 
sing a young girl of sixteen or 
teen years of age, and who, from 
rong resemblance, could be casi- 
-ecogruted as the daughter of 
Baby. •• What can have happen* 
to fall on 
brow; while all arc smiling 
i i cart seems full of 
On? It is almost impossible 
anyone could contemplate tbti 
ly scene, and not experience a 
ng of interior peace. Nothing 
ompletcly tfcwildera me like an 

this kind This gra. 
nojiy of light and | for 

full of a mysterious into* 
Alas !" said the young girl, " a 
I ago I too could have cu- 
tis scene; but to-d 
:, rvcry object is covered with B 
real palL This beautiful 
e green fields, the flowers and 
, these vermilion roses, which 
m your sight, ill I 

I see blood everywhere." 

r, "what 
ortune can have happened to 
?" 

Oh I only a few hours ago, I 

eased ng scene 

it i :.'lc to imagine 'it. 

nnoi i ■:n,:u\ mind, 

is tract my thoughts in the li 
i the shocking sped* le, Hut 1 
it not to distress you by this sor- 
ul recital, l 

y tranquilly these hours that 
d you so much ; 
Continue, continue," exclaii 
Lelatc to me this tragic si 
ipinc« is often so rl we 

lid always ha. atpathies 

y for the sorrows of 
he young girl then continued: 



" Hay before yesterday evening, a 
party of In I ited 

• into the fort to sec my father; 
they hrought with them a young 
gill, whom they had captured several 
days before. Ohl if you could only 
have seen the despair on her coun- 

nccl Poor child, her clothes 
were in rags, her hair bung in tan- 
gled masses, and her face was .ill 
scratched and bleeding, She did 
not utter a complaint, nor did she 
weep ; but stood with fixed eyes, 
mute and immovable .is a statue. 
We might have bdieved her d 
but for a alight trembling of the line 
that betrayed the life I 
visible. It was a fearful light I 
have never ■ like it. 

it misfortune) arc like severe 
wounds; they dry up our t-.-ars as 
terrible and Budden i rrest 

blood in our veins. I 

: situation, my 

t and DO] le her come in 

and stay in our room through the 

itj but we did not deceive o-.ir- 

.s with i. ' i hope that 

hing could be < bet 

for we knew too Well the 
Character Of these savage.?. Never- 
theless, we tr: tain her with 
a little h lething might 
possibly be done. Perhaps out fa- 
ther could succeed in inducing the 
Indians to let her go. At last she 
lually recovered fi tate 
of stupor, and told us her sad, sad 
story." 

IV— Av 

■• I h ," said 

she, "near Kurt Wayne with my mar- 
ried sister. One mom.: her 
husband was at work in | 
several Indian out 

•re ii jour husban 
they inquired rooghly of i 
' He is at Fort Wayne,' she replied, 
frightened by their sinister as\ 






Tkt 




they went oat again. FaD of anxiety , 
we frAowed them with oar eyes for 
tone ti me. ' O tar God ! seer,* ex- 

ae»l I, trembling,* I ta so fright- 
ened, so terrified. Let us fly: these 
savages appear to me to be met" 
tag same dreadful act I am c.-io- 
viaced that they wul return.' V. 
oat paying any attention to my 
words, sbe continued to watch them 
aa they went off in the direction of 
Fort Wayxe. Tee road which they 
toot: lay only 2 short distance from 
the plicr where her hasbaod was 
quietly at work, not harms; the 
slightest idea of the danger that 
threatened him. Fortunate!;, a 
damp of trees bid him from their 
sight. We began to breathe more 
freely, lor they had now gone be- 
yond the field; bat suddenly one 
of them happened to torn around. 
'They have discovered him I they 
hare discovered 1 c-ked my 

sister, almost tainting with terror. 
And really they had aO stopped, 
were looking in the direction where 
Joseph was stooping down, gather- 
ing op the branches of a tree which 
be had just cat down. He had no 
su spicion of danger. Toe Indians 
concealed by the trees, were now 
only a short distance off. Suddenly 
we beard the report of a gun, and 
Joseph fell to the ground. Be 
iag him dead, they advanced bol 
bat the ball had only grazed his 
bead, and be was stunned for the 
moment. He quickly recovered 
himscU; and, making a breastwork of 
the branches of the felled tree, seized 
his gun, and in an instant two of 
them were stretched stiff corpse 
the ground. The others, alarmed, 
made a precipitate retreat toward 
the edge of the woods, and then a 

k firing commenced on both 
sides. Joseph was a fine marksman ; 
at each shot, he disabled an enemy. 
Three had aire- en. We 



P im mm. 



awaited, in an agony of apprehension, 

result of the mortal com 
which would n been iio 

had it been only an ordinary encar 
that the savages had to con: 
Bat Joseph wts a formida! 
sary. He fired rapidly, reloading ha 
gun with the most perfect 

e balls were whistlb.' 
aroun d h"*i Placing the morale of 
his gun between the branches, k 
made the sign of the cro- 
brsast at the moment of ta". < 
then, pulling the trigger, we cou- 
another Indian less. J 
saw a new victim fall, I co.. 
repress a trcroc: | sepVs 

m Erring bail ha I ju.-.: r.:n:ri; a fimrth 
enemy. We began , when 

we discovered one of the savages 
creeping along on the . 

> serpent could luvr 
:.iore cunning or ad- 
ihOUt shaking a 

leaf, he appraackel 
slowly ; at .'oncealing bna- 

self behind a little knoll, then unde? 
a thicket 01 ily exposing 

himself when he saw Joseph bury 
taking aim. 

slept of him witl 
seen. Then, st waicpi 

i reloaded bis go. 
tpecting the danger be- 
hind i 
shoulder to take aim ; then 1 

I wer it 
around. He had heard a 

in the bushes near him. He 
raised his head and i 
instant, then i 

ud then toward the 
perceiving anything ; ■ avatf 

ng flat on the 
inches. I 

r,a raised 
take a 
Indian, with an infer 

Joseph was pi 



The Canadian Pitmttrs. 



enemy, he brandished his 
3rd. a last 
an l" | iseph had also fall- 

Uruck to the heart by tlic cow 
•nd. The ided 

ealp him. aft' he plun- 

d him of his clothes, in which 

V.— ION. 

Pan! h horror and fii 

;hought no longer of saving our- 
is. My sister, in her des 
icd lu-r baby to her betrt, and 
v herself at the foot ol ft CXt 
1 she seized in her hai 
tnotely covered it with tears and 
s, while I, too, utterly overcome, 
v myself on my knees beside her, 
mingled my tears and prayers 
hers. I'oor mother! she did not 
ble for herself, hut for her rhild — 
dear little an lov- 

tenderly, whom she so ador- 

It was indeed a beautiful babe, 

:ely eighteen months old, ami 
aire l nma.* 

ny Coil!' cried my 
sobs,' if I must die, I willingly 
opm; . oh ! save my 

'.f Then, embracing i:, and bath* 
i in her tears, ah id it 

er heart, and sank to the floor 
. Although more dead than 

myse f, I tried I 
had her in my arm--, when Jo- 
's murder : , followed by 
:rucl : m- 
g a word, he advanced toward 
hd •. . tiatched the child 
its mother. She had not heard 
i enter the room, but, when th ■•>• 

the child away from her, she 
dcrcd and suddenly recovei 
ioosciousness. The savages, ex« 
•ated at having lost seven of 
comrades, now only thought of 

1 and,vengeancc. The assassin 

h, holding inn's 

Led at it with the di.. 



ssion of a serpent char: 

ing him. It 
was an angel in the grasp of a dc 
mon. The I 
alone could have langhed as he d 

baby, as if to supplicate his ; 

id also, with that angelic expres- 
sion of in uld have 
moved the most hardened and obdu- 
rate of hearts. But he, seizing it by 
the leg. whirled it round for an in- 
stant, and then — oh ! horror !— d 
ed its head against the I e of 
the huge stove. Its brains spattered 
over ■ ice. Like a l 
she ■ ; it the murderer of her 
child. Maternal love gave Iict 
superhuman strength, and, seizing 
him by the throat, she buried her 
Gngi ii flesh, lie tottei 
his face turncil btftck, and 

heavily to the Ro ! by 

the strength of her desperate grt 
She would have undoubtedly vtran- 
glcd him. had not anoth ■- at 

that instant BtrUck her a blow on the 
head it My | 

r death was indeed s 
one, but her agony only lasted a 

moment— hei .led, 

and she is DOS I I — 

what will become of me? You see 
the condition that I am in. 
Bay God 1 have pity on i 
And tl: girl, wringing her 

hands in despair, threw ^ob- 

■ her 
heart, and implored me not 
don her into the hands of these bru- 
tal savages. But, oh ! what is more 
beart-brc i to witness mis. 

fortune without the power of alle- 
viating it ! We spent the I 
weeping and trying to encourage her, 
but I could not help feeling at the 
time that it was cruel to inspire her 
with a confidence that I had not; for 
I knew these savages too well. 1 knew 
that the monsters never abandn 

then vii tiius. The n my, foitas 



tried in every nay to conciliate them, 
and then interceded in behalf of the 
young captive. He offered any 
amount of ransom for her, but in 
vain; nothing would tempt them, 
effects of the liquor had not en- 
tirety worn off, antl they were sullen 
and obstinate. My father used in 
turn prayers and threats to move 
them ; but neither presents, prayers, 
nor threats could rescue her from their 
merciless l"hc wretched girt 

threw herself at their feet, and, 
bracing their knees, besought them 
10 her supplications; but (be 
monsters only replied to her entrea- 
ties by bursts of laughter; and, in 
spite of her prayen, and sobs, and 
supplications, they carried her off 
i them.* 

iv, looking 
sorrowfully at the young officer, •• .ire 
yon i now at my Itdo 

and that I could not smile and be 
gay after having witnessed such a 
scciv 

•' The demon 1" exclaimed the offi- 
cer, stamping his foot in horror and 

"Thisinfanic.;i 
thirsty race should be exterminated — 
exterminated to the last man. Why 

bis sooner? Ye 
day, a I'otawatamie came to my quar- 
ters to sell some furs. He asked three 
times as much as they were worth, and 
I declined buying them. He hung 
around for some time, annoying me 
very much, until I finally ordered him 
Hen-fused to do so; then, 
1 patience with the fellow, I 

ear, and, lending him to 
the door, I kicked him out. He went 
away muttering, and threatening me 
with his knife. I had a stick in my 

hand, and I now regret that I did 
not knock him down." 

" How imprudent!" laid the | 
girl. " You ought not to have provok- 

• A Oct She w»» never new J of aftei wai d*. 



cd that Indian ; don't you know tliat a 
savage never (< i 

may wander around the fort for i 
year, spying all of > c-rneats, 

<»s, track! 
iing in the woods 
and among the rushes in the river, 
until an opportunity offers, and he 
pproach with all the finatt 
"iiningofascrpi. g ape* 

you like a tiger, and strike 
death-blow, when you least expect 
it. I see that you gi 'ay out 

of the fort to fish on the b.-.: 
the river. I advise you not to go 
any more ; it is not safe, and some- 
thing terrible might happen to yon." 
" Pshaw !" said the young officer, 
"you are loo timid, 
■ 
r of warriors belonging to his 
they were going to Quebec to 
sell the furs, which they coud 
dispose of here." 

VL— THE DlCAlf. 

The clock in the talon hn 
struck one. Mine. Itaby and her 
daughter were seated sewing i 
deep recess of an open window, «ilh 
a little work-table in front of litem. 
M. Baby had gone away that mow- 
ing, to look after some land that fce 
had just bought on t 
the river. s were deserted; 

nearly all tii<- inhabitants of t . 
were at work in the fields in the 
vicinity. The heat was intense. 
Not a breath agitated the trec= 
garden, whose motionless branches 
drooped languidly toward the eartk 
as if imploring a refreshing I 
or a drop of dew. A negro serratf 

iigsorae lii 
on the bushes, and put : 
her pi :.>ns, SOOIC tii 

that were panting with the 
under the sheltering foliage of the 
trees and shru'; 
only broken by the buzring of insects, 



The Canadian Pioneers. 






the noisy whirr of the grasshop- 
is it danced through the sunlight, 
open window, filled with \ 
s, looked into the garden, and 
pale, of Mile. 

1<1 be teen between tin 
ling over an open flower which 
•cd her loveliness ia it* fragrant 
lla. " Mamma," said she :it 
raising her head, " do you think 
a long time?" 
nk lie will be back in four or 
days at the latest," replied her 
ter. ■• Bui why do yon ask such 

Oh I because I am so anxious 

»ve him back again. I want 

to take us immediately to 

bee, instead of waiting until 

month, 'l he trip will divert my 

ghts; far, since those lmii.n-; 

re the other day with tb.it 

• girl they had captured, I i 

had a moment's piece of mind. 

is always before my eyes. I sec 

everywhere ; she follows me 

re. I even saw her in my 

in last night I thought 1 was 

tg i:i niv and 

I over a prei ij 
a bottomless chasm a few steps 
i me. On th ;c bank, 

A was covert . and 

minr !, stood the young 

pale and tranquil, in a halo 
>ft, transparent light She wem- 
to be in another world. She 
i in her hands an open book, 
, bending towards me. she slowly 
cd over the lei IS tinned 

Bail sixteen ; then she stopped 
i me with an expression 
he greatest sorrow and distress, 
made a sign to some one, who 
i seemed to be standing near 
to cross the torrent At the 
al, all hi-w limbs trcni 

» knocked 

ted, his mouth gasped with terror, 



and a cold perspiration stood upon his 
forehead. He tried to draw n 
but an invincible power drew him 
toward thcab> - ; toward 

me, and besought my help most 
pitcously. lexperi 

radon (be him, a 

in v.un tO extend my hands to I 
; invisible cords bound all 
limbs, and prevented any movement 
whatsoever. Vainly he tried to cling 
ic cliffs along the shore; a re- 
lentless force impelled bin towards 
the abyss. He had already reached 
the middle of the stream, whose 
deep and foaming waters ro u 

Ltient to swal- 
low him Dp. He tottered at every 
step, anil i -aili- 

:n; but, rallying hit strength, he 
•led on. At last a gnat wave 
broke over him, and he lost his 
balance. His feet slipped ; he looked 
toward ton with ■ glance of the 
most inexpressible anguish, and fell. 
In an instant, he was borne to the 
brink of the precipice; he threw out 
. and grasped at a piece of 
that jutted out of the water, 
burying his fingers in the green 

moi i whii ii covered it. For 
an instant, he hung on with the 
strength" : bis body, stopped 

suddenly in its precipitate course, ap- 
peared (bran instant aboi vet 
The foam and spraj I it like a 
cloud, and tin-- wind from the fall blew 

Ugh Ins dank and dripping h 
ted eyes wen I on 

the rock, which little by little re- 
ceded from his convulsive g: 
Finally, with a terrible shriek, he dis- 
appeared in the yawn be- 
low, i with agony and 

tor, I looked across "Wig 

captive; bat ng a 

iped away a tear, and silent- 
ly pointed to tin- last page in the 
boo:. 'be 

covered with blood. 1 screamed 




Canadian Planters. 






alou . and awoke with .1 

will it be » page in 
e?" 

VU-— 81" 

Scat Mile. Baby finished 

(peaking, when the sound of hasty 
footsteps was heard at the door, 
and ;i man, covered with blood, and 
with a terrified look, rushed in. It 
was the young officer. His right 
broken, and hanging . 

"Hide me QoidrJy," cried he. «*J 

■m pursued by the India 

in the at: -aid Mine. 

Baby to him, •' anc irforjour 

In another moment, the savages 
had entered the room; but. be- 
fore they could say a word, Mmc. 
Baby pointed to the next street. 
they 

ing that the officer had escaped in 
that direction. IV.. admirable com- 
posure of Mine. Baby had com]. 
ly deceived them. Not a muscle of 
her face betrayed her 1 

n, and, hap- not 

• time to notice the mortal pallor 

girl, who, still leaning 

ami l un the window- 

fainled away. It 

was one of those moment 

pressiblc anguish when a chill like 

death strikes the heart. Mote. Baby 

hoped that ti»c savages, fearing the 

sup it, would not dare to 

\o the house: 

they 
did, ch who could foresee 
these barbarians, once having t- 
blood, might do? She hoped that 
fruitless efforts night End 
to alxa-: search, or. it 

1. that she would have 
obtain help, in case 
■ entered the house. Mak- 
ing a sign lOIK n .-is at 
work n . ■. she ordered him 



to run as fast as he couh 
men be": 

the danger wh. 

Some anxious minutes el 

the savages did not re 

I have really 
Bg girl, in a low 
I of hope appc 

her countenance. 

return,' 

nrerad '^aby, " • 

not dare . . f 

did not finish, but leaning l»l 
ward the windn ed to catdt 

the so human voices 

were heard i . Wax it the 

help that she expected, or wa 
voices of the Indians co-.: 
She could not distinguish. Tte 
sound drew nearer and neans 

ie more 

led. - i hey arc our men." 

imed Mile. Bal -.'tyns 

hear the barking of uur dog f Aadl 

■w a long breath of relief. miT 

:ivense weight had been 

her lieart 
Mme. Baby did not rephr 
faint smile played over her 

I >o, had heard the 
ing; but another noise 
knew only too well 

rs. Very soon 
becaui 
possible to be decei 

• they are, i 
shrieked the young : 

:iear the a •> the 

lored feathers with which the 
savage their heads ap- 

peared between tie trees. 
"Don't tremble so," 
Bab> in a quiet voice 
" or you will betray us. Look out of 
the window, and don't let them per- 
ceive your emotion." 

Courage and coolness at a critical 
moment are always admiral)! 
when a woman possesses the 
lities, they are Calm and 



Tke Canadian Pioneers. 



(itf 



without even ri 

work. The most 
could not have dttet 
lest trace of emotion. 
*h cxcitcmeii I 

ling and nobte conn- 

A heroine's heart beat in 
n's breast, and it was thus 
■ waited the arrival of the 
"Tell us where you have 
I the white warrior," cried 
ne who entered the i 

Potawatamic whom the 
cer had so imprudently of- 
le was dripping with pcr- 
iad obi of breath wil 

t could 
age aitd exasperation of 
Dt in his fer 

brOW, and the 
it that made every feature 

•ade," replied Mme. Baby, 
quil tone of voice, " you 

superintendent well ; 

c the misfortune to misbe- 
b house, you will get into 

lian hesitated a moment, 

in a feigned mildness of 

ily v. r knows that 

atan I i hat 

ak< . attack. The 

r ir> on the war-path, or 
would not have pur- 



not hidden the wliite war- 

ivcred Mme. Baby. "It is 

bad better 

• -ape yon." 

Ban did not reply, bat, 

.!>y with I 

a little stain on the floor 

it an Indian would 

vercd. Hut the sharp eye 

vagc had led there a 

I enemy. It wm a drop 

had 



carefully, 

the truth," said the 1: . an 

ironical tone. " The whfi 
not passed this wa\ ; tii.it drop of 
blood, I suppose, she put there to 
per- she had 

concealed the while warrior." T. 
assuming a more serious tone, he 
continued: "My sister, know well 

that the Potawatamrewill do (in white 

warrior no harm ; only show us 
where he is hidden, and we will go 
away; we only want to take him 
pris . . ." He stopped, and, beiv. 

bead forward, looked inron ;'i an 

i window at tl 

■:i, giving a 
lie rushed across the room, . 
i -d out of the window that op n 
cd into the garden. His 

;. anions followed him, howling 
like a troop of deiSOnt. Without 
seeing what had happen* :: 
Baby understood all. The yoi 
r. hearing the Indians retl 
and 

D jump out of one o| 
the windows into the garden. He 
ran toward a cow i in 

the centre of the parterre to I 
when the Indian perceived h 
Hon scribe the scene which 

wed f The p i my 

hand. I :.-, they I 

striking 1 I ible blow 

sent him reeling to the grouml. 
ii:- i, i! on his bn I the 

excruciating pain caused latin 
a deep groan. Tlicy then »■.. 
hold of him, and bound fa 
and feet. Poor youn- .hat 

resistance crmld he make t<: I 
enemies, with a broken arm, and to 
ibled and weakened by the 
loss of blood. He called for help, 
but the echoes in the gat 

■ red his cries, and radool 
the horror of the scene. Mi 
bereft of her senses, tlv i at 



698 



The Canadian Pioneers. 



her mother 1 ! feet, and, hiding her 
face on her knees, she covered bet 
ears with her hand*, Jo shut out, if 
, from sight and healing the 
While the rest of 
he savages were tying t 
own, the l'otavraumic drew out his 
bexxteljr commenced 
D a stone. His face 
betrayed no excitement whatever; 
not even the horrible pleasure of gra- 
tifying his vengeance, wh 
his heart to palpitate with an interna] 
joy, could change his stoical coun- 
tenance. "My brother the «hitc 
warrior, 

.: with the utmost coolness, 
U that he tan 

■the Potawatamie inity, be- 

cause the Fotawataiuic is a coward, 
and would rather run than fight. . . . 
Does my brothci now wish to make 
peace with Ins friend, the Pota 

u speak if he 

name his terms, for he Then, 

suddenly assuming a ferocious air, 

id, fix- 
on the young 
officer, said : " -My brother the white 
■ now ciicint liis death* 

And 
b . knife, he plan. 

into i. nolhez of 

oghtthe blood in a 

itlleeoppei kettle. The rest of the 

sav.-i. locked and stamped 

upon the body with the most infernal 
yells and < •nnrorjions. The dcath- 
i.itlle of the poor victim, nun 

with these howls, reached the care 
of the young giil, and the sin ink in 
a convulsion of honor. At last it all 

'l he victim bod been im> 
olatcil. Pushing aside the corpse 
with his foot, the Potewatanue, fol- 
lowed by his companion 
again toward the house. " Ha ! ha ! 
so you would not tell us where your 

■ white warrior, was ?" cried 
the Indian, as he entered the room. 




" Very well, since you love 
much, you shall drink his 

. Baby, pale as a marble 
drew herself up firmly, 
kill mc," said she, " but >• 
never make mc drink 

. girl had tainted, and w; 
ing at her m other's feet. 
hold of Mme. Baby, and 
force open her mouth ; I 

efforts, they threw the o 
of the vessel in hex face, and 
house.* 

vin.— THE SKS 

Several months had elapsed 
the events had taken place 
we have just ti ;.: It was 

In the centre of the 
black cross had been ere 
spot where the un- 
man had been massacred. N 
scriptioa revealed to the pass 
either the name of the ■•■ 
fatal circumstances ol 
it was written for ever in charactt 
blood on t 

Every evening, the sup* 
with his wil m, and sen 

assembled at the foot of this era 
pray for the repose of the soul 
unfortunate friend. On i 

ng, all the id as 

visited the irned 

. except the young 
dressed in deep mourn.: 

1 kneeling at the i 
sombre monument. She was 
pale, and there was an ex, 
the most ineffable sa< i 
The evening dew bad all 

urlcd her long rin 
now hung in i 
cheeks. You might 1. 
i tatuc of grief. Froi 

.caven above, the moon 
ed floods 'it melancholy light 
dream;. 11 oa the 

■rribta m ihii vtn« fc, It l» ear 
perfectly tme. even in iniuuleMi! 



Tke Canadian Puncers. 



6m 



he cross a=d oa the face cf 
z.g girl lie a thought from 
the taaii- — lie a silent and 
sigh from the ir.aoceat vic- 
is s memory ha i left so tea- 
si:— aishiag as impression ia 
L Her lips moved ia ardest 
-prayer, that celestial solace 
grief-stricken heart, the smiie 
it. gels through the tears of 
For a long time she thus 
held coinrc'jr.ioa with her 
eathir-.g out her prayers with 
id tears, as she knelt at the 
this cross, on the sod still 
nth the victim's blood. At 
rose, and was about to leave, 
aising her eyes for a moment, 
tight she saw a shadow mov- 
os5 aa opening in the wall 
ed near by. A cloud, at that 
t passing over the moon, pre- 
hcr from distinguishing what 
ect was. She waited a mo 
intil the cloud had passed 
hen what was her astonish- 
o see a human face in the 
c ! It must be a robber, she 
t, and yet she knew positively 
; gate was well secured. •' He 
d himself nicely caught when 
-vants come to lock up," said 
herself. By degrees, however, 
id was pushed more and more 
h the air-hole, and gradually 
:d from the obscurity. At the 
moment, the moonlight fell 
id full on the face. The young 
:ually shivered. She recogniz- 
but too well ; it was impossi- 
be mistaken. It was he; she 
ized perfectly his copper skin, 
rd, ferocious features, and his 
ish eyes, rolling in their sock- 
t was indeed the Potawatamie, 
irderer of the young officer.* 

first thought was flight, but 
incible curiosity fastened her 

>ni familiar with the Indian character 
i« their thieving propensities. 



to the spot. The I-. ;: .r- crct—ari 
to wcrk through — e ape it^ e; coe 
arm was already est. a=d r-e held 
something ia his Lit.! which she 
could T-o: ciscer-o. K; rvei :.t a 
long time to get thrcugr. :.-.e a.r- 
hole, which was t>o smill the hi 
body. Fisally, while making a lasc 
effort, he s-addealy turned ha hii.i. 
and fixed his eyes with n.-rr un- 
easy expression oa a L::le bass near 
him. He seemed usdeciied whai rj 
do ; then, letting go the o": jec:. he rest- 
ed his hand oa the groua i. azi. push- 
ing it against the earth with all his 
strength, tried to force himself -acs 
again through the hole. Rut his 
broad shoulders, compressed oa tv:h 
sides by the wail, held him lie a 
vice, and he could neither move one 
way nor another. Then his uneasi- 
ness increased, and he looked again 
anxiously toward the bushes. A slight 
rustling of the leaves was then per- 
ceptible, and a small head emerged 
slowly from the shadow of the 
branches, and extended itself toward 
the savage. It was a rattlesnake.* 
Immovable and with fixed eyes, the 
Indian watched the least movement 
of the reptile, which advai-.ced softly 
and cautiously, as if aware of the 
strength and power of his redoubta- 
ble adversary. When within a lew feet 
of the savage, it stopped, raised itself 
up, and, throwing out its forked tongue, 
sprang toward his face : but, before he 
could touch him, the Indian, as qui-:k 



* These reptiles were still so numerous id this 

part of the country not many vci:i agj that It 

was extremely dangerous to leave the windows 
open in the evening. My mother related that, 
while she was living at Sandwi.-h with her lather, 
one of the domest.es was impruderit en u^h t-> 
leave a window open. During the evvn-ng, thev 
had occasion to move a sidibvard wh:ch sio-h! 
against the wall, and a large snake wa< discov- 
ered behind it fast asleep. Another dav. when 
playing truant, a snake sprang u;«on her. and 
tried to bite her waist ; but happ lv her i lothei 
were so thxk that its tangs could not penetrate 
them. While she ran in great terror, her . .u:pan- 
inns railed to her to unt:e her ski:*.. And that 
advice saved her life.— Airiioa. 




The Canadian Pioneers. 




as thought, gave him a violent blow 
i the hand that was free, ami the 
lie Tell a short distance from him. 
began again to make < 

t in 
I lie snake, now furious. ad- 
cd a second time to recommence 
the attack, but with more ca>; 
than before. Apj Dear- 

er to his ( - threw him- 

.nee. but \ \ for the 

roc savage senr and- 

before. The 

iniie then 

strength for a fir cra- 

tion, but of no avail : he I 

:n the opening of the air-hole. 
ic reptile, now 
-it the mouth, 
eyes, anil jaws swollen with rage, his 
forked tongue extended . 

igth toward bu prey. 
II.. scaly skin gl item 
En tin- silvery light of the mm o, and 
the • l- made by his rattles 

resembled the rustling of p;i I 
and alone broke the the 

mortal combat in the 
>f night, between a serpent 
and a si the 

serpent, had U indocribuble fasci- 
in; it was more like a contest 
between two spirits, in the 

shail ht, over some unfortu- 

nate victim. 'Mic serpent no» ap- 
proached so near the Indian that 
he could almost have seized hira 
his hand; he r elf 

a last time, and, throwing back 
head, sprang forward. The 



sarage, guarding himself carefefif 
his one hai: 

i ■-■ 
the writhing body. It ■■■■ 
sec that the : bt had b- 

and could only terminate in the t 
iuishment of one or the oft* 
the combatants. At u 
the snake sprang like an arrow u 

hand : but this time the 
tie had been so rapid an 
his that, before he con 
a hlow, i had en-.' 

:rse cry died i 
in the throat of Ut 
; the serpent n i 

i <ape, r~ 

tb. A ■■ 
—the blow had been 
time after, the mo 
rible cries and fearful con. 

■ the ruoital venom 
had entered his veins. Thi 

i with ckipair in the mid* 
of his cm agony. It ww 

thought at : he had 

icd in getting out j 
. they found the bod;,. 

aperture of the air hole. His 
shot c . from 

:k as 
g mouth re 
niws of white teeth, to wh: 
die fragment* 
tile's skin, and flakes of bloc.i 
Icnce had indeed i 
avenged the assassination of uV 
young officer. 



The Jesuits in Paris. 






, * * ' 



THE JESUITS IN PARIS. 






J^IW ;' ,IiK 



,k in the direction of the 
hough now as ever i 
Faubourg St. Germain is 
ly 01 > non-fashion- 

mi would ordinarily choi 
the Rue de Sevres in that 
lold out m- 

; for a I r to 

t- 

er, it was to the Rue de 
it, on the 18th of Jam: 
icnt my steps; for at one 
recisely I had an appoint* 
eep there with a Father of 
vgiiie ile yiiut ; and No. 
at street is the society's, 
ters. 

cd I Pont 

ml soon (bund myself in the 
try of the faubourg — the 
rn Rue du Bac I spla- 
i omnibuses that seemed dc- 
to do their best to destroy 
ily macadamized carriage- 

,c gaps in the fa-, 
pitroleuie had been r.t work, 
e the dull-red i:ed 

lesiroying clement 
bout theni; by blue-coated 
■-hooded policemen, who 
J ooe to an extent I 
1 debate within your mind 
vou had or had not picked 
:t of a passer-by, or lately 
filiated to tlic InternatUnalt. 
he " Maison Petit St. Tho- 
large dry-goods establish- 
name of which may bring 
aps to some of our lady read- 
casant season passed a few 
cc in Paris, with its gay 
agreeable shopping excur- 
till the plate-glass of the 
jws becomes less costly, 



and the I the thareuterU, or 

ham and sausage |h .rnic 

more t, to 

right and left, " Rue de Si 

I white letters on a blue ground, 
tells me that I have reached my 
destii I thought 

il at ■ 

tlic particular house that I 
was situated I looked at a ser- 
griit de riiie. but his gl u 

pelled me, I 

man, but 1 fancied he cxpei 

ian I was 
cd to give him ; and then, 

air, but in the natural order of 
:s, I had recourse to the im 

chestnut-i ■• (I 

having taken | 
ing two sous' worth of damply-* 

lingly gave 
information th. 

The exterior of No. a 

-s is as much like that of any 

other home in I'aris as you can 

imagine. Th« nn- 

■ )]>■ 
long windows . 

fortes ecu/tins, or folding-doors, far 
apart from one another, and looking 

ipable eitlier of being openc 
closed; although, 

the one leads to the church, and the 
other to the convent 

I entered, of course, by the last- 
named portal, and, passing through 
the usual French courtyard, km 
cd at a glass >m whence it 

was evident that a brother porter 
lira held communication with the 
world without. 
I presented my letter of introduc- 
lo him, and, while he was BD 
ing arrangements for the transmis- 



" 



703 




The JtsHits in 



i nf it to the rightful owner, be- 

.mil 
because I saw oojy one door open, 
I entered by that door, and found 
myself t: nd unwitting! 

the ct»icUrg(ri(, or porter's lodge, it- 
self. 

The concierge and his occupation 
afforded me a good deal of amuse- 
ment, or. to speak less lightly, a good 
deal of room for thought during 
of the three-quarters of an hour 
that I v rl to vrait for the 

arrival of the priest with who: 
had the engagement. He has un- 
der his control the management of 
ten brown wooden handles, attached 
to ten « b wires -ire con- 

ted with ten different doors in 
different parts of '.' hment. 

If a person want a confessor, lie 
pulls the wire connected with the 
church. If a lady desires advice, 
another pull opens the parlors to her. 
II 'a come from 

the convent, another pull in an- 
other direction is necessary. An 
these t in the last case) 

arc i --age 

sent through a speaking-tube by the 
same brother porter, to inform the 
t of the fact that he is want- 
ed; and as through the before- 
mentioned glass door and otherwise 
he receives all letters, and answers 
all queries, both from within and 
without, he has, I take it, a pretty 

I had been too much absorbed 
ret to observe what was taking 
- around me; but, after a litth . I 
began to remark that the priests, in 
tog to .ni.l fro through the 
andergaie, bestowed upon me more 
glances of earnest Enquiry than I 
thought ray personal appearance 
actually warranted. At last the mys- 
tery was solved by one father being 
so good as to tell me that seculars 
generally waited in the parlors, I 



I, thanked bin grateful 
went ; but not before I hail 
crcd t'n.u, if the pigeon-holes for 
letters be a tmc test, there were 
fourteen or more priests raid 
the Rue de Sevres U thai paj 
time. 

I was not sorry for the 
of pla. rangcly interest- 

ing to be sitting in those rooms 
where, so short a time since, the 
Communists, under tl 
an energetic young gentleman nam- 
ed Citoyen Lagrange, took prisoner 
the goud Superior Father Olivaint 
and his Pftre Procureer, M. Can- 
bcrt. 

to sit in those parlors, and 
gaze upon the larj: 
graphed portraits of those two men 
and martyrs, and to notice the re- 
markable likeness existing between 
them. How both had the same 
square forehead and firmly set, 
powerful mouth; and how l> 
looked — as they were— soldiers ready 
to die under the banner fc; 
they fought. 

fife pleura pas sue m 
Father Olivaint to the solitary group 
of sympathizers whom he 
way to the I¥/ftehm tic 1 1 

No I men p/rc, wc weep not, but 

rather thank God that the grand old 

rdom has not yet died 

out among us ! 

Besides the thoughts 
past suggested to me, it was in 
esting to note the living occupants 
of the rooms. One si Ivi-r- haired old 
nan, whom I afterwards found 
out to be the selfsame l'J-re Alexis 
Lcfcbvre whom Lagrange 
charge of the house, telling him 
keep it au nam de la Ccmmune, was 
holding a very serious conversation 
with two or three gentlemen, the rod 
ribbons in whose button-holes 

• " W ffp »< for m*~ 



cried 



UIIU 



Tilt Jesuits in Paris. 



70% 



clarcd them it la 

Ztfton (T Hauteur, Another father 

having quite a small reception 

of middle-aged married ladies, who 

probably had, or desired to have, 

. either at the College of Vau- 

d or at that of S. Genevieve. 

ither — but stay : here is my | 

Jar lather, to whose kindness I 

owe it that I have been enabled to 

write thi 

The Society of Jesus is so well 
known to the citizens of New ¥o»k 
that it would be superfluous for me 
to give any lengthened description 
of the general principles of govem- 
i!ic order is based. 
ice it to say, for tl St of 

the uninitiated. J i a. in common with 
other religious, they have a head 
resident at ti a court; pro- 

Yin" 1- mi, among whom the 

Supervision of the different sin 1 :- 
is divided ; ami superiors Of individ- 
ual hous 

It is peculiar, however, to the So- 
ciety of Jesus that each provincial 
has I upon him an officer 

jse care it is to 
: after the pecuniary business of 
. and in many kindred 
ist in-, chief; but this 
o, 1 am informed, docs not i 
fer any additional rank upon the 

case is different, however, with 
:,■ other officials of (he tot let/, 
called " consulted. ' who, as their 
name implies, are chosen B 
ig the number of the elder and 
experienced brethren. 
The house in the Rue de S 

after 
been considerably enlarged. 
The main building consists of a 
ily-buill quadrangle, on the fl 

liate con- 

ion with it, stands the church, 

dedicated to the sacred name of 

Jesus. Running along all the inner 



i of the quadrangle, both on 

the ground and the other two floors, 
is a lofty, well-ventilated corridor or 
cloister, adorned here and there, after 
the usual manner of convents, with 
religious paintings. 

The piece of ground C 
natural centre of the quadrangle 
is laid out with shrubbery, tho 
without pretension to anything more 
than neatness. 

On the ground floor arc situated 
the refectory, the kitchens, and other 
offices; while the first and second 
floors arc devoted e ly to the 

use of the fathers. The i 
the corridors, arc lofty and well 
ventilated, but so simple in their 
arrangement M to require no de- 
scription. 

The priests, in the true mon 
spirit, sweep and keep clean their 
own rooms and even the cloisters; 
and, from the general air of cleanli- 
ness and order that ; the 
place, it is evident that the work is 
■well done. I ugh the 
cloisters of the Jesuit house in l'aris 
would be uninteresting were it not 
for the remembrance of one ne'erto- 
be-forgottcn room; and for the sake 
of the names printed Upon the i 
doors, brii ,, k as they do to 
one".-; mind the recollection of past 
I and weary troubles; and the 
near presence of men so many of 
whom have distinguished themselves 
in working for the cause of holy 
church. 

Tread softly, and be silent now, 
as ye approach yonder door ; 
bean no printed name; for the key 
thai turns the ]eal0OI lock will dis- 
close that to thy gaxe which should 
eveite thy intensest feelings of hu- 
mility! 

It is the " Martyrs' Room," where 
are kept the relics of the five heroic 
b one of whom "pro V 
mi ccrtavit umjuc ad mortem et 



The Jesuits in Paris. 



retina impiorum nontirouit; fun- 
da: 1 rat supra firmam 11c- 
traro.'" 

Anatole clc Beugy was arrested 
Ducoudray. 
in nom a vous fairc cou- 
pcr cried the officer in 

charge of the party of am 

.'• replied the father 

iljrj "que vous ne me fere; 

couper le cou a cause de mon noui." 

I the officer did not 

ok more highly of P. dc Ueugy 

In tact, all tin 

time of Iiii impmoMo . cap- 

i not to have liked hi:i 
hisindoi. Hgfnid. His coat 

Martyrs' Room 

secu: by the hye), . 

pierced v, 

bullets — truly, a very palpable proof 
sf animosity, 
the Pern olivaint was on his 
way to execution, as he descended 
the the prison of La Ro- 

Ue, he found— how naturally! — 
that he had hit breviary tightly 
ped in his hand. •' They have 
" pci haps he thought, "but they 
■ nd he present- 
ed l] ic concierge of the 
prison, who bad shown him some 
kindness, God knows what 
the man lud, but an officer of the 
National Guard snatched it from 
hand, and threw it into the flames of 
a fire near by. 

The concierge recovered the 
ary, or what remained of it, and it is 
now in the " Martyrs' Room." 
lie who can look upon this relic 
have a very 
hard heart indeed ! 

Do any of us ever think that the 
spirit of penance — corporal peOKBCfi 
— is dying out amongst us? There 
are instruments of self-mortification 

• •• Fur Ibt Uw or k's Cod strore errn onto 
doth. «nd tcok no (Mr irom the»«<J» uf (be l=- 
ploiu [ (or l>< wu louo it J «(>on a tm «oc»." 



in I tyrs' Ro. 

:.cc us to the contrary. 
n<>: a i 
world and life be all a 
when men die wondrous deaths, 
dcrful things should foilo 
death rhen wc see a 

■ Martyrs' Room " 

! 

the saints whose relics lay becoft 

the altars in the church, 

healed df a grievoi, . M 

not be surpriv 

£C ego vol ;nomQil 

iue ad i 
sceculi." • 

The beds from La Roquc: 
here — pieces of sacking, strctchee^ 
out by a contrivance 
hr to that made use of in 
tion of camp-stools. 

Here arc the little silver C3SC5 ia 
which the fathers concealed tlie Mess- 
lent, to Ix: at last, as each 
ura. 
enough. . . 
The church, as I befor 
situated on the north side of the quad- 
rangle. It is Gothic, and of i 
portions, consisting of a cho 
The i 
of note repose 

dies of the PP. 
coudray. Clerc, Caubcrt, and De 

n the 24 
36th of May, 1S71, i 
ris. 'J 
hole chapel, in fact, is literally 
covered with wreaths of blood-red 
Ulles ; while in fro 
event of th'. 
the "Martyrs' 
while marble slabs, beating upoi 

of the five 
cr with the incidents of their 

deaths. 

guide — the priest whom 1 

•- Hctinlil, 1 irn wllh Touandtyt.crrr, lo :k» 

■atoftbaww 




Jesuit* in Paris. 



705 



ere described as hcing 

- lavii 
c all that was lie- : 
: an returned with 

1 in- 
1 and on 
edin . nan gave BM 

' ifce important works uv 
his society in Paris, 
ire," said he, " quite a 
r. Fighting is as much our 
is it is the soldier's ; and I 
go so Car as to say that he 
Jesuit who <i"« not fight, 
ics, as you may imagine, 
10 Ioj rvet ; but, un- 

r, here our bile noirt is social- 
ouknow ; .5 indeed 

, it has ever been our aim 

it' possible, the edo 

te male portion of society. 

unfortunately, happens to 

iroiitc work of the socialists 

rarer faulty their code 

: >• may be in other 

they lsave at least grasped 

that to educate the affluent 

country is to form the in- 

llow- 

ludcd my instructor laugh- 
have nei 
European society." 

nswered abstractedly; 

tbiokiog just then of the 

e which the order bears — 

ho was '• Viruni dalorum 

* and my 

tyr shrine 

to lately seen in the cha- 

pcrhaps you, who have in 

ricr enrolled your- 

the banner of the 1 1 

esus, havi . ! of him 

share than others of the 

cross." 
er*s reply was a very prac- 
•ty dear sir," said he, 
of the kind. The world 

•OTVin, itul Kqualulcd »*h 
OL. XVII. — 45 



•;cs us because idl- 

ing, and because it knows 

I that .ill our t« reg- 

natcd to the c 

kind of ( \ whii h rt hates — 

the Catholicity, I mean, whose first 
principle is devotion and imj : 
obedience to t 

It will be seen, therefore, from the 
foregoing fragment of conversation, 
:k in Pari 
most part the Catholic education 
of the upper ci: 

'I hC IM.. 

do, in one way and another, a good 
deal of work, although but utile, 
perhaps, of a 1 

1: the pea 
muJ of t) to which I have 

alluded. They arc popular as < 
fessors, and thb involves a good deal 
of labor. 
They direct two ca ties of 

«ring re-; 
•>i two hundred n 
f the fathers of families, and 
the other for young m« 
ciety meets in the chapel upon alter- 
nate Thui .ruc- 
tion. I I c^tuitx render C\ 
assistance that lies in their power to 
parochial clergy; and thus the 
fathers becotr, 

ions, and now Lenten or Advent 

At the Rue dc Sevres 
retreats, not only to their own 1 
thrcn and the secular clergy, but 

I large scale, to pen 
individuals— men 
driven to sec* 

plation of the up lor 

a heaven. 

Jesuits, whose duty calls them to 
places en route to which Paris be- 
COniei a natural resting-place, fin 
haven in the Rue de Sevres, 

rincial reside* here when he is 
in Paris; and, finally, a few men who, 
at a moment's notice, are available 



The Jesuits in Paris. 



I c sent anywhere to meet a 
den emergency, make for the time 
this most interesting house their 
home. 

In a dark, narrow street in dose 
Jmity to the Pantheon — in :i 
street that, in iu unlikencss to some 
other parts of the city, reminds one 
of the Puis of history— is situated the 
College of S. Genevieve. This is 
the chid rial establishment 

Order; the other being that of 
; the Immacu: 
ccj>iion at Vaugirard — a village on 
thecouthi of Paris. 

In concluding this chapter ! 

, next to holy church 
itself, must ever be considered the 

. that the 
nnot do 
better than append a brief ac 
the character of the work dor. 

The Ecolc S. Genevieve, found- 
in the year 1S54, proposes for its 
t the preparation of youth 
: into the various profes- 
sional colleges in France. That the 
work is a success may be seen in 
the fact that, in 1871-1873, n 
students were actually admitted from 
thence to academy at 

ree more 
were declared "a 
the same school sent sixteen boy 
the Ecole Centralc, to be educated 
as engineers, seven to the Ecole Xa- 
vale, and twenty-three to toe Poly- 
tcchniqii 1 -:ly, that, exclusive 

. many mnr<: have been 
ted into other similar e 



it) in Paris or else win.: 
aggregate number of 

da, to exceed four hundred 

I be present rector of 9 
! is the immediate successor 
the Pere and it i> 

noteworthy fact that three out of 
five men killed urn!. 
were connected with the 
the other two being P 
and Cler; 

named vt been b 

trcmely valuable ; for, previoaj \o 

-ion to the Society of Jest*, 
he had been for many year* a runl 

The lacobM 

: '«inp» 
as perfect a specimen 01 
can be found in Europe. 

present moment, there a 
hundred and 
I war 
French 

in: a snund high-' 

On his entrance, the schol 
first put thn 
course, out 01 

into the sixth form. rhkh * 

rises to the third, and then compkw 

of classics. 

Thus, to an outsi 
1 by in Paris, .-. 
of that grand order whose nun ■•• 
believe to 
they i: pted: 

A<i majarem Dei gleriam / 



lerese 






San Marco: a Reminiscence. 



707 



SAN MARCO: A REMINISCENCE. 



U the great cities of the 
the cathedral 11 the nv 

which gathers the 1 
community. J: is a national 
lent, a historical represcnta. 
t keeps in is total 
ptecious to the nation than 
rcasurcd in archives and libra- 
t is identified with the 1 
1 or failure, and often bears 

marks 01 

its trophic* or in its rains. 

: cipal church 
rcame the mirror of the 
ndividuality ; it took on the 
hat best expressed the people's 
; it was an index to the na- 
if tliis is bo 
lies, it is j-ei I 
strikingly true of S. Mark's in 

ue church, the & Sophia 
•ntiix pttr 
me t ' ires, is 

at, tu . makes a deep* 

jression on the stranger than 
ex's at Rome. To describe it 
cally; to speak of its uneven 
md crowded, fa ^tcrs; 

imcrai imna, and 

he color of its mosaics, is 
ierita- 
; an untnith. ( 
t be anything but an after- 
&t, e\ ie id- 

em should not be the fir 
»n of the visitor. A spell is 
?on you .it the :. and 

lescribab'c feeling of rem 
over your every sense as you 
the dusky aisles. We have aU 
foiiml it mo«t satistacto 
cither churches or cities, to 



1 iik in the spirit of 
her than rush into a dJfl 

and we are 
pern .it this slow, receptive 

only way in which to 
travel of any 
Thus, for 's be- 

came so woven in with life 

. without being able to givi 
single date oi 

ccrning it, «e were yet entirely pene- 
trate :,ut. 
above all. ice. 

there every morning to 

early M. — 1, by the bye, is the 

way to tee a beautiful church 

the Continent. You grow to 

it, to know i: .-. to 

feel its peace, to be quite at home 

in it, to look out for the sunbeam 

lie of gold o\ : 
particular spot on the marble ft 

to illumine some favorite mosaic. 

fellow- worship 

the clamorous hum of devotion a 

ID tells his beads, 
or to bi fail 

to see the old beg n crouch- 

oor, and 
stretching I with n re 

Mesa ie daOyal .it's 

'lies 
in Europ natural to 

it, and not even a great ceremony 
appears to creai tir there. 

I • 1 ' 

i the ordinary 
rule, takes place on Christmas eve, 
at five o'i : iie afternoon 1 

and the ; I Vienna 

arc the only such exceptions), is ecle- 





, Ue Era: rf 

^^Kaad rlrwhw. We had 
*e JfeOTrr of the . 
Roe»e. aad Bh t td * IB 

*£c Chart haag'o. Ac owe of 

botlha 
tv sa**« words, ahaew tae 
thja* 




ESI 

ah x\ 
look, 
to 
ct flee ntuL 

•aa,W ad hit brother 
oors at the taoe, aad 
s? the eve iCTjuiie d 

hrthei 

ocr were aausfflf. 
The drfy afc, if me may to al 

k, of the Vrserira t*»«ai— he, bee- 

power to chum tbc 

thaa its boon of sp« 

We lie best n think of n 

and quae alcot, iu 

used, and its! 
of&eBfcsr IS. 
aad altar of the 
propped op a? 
of the pilaster, 
few worshippers whose 
hid then haunt the 
day after day. In ti 
yoo enter the 
deserted chores. N o hum of i_ 
is heard ; hardly a human form is 

Saddesur, to the right 
hath chased, the sound of a 



San Marco: a Rtminisctnce. 



709 



, and, from the winding 

rough chi 
the sacristy, t 

. and accom- 
>• his server. From hidden 
up silent forms that join 
How him to the altar 
as chosen ; .1 devout con- 
is quietly collected, and 
ound the rails, outside and 
r, where there arc no ra 
ip to the priest's very feet, 
ede* the server's move- 
The latter is Dot always 
erenlial, however, and his 
sometime* savor of ab.- 
l the people arc too simplc- 
to be shocked. When the 
Id be rung, the boy ens. 

lie altar, 
ftstrL ted tot hell 

bove his head ; and here, as 
talian churches, Ihe Domi- 
ni a\ lish- 
ell at ail. Another feature of 
the collector. At every 
coi lea ttling a 

ffacc of each person, and 
a. monotonous tone, 
, my brethren," or, •■ For the 
there are 
dlecioii, and the soecetsioB 
js at each of the tlircc or 
.rs is uninterrupted, it may 
. I ivhetb and 

ra- 
; yet 
1 i| fits i" with the spirit 
'.; rl 1 tins no 
that is, no masterpieces of 
the world recognizes as 
of their art. S 
the Jesuit chart 
and many others, arc rich 
surcs; but San Men 

-torical, and allegorical 
dimensions, with 
fano(ul arabesques and 

•e tracery. The 



colors, both in the interior, where the 
arches seem lined with the 
golden glow of an everlasting sun- 
set, and OB the outer porch, where 
figures ol n and groups of 

bold conception strike the eve, are 
almost as brilliant to-day as they 
must have been a thousand years 

If there is no chtf-d'xir.-n : 
dem art, there is nevertheless some- 
thing more suggestive to the Catho- 
lic mind. The " , we grew 
to love most in all Venice was no 
Titian or Paul Veronese, nor even a 
Bellini (though the latter have the 
fragrance of Iieato Angelico ah 

i >:it a bro ■ ttine Ma 

donna, bidden behind crowns and 
necklets of heavy gold, and en- 
throned in a deep, raced 
a temple of blazing gems under the 
massive, overhanging arches of S. 
.:'t The face, as revealed in 

the unadorned prints of it sold all 

over Venice, is very beautiful, the 
severely regular, and the ex- 
one of infinite majesty 

.1. We know more than 
these sombre masterpieces of un- 
known artists, which no one admir 
1 1 1 tu« no one, as a rule, sets them, 
but which, though overloaded with 

detrimeir 
their beauty* end branded contcmj>- 
tuously by sightseers as mere " mira- 
culous images," are yet very pure 
models of ancient art, and most i»- 
teresting relics of early Christian] 
For instance, there is one at Wai 
in universal veneration all over l'o- 

I and whose grave, dignified, 
:i'ily serene cast of features 

ea it as a work of religious art 

above the portraits of simpering 
maidens. DUX or gor- 

geous sultanas whom the world 
has recognized fur nearly lour nun- 

■ Mother 
of God, Russia is rich in these 



mttoe pictures, tad the Greek 
Church bold* them in as great ho- 
nor «s the I 

Wc seem to hare wandered oat of 

Venice, somehow, in tins gossip about 

unrecognized pictures ; bat the men- 

DJ lA/.intium in reality brings 

i > the lagoons, for it is as ia- 

;ian as his own re- 

deed, one would t 

ilia: nd no civilization be- 

i!cd Constantinople in 

not; for everything of any value. 

i, jj alwa'. 

At it is impossible 

c. so it would 

10 build a new Basilica of San 

iiic city of the Evangelist 

•t.imU alone in history. .he- 



dral alone in an. It ha* 
merit of suggesting nothing if 
Christianity; it is more indii 
than S. Peter's, and less 
with pageants and festivals j it is j 
mere imitation or adaptation of I 
forms of pagan art ; it suits tbc psr-1 
(ilc sky and brilliant attnosj 
the South, yet without j airing ualk 
sense of the Christianity to 
use it is dedicated ; and, if its : 
less symbolical than she 
at least less servile than the i\ 
an. The chief impression it i 
on us, as well as the only an 
h to make of its bean 
this— that it is the 

pe in which to jiray 
distraction. 



"MOTHER OF GOD." 



I knew, O God! that thou wert great and good. 
Holy and just, and yet most loving, too; 

never did I know thy lender : 
TBI these sweet words had pierced me through and through. 

It seemed so far to lift my heart to thec, 
I could bat leer and tremble as I pre] 

thy grace made these sweet words disclose 
The infinite act of love which thou hadct made. 



Mother of God ! Then Tnou art one with 

( >ur Brother, I.over, Saviour, all in < 
illd tlic j;'cat distance 'tivixt our souls and thec 
1. ridged by Mary's words, " Thus be h 

Henceforth, when 1 ike my act of I 

\\; ID heart would lift it M, 

Shon r weigh down my soul, 

f Other of God" upon my lips shall be. 



Memoirs of a Good French Priest. 



7«i 



MEMOIRS OF A GOOD FRENCH PRIEST. 



T roust not be always that men's 

manners arc writ in bras*, their 

deeds in water. The one 

rue, and pure wife of H 

I., with her strong sense of justice, 

imendcd the chronicler of the 

otent but then 

enemy. The history ol 

i must attracts the 

Id's admiring ga2c, is but too 

a record of crime ; but, fiat 

tia, with their crimes ict their 

if any tbCI 

id forth, so that the good ami the 

may flow down th 

locy, as they move in life, 
ier. 
c have recently read a work 
. i a few paget ■ 
reo •: vice, of good 

and evil: the actors, however, were 
different panics — .« their 

spheres as the spirits on the right 
and the left hand on the day of 
doom. 

The Afeiwirt of Ike Rt. Ret'. ■' 
: id Brule", with ii es of 

scenes connected with the Frei 
Revolution, ami i from his 

journal by Bishop (now Arch- 
one of a class of 
works which is deeply interesting in 
ltd striking in hi COB* 
tr&sts. The glory and lhame of 
strangely to- 

gether. The culmination of tl 
ending contest between the cfaui 
of Christ, on the one hand, and the 
world and the gates of hell, on the 
other, appeared to be in 

the French R. bom 

and hell-born iniq ii in 

its most potei i to 

meet in a death- grapple. Astonished 



i.en nations looked on 
as spectators of the combat, as if 
upon thai ft of 

i revelation, of, in short, 
the subordination of the creatun 
the Creator. The Btn !eed 

was appalling; and the modern fol- 
lowers of that tool who said m 

heart, Tii :tcw 

ujj their fool's-caps, A' . Of 

l/onneti-tDti^i in token ol 
Bui the end was not yet, as it is not 
iruggle, .:• .hers 

for eighteen liuudi. 
prophecy was vindic.i the 

oracles of Satan for a tin 
silenced, at least until the father of 
sin could rehabilitate them in other 
I. inns. The American 
whose memory serves him for a 
couple of score of year 

tO have seen at Mmmt S. Mary's 
College, or in Baltimore, a French 
priest, whose very physiogno 
would strongly rivet attention. We 
remember OOCe, in early college dl 

from Ge' liege, 

whcie we were acquiring the has 
itics,to:\! -on a holiday 

excursion. \S'e had b\ A in i 

.r; the very ideal ofa w 
told Father Jerome 

ipher, scholar, saint, 
pastor uf the college, and a model 
for his younger brethn ngto 

Christian perfection. We I 
counterpart in the French pri 
at the mountain. 
presence was inspiring The 
man of God was | 
i:i his calm, pi *ke, 

without wis- 

. of the su 
of self and the rna:i of the Besb, of the 



?ta 



Memoirs e>f a Good French Priest. 



age, to the spiritual man, the pilgrim 
to t: Our personal recollec- 

tions of this eminent man, however, 
go not b nccs and first- 

right impressions. We arc indebted 
(o -'■ '- Casein..' 

work fur a knowledge of hit eventful 
career. Bom and bred m France in 
a model Catholic family, he witness- 
ed in hi* boyhood lh<? practical 
workings of i ion. 

He the honor to undergo 

exi: in, but he knew in- 

:hat 
reign of Si/anai . 

■ •ie to ache with 
: ons of the phiSoso- 
li swept over 
Fiance u fire sweep over n prai 

tag lib father early in life, his 
I conducted by a 
leal mother, such ss is called 
in Holy Writ "a valiant 
Hr . to the I icit schools of 

the day in lib native city of Rennes, 
he was 
teachers priests eminent I 

ling, several of whom gave 
the faith. For a 
ie be worked .is a 

' he writes of 
him* . ing the h. 

Terror,' my mother made me work 
in the printing-office to save me fi 
being enrolled in a regiment of chil- 

uun- 
try'; and a hopeful set they were." 
A ri [ boys was formed, who 

acted as so i demons. 

• My mother was much pressed to 
allow in them, and was terri- 

bly alarmed on this account. I rc- 

■ year, and became a pretty gi 
compositor." To the honor of tin • ir.tit, 
we may add that hb widowed mother 
had a printing establishment under 
her own dire 

from her I tar, 

printer to the king and parliament at 



Rennes, who prided hit 

:ors 
been prim 

After this intcrru .is jd>] 

dies, he resumed them, and in the 

.-• profession, ■« 

at twenty years of age, he ent 

leal School a: 
time this OO 

rapt up in my medi 
und preparing for the price. 1 
This ii 
duatcd with the highest I 

leven h»- 
dred students attending the course; 

' r best; 
lis number M. Brute 
received the first pi mother 

examination. al appoint- 

ment immedi. 
youthful triumph. But 
were now turned to another field of 
. and to ih:i n alone mwt 

worthy than medicine i 
endowments. Hcdctern. 
dy for the church, 
led to abandon a profession to which 
he hail devoti art e/ 

jus study, and which opened 
iccts before 
him," as 1 rr. auuis, 

"from any feelings of di 

I u as one of the 
ich a highly gift- 
philanthropic man < 

jiuful as .rsalka 

was to all, and to rot 
particular, it was peculiarly so to the 
student or to the practitioner t* 
profesi Urine. He turned 

from it only because he had 
and more important objects ii 
His el ites ■ 

medic ras east 

to find physician* for the bo 
the Revolution had made ii more 



Memoirs of a Good French Priest. 



?n 



to find physicians for lh< 
of men. 'Pii- ; ;ons 

and privations of exile had 

i comparatively small number of 
former clergy, :ind of these many 
n foreign missions. 
I as had been the ravi 

piety, and the 

privation ©f all spiritual 

in immc a of the 

coplc still remained faithful 

and a ncwr supply 

Lev.: ■-, of those 

had perished, was called for on 

le.'" 

The medical stud • had 

gone Parisian can 

lum with less 

sou'. le to join 

the ■ J.cvites. He 

not only had gone through the 
course with virginal purity, but he 
had already made a figl 
■mid it potent If 

be resembled Aloysius at Rennes, he 
showed tl 

it satisfied with professing : 
openly -. hi* religion, he 

enteral into a i n iih 

several of his fellow-students pan « 
larly those from his own | 

lly to oppose the (also princi] 
to which they were obliged to listen, 
p chose such subjects for their 
(ore the class as to enable 
them to avow their belief in re 
tion, and to truth. One 

of the beneficial effects which foil 
cd from that the 

■ of the government was 
called to it. Bonaparte, then First 
Consul, was laboring to restore CI 
lianity in Fiance, is the n 
means of reorganizing society; and 

the infidel profe ■■■ 

confine their teaching to i: 

be well if infidel or .libe- 
rs at the pro 
Id be restrained to their respec- 



tive courses of instruction. Some 
of them seem to think ibent 

OQ them to proclaim, ex . 
their irreligious or athei 

ich men are entirely in 
for their occupations, no rnattei 
what talents or learning they n 
possess, and they ought to be silenc- 
ed by authority. This may be « i 
sidered illibc: but let 

them make a little change in the or- 
I ise a Catholic professor 
iiy to give a daily discourse 
to his pupils on the- :; .of 

the Pi pe bx row mix d i 
Catholics and Pro 

Is : would such teachings, v»c 
be greeted with hi 

We think not Then the 

1 p'tofessor cannot expect a 
public to consent to his 
teachings, beyond his proper course. 
I question of the 
1 de- 
mand in the teaching i mc, 
or of any science or sciences, that 
the teachers should confine tbcm- 
Ltive and demon- 
strable facts. It is the last degree 
of folly or of i ■ to attempt 
to prove lions of 
the soul to the body b; I of 

el or mi ore 

in the Pat >ols still claim the 

right to teach covert or overt athe- 

and the I interference 

nothing less than persecution. They 
are pin! I'fcc 

thought Bat their opponents say 
properly (and this matter has been 
before the French Senate) that it is 
not the thought of the pro! 
which is the matter in dispute, but 
their officious ttaehittgt. If they are 
free to think chat ISO, says 

an eminent DV ' Car- 

rier, they are not therefore free to 
l less or to teach all that they 
think. Animism, spiritism, mate- 
in, arc equally intractable to 



-'4 



•irs of a Good French J*rust. 



science. In these matters science 
can prcn "he rights of 

. are neither comprn-. 
cd nor it 

within the limits defined by il» very 
nature. 

All parents and guardians of 
youth, whatever their faith, or want 

it, should protest against pf 
sore of medicine making u< 
chairs to inculcate upon their pupils 
tliat the soul is subordinate to the 
body, the itnmor: 
of man. 1 

. tod 
novel will be under the dominion of 
human « isdom or learning. 
We will now follow Dr. I 

in bis career as physician in 
the higher order, that is, for the - 
Hi made his studies in di- 

vinity with the intense earnestness 
of his v Theology was a 

ticc for which his mind was ad- 
Be loved hisrcli 
and it evidendy became his delight 
thoroughly to explore the v. i 
ados was ordaioed priest 

En tSos, and vat for a short time 
professor of theology in I- 
city. In i3 10, he came to the United 
States, nid began that active career 

•. Mount 6. Ma 
College im so raw 

lily i. 

• ountry. "If Mount S. Mary's, in 

addition to all the other benefits it 

has bestowed upon Catholicity in 

a in a rcniarka- 

of an infc 
gent, aci: is priesthood, ex- 

actly such as was needed I 
the wants of the church in this 
country, every one at all acquainted 
with the . institution 

will allow that the tiue- era V 

.uped upon it by llishop 
BtVtc. liis humility, piety, and 

ning made him a model of 
Christian priest; and the imp) 



sion of his virtues made upon bed 

ecclesiastical and lay 

passed nil c 

Catholic religion alone can 

such men, and hence their cxatssfc 

confirms the faith and elevates tie 

character o( all who come i 

with them- The name of Bii 

Brute has been, and evi i 

associated with that of 

bois as common bem : 

is country." 
The chui 

u( 

from their own 

country for the most . tic 

ruthless madmen who for a season 

ver be repai 
been i L f.vcn 

Arm k of 

Lafayette and his followers as the 

only Fn 

grai letting entirely the 

i the 
■ 
savages in the wi or arl 

astonished our Protestant civibzatioa 
with their learning, their talents, and 
<-aking of Bishop 
rerus, fn 
... • ■■. 
Chat ites- 

tant min .:>■-- 

hich of us would like to have 
mpared wii 
and generous ad:: :-. igfat 

have applied to others as well as to the 
almost peerless Chevei . none 
could have deserved it more. Host 
truly is the blood of the martyrs the 
seed of the church !— in 
martyrs all who 

property for Christ. The French 
Rcvohm 

a boi as the woild 

saw — learned, pi. 
ied, and highly cult 

; an ineffaceable 
sion upon their successor.^ 



Mtinoirs of a Good French Priest. 



715 



thood ill this country. Ir, 
order of God's providence, persecu- 
tion. 

to Catholicity in America. 
1 of the 
of their religion, 
the 11 by- 

Garibaldi, Victor Emanuel, and I 
ck, all give laborers to this 
I, where they arc so much 
nee where they arc doing a 

world of good a century in advance 
of an adequate supply of native 

In 1S34, i 
as Bishop of Vincennes; in 1839, 
worn oal '1 faithful scr- 

|iinc spirit took iu depar- 
ture. In his poor diocese, he 
everything to construct, and every- 

ic Indian 

in with great 

joy as a " chief of the black robe*," 

a pi the true | He 

had no sinecure dignity. 'At home 

he was at once tiic bishop, the pas- 

1 negation, the professor 

of theol miliary, and a 

. acadurni. 

-c give a small idea of his lab 

ng of terrors (to most 
men) came, hi bishop at 

. duly, like the uuhful 
Roman sentinel at Pom- 

peii- rj for 

'ruing of the day 
before his death, lie remarked to the 
clergyman who attended him with 
Unwearied solicit. iTectioo : 

* My dc> ive the wfa 

day 

nother p;ous friend 
be used these simple but exprc 

is: *1 am And 

■hen his 

c body, hav- 
ing recc. rites of the 
ie prayers for 
1 he 
*ai«oc . y and fervently to 



the catered upon 

that eternal life which he had alv. 

been co»ieu>- 

his whole career had been one long 

preparation. 

: wish, if space permitted, 
to give select: vome of tlic 

good bishop's his 

recollections connected with die per- 
sccutions in France in 1 793 and the 
following years, for they thaw in their 
simple details the strik rastt 

between the Ii I the 

the children 
of : >ng the French 

people Ol before in 

the history of the chui the 

history of hu .1 rtue and 

to face, reach loftier heights 
or deepec depi 

aim of the French rulers was 

to extinguish Christianit.. ' age 

of reason " had arrived, and its ad- 

-d fautors di- that the 

tOuld recognize it. Bui the 

by some 

lance, all the honest 

and meritorious people of the 1 

union cause with tl. 
To bring these people to a just ap- 
preciation of reason, the churches 
wen 

.0 temples of reason or bar- 
es and stables, and, if j>o»ible, 
To take God's house 
from him was to deprive him of a 
dirdling-plac<- ind the 

cxai .nice would be follow- 

that God should 
be banished from live earth of his 
own creation. But the pnesu — the 
unreasonable, intractable -in- 

stead ot its, 

would adhere to 1 
traditions of pasi ages. When the 
vhes wen •M 

icir 
. 
fields, ■■vis, ofleniig their 

pure and unbloody sacrifice on t\ 



7i6 



Memoirs of a Good i 



and in every dale and valley of 
Fra: i < .■..*, their • 

hose who harlmr 
cd • . demanded in bloody 

• progress of 
the persecution," I intA, 

" the greater number of the priests 
of the diocese had been cither 
guillotined Ofl nsportcd 

to the penal colonies. Trie more 

! and infirm were imprisoned 
in • 9b -Michael. I ' 

few I ■■:: in deep concealment, 
some were almost daily discovered, 
and. ig to the hw, led with 

(hose who had harbored ilicrn to 
guillotine within twenty-four hours." 
Young Brute' often followed the 
cused to the criminal court, and lu- 

■d with palpitathig heart to the 

if priest's and people. 

His instances are deeply touching. 

The vciy capital* arrest attention: 

licst and the three 

Aubert, 

I liocese of Rennet. The priest, M. 

Kaoul, v. 

sentenced; h it a 

murmur, but attempted to offer a 
pic ^ ho sheltered 

him, when he was immediately si- 
lenced. The ladies were then put 
m»on trial, and convicted and fees* 
One of them had been 
a nun. and, driven from her convent 
home, had returned to hei 
house. She was a woman of spirit, 
and when under the sentence of 
death she had a word to say to the 
court and the spectators. •' V, 
the sentence had been pronOuni 
the nun could DOl I 

of indignation. She rose from 
her seat, matched from her cap the 
national cockade, which even the 
women were obliged to wear during 
those days of national delusion, and, 
trampling ll under her feet, she ad 
sed alternately the judges and 
the people with two O) ilirce sen- 



tences of vehement ' Bjt- 

barous people exclaims!, 

'amo: ige nations hts 

hospitality ever been made a criae 

nil to mind her other expres- 
sions, except that she appealed to 
the higher tribonal of G 
nounccd his judgnu -; them. 

. . . The tame day these fear 
i ■ 

were lakea, I 
think, as was often the case, 6 
tribunal to the scaffold, wi. 
mainedpa erected undenix 

est and \, 
bound together, were led to the 
adc ' singing the service for the dead* 
One morning t it£»« 

d from hi by the new 

\ie, liamine, fri 

i Service of the elm: 

one in the streets. " I under- 
stood too well what it all 
ran 10 the- door to go out and folio* 
them, a. nd partially I. 

cned by the usual terr< H 
on my heart, but at the same time 
i.ated by the song of death, for it 
was the priest who was thus singing 
his own ZjV poor pea- 

I :scd, 
verj least 

appearance of fear. The impression 
on my m the soldiers, who 

generally followed their prisoners 
with jokes and abuse, accompanied 
these two in silence." 

Priests and peasants and I 
were vii i pious raj 

those days, and even women and 
children. It is appalling to read 
summary ac< children 

and children drowned; women 
and women shot 

and priests drowned ; nobles dro'-. 
and artisans drowned, besides the 
hosts who were guillotined or scnl 
into exile." 



rirs of a Good French Print. 



71? 



uir further fro 
>»t inierc 

at hi* lei- 
tometimes 
it that Victor Emanuel 
ght find : 
c. \\ bile writi i ■ this, we see 
that thi- 
ii diet has passed a bill 
g a complete control ol 

of all religious matter 
state government. In other 
e church must he the ki 
or . ri h. We 

v in 
In one of Frederic the 
:n to Voltaire, he 
h to break up the 

■. will be 
I Hi. 
i . 

at no! blind, thai after 
and crini 

h Revolution — and 
ley can bring nothing worse 
than this— the 
i 

md that hen ii at 
only one great con 

ice, as everywhere 

Christendom. Surely it is 

t, though often doomed to 

le is fated not to die. But 

gcthc infatuation of pri 

who would wish to blot 

'lie face of the 

make it a mere servile 

I lh< i man ? Some 

hie inquirer has sugt 
' n of the sun. and 



on this now planet of o 

crsa] darkness, intense cold, the 
congelation of all the w 
death of all vegct. 
of all animal life, and of the 
og man in the midst of an in 

T horrors! 
I wren moral world if the 

Ike of 
ndd be exti d: dark- 

. crime, and death, 
r.i) and eternal, would be poor l"-.t 
man tancc. Bin, tl.. 

be to Cod, we know that the I 
of Peter will survive all tempests 
in the futare ai m the past, and that 
she will float over i of 

m safety to the consummation 
■ i ftgesj for the divine assistance is 
: for ever. 
In conclusion, we beg leave to 
express the hope that Al 

ley will give to the world a new 
enlarged edition of Bishop 
Brutl's life, as bis materials or< 
no meant I. It « ill be no 

iiiL-iit to Mr. Clarke's excellent 
work to give to many of the decci 
fly, much moi 
ten.;. itle- 

in- 
structive pages. And finally, we may 
express a hope that, when Lady 
bcrt edits a new edition, she will not 
forget to give due credit to the distin- 

r whose labors she 
in sume sense so fully a; I.* 

• To uvr di\ip|>i)!nlment to thotc Trhn tniv 
doirr to povcii x copy ol the Jtfina . 
A/*//, -n* ilc<m It proptf to >t»lo t.-lal Ihi- . 
ivnul ol print. <■■"" UM« I'" - J^lhr.r BH llWlWilflfl 

futur 

. mt"iai;<1 



7i8 



Publication*. 



n i : 



LxCTVRKt ASP SttMOKt, By the Very 
Rev. Butke, O.I' 

M. Havem. 
This, the second volume, containing 

il dis- 
I 
null . '.'niter. Mr. Hat-city. In 

nor form I* It Inferior to 
volume published a year 
ago. It contains lectures on most of 
the important questions of the day, and 
nowhere better than In ibese lectures 
may be found a solution to the great 
ileDM that the moral ud social con- 
dition of our age and country present. 
The fundamental principles of religion. 
Older, and law treasured up in the Summ,i 
of S. Tbomas. F. Bdrke baa thoroughly 
mastered and made his own , ami, j n 
with these, he comes forth In the n 
of his eloquence, prepared to o:: 
remedy ; discisc, intellectual 

and moral, of the XlXtli century, 
principles which be advocates ant! 
proclaimed on the House-tops, from the 
Imac U ; ippi. are just 

those by which modern MX i be 

saved, if saved at all. His mission lias 
been called a providential one with re- 
ference to the Irish in this country' ; hut 
we believe it to be a providential one 

reference to the American pc 
at large. Never before have the genu 
principles of human action been so pub- 
lagtx in on load ; 
and the good seed, sown broadcast as it 
has been, cannot but take root and pro- 
duce fruit In due season. 

Even now the conversions to our i 
religion, wrought through men- 

tality of F. Burke's preaching, are many 
and widespread. iJut how great and 
palpable the good he has done amongst 
iwa people ! He has aroused their 
love for faith and fatherland to cnthusl- 
HD; he his made them to realize the 
nam (nlluenec | exert on 

ir.t , be i. i them lo 

feci Ikelr dignity ; he baa told them vital 
Is required o( them as citizens of the re- 
public ; be I out their dangers, 

and tugi;r diet for their disor- 



der*. His constant aim has. been 
stii into the minds of It 

teatiment of rcligi 
and honor that could elevate and raw- 
blc a generous race. 
(yCooDcll.no one man has 
for the Irish people, and 
ccived so much of tin 
confidence. It is but a simrt I 
that we heard a poor fellow s..-. 
resolved "never to get drunk .-n: 
he might disgrace a 
produce such a man a 
a noble sentiment tr 
speaks volumes for the man wit 
inspire It. We seem : 
U of a lifetime, 
we have cold and li 
would mak< 

Yet in very g crane; 

the labors of a few rn 

Itld be able 10 a 

i to us, and rcuuar 
his glorious um. 

Tim Ikish Raci 

Titr. I'RT.i ), Tbf- 

baud. SJ. New Vol pletro 

& Co. 1873. 

F. Thebaud ha 
phy cif Irish history. He h.i 
the charactef 
has, we think, discover 
cessfully traced them down from ifcr 

1 to the latest am 
old people. He has . m*r» 

Elected on it, ami 
lion to the Ireland of the 1 
arc correct. We are {. 
an Irishman ha-. 
when an Irishman speak* or I 
bygone glories, he Is preti 
accused of exngge: 
refuses to be interested 

-■uppuit M 
be in great pan the creation 

■ .1 iIl.ii 
Montalcmbert dl<l 

Ireland, as he once Intended to do, and 
we hate never qu: 

sin for the part be took in diaaandiaf the 
count from carrying oat 




fttblUnthns. 



7«9 



of his youth. Had tlic bril- 
uihor of The MaOi ef tkt Wtit 
ed the annals of Ireland, the slory 
i'» ancient greatness and ciriliza- 
>uld now have us tilting p!ace in 
ssic lore of Eu rope. F. Thcbaud's 
sac of early Irish history is rtry 
:tory ; be has a real lore and ad- 
>.-> lor that land — 

■y's «] wcadcr, wsom ill Ua£s m« 

» thr uucli ton, nail au vriia (CMler 
ne." 

Mian Ireland in its golden age is 
dear to liiin, and be delight* 
crit>i»K the glorie* of'tli'i 

i of Ik* north »k*a t»!f the world wu 
K*«lu4's dukftMi 'mid her noon or 

liDf with the events of this period, 
ak the learned a Ha happy 

r, (booth >'c arc n posed 

^tee to ant great extent with bis 
ol m. ng* and 

■ceds. We. too, believe that 

w Jmicr built th« I0« »h».l cW«r." 

n what he says of the present cond I- 
i things in that misgoverned conn- 
werer. ivc do tbink be has not con- 

the roost reliable authorities on all 

; his account of the ignorance and 
Ition of the poorer classes 

somewhat exaggerated. J 

the only thing we find to ci 

talc which is manifestly ■ labor of 

nd ex.. i an ardor ■ 

km that lore alone can enlist. F. 

id's work is a nil 

ition 10 Irish h 
cent it coni 

Toonr American and non ■' 
lilers who want to form correct 
r.d and lis people, we com- 

wiJiKx Vktuak; oa. Tn - 

>*. By Agues M. Stewart. 
Kelly. Piet & Co. 
El a historical romance, and a 
|;od one of r rbi lughotll 

handled and 61 ty pa;: 

i arc well ai 
■ II 

'.ijnes Stewatt is 



sufficient warrant that the tone is i 
and unexceptionable. It there were 
thing in a name, we might be 
to criticise it in this particular ; for, li\ 
troth, the connection between the title 
and the talc that hangs thereon is slight 
The story opens in Scotland, and tin 
bonny Highlands are kept pretty u< : 
throughout, though the scene ill 
to England, ! 
the 

la > 
such as this tre il«i bctfci 

able i i ■'. in a pic;. 

way. 

I !■ i* hare di ' :or. 

ait justice by giving to the public 
rial* form. 

> . By MODMlgMDl 

P. D 

UgT. I... n<! i . .rai!y larOI 

U : the use i .Ing 

in tin 

of Tit 1 rba pt 

work not only treat* id the .subject li 

by ilic title, but alto 
Jcal- sh Judgment? 

tun Patience," and " Grace '* ; and is In. 

d fol thoM who would naturally 
derive greater spiritual advantage from 
iii'" iding ili. hi from formal 

r.iotl. 

Kroni the tsnrcstful condition of tl 
in llii* age and country it pro! 
conn 
a Co i 

than in older and more settled 

i'0 appr<' 
not consecrai 

than many of the otdir.ary book' 
meditation. We" therefore welcome i 

■ all judii 
sons in the world to perform the duties 
to which they may be called, and 10 
silt the temptations by v may 

be assailed. 

(« likely always to out- 
number the Marys, and should )■ 

. assistance at the I 
cap?! 

Iji h 

■ 
children ■ wounded. 




.'ions. 



IXmaell pln- 

::le volume, a 
book," gi. nJence that tlvc >u- 

!i fill x usefal j.licc in ihc 
- Iitciaiut' We ur a 

r poetry like hen is much 
im deauu.l in out Catholic homes. 

Iom of the relume— 

• Poems of the I 

iineoas Poems"— 

present a pleasing variety, both of natter 

anil Some of ber lyrics ate 

mat- I ; and some of 

■tioos would be stronger with 

lewer epithets. But her verse is. ft r 

most f-ait. as smooth as simple. And 

id charge her with affec- 

-ctuinly not lacking in 

Theic ti tut a single Uric on which we 

shall make a stricture It occurs la a 

poem called " The Skeleton at tbe 

Feast ~ the sixth tie* of the Boh stasia. 

She speaks of 



I* ft* thai 

Now. God did aot create- treat eternity " ; 
ess are any of kit avatar** dtm a rft 
-ircm eternity." We therefore pro- 
aoaace this hoe a slip of the pea. sad 
keg that it ma; be altered ia the next 
rekam 

Id em u l a t i no , we tkaaJtiaPy w e l c om e 
lb* aatkoress rata the Bomber of cm. 
tkefcc poetesses, aad hope tkat in lams; 
th* will be nam tempted to com* to as 
-owl of sweet solirade." 

Ou> Xtir Ewiaw Tbjuts. Edited fey 
George. Last. Nee York : Pobttsked 
by Hard * l U a gbt oa. Casaktidge: 
Tke Riterwd* Press. :- 
Any owe BCa aaia ied with the aaocot 
ol X e wk ai ipan wtti bare a special 

Merest ia tat timiaitermrrt wkkk skis 

rcry leaatkat beak cn a tmitt To tkose 

wko are aot, U will * tea a Terr pet. 

sect idea of the New EagUad of lie 

whack it cvea bow pterrr awM 

b> rkcae old seapctt tewat of ' 



a dry or 
page in it from beginning to er 

an tbt 
' a book for any time of year, bat 
far the summer. At the cod, 
ite a number of gi 
Ghosts seem to thrive well la Nc»un. 
port, fudging from recent devdo|iaea|i 
as well as these more ancient ones, aid 
there can be no doabt tkat the repan- 
tion of Essex County for th 
ral is really very well fonc . 

toots asa rum ret ttatns 

Frota W. C. Sixons a Co.. Rfcaaomi i Pmss 

-• Brfacmtloa. By uW *u 

K«t. J uses Gibbon, D.D. t<e, taper, pa, ay 

FroaP. O-Jv itiKamMfa 

oasSabjKtt. Il» II JUlTixaa VtL 
IV. tiao.pp.SOT. 

Frota Lit A Saanus, Bottoa: Tbe Yen. Br 
D. C Cokawottay. i.buj, pp. w. 

Proa B. O'Kmt, Nt. York < TkW! Aattsl 
Ka. 

It was about thirty . 

this that the Marquis de la Rock, 

atkman of Brittany, recottd! 

from i V. a commission at 

lieutenant-general of the kii 

the countries o: luelaga, 

Newfoundland, Labrador, River of ] 

the Great Bay [S:. Lawrcnc 

imbegue, and adjacent lands." 

fitted out a vessel to 

territory. Landing on Sable 

;!cs from the mainland 
[598), Ik- 
colony of forty convicts whom 
had drawn from the French 
coasted awhile 1 ■ shores 

Acadia (Nova Scot;;; 
complishing anything of value, 
then went back to France, 
ry winds prevented his taking 
the wretched colony of Sable 
and it was not until seven years 
that the king, hearing u: 

ent a ship to their 1 

• remained alive, 
were brought to court in the 
guise in which tin f«nA 

" covered , with tair 

and beard of a length and disotfcr 
that made them re ie pre- 

! river-gods, and so disngsoel 
as to inspire horror. The king gaw 
them fifty crowns apiece, and sew 
them home , all process 

of law." The cx\ 
Monts and Pontgrave (1604) mu 
more fortunate. It resulted in the 
settlement of Fort Royal (Annapo- 
lis) by M. de Poutrincourt, under a 
grant from M. de Monts, 
confirmed by the crown; it b 
forwai de Champlain, who 

was soon to play so distinguished a 
part in the exploration and settle- 
ment of Canada; and it offered a 
career to the Jesuit missionaries, 
whose heroism reflected jo much 



the colony. The king 

imaicl to M. dc Poutnn- 

dien i ncd the gnat 

il, that it was proper to 

he Ji the new colon v; 

r his majesty's desire, two 

Km selected from the many 

untcercd to go. These were 1". 

-mond M as.se. 

to ay, the first difficulties 

•.ountered were from their own 

men. " If. tic Poutrincourt 

very worthy ma 

erely attached to 
holic religion; but the cal- 
of the so-called Reformers 
durcd an impression on his 
r»d he was fully dctem 
take them to Port Royal, 
not, however, show anything 
to the king, who, li 
his orders, had no doubt 
It they were executed with 
The Jesuits thought 
d P. Biard, at the com- 
lent of the year [1608], 
ed to Bordeaux, where lie 
ured the embarkation would 
,ce. ouch wronged 

o preparation there ; and he 
i 1 for a whole year. The 
iformcd of this, K] 
Poutrincoutt sharp 
:r pledged his word to the 
at he would no longer defer 
is He actually 

to go; but, a* he 
f embarking the mi 
Hon paid him a visit, to 
lim to do so in a friendly 

ncourt begged hh 

i enough to postpone it till 

owing year, as Port Royal 

means in a > to 

fathers. So frivolous a 

regarded by I'. Cotton 

but he did not deei 

press the matter or in- 

e king. M. <ic Poutrincourt 

ly sailed for Acadia; and, 



727 

with a view of showing the court 
that the ministry of the Jesuits was 
not necessary in the conversion of 
the heathen, he had scarcely arrived 
befo: rat the king a list of 

twenty-five Indians baptised in 
haste." Meanwhile, the king died, 
and Poutrincourt 1 
thereupon released fro 
lion. It was in this difficulty that 
the Marchioness tie Gucrchcville, 
whose name is so honorably associ- 
ated with American adventure, dc- 

.1 benelf the protr I the 

ions. But the story of the 
troubles lis powerful advo- 

cate had to overcome gives us a 
curious idea of the manner in which 
American affairs were regulated at 
the French court. Bicncourt, 
BOB of M. de Poutrincourt, was a' 
sailing for Acadia, and consented to 
take the mi the 

fathers reached I 1 lieocourt 

had changed his mind, or been over- 
ruled by his two Hugui nets, 
and passage I . dc 
Guercheville had recourse to the 
queen mother, who gave a perci 
tory order that the Jesuits should 
be taken on board. I u as 
laughed at, and nobody attempted 

- ier» 
cbeville raised a subscription, bou, 
off tl !ed- 

ed to ti Not 

finding his title clear, she purchased 
of M. dc Monts all his 
leges, with the purpose of reviving 

1 1 and formed a partnership with 
Bicncourt, under which the subsist- 
ence of the missionaries was to be 

.1 from the fis 1 rur trade. 

Thus at last a woman accomplished 
what the king had failed in, 

i and F. Masse reached the scene 
of their labors in 16 tr. 

Mme. <le Guerchevflle soon fell 
o-.it with Pool md resolved 

to found a colony of her own. She 



Shta's Cliarl,, 



de=: under thcSici i 

\i. > \<\ 1613. The settlers 

■rt, ami there 
began a settlement, bringing 

from Port Royal, 

with them alio 
.othei itcn- 

tin. and a lay brother, Du Tnct. 
The narrative of the destruction of 
this settlement at well as Port Royal 
by the I ig adven- 

turer Argall, from Virginia . 
liar to all American rcad( 
colony had not yet a* : 1 egu- 

lated form when the ..nan 

swept down upon it, cat c of 

the settlers to Virginia, and 
rest to sea in a small bark- The 

imong whom was F. Masse, were 
picked op by a French ship, and 
carried to St Malo. iicrs, 

ii harsh treatment at Jan 
town from Sir Thomas Dale, were 
taken back to Acadia with an 1 
diticn sent to complete (be 
lion of the French posts. Argall 
performed his task thoroughly, and 
s<t sail again for Virginia. Of his 
three vessels, scattered in a storm, 
was lost ; another, under his 
own command, rei mestown 

in safety ; the third, bearing Fathers 

d Quentin (Brother du I 
had been kill -all's first at- 

tack), and having one Turncli for 
in, was driven to the Ax 
J to seek shelter at Eayal. 
Here the Jesuits had only 1 1 

\ <;f the outrages to which they 
had been subjected, and they would 
been at once avenged. Tur- 
ncli was alarmed, and begged them 
to keep concealed when the officers 

ressel '1 
consented with good gra. 
visit over, the English captain had 

rty to buy all that he needed, 
after which he again weighed an- 
chor, and the rest of his voyage 

But he found himself in 



a new embarrassment 1 
England : he 
and, although he repre 
lie had 

. 
upon as a desertc- 
and \ . fron 

was release*! only • 
of the Jesuits. After this 
was nnweark Ma 

e of the 
liberators, and especially a 
they had done him at 
they returned good for etri 
so £' forcgoiai 

-. nn 
obtained by making ti 
known. Nothing, indeed, 1 

to compel •.hem 

land, where they were vet 
treated as 

however, v>ere now firmly est 
and Quebec 1 

1 c 
this town, .er 

coveries of Champlain, 
tions of the sctth 
Iraqi 
bee to the 

.1, who v 
birth, 

lish service, are told by F. 
at considerable ten 
1629 that Quebec u' 

aftcrwai ..lick 

by ti 

of St. Germain. ( 
ed witli the title of 1 • 

1G33. and beg 
that realo : ilighte 

of mi by wb 

won so glorio 
may well style him a 
Entrusted with 
ment of the young < 
his part to cxpJor. 
with crucifix and missal, 
into 
teacher of the Gospel, 



S/ira's Charlevoix. 



729 



to suffer unheard-of 
even itako; but lie 

fulfilled an important, 
inditfN n in 

hment of t 1 mis- 

id and 
f the Jesuits and other 
gave their lives so freely 
Indians, lie took catc 
umber of these devoted 
uld be invited to the 
and that the settlers them- 
ve an example of 
. ir thai might do 
o thi Iters. •• In a 

ys Charlevoix, " almost 
composed the new colony 
n to follow the example of 
r, nnd make an open 
profession 
tion was continued in 

t year-;, and theft soon 

ii part of America, a gene- 

as, among 

gncd the simplicity of the 

ages of the church, and 

tcrity have not lost sight 

• left them by 

1 • • 1 : 4ation 

eh a afforded the 

appointed to cultivate this 

ted vineyard so sweetened 

of the most painful mis- 

pcrtups established in the 

Id, that what they wrote 

brethren in France CTC 

em a real eagerness to go 

their labors. '! 

which we have of r 

the constant tra- 
reserved in the country, both 
t tlicre was an bable 

ttached to this Indian 

• it preferred to 
bers infinitely more briUianl 
more fruitful." Cham- 
er, however, .-. 

He died 
as day, in 1633. " He 
be called," says the his- 



torian. •■ the father of New France, 
good sense, much penetra- 
r.ian 
was ever more skilled in adopting 
a course in the mosi 
affairs. What all ada 
him was his 1 • in follow 

up his enterprises; his firmness in 
the greatest dangers; a courage 
proof against the most unforeseen 
reverses and disappointments ; 
dent and disinterested patriot 
a heart .ssionate 

for the unhappy, and more atttfll 
to the ii; mends than 

his own ; a high sense of honor, and 
great probity. His memoirs show 
that he was not ignorant of anytl. 
that one of his 

know; and we find HI him a faith- 
ful and sincere historian, an attentive- 
writer, a good ni.itliematiei.in, ami 
an able mariner'. 1 I crowns 

all these good qualities is the fact 
that in his life, as well as in his writ- 
ings, he show . j ; a truly 
i t the sert 
>d, full of candor and religion. 
He ■ tomed to say, what we 
read 

tion of a single soul was worth more 
[neat of an empire, and 
that kings should seek tu extend 
main to heathen countries 
■:.'" 
We have 1 ic deeper 

into these attractive volumes than 
we intended, and wc must pass 
the remaining boi 
the growth <; :tl< 

incuts. :ii the Indian 

after ChamplahV 

ties with the English, and the pre 

grcss of the 1 :her can 

linger over the fascinating story 
Mar.piette's v the 

I of 

I.a Salle, or the various alter; 

colonizing the shores of • 



Shea's Chart* 



Gulf. What little space remain* for 
. c roust give to an examination 
l portion of Mr. Shea's labor 
which hat not yet been duly estimat- 
ed. Me has given much more than 
a translation of F. Charlevoix's His 
■x is rendered with great 
e, and we presume with great 
into simple, graceful, 
The pecu- 
i the original, in the ortho- 
grap' d in oiiicr 

particulars, arc all preserved. It is 
indeed < c"i work, as exactly 

as any work can be rcprodtn 
language different author's. 

Ilut Mr. wed upon i: 

an ed .ipervision which near- 

ly doubles its value. With extraor- 
dinary zeal, learning, and intelli- 
gence, he 1>3S traced almost every 
statement to its source, collated rare 
authorities, and in modest and coin- 
•i.u • t footnotes, whose number must 
amount to several thousands, has 
: cted errors, identified localities, 
thrown a perfect flood of li 
upon doubtful passages and contro- 
% cried statements. The patient in- 
dustry, the rare judgment, and the 
unassuming - M r. 

has brought to the execution 
can only be 
preciated by one who has studied 
in. work with some care, and lo 
whom foiv.ili.inty with the subject 
has taught something of its difficul- 
l not only been at the 
pains of consulting the authors to 



•Ay re- 
fers, weighing the soundness of F 
Charlevoix's conclusions from their 
testimony, and correcting hi 
tions, but he has made it a j 
discover the authorities whom the 
good father followed without quoting, 
and he has often pursued devious 
statements backward thru 
of forgotten books, until he has 
reached at last the sober trui 
which Doing th: 

out parade, without verbosrt] 
with an icy impartiality. Mr. Shea has 
approved himself a mod. 
Tnc outward appearance of the 

nines will delight the heart of 
the fastidious collect 
tiful and symmetrical arrangement 
of the generous pages, 
elegance of type, such rich a 
fined tints, such noble n 
such magnificent paper — every leaf 
stout enough to stand alone — these 
things make up the gorgeous appar- 
el in which the work has been dress- 
ed, we may say, by Mr. Shea's own 
hands. Excellent engravings add 
not merely to its appearance but its 
value. There are - por- 

traits of governors, a< s, and 

missionaries ; there arc 
of autographs; there arc copies of 
curious old ma; Final- 

ly, the book is furnished with a co- 

and systemati •-—ami 

so Mr. Shea shows himself con- 
scientious alike as an editor and 
publisher. 



Madame Agnes. 



73" 



MADAME AGNES. 
row m raixru or chaiild duioii 
CHAPTER XXII. 
I ttMY O* KITIItR II 



hat I have just related took 
i the month of August. I 
at that time extremely anxious 
it Victor, but an uncxp; 
ovement took place in his condi- 
■ftei ! he was 

•r to tally ag 

to know how his sick 6 

but he only came to sec us 
i, an«l then merely for a 
jtc.s. He only left St. M 

regret. He seemed to reel 
renting himself, he left the field 
r to his bold rival, as it was now 
ent he was, and at a time when 
attack wa* threatened ag. 
t he -d the most — the 

1 work he had begun, and Hu- 
e's affection. He did not. there- 

inform us at that time of ail I 
f just related. On the i 
were leli in a state of painful 
rtitude. But I had every di 

later day, even the very thoughts 
©th parties, and from their own 

owever, Albert was not fitted to 

the part of a man of gra\ ity or 

of a hypocrite for a long time. 

that, more perseverance and 

jty than he had were required. A 

lous man like him may, by carc- 

ratch ov :, assume an 

arancc of thotightfuluess, but he 

soon shun- himself in nil true 

3 through weariness, or at an 

aided moment. He had hardly 

in the itouse a fortnight before 

lincomciously showed wlut he 

it the bottom tit He 

at a late hour, he resumed his 



habit of careful attention to his to 
he lounged about from morning till 
night, convening only of ti. 
things or discussing points he was 
ignorant of, and read romances of a 
doubtful • • bl from 

hiding, he left about in his room. 
Eugenic kept an eye open to ail 
these things. She wati rcow- 

sin nth the i . she 

inherited from her father ; she drew 
her own conclusions,.- I by 

treating him just as she used to 
like a spoiled child she loved bee . 

v.-a-s a relative, but would not, 
on any account, have for a husband. 
Albert tried now m , resume 

I lis gravity; he went to church, 

used the loftiest themes. Vain 

rts>1 1 lis uncle and cousin knew 
what to think of it all. Albert 
ceived it, and was furious. 

■■•.. Smithson alone man : 
an c for him. 

Her iflecUon for his mother as well 
u himself, and i iwkdged 

but constant I 

petty to come into the posscv 
of her own family by the marriage 
of the two Ci 

la her nephew. l!ut of what 
account was Mmc. Sin: the 

? Very little. Albert was 
det no Utusioa on this point, and 
therefore had never attached much 
impc i i his aunt's 

For two or three da.] died 

over the stratagem he had formed for 
awakening unfavorable sentiments 
in his cousin*! heart in. en- 

gineer. But Eugenie's suspicions 
could not last long without her seek- 



732 



xmt Agnes. 



ing an explanation. Then all WO 
be ; felt that Loin did 

not i If, OO the other 

band, ic was not in lose 

Louis, 'he would keep her coi 
lur: elf, and merely with- 

draw her favor from him. 

Albert's affairs, therefore, had not 
1 1 my respect taken the turn he 
hoped in the begin; >V'hat 

can be done ? Whal can be done e" 
he wid to himself. " I must devise 
some way of getting rid of this fellow 
who fc disturbing my uncle ami 
gen-rv pcarc of mind so much. 

Engl must be brought to a. Ci 
If Loin were only dismissed, my 
cousin in her despair would accept 
me as licr husband. My uncle would 
manifest no opposition out of regard 
for . iter all, I 

aid not lie at: 
law. At all events; 1 should have 
the satisfaction o( routine ■ creature 
1 detest Whether Eugenic loves 
n never, no, Hi 
r this artful B 
If my coming only serves to drive 
I ic glad I cane." 

Such calculations were extremely 
. I nit it must 
be remembered that Albert was de- 
void of piety, he coveted nil coir 
dowry, and his antipathy to Louis 
became stronger every day. People 
destitute of moral principle and re- 
ligious faith hate those who possess 
the good -iualities they lack li 
selves. hi to 

Uiud ■ regard to Li 

but the more h;ni. the 

more clearly he saw he was incon- 
testably a man of great depth, tin* 
cere piety, and u 
At first i wotth, but he 

Eugenie daring this time was 
extremely sal sad preoccupied, 
though no one would have suspect- 
ed what was passing in the depths 



of her soul. The poor girl eooH 
no longer ronceal it from h 
she loved Louis. But she waj 
uncertain as to bis love 
She even asked herself— and the 
was an additional torture — if he »ai 
worthy of the affection she bote 
him. You will not ! : bed 

sni: 
was, she was a woman to be driven 
in such a conjuncture to the >ert 
step Albert was aiming at. Only 
one thing was wanting to effect tax 
—the necessil thdmwing her 

esteem a noble 

nature like hers, it would hare 

r.chcd her love and broken her 
very heart to despise the object of 
her affections. 

rs were in this condition 
when a new incident came to the 
aid 

son, it will be well to recall, vts 
not originally a man 

Honest broker, or one 
who lacked shrcwdn him 

into a succession ol ante 

Repeated losses were 
the result. Mr. Smithson p 
his property was dim. ::i an 

alarming manner. He .it once set- 
tled up his affairs, and, by the 
vice of Louis' father, bought 

! at St. M , the p 

of which had just died. This was 

in every respect an advantageous 

investment: First, it 

from the arena of 'ions, 

where fortune, conscicivce, 

nor are daily risked ; in 

place, the mill he purchased brought 

in a fine income. Bo -. no 

II affair to conduct su< 

rise, employing as 
six hundred workmen. 

Mr. Smithson's predecessor, a 
man perfectly familiar with the 
business, directed the estal 
himself. ling went on pros- 



im. In a few months, 
w he was going wrong. The 
ucn were indolent, the machi- 

detcrJorated, i ig was 

ieOt to 

lit al, intelligent, ant! 
in order to conduct a mantl- 
ing concern; a man must have 
•cial knowledge of mc< 1 
s faculty of adaptation which 
iii did not possess. He 
r>e conscious of this, and rcsolv- 

d a book-keeper of 
id intelligence to keep his ae- 
s,an<.l an engineer eq 
his business. They were both 
found, but the book-keeper 
proved suitable. The engineer 
cat knowledge enough, 
vas d' i energy. The 

men and overseers soon per- 
il it, and profited by it to do 
and less. The engine*. 
arged and Louis chosen to fill 
lace. 

sin the time of Louis' arrival, 

of everything changed. 

workmen .' )!<>w had a 

.i.l with that was 

tble but just. The overseers 

were inclined to resist b 

;y. They were sharply repri- 

led, and the most mutinous 

Mr. Smiihson, warned 

iencc, seconded 

> with all the weight of his 

>rity. He gave him absolute 

ol of the manufactory vh 

•., and never failed to 
to hi) suppurl whenever Louis 
I severe measures ncces. 
1 this did not take place, it may 
be supposed, without exciting 
mnrmurs and secret rancor, 
ng tin 

lislicd with this necextary riijur 

tn overseer by the name of Du- 

who came to the mill some 

before Louis. He was a 

about forty years of age, of 



lofty stature, a sombre face expres- 
sive of energy, aud grave and fluent 
of speech. He came provided with 
the best recommen. lit it was 

afterwards learned they rged. 

This man succeeded both in intimi- 
dating the (.: who preceded 
Louis, and acquiring his favor. 
Half through feu, and half v, 
ncss, he lUon I ad to assume 
an authority he in many 

When Loo >:ii this 

weak man so afraid of Dnrand, there 
more than one contest between 
him and the ovcrscci. Their last 
altercation had been very violent, 
bed the engineer before 
all the workmen, and in so bold a 
manner that Mr. S;ni: ,rtn- 

ed of what had taken place, at once 
discharged h: giw 

up his situation, Dun ;tcd 

to the humiliation of begging Louis' 
pardon. Notwithstanding this, he 
was merely kept on sufferance, 
though he was well paid, for he was 
clever in his way, am] in one KB. 

. ursecr: ROOM kept belter 
line. 
Astonishing as it may seem, when 
Louis instituted the c hooh 

Durand was the first i . as- 

sistance, monitor. 

One thing, however, tried Lottit: his 
monitor, a In ays polite WCtr 

ful to his fkci . the habit of 

whispering b. back, . 

etly conniving with tb 
But not!; irred u> justify his 

if, ami Louis at length ceas- 
ed to attach any importance to the 
overseer's Strange ways. When the 
night-school closed, a 

little be- 
fore Louis to iiui-.li the evening at 

the St. M cafe, which was great- 

quentcd by the inhabitants of 
the place. Tl 

harangued at his ■ 

the reputation of being the a 



734 



Madamt Agnts. 



talker in the country around. A 
his political opinions, the)- were not 
positively known. He was suspect- 
ed of being a demagogue, and even 
;>ut there was no proof 
of it. I : 

religious belief. Her-. If a 

Protestant, aii'. Ugh one. 

Jbert began to Bad 
the life be was leading at his uncle's 
wearisome and monotonous. The 
ings especially seemed inter- 
minable. Mr. Smithson rea.i. M 

ataorbexi in h 
try, ami Bugonie played on the 
BO. Albert did not know what 
to do with himself. He did not 
dare have recourse to a novel ; con- 
ation with his aunt was not very 
enlivening: ami. if he addressed 
himself I lie, she showed so 

.ii in embarrassing Mm on 
every subject that he avoided the 
occasion of audi 

ttage. V« idi ., Eugenie's 
lupei irritated him. Had it 

been (br her fortune, which he 
found more re attractive, 

and her beau >ukl 

not remain insensible, he would at 
once have given up all thoughts of 
marrying her. But her property oa 
the one hand, and her beauty on 
the other, deterred him. However, 
with his frivolous mind, he soon 
found it intolerable to be confined 
to his cousin's society every evening, 
. (or the purpose of paying court 
to hi :. i toe night, it suddenly oc- 
curred toll i) to the cafe, 
after that he went there regularly 
t dinner to pass an hour. He 
was well rj cordially, espe- 
cial);, tod, who at once 1 1 
every effort to win his favor. The 
wily overseer was so profuse in re- 
spectful attentions that in a few -t\ 
ings they were rand, with 
his i. o penetration, soon dis- 
covered from some indutcxeet word* 



Albert dropped what « 
his shallow mind. 1 1 e 
was desirous of marrying 
and so suspicious of I. 

fur o 
I than to see him disi 
Durand at once i to gi 

ben's ■! profit by 

involve Louis u iocs 

embarrassment. He was detei 
ed to have his revenge at whs. 
cost, but it was necessary to pri 
with caution. He began by soi 
ike sure of his 
to Loots, that he really wi 
for hi 1, and if he 

what means were employed provi 
cd the end 

Durand gave himself no r 
he was sure of all this — a c 

|uired the day when Albert, rn- 
il ..i the unfavorable progras 
affairs, resolved to bring lliisp 
to a si ving Dies 

['he 
Albert lefl ■ !e, and 

proposed he should aceon 
him to the manufactory, where be 
rd. 
illingly, my good fellow. 
Albert. It was a fine evening in 
the month of September. They set 
oft* together by the road t 
along the river half-hidden among 
trees, through which the moon dif- 
fused its purest radiance. 

" We do not see you any more si 
the mill," said Durand. " 1 •' 

ivc stojipol 
visiting the school . . . Would that 
be any indi i i telling you the 

reason that lias occurTcii 
" Not the least in the w 
•' Well, then, if I am not mi 
there is some one at the mill net 
exactly to your liking. . . 
somebody keeps yo I 
"That may " 
■• \h I I am no fool. I tJ 

: out the cause of our be- 



Madame Agnes. 



735 



! >f your visits. It must 
.omething serious. Sec 
if I haven't sonic wit left, . . . The 
person )ou dislike is M. Louis, is it 
not ?- 

'• You are right, my friend," re- 
plied Albert, patting Uurand on the 
■boulder in a familiar manner. 

"There are others who do not 
like him any better than you." 

•i are his assistant 

at the school, and seem on the best 

iim." 

•' Stem t Yes, I seem ; but to seem 

and be are sometimes very different 

things. Listen: the very instant I 

saw you — excuse my frankness — you 

inc with so much confidence 

ibat, faith, I feci inclined to tell you 

on my mind. It would do 

mc good." 

" Do not be afraid of my betray- 
ing you, men (Aery speak to mc as a 
men 

•• O monsieur I you are too kind. 
Well, since you allow me, 1 tell 
you plainly I do not like that man ; 
t at all." 
*• lie has been insolent and over- 
bearing towards you, I know." 

" If that were all, I could forgive 
him. Hut it ii not a question of 
myself. I dislike, I detest him for 
another reason. Whoever likes Mr. 
Smithson cannot like the engineer, 
as 1 can convince anybody 

(plain yourself; I do not ex- 
actly understand you." 

II— but swear you will never 
repeat what I am going to say." 

•' I give you my word, ni 
never br 

p this M. Louis b a 
Tartuffe — a Jesuit; such men are 
dangetous. Woe to the houses they 
enter ! He has wasted all his prop- 
erty, we know how I 1 1 ta mc ! 
. . . Then he artfully obtained a 
place in your uncle's imil, where he 



has assumed more and more author- 
its ; he tries to influence the minds 
of the workmen ; he . . . wishes to 
marry your cousin. . . . I'arbUul I 
may as well say aloud what every- 
body is sating En sc i 

" Do they say that, Durand V 
" Yes, that is the report. But his 
art and hypocrisy arc in vain. More 
than one of D ind his pro- 

jects. . . . And let me assure you 
we tremble lest he succeed ! There 
■vv ill be fine doings when the n 
passes into the hands of this Jesuit, 
who will spend all of Mr. Smithson's 
property, and prepare him a pitiful 
old age. Do you sec now why I 
cannot endure that man ? Oh ! if I 
were master I would soon set him a* 
1i\ Ing. . - . line 1 on not the master, 
. . . it is he who is likely to be. If 
body could only get him dis- 
missed!" 

" Yes, yes," said Albert, in a con- 
ceited tone. '• I . 

in what —a great deal, in 

fact. . . . Since 1 have been here, I 
have watched and studied his move- 
ments, and agree with you th. 

rather an unlucky day for my 
node v. inn he admitted thb intriguer 
into his house. His scheme* make 
me anxious." 

" Is there no way of defeating 

them 

" It would be no easy matter." 
" Comet now ! As if you, Mr. 
Smitlison's nephew; you who have 
uniag than nil of us put to- 
gether — who have mure wit than I, 
though I am no fool — as if you could 
Ii if you wished tol 
. . . You could never make mc be- 
lieve that." 

"What caj [do? I certainly 
ask for nothing better than to 

■ tome dutfii : kyj but how? 

lie perforins his duties with cxaspc- 

liiy." 

" Oh ! it is not on that score ^oa 



Madame Agties, 



must attack him; he is too cunning 
jit there." 
•' Well, if he is not at fault, do you 
to moke him out so?" 

is what must be 

See here, M. Albert, as you 

know of no way, I will tell you an 

idea that has come into my head ; for 

1 long time contri. 
some means of driving that roan 
away. ll.it I must first warn yr>u 
not to take my plan for more than it 
rth. If it is not a good one, we 
-vera better one." 
-I us hear St," 

man at the 
mill who tells me he does not intend 
to remain. This man has been to 
the evening-school several tiroes. It 
Louis has lent him religious books. 
.... Can't vuu gOCn What 1 a:n 

•• No." 

iiy [.'Lin. Tin 
■i 1 are linked together. 
It would be a long story to tell how 
and why. It 1 should go to htm — 
to-morrow, for instance— and 
IDS, 1 know you intend tau 

St. M . Wiil you do your friend 

.or before you go ? Rid m< 
that engineer. 1 do not mean for 
m oi do i u in .'my harm : 
we are neither of us murderers. I 
simply pi him 

some trick, as they call it. You arc 
good terms ■■■■ ilk- him: he li 

lad tell him you 
have come to consult btffl about 
some doubts oa the subject of reli- 
gion. Beg bim to enlighten you. 
Ask for some controversial *01 

(be possi- 
bility of abjuring your religion. You 
will naturally be open in your pro- 
jects. You will even talk of them 
with an air of profound conviction. 
I boa "ill cause some noise. I shall 
!:• . ue of ne- 
cessity, I shall have a violent dis- 



pute with the engineer, *•!->■ 
course ige Mr. S 

interfere.' I know he is not disputes' 
to jest al»ut such matters. Once 
the affair is brought before 1 
engineer is lost. 1 will not ^ 
a week to remain at the mill 
that . . . Such is my idea; %ka 
do you think of 

" Durand, you are a 
Your plan is admirable. The mo- 
ment my uncle finds the engineer is 
to props 
', as you say. You must pet 
your project into execution ■ 
any delay." 

" I am n'-d to see you approve of 
it, not only bccausi rs tny 

self-love, but because it makes me 
more hopeful of success. I 
be better ! however, if yoa 

would promise to help us in cue 
you ai ... tt 

sure of succeeding in our plan. The 
. and Mr. 
way of acting is not always 
Ami if we sboulil 
fail— if I get inl . . . 

" I promise to stand by you. 
Rest assured I shall not lx: 
ward in trying my . influ- 

ence my uncle against him. This 
will be easy, for he already <1 
the engineer. Nevei 
ish you .y cau- 

tious. No one i 

est suspicion ol Suc- 

cess then won! '.-." 

"Ada ii lack wil 

will know how to manage, i; 
thing alarms me, and will him. If 
his conversion were to offend Mr. 
ion i • such a degree as to 
cause ignuel 

could he gO MrCOssV 

mem: 

" Why. how simple you are I All 
turned to his ad* 
As soon as he sees my uncle 
cd, he must ask for a )• 



Madame Agnes. 



717 



, consult him as to hi 
pretend to yield to hit . 
He must end by avo 
letcrmioatioii to remain a Pro- 
nt, :.: :ig he li.id been led 

' bv die engineer. The result ii 
sot" 

You are sharper than 1. I 
hink of that. Yotu idea makes 
cthing safe, and settles the n 

And when shall the first shot be 

To-morrow." 

i:. : on - qu lion more. ... It 
Id be vexatious if the engineer 
«d the hut and sent Adams 
•Iking." 

No danger of that. The e 
is a genuine fanatic. I am sure 
iat, and 1 have had an opp 
of judging." 

'hilc thus conversing, our two 
pirators had ched the 

rated without being 
. Albert was radiant. As he 
ed, he said to himself: " Why 
I not think of this sen 
1 . . . It is i and 

iOt fail I A saint like the ei 
will r.sk everything to 
. . . And yet, if he should 
d, as Durum! said ; if lie is only 
.tholic outwardly ! . . . That 
Id be embarrassing I Strange! 
>nce, I hope the fcllo n 

« following morning, Du: 
a private opportunity of gii 
associate his instructions, 

.t Adams begged Louis to 
t him an interview in his room 
school. 

»e interview took place. Unrand 
only told the tnith : Adams was 
rlful fellow — one of those men 
conceal uncommon dupl 
it the appearance of perfect can- 
He had been Durand's tool 
1 long time. The latter had 
-47 



; htm more than one scr I 
and employed him in numerous 
fraudulent ti he 

generously rewarded him for. Du- 
I lent money upon pledge to 
men in difficulty. He unlawful- 
ly appropriated a I I ob- 
:he manut'act' had 
then sold, i [i 

hon'. ., as 

he called him. wa&Adai i was 

nay be supposed. 

was, had ficulty in pcrsuad- 

in his in- 
tention of abj'i: But 
he dwelt on •; with such 
aieoi sincerity, he manifested so 
Dg a desire to be rescued from 
error, if he vaa in error, that Louis 
immediately proposed he ibi 
suit the <ur/. Adai i '.lie 
rwr/iatiraidated him ; he was more at 

urn with Louis, and could I 

to him nith perfect openness of 

heart. " If I have to go to the 

<•«/■/," said he, " well, then, I shall 

i it. I do not wish to c.v 

that would 

be made. After all, mon- 

:.'' he added, " 1 | m 

doubt. 1 am nut yet ! of 

being in eiror. V, itly 

I ■ a, oh ! then I nit] no longer con- 
ceal my sentiments. Jiut meanwhile, 
I do not wish c. to know 

: :y villi." 

These pi ittsible statements ban- 
ished I-ouis' suspicions. H 
cd the young man in his room seve- 
ral evenings in succession. Hal 

■ mull book, easy of compre- 
hension, that contained a thorough 

refutation of Protestantism. I'oor 
Louis 1 he behaved he- 

roism on this occasion. From the 
first he foresaw ail the trouble such 
v to cause hint. 
ceive himself as to the 
result of this • He find an 



738 






ledtale presentiment Mth» 

son's anger, and 

intolerable position he would be in 
if t k place. No 

matter, he wnulil brave every:: 
ratbi is duty as a 

obliged him to 
point out the true religion to all who 
.( it. 
He was also preoccupied at this 
remembrance of what 
hail taken place tt Viiiceueau's. and 
suffered from the coolness I 
manifested towards him. lie saw 
}ie wai kept more at B distance than 
by -N'r. , who lu 

in as a dangerous man. 
Louis' iituation, it must be confcss- 
mu distressing. I ic would have 
least one 
soling word from the 1 pt Hi her 
whom he loveil. ami before war:. 
saw he had been • •!. Thifl 

unhoped-for hap] at last 

granted him unci. 

I uui.s hail just been I l 
see I i family, v 

in a worse plight than ever. The 
father had taken to d» 
mail I tl:e mother had a lit 

indolence, that kept her away from 
the mill. M alone worked 

tor the i nSjCi I iii- 

been there to reason with the mi il 
who i the worst possible te- 

rn, lie tried to encourage the 
,hter, but without success. Ma- 
deleine had alsn, to jo me degree, the 
family weakness — a lack of energy 
of character. 

Louts hd ..way unusually 

dejected. On his way back to the 
manufactory, v.kile dwellin:-. 
these unfortunate people, then on 
Adams, who that . ..A .--pcik- 

en of soon abjuring his 
and finally on Victor, about whom 
just received the most alarm- 
ing ii i--, he roc: lace 
to face. She turned pale at seeing 



i^ceting 
extrem 

ais* sadness redoubled. Ht 
took a sudden resolution. " I watt 
justify myself," he said, . . . aa< 
!ated as he was— the mw 
who loves with a pure affection n 
always timid— he stopped and 
ed l>: 

lie, address- 
] 1 have a f.< 

■• What is i:. monsieur ?" 
"Among the pc*>" la 

intcrc-steil in is one 1 have neret 
spoken to you about" 
ndcr no 
to inform mc of 
families you visit." 

" I know it, mademoiselle ; but. ss 
I am not ashamed of any of ".lis 

j to, I have ;i 
concealing them. If I hat 

fore spoken of this family, it 
for a special reason. The* 
people, of ccoean, 

were recom 
Franchise. 

interest in one of the mem 
the household — a giil by the nam* 
©1 Madeleine. She feared lest pov- 
erty and her parents' bad example 

ogtr to 
a UK- 
proachablc in bet condu 
in character, like her father sod 
mother. Francoisc ma: 

iicggcd this f. m, ma- 

demoiselle, 

her. Slic knew Mule- 
were envious, aad 
regarded the rich with an e« 
She feared exposing you to irapeni- 

if she brought you in i 
with them. Conseque:: 
icndcd them to i 
leinc ' me of your call at 

the h >ur kindness t 

the mother. As to the fall 



cful passion for drink has bru- 
i him." 

igenie listened with undisguis- 
itercst, and softened as I*ouis 
nued. When he had finished, 
laid: "What do you vrir.li 
o? to show some interest in 

?" 

t would be a very timely act 

harity. The mother has not 

any work fur several days, the 
r is gone from morning till 
:, and the (laugh i. 

You can rouse her courage 
i better than I. And allow 
iy, mademoiselle, that the difii- 
« that once might have hinder- 
Mi being removed, this work, for 
' reasons, is much more sutt- 
for v .:■_■." 

will go to see them." 
("hank you, mademoiselle," re- 
Louis. «' I am overwhelmed 
cares and oc< end give 

imily up to you with pleasure." 
>o you not mean to visit them 
nore?" 

e a great mind not to." 
Vhy i 

t is a delicate subject, but I 
. the less I go there, the better." 
I understand you, ... but still 
not think you are right, fkii if 
W/, aJvienne que pourra, * is my 
o. Is it not your-. 
!t would be, mad 
world were HOI SO 

is, people even of the be;: 
ons cannot take too many | 
ons. I confess there is nothing 
;ad more than calumny. It al- 
i does injury, and it is hard to 
we arc losing the eslccm of those 
te good wc desire the 

•r 

• 

People who allow themselves to 
influenced by calumny cannot 
t much character." 

• Do rosr Mir. n»c vttel I 



" Do you think so, mademoi- 
selle?" 

" I am sure of it. Before doubt- 
ing a person I have once esteen 
I wait till their acts openly condemn 
than. If I ii "iv.- the misfortune 
despise ti it ii ticcausc tl 

. 

These words were uttered :n ■ 
significant tone. Eugenie then left 
Louis abruptly with a gracious and 
dignified salutation. 

B stood looking at her 
went nwnjr, admiring 
form and Um exquisite distinction 
of her whole This, sudden 

meeting with her seemed like one of 
those glimpses of the sun that son 
times occur in 

violent n God; 

he felt happy at hi r Indirect assur- 
ance that she still regarded I 
esteem. He asked himself if she did 
not love him. He did I 
lieve it, but was almost ready to do 
so. One fear alone m n all 

its strength — the fear of iitcurring 
Mr. Smithson's anger by co-op 
ing in the convcrsii' una. 

Ah I if LOOM had not been hearti- 
ly devoted to his faith, how soon he 
would have d trouble- 

some neophyte I But, no ; he ought 
not, he 
him- 

uiu,i had fflOl - i :-i in a peculiar 
inert Fait ce que doit, ativuntu 
fottrra. . . . '• Well," thought 
li what I ought to do is to enlighten 
those who seek the truth. . . . Iv 
to a sense of duty. Eugenie i* a 
Catholic as well 

help approving of my course. If 
Mr. n is displeased] 

<laughtcr, to be consistent I 
principles, must confess that I am 

As Louis entered hi a note 

was given him from me, imploring hiui 
to come to us as soon as poo:.: 



740 



if ad nn. 



CHAITXX XXIII. 






For ten long months, Victor had 
au f fcf cd from a terrible malady that 
never lets go. Every remedy had 
been tried in vain. His disease was 

asb of a peculiar kind aa>i 
the most alarming character. The 
mo physicians we consulted could 
only reply when their patient insist- 
ed on knowing the troth : ■ Your ill- 
ness is of an extremely serious na- 
ture ; but you are young, and at your 
age nature often find* unexpected re- 
sources in a time of danger." 

It was impossible to cure him. 
They coubl only prolong fats life, and 

was the aim of the physicians. 

iint of care, they succeeded in 

keeping him alive nil the beginning 

mber. Then the disease, 

whose ravages we had not realised, 

suddenly came to a crisis. Throi 

the whole course of his suffer- 
ings, I had, in spite of everything, 
cherished a secret hojte in t.. 
of my heart When one of those 
able turns came peculiar to 
such complaints, I Haltered myself 
that he would get well, and a i 

;i I iii\ self to a foolish joy. 1 
joy, so natural, and yet so unreasona- 
ble. g»\c Victor pain. He endeavored 
to moderate it in a thousand ingen- 

wd delicate ways. He himself 
was never under any illusion. His 

•;s was fatal: he knew it, and 
calmly prepared himself for what he 
called the great journey. He was 
greatly afflicted to sec I was not, like 
himself, preparing for OUI separation, 
the thought of which became more 
painful in proportion to the horror 
with which I regarded it. He tried 
to banish all my false hopes, but his 

1 1] were in vain. I clung to them 
without owning it. I only gave them 
up at the time 1 have arrived at in 
my sad story. Then I began to real- 



ire the frightful truth, and. as I » 
his alarming sju i p s xa a a increase, I 
I should die. 
X at length succeeded in re- 
storing somewhat of calmness to or 
soul. With a strength of mind tin] 
increased in proportion to the new- 
ness o( that awful moment, he node 
his final preparations. He gxn 
himself up lo the contenpL 
eternal things, His friend, the good 
Abbe Merlin, administered i 
consolations of reli, 
ceived them with a I edifies 

every one, and a joy that showed 
how he had profited by his illness to 
prepare for heaven. He was al- 
ready there in longed to 
be there in reality. This touched 
me, and I confess, to my great shame, 
I reproached him in my excess* 
grief with some expressions of Ixue- 
dcss. This was the last sorrow I 
caused my poor husband. Soch 
could only come from* 
selfish soul. I now blush at the re- 
membrance. 

Ail these nei 
been t tor told use I mot 

send i Mf, We 

received my note in the c 

cry night he arrive 
high time. We all three passed de 
night together talkii ig, sod 

weeping by turns, 
us. He even forced to ex- 

press anxiety as to Louis' afluri 
The latter &pokc ol ray a* 

willingly, for h power- 

ed his sense of love. V, 
learn v Is he was u 

he said : 

I >■ friend, 1 fear they arc coo- 
some new plot against yot 

nie loves you; then 
of that in my mind; but does 
she love you well cnou; 



Madame Agnes 



1 all the difficulties that are 
g up around you ? I know not. 
ith her knowledge of you, she 
rs herself to be . i by 

le of evil intentions, it seems to 
roa will have a right to judge 
•ever 

then I could not," said 

rour answer does not surprise 
It proves I was right in my 
cssions. You love her ax much 
good man ought to love. You 
love her too well ; for I believe 
affection would render you in- 
ble to the truth rather than 
le the object of your tore," 
I'hat is true." 

not approve of that. It is 
•ight. There is only one ti 

inly one Being, a noble and 
balanced soul, a soul thoroughly 
led with pice. . i to 

above all things — that thing is 
i, that Being is God. Beli 
if Eugenie allows herself to be 
from you, it will be a proof; 
las not the worth you give her 
! also that it is not the 
jd site should become j 
Well, I will not oppose the 
gence you feel towards her. I 
:nt to it. Say to yourself she has 
deceived, that ibi nt, 

it to the divine will. Do 
utempt in ; iea to link to- 

tt the chain God himself breaks, 
rvcr dear she may be to y 
ctor seemed to have recalled all 
ncrgy of bis manly nature to D 
: woid*. His firmness and Jo 
i counsel i> ere not lost on Louis. 
! will follow your advice," slid 
" but promise to pray this so rro w 
be spared me. God has en- 
ie one I love with a soul so 
ted that it would be easy to 
; her as an angel. . . . 

I love hi 

! 1 do ii"t know 



that I shall lie permitted to pray at 
once for you in yonder world, i t 1 
can, I will pray God you may 
uni: her, if this union will 

render you happy — happ\ . 

I me, in the Christ e of 

the word ; (lust is <ppy and 

better, both of j 

In (he middle of t'. 
requested mc to go into the next 
papers he wanted. 
He availed himself of this opportun- 
iiy to recommend me to 
as I aftcrwividi leaned. 

"Agnes," said he, " has exhausted 
In; strength :; care of in 

many month.. Bel physical and 
mental sircn^ : 

titious. It is the very excesi of her 
grief that sustains b -oon as I 

am | fill he sensible of her 

weakness. I fear the i may 

prove fatal to her, i implore you to 
take her and her mot 

BC II you in the counir. 
them a tempt 

healthy and pleasant. Change of 
ire country air will do 
her inoie good than anything el 
especially if you add the benefit 
your efforts to console her, on w i 
I depend.' 1 

Louis made the required promise. 
. . . But these rccollci: 
too painful. Alas! they will alw 
be so. You will excuse mc from 

Uing on them. 
'I as :.i xi da ■•. I l< it l the > unpaiv- 
ion of my life, 'i i, w> 

full of intelligence, sweetness, and 
energy, took flight for heaven, let 

mc for ever tad and (ic- 
on earth. . . . Ohl how happy are 
tliose woiiieu whu try hour 

rath are permitted by 
retain the companionship of a i 
bud ', and worth;, 

being jo ! . . . 

ing grief had lore 



tes. 



tli-: ctor had foreseen took 

c. All at once I lost my af 

wi:i: r. My poor mo- 

r trembled lor my life. Through- 
out the day I sat motionless in an 
arm-chair, interested in no person or 
subject. My lips alone nude 
effort from time to time to murmur 
the ■■ ".>it:cr and 

sweet : •Q Lord: thou gavesthin 

thou hast taken him away ; thy 
vrill be done !" That was my only- 
prayer. I repeated it from morning 
Thus lifting my soul i 

iward, 1 (bond 

iptation to rebel which con- 
v assailed me. 
During th.ir -..ill time, Louis' 

ng attentions 
to me. LotltS gave himself en:: 

up to m . and notified Mr. 

lid be absent set 
I mi the Buu 
You can realize how generous this 
nt himself at 
iroe his dearest interests were nt 
stake, and leave the Beld deaf for 
ng an hi : 
itiec to friendship. It was not 
till a subsequent period I fully ap- 
preciated it. At that time, I was 

wholly absorbed in myself. 
(rem ccomes a kind of • 

sion, and, like all passioiu, it ren- 
ders u 

it last saw me a 
little calmer, lie t > i ■ 1 me "t Victor's 
wish. " Mis last request • 
l. • • tfa iron mould go into the 

:c with your mw 
The air is purer there, and you 
ih." 

C CX' i l!:r ] " 

lion. 1 declared 1 would not leave 
the house in which Victor died— ■ 
where everything recalled his ■ 

insisted, urged on by 
the ns, who declared the 

'ile. 



himself impiorcs 

member you v. I obey- 

in sodoii: 
I ended by yielding to tlieir prr- 
'• }Uic where shall I go?" 
: i. 

St. M — -, where you 

•: went thl 
tcrday, and four. 

ings. You can easily go that hi 
with your mother and sister." 

went there the next day. It 
was Louis who made all I 
rangemenu, and wi nichst- 

lion I need not 
say. At length he left us to rensK 
his duties at the mill. The list 
favor I begged of him was to cooe 
and see mi to nwa- 

i any one the place of my re- 
nt. Like all who are in red 
nffltc tion, solitude alone picas. 

i ;, Loutf 

thoughts, after leaving me, record 
to the subjects that had absorbed 
his mind previous I 
He be Ran to be alarmed. He 
dercd if Eugenic had not foi 
she really loved him. 
Smithson wa s disposed to regard tan 

or with less favor. 
Albert had not profited by his absence 
to injure him in the estimation of E» 
family. Rut he could onl; 
form conjectures as to all this. 
Now that these events have passpl 
I can seize all the 

lerefore t. I 
things Louis was net; 
ignorant of when he i to the 

ry. He would have trem- 
bled I been aware o:' 
He In !y left his ; 
order to be with Victor ciu: 
hut moments, when his enemies. 
thinking the time propitious, resort- 
ed to profit by his absence to efctl 
his xv y all set to work U 
once. 



Madame Agnts. 



lie deed iis, who had 

;ious doubts, went around telling 
rybody the engineer had 
xd him of the falseness of hi* re- 
>n, t. resolved to abjure, 

ml] for Louis' return, 

pie began by lau 
aid. They had no great a; 
the fellow. They suspected his 
ncction with Dura was 

irdcd with fear. Some even 
jght it was all a (rick. But 
ims returned to the charge; he 
«e with an air of i . he 

ned changed. To carry out the 
one, he apparently broke off with 
former friend, Durand. 
J] these things were repeated from 

to another till they reached 
tj. He 

rto ni| I the wu;i 

Louis' absence from the 
lufactory. Already inclined to 

- of the 
want o( the ties t < him 

Victor, Mr. Smiths in interiorly 
used him of fast n an 

a. I I 

i fal". 

(less unworthy of a co; 
man. 
ids is ill," he (aid, a suf- 

:nt reason fur abandoning his 
t, leaving me overwhelmed with 
k, arid intent:, 1 he 

in? . . . f\nd a i this with- 
making any anas _•■ torc- 

dJ ■ . . The man is ioooa* 

lr. Smithson was therefore un- 

Ml ■, 

ie the news, .it I :ful, 

i «;; tended al> 

i. He became so angry that 
:ould not 

crally so capable of sel 
; interests of bis natioo I reli 
e at stake. I 



furious, and made no cfl'ut to 
ccal it. 

Mmc. Smithson and Albert of 
course took Mr id's part 

agaii He was berated as 

ful, 
fanatical, and a Jesuit in disgii 
Mmc. .Smithson was one of those 
people who boldly say : " I don't 
ch of a person who changes 
his religion !" ;■ re- 

ly reasonable fur -. up 

error for truth when the BUI i 
vcalcd to him. Albeit wi 
i need by motives you ar<- 
aware of. He was triumphant 
had never expected t\ 
from so simple a trick. Gin 
ccs had indce I bun but too 

well. Seeing 11 r, Smiti: ha 

. of 
his dismissing Louis as soon as he 
turn; 
But his j< dimuv 

I by an unexpected 
They were di one 

Ding in the r.i/. ■■.';. '■ Excuse 
■ • 
with what dues not COD 
you know I always was m ate 

ad cause." 
Every one looked up at 

a woman to be inti 

fore- 

trary. She continued, without Ui 

troubled in the Ie isl : " l find a 

great many arc disposed to al 

M. Louis, bul 

It were to 1 
sonic one would 
thou .y his eon 

ureproachable." 

■• Y id Mr. 

Smith 

■ 
as culpable as he may have appear* 
■ What 

has 

.Is greatly to vow 






Madattu dgrus. 



labor*, my <icar father, but his al>- 

justifiabl 
gree j know M. Louis' his- 

tory 

well :ls yotr, I suppose, 

Perhaps not" 
"Has he related it to >v 

- Pinny took pains to Jo 
that. Fanny is at once curious and 

very scvctc to 
so devoid ■ servant. Is she indul- 

only tn the colpabli 

interruption gave F.u- 
gdnie a glini|>se of light "Thffl 
an undo between tfaei 

she said t<> herself, " and that ex- 
plains many t 

: •' -M. I 
made an ■ ;. life. He 

drowning, when a Lr 
and an invalid— U — al the 

risk of his own life, threw him! 
into the river, and Bared him. 
was the origin of their fi 
which docs honor to M. Louis 
to : 

•• Who ti ..i:,i ?'" 

asked Mr. Smithson. 

| >ers from town allude 
to it. M. Bander is a well-ki. 

. and esteemed by his 
enemies themselves. It is to be 
with him M. Louis it gone. Docs 
not such .1 motive justify 
e?" 
Mr. Smithson had attentively lis- 

If 
we except what related to religious 
subjects, he was an impartial and 
even >d man. " With 

I lor liii absence," he 
reph .11 cease to regard it as 

he ought 
to have n aware of « 

taken place. He 

going to stay - k friend : that 

was not a sufficient explanation. 



i dislike in the man is I 
mutation." 

•• I acknowledge there may be 
some reason I .," resumed 

Eugenie, "but he has gr» 
proofs of dopli :• he caw 

here that 1 am aware of. He cer- 
tainly has done nothing without con- 
sulting you, father." 

"He did) to be sure, propose 
i things h 
did DC im, his olt> 

mate objt 

" Had he any ?" 

" Had he any ? . . . The 
IS affair proves it. The eve* 
ing-school and tl re only 

tholicani" 
" With what i 

"The aim of the Eases n 

always the same. 'I 
part their belief to ( at thei 

may afterw 

I 
turf arc linked together. 

. to make my i ry like 

a convent, whei 
spite of me. But I will set 1 . 
mar 
" And you will do right, uncle," 

tyranny 
artful and more encr< 
than tii.it of the priestlio 
" I did not know my coum'o de- 
the clergy to such a degree,* 
ugenic, with an air of mockery 
and di ' Albert 

he had made a fresh bl 
thought, on the cor i had a 

sincere respect for priests. It seesss 
I was deceived . . . . 

I nough on • 
Smithson. " I will 
. irn i what has oi 

And I will speak to the c: 
accor. returns. " 

the evening. >n wai 

li 
was ' tatd. i 



745 



: thought she had caused 
her as great an altHetion U she 
ever exiicrienccd in her life. For 
perhaps fifteen, years, Mine. 
thson had clung to the idea of a 
ch between her daughter 

G had taken comfort in 
• t uniting the two hi 
loved best on earth. Besides, it 
a good the only one 

icr power, of securing to Al 
triune he hail need of; for the 
e had embraced, and the 
3 he had imbibed, made it neces- 
hc should be wealthy, v. 
by no means the case. 
t tilt lately had been confined to 
ie. Smithson's own breast ; but, 
e Albert's arrival, die had ven- 
d to allude to it in her conversa- 
s with him. The latter respond* 
with enthusiastic gratitude, ex- 
an ardent desire to have 
proposed union realized. 
> the beginning there had I 
difficulty which fretted Mmc. 
I her lui: 
ic of her scheme? As Albert 
roached manhood, this consent 
imc more and more doubtful. 
i treated his nephew 
lly, but hail no great opinio: 

1 did not like him. How 
rcomc this obstacle ? There 
• one way : Eugenie herself must 
re the marriage. Mr. Smith 
cT opposed his daughter, 
ild then overlook lii> antipathy 
he object of her choice. Things 
y different ten 
Mra h id bag tried 

tide the fact from h but she 

it at mowlcdgc it: Eu- 

»c manifested do partiality tea 

•'.■. occurrence 

. m. she not 

i had not the least 

ng Albert, but she 

Meted her of loving another, . . . 

Mmc. Smilhson could no 



•r endure. He had in her eyes 
three faults, any one of which would 
have set her he was 

her dear nephew's rival, he had no 
property, and he was grave and 
piOUS t" a degree that could rtOl 
to be repulsive to a trivial woman 
and a half-way Christian like her. 
To complete her despair, Albert 
came secretly to see her that very 
i 

'• Aunt," said he, " our affairs are 
,,ig on badly! . . . Confess 
that I had more penetration than 
you were willing to allow." 

•■ \\ hat I Whtt .' whit do you mean ? 
Do you think Eugenic loves that 
spendthrift, that bigot ? . . . . 
Nonsense! she on to tcazc 

jroa." 

" I am of a different < 
have long been aware of her fancy 
for him. What she sail I vor 

evening was very judicious and 
moderate, but there was in the tone 
of her voice, ... in her look, a 

thing I could not mistake. I 
the first time, she betrayed her feci- 
I tell you she 

•• Why, that would be dreadful ! " 

" 1 foresaw it." 

" Foresaw ! — such a thing ? " 

" Eugenic isromann logue 

puts on the air of a hero of romance." 

•• Set your heart at rest, Albert. 
1 promise to watch over your inter- 

i 
1 will bring your uncle himself to 
your v 

" 1 will talk to Eugenie to-morrow 
morning," she said IT ■• l 

shall never believe in such presump- 
tion till she ooi 'V 

The next n ihson 

went, full of anxiety, la her d 
chamber. Eugenic was that \ 
moment thinking of 1 ;. The 

she examined her 6* 
the more clearly she saw herself 
forced to acknowledge her esteem 






Madame Agues. 



fur him. She had invai 
dcmncd him many times, but had 
as often found her suspicion* were 
groundless. Without 
least partiality fot Louis, she could 
not help cnt, 

energetic, and sincerely pious. 

•.lowlcdgcd that, of all the 
men she had ever met. not one was 
to be compared to him; he was 
superior to them all in every re- 
FrOB wax not a long step to 

worthy of her affection. 
Nut he — did he love her? . . . 
Not a word, not a sign, had escaped 
him to indicate such a thing, 
yet there was in his bearing 
her, in the tone of his voice, and in 
the value he attached to her good 

Dion, a something that assured 
her she had i. 

sion on him. But, then, why this 
coldness so rigorously maintained ? 

, . lie was poor— and ihr. 

.lie was i 

Hit cold Ited from 

extreme i 

: her reflections 
hy repeating : " Does he love nic ? 
... It may be. Do I love him ? 
... I dare not say no. But we 
arc in a | -sition. If I find 

him, at the end of the account, 
worthy of being my ho .ilit- 

1 should have to make the 
advances! But I like originality in 
everything, r alone excites 

my fears. M. Louifl Would nut be 

i hoice. H ha show bjm< 

' -lit ? 

v. hy not wait till be is man 

we ever are i Then he could 
be as devoted to the church as he 
•s." 
Mm. >» was hardly to be 

recognized when she entered 
daughter's room. She was generally 
affable and smiling, but now her 

■ am] She 

was evidently very nervous, xs 



3 



umi, :c when she had 

disagreeal : iu male 

to her dati -t coot 

divined ■ passing in ha 

mother's heart. She was carnal 
however, not to aid her in unburJca- 
ing herself. 

After S|M -.iveral tl 

no impor'. 

i an unconcerned air — a sign 
of her extreme cmbarrassn< 
broached the subject with 
peculiar to timid pe 
see there is no way of r< 

" I must confess that was a stratji 
n of yours 

i 
mother ?" said Eugenie, in a 
once dignified and ingenue 
felt the storm v.. U usaal 

on such oci 
familiar Ihott tor there ; 

was a spice of mi.-, 
her tactics which 1 do not intend tu 
applaud. She 

mother's cmbarrassm by the 

politeness of her manner increased 

'• What notion do I refer to 
You need not s You kno* 

well enougl 

Yes; why should you, without any 

. DurseH up to defc&i! 

a man who is no relation of ours «t 

even one of out but a mere 

cause trouble in the house; . . . who 

is, in ngcrous man ? . . ■' 

'•You astonish me to the last de- 
gree, mother I 1 n i, never 
should ha\ 
dangerous designs, 
bad the power to disturb 

aillcry, my dear, is in 
quite out of place. What se» 
live have you for undertaking his 
defence ?" 

• i - I have none. V, 



tiy, I have not laken sides 
iul" 
rlow can you deny it ?" 

■ny it. mother, with your 

ission. My father imputed in- 

jns to M. Louis which pcr- 

bc never had. I merely ob- 

d it wonld he more just to 

for proofs 

That is all, and a very small 

r proofs before condemn- 
y?... 
M them. Adams, has confessed 
thing. ... He ackaowl 
M. Loins Endeavored to con- 
:um, lent him books, taught hen 
ind| what mu 

. a Kteat deal on hell as ■ place 
ould not fail to go to if he, 
as, remained a I The 

fellow baa not I from 

trroT ret! . . . Your father ha. 
i to him very kindly, given Ida 
•-, mingled with kind re- 
:hes. Adams was aficctc 

bed to 
id be did ■ 

thing !" 

as to mc that Adams is 
■ i timpii ton or a bypocril 
tagenie, that is altogether too 
,1" 

do not see anything very 
ishing in what I have said, 
e listen to mc a moment, I 
To hesitate between two creeds, 
ut being able to decide on 
to me a proof of wcak- 

this story of his conversion 

and gain the jood-wifl ol inj 

a ever, would 
low a duplicity ami 

.ly t>elong to a hj 



such a thing It would have 
dcrcd him liable to dismissal." 

" I beg your pardon, mother. 
Adams did not risk anything. The 
course he has taken prove* it. Aral 
that is precisely what makes me dis- 
trust him." 

"How CMO you impute such mo- 
tives to anybody ! . . . Adams has 
renounced his intention, because he 
was convinced by your father? ar- 
guments. II.- hu behaved like an 
honest ma 

"Excuse me, mother; we ai 
more danger than ever of not an 
Bug each other. Why I you 
ce that Adams has re- 
turned to his errors ! You appear to 

k his course vei 
approve ol 

" Yes, I do approve of it ; [ 
ought not to change th n." 

•• You might as well sa 

when be then. 1 am by no 

means o: Dion, though 1 am 

I '.tv rcligi' 
" A prof os of religion, my dear, 
you aeea to have taken a strange 
turn. You have , 
as to astonish me; there is not an 
ultra pod do not approve of. 

You have coi 
. . . But 1 will not make you 

ragrj 

"S no M I ■■ bare ? . . . 

A p; tot l am not 

i." 
"You said it yourself, but it is 
true. Since that man cai 
yotl have Changed every way. I 
know not why or whet 
t. Your cousin hi; 
served it, and it grieves him. You 
10 longer towards bun 

S'ou keep him at a i 
i ou are not Li 

used to be. ¥on only talk of thii 
it one ask 
" It il near!) ten years since I was 



brought in such close contact 
my cousin as now. I was very 
I have grown older 
and note sensible. Why has not lie 
• the same?" 

ir sarcasm is malicious and 
unmerited. Albert is a charming 

with you ! But this 
very .res him in my esi 

tion. A charming fellow is one who 
requires an hour to dress; is skilled 
in jaying a multitude of compliments 
he does a petty mind 

that biflMj in 

shar:. MiMe 

to rely on. When Albert came, he 
seemed to be conscious of the ab- 
f being a charming fellow. 
lie tried to put on a semblance of 
gravity, but it did r. 
Om proverb held gi 

Chasur !t naturtt, il rectal au ga- 

>M. You have 
every qualification for a dfvote : 
especially one characteristic — ui.ili- 
dowoeu. Poor Albert 1 how you 
have set him off! rlappDy, there is 
i truth in ;ill you have 
said. He a man on whom you Can- 
not rely ! He has a heart of gold." 

•• I do not dispute the goodness 
of lus heart I have never put it to 
the proof." 

"What :i tricked inatom 
v dreadful it is to always believe 
tlic vi .rybody." 

" Well, Ir. it he so : he hfla a kind 
heart ! . . . But is there any 
depth to him ?" 

"As much as is necessary. This 

would DC a sad world if we were 

■Iwaj 1 to live with moody 

people like some ode I know of. I 

he is yuur beau ideal" 

"I do iiivi s.iy that; but, if lit 
really what be appears to be, he 

• Nunc, «krn .Invert off, return! »l n 

Jtllop," 



. my good opinion. I wish al 
1 live with resembled him." 

done! A rt.imi 

you will tell me be is the realiratim 
of all your dreams." 

" I do not know him well euoup 
to accord him ail your words seat 
to inv 

•■ At all events, you know ha 
well enough to take an interest is 
him, and much more than would 
suit your father. . . . Your oo» 
sin even was scandalized 

■ defend him against yourlaibcfj 
D !u bLtae 

- Hj : lusin would do well tosJ- 
tend to his own affairs, al 
meddle with mine, li he (.nine here 
to watch me, sneer at n 
me advice, he had better h 
maincd ii 

•• He came here hoping I 
the friend of his childhood glad M 
. and ready to show him tht 
affection he merit .'rybody 

docs not judge him as severely » 
you do. I know many girls who ..." 
I be glad to marry 
him ! Well, they m 

hat is too much ! The son of 
my sister whom I love with all ay 
heart I A child whom I brought vf 
and love almost as much a 

" But, mother, I am not displeas- 
ed because you love him. 1 

him, I ■•■'■■ 11, ami 

would all the sj 

power. But when I make choice of 
a husband. I shall choo> 
qualities Albert will never possess." 

• I have suspected it for a long 
time. Yes; I thought long ago, 
the turn your mind wa 
lat, when j 

•• What do you mean by fool 
•• Marrying a man without proper 
ty, or one with eccentric notions, 



Madame A/pits. 



omc prosy creature of moTC or 

I am very much 

id you are infatuated about an 

.1 who has all these defects 

I. Fortunately . . . You 

ind me. . 

What, mother ?" 

. we shall watch over I 

your father and I, and if 

are disposed to make a foolish 

Ike one that occurs to me, 

Shall know how to prevent it. 

shall not hesitate if obliged to 

Icr you happy n spite of your- 

Render me happy ? . . . At all 
Its, it would not be by fu. 
to m i lit" 

Anyhow, you shall marry no 

.... It is I who saj 
your Esther w ill show you he is 
ly opinion." 
■pon this, Mm-.'. Sraithson went 

•:i;ly shutting the door after 

Ice all people of weak chat- 

e must cither yield or fall 
a rage. It was beyond her 
ty to discuss or oppose anything 
iry. 

; was all over! All her pi 
: o\ She must bid 

well to her dearest hopes I Slur 

think ol 
;rt U r his mol 

■r Mine. Smtthson'a desires went 
ar as that! Her dream was to 
e the two families by marrying 
jenic and Albert. Instead of 
. e opened be- 
her!— a marriage between her 
jhler and Louis, which roused 

antipathies at once! 

ide herself at the I 
ight of seeing inned td 

she conld not en- 

1 who was no less repulsive 
Mr. Srniihson. . . . Her matcr- 
hcart was kind when no one con- 
ictcd her. but there was in its 
j a: weak na- 



tures, n dash of spitcfulness. Hav- 
ing returned to her chamber. Mine. 
reflect She sel- 
dom gave herself up 

then only when she •■•. 

i some peoj 
Aa might bi was too 

ed tO red usly. 

■Oh I i 
" Eugenic darea resist dm 
time i aver asked hat to obey! She 
despises Albert. S is scorn- 

fully of him ' A>: not suf- 

ficient: lacity so 

far as to sing the praises of a man I 
detest! . . . See what it b to 
be indulgent to one's children ! The 
day comes when, for a mere cap: 
they tread under loot what was 
dearest to you. ... 

'.vill do i : r me. 1 will 

do nothing for her. ... 

b] Albert. I will have the other 
one driven away. . . 
that meddler has 

goin bete. . . . What a 

ncc that If be had 

not come here, everything would 
have gone 00 at I wished. . . . 

i will go in seat i of o and 

It will be easy to have the 

t committing so D 
blunders. When be is gone, we 

shall have to endure i: 

ill-humor, but everything comes to 

an end in this world. The time will 
'■ when, realizing b Eu- 

genie will listen to reason." 

The interview between Mr, : 

son and his wife took place a little 

while after. What was said I never 

knew. Mme. Smithson alluded to it 

or twice at a I . but 

mere] she did very 

wrong. The mca was evi- 

dently painful, and she said no 

more. 

Kugcnic at once foresaw this pri- 
vate interview between her parents. 
The conversation she had just h 



750 



Serine/. 



with her mother 01 '1 to en- 

lighten her more fully as to the state 
of her feelings. Forced to ex; 
iicr opinion of Albert .1 •she 

had spoken from her heart. She 
was herself in a measure astonished 
at seeing so clearly she did not love 
Albert — that there was a possibility 
of loving Louis — that perhaps she 
already loved him. . . . And 
prehended more clearly 
all the difficulties such an attachment 
would meet with. Her mother's op- 
; nn had hitherto been doubt- 
ful. It MS now certain, and the 
consequence was to be feared. 

mother is so much ofiended," 
he II . " that she will try 

to unburden her mind to my father 



at once, and perhaps influence Urn 
again- fore the day is ortr, 

she will tell him all h 
thousand infootCM she has <ir»«a 
from it. This interview fills me »iih 
alarm I 1 with I knew what tber 
will decide upon, if they come to 
any decision. . . ." 
Eugenie I in to get sow 

0« the point, but was not able 
to obtain much. The interview toot 
place. Mr. Smithson seemed tcjsI 
and thoughtful after his a 
office. Mme. Smithson went dircctit 
to give the porter orders to send tie 
engineer to her husband as soon at 
he arrived. Louis had sent word the 

ing before he should return tbt 

.. ;ng day. 



TO M COffTlMMfe. 



\\T.r. 

M INS OF KMANIA (NEAR ARM.'. 
>r M-BU-.Y DB 

Why seek wi thus id the dead? 

Beneath yon mound — within ynii le — 

palace, festive as a bride 
For centuries six, had (bun I its wormy bed 
When Patrick lifted here his royal bead, 
And round him gazed. Perhaps the .' :hed 

1 note the fail of mortal pride — 
i all fourteen hundred yean; since then have flei 
Then, too, old t Uter's hun • were cl.. 

Then, too, |hi rich warriors slept forloi 

Autui s now, a ; 

Her red beads counted on tl im, 

Making her rounds; while from ih '. sod 

The undiscountcnanccd lark upsoareil, and praised 



il to Woffling 



APPEAL TO WORKINGMEN. 



no* nil mien or uoh G»enn n thk >tvA i iji;*. 

mas mowoBMCBo jmpiurv 13,1873 

IOE Till: II 1.* 



OPAV wc inaugurate the lectures 
ially con -ing- 

. We are full of joyous hi 

believe that this work of 
; will be at the me I 

c of recoocSiation, of love, and 
peace. The cross, which we 
: placed conspicuously in all our 
es of reunion — the cross, that 
derate and d rexywhere 

magnift 1 ard — the 1 1 

we will never consent to hi 
:ates clearly what is our faith 

what is our aim. We with to 
;htcn your undei 
your hearts, direct your wfll 
way of the good, the beautiful, 

the true. In a word, we 
onqucr you for Christ, and we 
it here with a frankness which 



flows from its source, and the beams 

ate from a star. If possible, wc 

would have adopted as a flag the 

omb of 

si Pontiaa, from which spring roses — 

symbols of joy. We would have 

chosen it, to show you that in Christ 

bund not only the repose of the 

also 
the repose, t! 

of the satisfied heart. It is by 
sign wc will conquer. 

In tli;:; first lecture, which will 
serve as an hi. 

coarsei ol 1 orators, 

we intend only to take up the work- 
ing question, t<> tell you our entire 
thought on the subject, to open ti 

our whole heart. Do not hi 
to hear . 1 lie speech ; do I 



jiindly abhors all cunning of^ expect th 



eh, . give os ' 

rrity, which you have always 
d; for, as has been said by a 
t contemporary 01 l"hc 

tie arc not di . they feel 

1 they are approached 

in ihcio and in their emii 
ky." 

c come, then, to you with this 
; <>i" Co ■, which has 

'crted the world. This glori 

wc have surrounded . 
how you that light proceeds 
y, as the stream 

MM Ic-luret ut .lillrtied in Ike lUpcl 
, ou Mfil i ..-ire, 

Utmdtj »nJ Tbartdiy. Ta*y who 
eooed bf Hue C ... 

in. ami have b«ni >,. 

(t. McraiOad, La Qmiilim <?•: ri,rt 



which you have uned 

from flatterers who did not love 
We say nt first and without 

tian society ami the working world 
there exists to-day a certain n 
understanding, and it 1 
dcrstanding we would wish to dis- 
•il we beg of ti.e- divine 
our 
:s, blessc;. icr- 

iing and hcait of the 
off. 

discourse, 
, we will say . 
wc are; in the second, what 
wish ; and in the third, we will reply 
to certain objections to the church 
which arc current among work 






Appeal to WorkiHgmm. 



men, and cause the deplorable mis- 
understanding from which we wish 
to <k nd hearts, 

equally oppressed. It is time thai 
the truth should free you. 



tiler that you may better un- 
derstand nli.it we arc, we ui»h to 
commence by showing you w hat we 
•re not 

We arc 
desire to dedarc openly. Never, 
never will lliere be piOOOUOCC 

precinct one wurd that may 

even remotely touch upon our 

recent discoi '.'.' will nc- 

deserve to be called partisans. 

Wi. y be our intimate con- 

vii lions (and we have the right to 

have them), we only wish to be and 

we will only be Christians. We 

suppose there may be in the bosom 

ill the • parties sincere 

t'j. bo are by no means 

When wc trc.-.d upon 

the threshold of her bftsilicM, the 

dim h risea before us, docs 

not e arc monarchists or 

if we believe 

in the eternal Wind, who created 

who became man 

in the crib ol Bethlehem, and who 

saved us on a cross. Thus will TfC 

■nd the ■ : you 

will hear in tins place will be the 

Credo Oil ■ roil . and sing it 

with US. 

nk God, we do not belong to 
group, too numerous, ofpreten 

wlio only see in the 
labor question a painful preoccu- 
pation h I hi trouble the calm 
of their digestion; who do not wish 
c-msclves any real 
arc easily astonished 
uigcbsscs complain of 
then Iga. We are not like 
the bie and delicate egoists 
who for several centuries have given 



the fatal example ol 
doubt, and of 
who have followe 
have wickedly laughed in the uee 
ut outraged truth, who have tin 
God from the heart of the workoiia, 
and who neverthel ■. Sw- 

ing that •• religion is good for the 
people" — men of re »hc 

t'- journals full of 

re un the first page ■ 
ultra-conservative a::. : ,] oa 

the second ultra-obscene romances, 
; ire are not of this \»ij 

h those sceptics whose I 
them pretend to 
Away with those who doubt tbe 
people, and who do not love them' 
Wc are not c. rho arc ltd 

to you by this vile fear or by a sol! 
r interest; wc are not of I 

- be- 
fore whi , r an 

elei : whom they 

must kneel. We will never come to 
solicit your voles, and wc are bcnl 
upon serving you with absolute 
interestcdncss. Briefly, wc are fee 
you and will always I icndi 

and servant*, but will never c 
scend to court j 
"victory which we desire is 
which can be gained coo- 

sequcntly we do not count 

only wish to win your ui 
standings with our faith, your 1. 
with our love. 

Wc do not place the goldct 
in a past too supersi; 
Whatever affection 1 may fi 
heart for tho s, to 

ve consecrate ■.: 

I do noi 
tlu". 

only ideal. We know that those 
centuries, so differently judged, were 
the theatre of a gigantic str. 
between paganism, more a 
conquered, and the church, 
and more victorious; and 



Apptal to Wffrkittgmtn. 



753 



-ction between the 
so heroically defended 
nh and the feudality that did 
h injury. Wc do not ignore 
:t that paganism, in dying, left 
Christum ages, as a fri 
, liic traditions of 
ty, .in ; and we con- 

Lit Christianity could not in 
ay decapitate the hm. 
.1 hydra. 

re regard especially the woik- 
. or corporation?, wc will 
far as to own th.it their 
, so admirably Christian in 
respects, nevertheless left too 
room for certain abuses that 
e; and, as a decisive example, 
crt that the material conii 
members was not then what 
srian heart would iriah to-day. 
ivc the religion, not the super- 
, of t ages; <H 

so unworthily a ted we 

the dementi truly Chris- 
ject the Other*. W 
e in that rude and laborious 
ie dawn, the beautiful dawn, 
holici louv 

irrupt 

Maries, to iligbted and 
ierstood, we salute above all 
rde of the saints, 
ardently love the sublime pe- 
ahen S. Benedict gave to a 
d men and to 
.is the order and 
sr tlic minds and the ! 

■ e; when S. Francis COD- 

the birds of the air, re- 

td all nature with hun 

ianized, and gave to his con- 

rarics the love of " our lady, 

Wc love the period I 
by the death of slavery u 
it of the church ; whin all the 
tions of the state and of the 
were energetically Catholic ; 
royalty was represented by a 
mis, love by a S. Elizabeth, 

OL. XVI!.— 48 



science by ■ S. Thomas of Aquinas. 

But "in Will !■.;.■■ Still : : igs, 

and would Hy still Wc wish 

still more, wc wish still better, and 
•.ill build up the future with two 
■ of materials — with the j>ast 
undoubtedly, but also de- 

i huh an 
We arc not of those who ingen- 
uously think the won-! at present 
is 01 as one would wish. 

Doubtless there an working- 

class of our time illegitimate desires, 
guilty jealousies, unrighteous 
but wc also know all that the world 
of laborers can offer to the eyes of 
God, of cruel sufferings, of noble 

-. and of honest ten 
preserve us U 

one of those griefs, even should .. 
the contrary, 
hope that Chiistian society will one 
day come, through peace and prayer, 
incut* and love, to a better 

isiti-jn, a 1 . ; profound ; 

tlOO, a happier dfst 
riches, a wider-spread prosp 
to something more resembling the 
reign of Cod. But, ahu ! we are 
convinced that the definitive 
fjon and eon only be con- 

summated in eternity. Those who 
do not believe in a future life will 
never sec their desire of inn 
■:"ied — ill-.' 
to this pun 
We do not despise the work of 
the hands; far froi seek to 

place the mechanic close to the ar- 
tist. FOX centuries, there have been 

industry ; 
these Pyrenees wc wish to remove, 
and wc will succeed. In truth, the 
workman is an august bein 

title of his nobility will be easily 
found in thfl depths of faith and of 
theology. Listen : the elcm*] type, 
the adorable type, of the workman is 
the Heavenly Father, the Fabtr 
nut, who, not content with making 



obedient matter spring from noil 

it goldsmith chiselled it 
into !ood- 

nooal and living Truth — 
. was the i 
man. (■ , hewed, 

cntcd, carved the whole universe, 
the firmament, the stars. His gra- 
cious and magnificent haod, 

in every part of the cieatta 

has been wonderfully sculpture' i 
this man ■ n, Workmen 

of every condition, here contemplate 
the work of your Model, of your 
Master, of your divine Patron. 1 
fiombrc forests, the transparent foli- 
age, the flowers whose wonders are 
revealed by the microscope, the 
mountains, the OCCan, the infinite 
.-.II, all were made by the 
great Workman. 

i iparablc Artificer! he eon* 
reived the plan of all these bcin;. 
His IVi ird, and one day, to re- 

alize this design, he pronounced these 
words: "Be they!" and they W 
i not enough to show I 

God feared, if I 
be allowed so to speak, thai 
might be desp . and he de- 
sired co Duly to he a workman that 
of a God he B a carpen- 

. 

tic, and, 

with .wed, planed, 

:ji!, worked the wood that in 

thefil .'.he world he had work- 

1 the design of the creation. 

k not B 

ymboi : Jesus, the 
Son of God, was the apprciu 
the companion, the- workman, the 
carpenter; and the vtaembl 
menu of tradition show him to us 
ploughs, perhaps crosses. 
it can I not say to you of the 
Holy G!i. :,red as the Work- 

of the spirited world, whi 
lie had really cemented, hewed, and 



frame I can 1 not 

the beautiful tt 

regret I leave 
of the church, and now content op- 
tion, and with that 

But you question re pm 

, and ask what I think of tk 

iporary workman. And In- 
p y that, i. -nling his utto 

and errors, I feel 

invincibly aroused 1 . Yet; 

I close my ejn mjv3L 

ly ignoble flames, so 
much blood, Im pore l>!cod so sac- 
rilegiously shed. 1 pance 
my thoughts from so many rea* 
so many scandals. I come I 

workman, rcbeUioui to Goi, 
and, in the 

and Satanic orgies, I appro*. 
who formerly were baptized, ad 

my hand upon your heart, 
that 1 may not despair. Your miad 

i ; Itf 
there arc yet some pulsations wrtai 
allow me Sli 

1) repeat the won! r grot 

bishop who has devoted so u»ad 
time to the social question : 

• love thai 

:::derstand what is great; kne* 
that they have high 
that they seek to rise." And again: 
" The workman of our i : 

; ows from 
noble and holy senti' 

Not' 

what Christian ek- 
ments would be found in til 
workmen 1 I readily see in each tar 

blc material of one of 
poor men so powerfully sketched ty 
Victor Hugo. He speaks of a ■•*■ 

-shore- 
. five children, po- 

DC C*J 

at market, he sees and adopts !*» 



» poorer than he, and thus he 
We have five children, 

will make seven; we will 
: them together, am! tbi 
at ni a knee*. They 

ire, and will be brother and sis- 

the five others. When God 
lat we mint feed this little boy 
lb little girl with the Othi 
lake us catch more fish, that is 

Workmen of Pari*, read these 

they are worth more than 

of the Ann/f ttrriblt, and paint 

ire capable of 

jblime dcrotion, and I recall 

the true nobility of your na- 



3 the 

i kne 



now now what we 3rc not, 
think that we have never failed 

■-nt to lie truly lb 
e contrary, we have designed- 

ililiicultic, 
t frankness. It is scarcely ne- 
y to add that we arc not of 
who disdain the social and 
questions, and who, while hiding 
elves in the graceful dom 

at with Alfred de Mussel: 

inw* bjr chief « min»!c in m: 
->■» b* N.ndii or K 

charming indifference is but 
n of J. Let us go 

r, and although in our q 

• (the only nobility, the 
illc to which we are really at- 
!) we place a higher estimate 
c future life than the present, 

not think rally 

y of the workman. For more 
eighteen h years, the 

t has not ceased for an instant 
■upy herself with the tc:> 
ion of all the working-classes. 
r firmament, there arc fourteen 
ficcnt con: 

the seven corporal works of 
, and the seven spiritual, 
adc them all shine on the 
c workman, and i: •■•■ foi 



above all. that she preserves the light. 
This example of our mother, the 
ve always wish to imitate. 
We know, besides, and it is a p<; 
ful at that misery is a poor 

counsellor, and, if it is badly accept- 
ed, turns souts from duty and cter- 

Therefore, we declare a mortal 
war I .nil misery, and it 

is ihu ameliorating the earth, 

we hope to prepare hea\ 

Wc wish at this moment our lu 
were an open book, written in large 
characters, and readable for all. 
Our brothers, the workmen, would 
see that we do not blindly accuse 
then of all the crimes and mistakes 
of modern society, and that we very 
well know how to comment leva 
on the other classes. They would 
there read the programme of our 
work, as recently sketched by a great 

;> of the holy church 
should believe in the people, hope in 
them, love them." For you n 
nut imagine that ahm 

that the i • ill accept 

them ; they exact all our heart, our 
esteem, our respect. He who does 
respect the workman can do no- 
thing. Thus, ;>cct 
forthe workman, the truly Chn- 
doctrine, is the base upon ■ 
Catholic Circle of Workingmen has 
crc< : God pros- 
per and blcs; it 1 

Ask us now with frankness what 
tfa, and I. 
: to our reply, which will not 
less sincere. 

We believe in one only God, the 
.me and sovereign Workman, 
whom we do not confound with his 
work; the work i hut it is 

Beyond the world, above 
the world, in an inaccessible region, 
lives and reigns from everlasting to 
everlasting the majesty of Go«i 
Infinite and Absolute, the \wOkx. 



7S 6 



Apfxal to WorktHgmen. 



and Mercy, the Good, the True, and 
U-.'autiful, living anil personal, 
the eternal Providence, who watches 
I the workmen of all races and of 
all times. There arc among you some 
who refuse to this God the free 
hesion <a . nc- 

>n which we come here to com- 
bat with the arras of reason and of 
light. AH depends upon your faith ; 
even though you may be atli 
we will love you, but, alas! you will 
not return our love, and the it-con- 
ciliation so ardently desired will not 
be easily realized ; for you can only 
l« di ;i love, and God is love. 

We believe) then, in God the Cre- 
ator, and we bow before him with 
the simple and magnificent faith of 
i of whom I.a- 
martine, speaks, and who one day 
laid to our gro' 
know how other men ate made; but, 
as for me, I cannot sec, I do not 
i star, but even an ant, the leaf 
•. tree, a grain of sand, without 
.ho made it ; and the reply 
is, God. I understand it will 
before being, it was not; thcri 
it could not make itself." I quote 
.• beautiful words with great joy 
r the roof of a ch illy 

ited to workmen. Meditate 

upon them, workmen, who listen to 
me; and, if you are republic 
respect, love, believe in what this 
1848 respected, love I . 
and believed. Then the workman 
believed in God; this time matt 
return, and for this necessary work 
we will expend our time, our strength, 
QUI life. But it is not enough to bc- 
wc must render to the 
Creator the act of the creature, and 
offer him respect, homage, confidence, 
or, and love. Blessed be this 
little chapel of yesus-Ouvner, if this 
night one of these sentiments will be 
ottered by one of the souls who are 
here and listen 10 mc. 



We also believe in the Son of God, 
the Word, the interior Speech, AeJ 

re Word of the Father, and « 
affirm that this Word, at a d 
cd moment of history, came 
on our earth thai I It 

and that had to be purine 
arrive at God, who is al 
wc must be white or whit. 
Arc wc white of ourselves ? Loot 
into your souls, and answer. Christ 
then, came to suffer, to ex; 
die for us al). and especially 
workmen, past, present, and to contvj 
Such U the add 

solidarity of ex; and it is bar 

that Jesus b again the type of work- 
mcn. Oh! who can complain of 
work, when God for thirty yew 
submitted to the rigorous law d 
manual laboi I Who can complin 

Bering, when he bore the wcir,it 
of all the sufferings of the body ial 
of the human soul ! Wbo can coo- 
plain of loneliness and abandonmeU. 
when this God was betrayed 
tendci ids, and ab 

all ex wbo 

ling at the foot of the 
Who can complain of dying in 
tude, in grief, and in shame 
pallet of a garret or the be 

tal, when he, the Creat 

of Utt 

universe, gave us the example of the 
I death, after b 

ic most wretched fafe'- 
Ah ! they had reason to dec 1 
suppression of the 
hospitals ami scho a Ink 

workman cannot look at the credit 
without being moved to the bottcea 
of Itis soul, without extending to i) 
his ai tout being profoundly 

consoled, without crying, "BeboM 
my Master, my Example, ai 
Fath. 

We believe that Chi 
contained in these words, *1 
should ponder : " Imitation of ' 




*\f>pcal to Workingmen. 



7S7 



particular, " Imitation of 

3 the workman." Ft is by that 

K we will be le<l to give ;t 

e to private virtues, which 

adversaries do not wall to 

ord to U5. Nowadays it is 

>'.mong workmen and 

this ill-! 

osition, which is an exact sum- 

r of Victor Hugo's last work: 

"Society is had, and man is 

L" Do not believe it ; man is 

itclligent, free, responsible being, 

. when he wishes, and with 

lid of God, conquer the evil In 

and do good. As society is 

a composition of men, it follows 

will ever be that, if each one 

S becomes purer, more humble, 

; charitable, better, society will 

become less savage, more cn- 

cned, better organized, every 

improved. In political ccono- 

wc cannot too highly exalt the 

IMS. 
can be demonstrated mathemat- 
y, and it will soon be shown, 
everything socially springs from 
ifice. If you wish to know here 
t ii the Catholics 

i their enemies, I will tell you 
simply that they place duty be- 
right, and that the enemies of 
:hurch place right before duty. 
ainly. «c believe in right as 
igly as you can ; but we make it 
logical consequence and, if F 
say so, the reward of accom- 
icd duty. Weigh well this doc- 
, to which is attached the deeti> 
f the world. 

nally, we believe in the lifccver- 
ng. 1 is to be de- 

l that all men should make 
y effort for the reign of )u 
his earth ; in this, the Catholics 
. been wanting, nor ever will 
But whatever may be the le- 
gate beauty of these attcm; I 
c that the perfection of . I 



only be found in the 

I that, to make the dc- 
:-.e balance of the fate of each 
. . heaven must always enter in 
the calculation. Here below there 
arc too many inconsolable sorrows, 
more suffering than social equality 
can ever here will 

always be the that ravage 

the heart; always ingratitude and 
abandonment j always sickness and 
the death of those whom we love 
Paradise of my Cod! you will 
■ lahlish the equilibrium j paradise 
of my God ! ii you are, above all. des- 
tined for those who have suffered, 
you will I iy opened to work- 

men. In this hope I live. 

And here I am led to recapitulate, 
not without emotion, all the benefit* 
that Providence has more especially 
reserved for you. '• A heavenly Fa- 
ther, who merits above all the title 
of workman, and who made 
earth ; a I met on earth 

to take up the plane, the saw, and 
the hammer, and become the proto- 
type of workmen ; an infallible church 
for eighteen hundred years has 
bent over workmen, to enlighten, con- 
sole, and love them ; an eternity of 
II present injustice 
will be superabundantly repair 
Workmen, my brethren, what 
you ask further? In 
God, what could you make ben 
Answer. 

n. 

What do we wish, however ? In 
other words, what can we promise 
you ? 

First of all, there nrc twenty pro- 
mises wc cannot make yon, and i 
our duty here to warn you of our 
mat. 

We b you ever to 

considci aimed revolt as B duty or 
a right. We cling with all the 
strength of our urn ng to tHc 



-58 



Apptal to WorkuigmcH. 



doctrine that even against inju^ 
the protest should be martyrdom, 

ncslljr accepted, hcrokaUf sub- 
mitted. Thu • first Chris- 
tuns; they ailowcd themselves to 
be slaughtered like b< beep, 
covered with generous blood. This 
sublimely pa- 'ancc will not 
take lioMi us, as it never did from 
them, the liberty of speech ; they 
air belief in God, 
the supreme Principle, and in the 
Son of God, the sover. Uor. 
And when fifteen or eighteen mil- 
l.ons had been killed, the church 
triumphed ; she then came forth from 
the catacombs, and to her was given 
the mission to enlighten the world. 

We do not promise you the liberty 
of doing evil, and it would be false 
if we even appeared to make such 
nt. At this instant, 
there arc rive hundred men in France 
who pervert, corrupt, putrefs 

these arc four hundred arid 
iters and ten Ctrii 
according to our idea, it is dep! 
blc that they can freely exercise t 

le, and destroy with impunity so 
many millions of souls among yo 
girls, young men, and workmen. 

COlttOt with sincerity promise 
you absolute equality on this earth. 
What we can efter 

is that beautiful equality of Christians 
who arc sprung from the same God- 
Creator, caved by the same God-Rc- 

mer, enlightened by the same 

(lod-llluii ! ;■, the equal 

profound equality, of bap: 
and the eucharist; the equality 
of souls in trills and rciv, 
. in fine, • heavm As 

the other, we will exhaust our- 
selves in the effort to obtain it ; but 
we have two obstacles before us, 
over which we do not hope to tri 
umph — sickness and vice No 
equality is possible with these two 
scourges, and they are ineradicable. 



We cannot promise you either 
gitimate or even 

of suffering, to taking so 
from man— which is imposail 
they would take from him 
semblance to God, and coiueqois*- 1 
ly his true greatness and 
to heaven. 1 he more w 

we resemble our Father, tit 
more we merit eternal joy. In sstj 

rill he fou Ch 

principle, which we cannot 
from the Gospel, and which is 
the essence of the Christian 
Hut we promts : with yoc I 

i has doDc tor 
eighteen hundred years, to al 
your sorrows, to heal your wounds, 
to satisfy your and rocnl 

hunger, and to thin: 

for truth. Toe fathers of the 
invite us only to consider ourselra 
as "depositaries of riches. 1 
property is but a deposit in tat 
hands— a deposit which we arc 

liged to communi. 
you, and for whi must rendo" 

an account to the k 

which 
gives to the soul a noble attriboir 

And •uh 
faith we can : what has bees 

well called the utle. f 8fr— 

the intelligence thanks to whi 
workman knows how to accept in- 
equality, because he sees in the acri- 
2011 the beautiful perspective of eter- 
nity. We promise you calmness ■ 
nty, the consolation that ever/ 
workman can feel in regarding hit di- 
vine t. (.in giving you tbic 
type, you ••rill possess a rare treasure, 
for which your souls are justly eager. 
We promise you the sweetness of 
work Christian!? accepted. Sayss 
great Christian : " What matters work 
when Jesus Christ is there r" It is 
here that we muM recall those splen- 
did verses of the greatest of oor 
poets— those verses which we would 



sec written on the walls 
all our trancfigured workshops: 
xl, look you — let the senseless 
:t — cause to be bom of labor two 
(biers : Virtue which makes cheer- 
as sweet, and Cheerfulness which 
cs virtue charming." And 
t, jrou will conquer also the 
uragc of life"; for you will be 
rinced that all beings arc sub- 
*d to this great law, and" that the 
rs of your hammers are the notes 
i universal chant. "All work, 
i one is at his post; he who 
ms the state; the savant, who 
ads the limits of human cxplor.i- 
the sculptor, who makes the 
ic spring from his chisel; the 
, who sings between his tears and 
; the priest, who punishes 
pardons — all, down to you, poor 
:ruan. in your smoky workshop, 
arc all living stories of that «• 
ral formed of souls and 
s for the glory of God." • H 

thoughts, the day appears short, 

labor assumes an exquisite char- 

What joy to say. " I . 

the entire anivem i k as 

himself has set me the exam; 
ill further, we promise you honor 
pride. The Christian workman, 
. we hope to see multiplied 
wis, loves his trade ; he is proud 

and would blush . 
t 1: to .ill others. He coir. 
!$ with 'i the work 

ll he has jus: .; m.l. 

the Creator, v. :.:m- 

rr, finds it beautiful. He at- 
:ousy to equal 

surpass the- 1-cst workmen of his 
, He think* that his country 
Id be the most honorable and 
most honored of all, and that 
ice should be the equal of all 
r powers. On this subject be 
« jest, but becomes grave. 



If he belongs to a corj he h 

enthusiastic lor the glory QJ 
ner, and will not aUow i 
cd. When a man thu 

fed to reaped 

ol what l willingly i 
the workman's honor. 

Wc promise you peace of con- 
science, the happiness thai follows 
accomplished duty, the repose in 
Every workman among i 
to his children 

learned men of the day, the Din 
ous ' ml dc Ronge, wrote in 

■ i.iy my children • 
serve the faith. Repose of mind and 
heart can only he found in ]■■ 
it, the Son of God, and the 
rioni of n To work, says a 

contemporary philosopher, i> easy; 
to repose is difficult Man v. 

)Ut repose when 1. rdy- 

only upon himself; he works 
he commences by- 
first conn df to God. This 
U the repose we offer yon ; it is su- 

will be led to repose, in working for 
Othem, like good Claude dex Hi;: 
the stone-cutter of St. Point, the friend 
of Lnmartme, who, poor as he was, 

worked gratuitously for those 
than he, and said to i :ien 

retiring to rest : " I have earned a 
good day's wages ; tor I oor pay 

me u 

: t, and tli' God 

will pay DM in mercy." i I 
of the Christian workman ! 
We pron ■■ unceasing- 

rial condition as for the enlai 
of your undi I il be to 

us if we did not think of the lodg- 
ing, wan 
workman's family ; 
ftscatc science to our pi not 

extend to you the if we 

ceased for a single instant to Oj 



Afiptal to Workingwn. 



scbo 

of peace and of li 

light terrified us. Fioni texts of the 
.nd ever will pre- 
sences, 
philosophical, and social; and these 
cow Itute a pn 

■at and ever new— our progress. 
the only true progv 

i y, we promise to organize 
with the wurkingmen's as- 

sociations. Association only frightens 

■■hen it leans toward! despot 
and we wish principally to give it a 
ions character. The confrater- 
! an oM word, which is i 
d, but which in reality is a great 
; ; men reunited for one tempo- 
ral aim under the protection of God, 
their angel guardians, an .'les- 

tial patrons ; fice men, discussing with 
all loyalty the interests of their 
trade, and knowing how to govern 

themselves. Von will invent nothing 
rorided always that, in this 
enlarges: an, the Catholic 

t is hartnoDM with 

tiic ruin of soda] science. 

We are in the midst of a crisis 
which cannot last long; to our mu- 
tual aid and co-operative 
others will succeed more scicntiti- 
orgar.izcd, and, above all, more 
Christian. H id this future, 

-vc it very near; it is the 
i this world now, and lex 
heaven hereafter — heaven, which is 

' PP)'- • • 

til. 

Mild seem impossible, in tlie 
face of si I nes, thai any mis- 

understanding could exist between 
the church and the workman ; but 
u has not understood it in this 
manner, and objections pour agai 
the church. 

■i been said repeatedly that 
the done BOI 



workman. It is tl 

i Hugo has gives to 
. and this book has 
Isrly contributed to develop fci 
in the hearts of the people. Nun 
ous writers, animated m 

it hate, a) y that, to I 

society well organised, we rnu 
ike 178 
the place of departure. 

To refute these as 
first t, in regard 

they forget that it was 1 
by the frightful of slat 

among the greater pan of 
before Christ, the wo 
for a long time principally 
Manual labor, which wa- 

ed, was performed by 
nations of slaves, who were paid wis 
lashes of the whip. Thus were boil 

•>f the magnificent monument 
o( the Greeks, 1 •_• all, of the 

Luments which tier 
place so far one of the 

present. I remember, one bcaoatt 
October ni 

contemplating ■■■ m tie 

immense mass of the Coliseum ; tk 
gigantic .-.halts of the column 
lay pell-mell at my feet ; the cofesul 
aqueducts defined a - ban- 

ron — all the splendors which are sul 
even in 1 .A pne* 

who B il<d,Si 

astonished admirati: 1 mot 

•.ledge that the Christian raoa 
have never produced such greu 
worl 

% true," Irt -nd I 

thank God for laaau- 

rucnis you behold were chiefly con- 
structed by the hands of slaves, sad 
we now only employ free w or km en. 

we pay I ibor." 

We do not sufficiently reflect co. 
this. Obelisks, immense pyramids, 

id porticos, hippodr. 
so much plebeian blood flowed; 
theatres where modesty was brutal- 



fated ; temples where they 

so many passions, so many 

> much vanity 

it houses, but 

the wife and child were so 

lined; astonishing mOOUn 

Mnpnrable art, I admire you 

kss since I know by whose 

you were raised. It is not 

tat they have built since the 

of Jesus Christ and the 

in history a proposition 

(' than mathematical den 
declare solemnly to be true; 
the (kurch rfrstroxf.i -■!,: 
c church that gradually trans- 
the slave into the serf; that by 
t compelled society, formed > 
change the serf info the free- 
Tins is established by the 
s, century after century, year 
ear, day after day. It is true, 
urch did not improvise in an 
this admirable change, this 
lous progress ; it is not her 
toii-i ind, truth to say, 

provisos nothing; she U 
put sorely. She never roused 
ves lo revolt, but she recalled 
iters to their duty. She gave 
:arc to the question of mar- 
etween slaves ; for, with intcl- 
ight, she knew that the 
[iiturc depended on it : 1 i 
, there were millions of | 
>oo, not one. 

rywhere existed admirable 
ernilics of workmen, who I 
bout pay on the numerous 
throughout Ku- 
thousands of men labored 
for God, or nobly carn- 
ir living in working for 
is. Will you deny this I iCt P I 
ju to do it. The church con- 
fer the workmen two inapprc- 
things — liberty and dignity; 
so many benefit*, she too 
ives but ingratitude and 



forgetfulness. One day, while ram- 
bling thruugh the wide streets of 
Oxford, that city of twenty-four 
colleges, formerly founded by the 
rcb, and which live to-day on 
g foundations Of our fathers, I 
inquired ji" there could be found a 
Catholic Church. I wal eondui 
into a kind of room, narrow and low, 
b many of your employers would 
not use for a factory or shop. That 
was what they condescended to lease 
the holy church ofCOd if) the splen- 
did city, built with hei 
bathed in her sweat. It is thus with 
the working-class, which is abo a 
creation of the church ; its mother is 
forgotten, and it is with difficulty 
that she is left a little corner in the 
workshop; but it is there we wul 
deavor 10 replace her with honor, 
and then each one of you can say 
with the poet Jasmin : " 1 remember 
that, when I was young, the church 
found me naked, and clothed me ; 
now that I am a man, I find her 
naked, in my turn I will cover her.' 
It is this cry we wish, to hear from 

Again, we hear that " the church is 
not the same to the rich and to the 
poor." When will it be proved, 
When can it be shown, that there arc 
two Creeds, two ties, two 

codes of morality, two s of 

uncnts, two dogmas, two disci- 
plines, two altars — one for the use of 
the great ones of the earth, the 

for the poor? It i 
never be done. They can bring for- 
ward a certain number of facts; they 
can cite abuses more or less deplorable, 
and which we condemn Ira] 
but the equality remains emu 
further, and affirm that the 
has unceasing. I the humble, 

the weak, and the laborers. '1 
arc her privileged ones, and she has 
well shown it. 

Another objection current I 



7 C2 



to Wvrkinspnrn. 



the working-class, another calumny 

;u»phcd orcr the mi 
of the people, unworthily deceived, 
is lii jus assertion that " the 

; h u the enemy of instruction," 
this abominable falsehood 
above all, applied to primary instruc- 
No if, natically 

proved ll re the estal 

the church, there did 
exist in the much-lauded an 
single school for workmen. Jliis 
first proposition is clearly 

it is not less mathematically de- 
monstrated that, since the advent of 
the churc chools have I 

attached to > >, and confid- 

ed to the direction of the clergy." 
Such are the words of a learned roan 
of our day, who has best appreciated 
question, and who, in order to 
establish his conclusion, appeal 

I the most luminously authentic. * 
Wc will not pause here to speak of 
the profound love of Christ for the 
ignorant — that love which shines 
.very page of the Gospel; 
nee will we linger over the epoch of 
the persecution of the early church ; 
but «c mil transport ourselves to 
France in the first period of our 
tory. 

At the coi • Vlt'n 

century, the Council of Vaison de- 
clares that for a hug time in Italy 

a priests had brought up young 
students own houses, and 

instructed them like good fathers in 
faith and sound knowledge." In the 
Council of Rouen goes 
further, and commands ali Ciristiam 
to send i to the city 

school : is not that instruction Chris- 
tianly free and Christianly obliga- 
tor)- ? M, ■..:■.',. bile, Charlemagne ap- 
pears, and watches en. 
these noble lights shall not be ex- 
tinguished, or that they may be re- 

•M. Oh. i* B M <irr|wto. Hut**, 
■»-»J»./i X» >> .m M,,i i I || i L 



lighted. In 797, a 
Tbeodulph oners th 
words : " Thai the 
tablish schools in the 
boroughs, and that no pay boob 
exacted from the children in re 

HBW decrees are (bund 
canons of the I of R 

m the bo! pe Let 

and in the capitulary 

1 lishop of Tours, in 858. 

Observe th.it these last quot 
Ixlong to the darkest, most 
epoch of our ha- 

I redo 
a ion had recently con* 
existence, without having yet 
side the Christian counterpoi 

.-. make a 
two or three hundred years, 
rive at the Xllth and XI lit 
tunes all becomes brilliant, at 

an furnish the list of 
schools that then existed even 
smallest villages. These st 
are extant, and can 1 
and from so many accum 
documents, * nd 

to 1790, the conclusion, ri| 
scientific must be drawn that 

ant period, even at the 
tion of our parishes, the cler| 
country dispensed instructio 
agricultural classes. It 
throughout the middle age* 
even at a recent epoch we ha 

priests in many parishes 
the functions of leach) 
do our adversaries think oi 
act testimony ? All the 
then, having been foui 
church, what satanic tk 
ed to persuade the people 
chore t establish 

Still more scandalous i 
tion that the church has 
her en and of mercy ; foi 
her of 001 surlicicnt 

• Ch. At BampaU*. L 



fro 



tr and abandoned. We were 

d, several years ago. to find 

ingc assci iclebratcd 

the church owed to the 

mts the idea of the £ 
iity. Now, we have before 
:s acts truly innumerable, cs- 
ng clearly that there were 
Vari- 
ance in the XIkh tod Xlllth 
:s. During the first aget of 

a the midst of the perse- 
the poor, all poor, were assist- 
hetr home* by the deacons; 
ter the perso '.hese 

•ooi were reunited in licen- 
sees, which were divided into 

^cs as there were n 
relieve, lint for the fear of 
ailed pedants, »e would cite 
ie Bre/ofrofAia, or asylums 
liircn ; the Neswemia, or 
for the sick J the Otfhanotro- 
served for orphans ; and the 
MCRMd to old age. 

rom the XIkh and XIII th 
3 in all the episcopal cities, 
monastic centres, and in the 
st pai -re they never 

ristian ages, to 
the suffering, feed the hungry, 

the erring, and instruct the 
By these we arc easily 
the- XlVth Mid XVthrentu- 
ien we behold so many hos- 
so many charitable institu- 
ourishing on the surface of the 
in soil. Where are the tears 
is not dried ? the naked- 
e has not covered ? the cap- 
ae lias not redeemed? the 
.• has not visited ? the strang- 

has not received? the dead 
i not buried with bat tears? 
ners she has not pressed to 
u: ? the children she has not 
mile, and has not instructed 
jsolcd ? the laborers she has 
is a blow to error 



and misrepresentation ; the proofs are 
clear — you can, you must re. 
Again, they object that 
rch docs not occupy herself at 
the present time with the soiial, Ike 
labor question." I can show a hundred 
books, bearing the gr.'. one 

names, entiiely eoaoectated t:> th;', 
new science. For eighteen hundred 
years, the church has not ceased for 
an instant to put political economy 
into action; for she hat not ceased 
an instant to lean towards all 
to relieve them; towards all eoJ 
menu to purify them. Without t 
having regarded sacrifice and resig- 
nation as the last solution of the 
social problem ; without ever In. 
renounced the hope of seeing the 
reign of God in a happier future, she 
has never ceased to preach resi 
tion to the weak, and sacrifice to the 
powerful. For eighteen hundred 
years, the Cfau also written 

her economical theory; for, on ac- 
count of tb< s connection 
between the lOcial question 
theology, it can be laid wRh all 
truth that, up to the XlXth ccntur \ . 
there have been as many books 
written of political economy as trea- 
of theology. 
Thanks be to God, the day has 

■aired when a science has been 

.led entirely consecrated to the 
study of the soci 
from recoiling before it, the church 
hasvaliai. ced to the charge. 

Undoubtedly she has a hundred 
Other works on hand, and is obi! 
to choose the hour when she a 
menccs the task ; the hour has sound- 
ed in this same house, where you 
listen to me with so m<: 

f Monday a modest council ii 
held, which also wishes to take the 
name of Jrsus-OuvrUr. From ill 
nae rcprett 

of the religious orders, ami for | 
they joyfully sacrifice every occtJ| 



7*4 



Temfie. 



lion; they occupy t hemsel ve s with 
tbe Labor .[uatioo and ibc workman. 
These meetings List two, three, and 
even tour boon. They seek to study 
tbe principles which govern this 
q nrifto n ; the histocy of the eftarts 
that hate been made until the pre* 
•eat day in favor of the workman; 
the obsta cles which oppose the solu- 
tion of this grand problem; and, 
finally, the remedies which can be 
brought to bear upon these accumu- 
lated evils. This a what is done by 
these priests, these religiou s , these 
Catholics; they will review one after 
the other the workman, the work- 
ingman's family, the workiagman's 
anoriarion. This is tbe pLsn of the 
book whose materials they are gath- 
ering ; these are the three parts of a 
species of theology of Labor which 
tbey are preparing in concert. In 
twenty o'.her places in Parts are bcM 
twenty other assemblies, not less 
Catholic, animated by the same 



spirit, pursuing tbe same end; 
we can now say that the princi ple 
Catholic social ititm m h j is 

I will now cocci od e, and 
hot glance orer the space we have 
traversed together. I commeoctl 
with the cross, and will finish with «. 

In one of our romances of chivil* 
ry, it is related that tbe wood nf tbe 
cross borne in front of t 
army in a battle against the Saracens 
suddenly rwwmert gigantic and at- 
raculous proportions ; it too< 
sky, and was more luminous than the 
sun. The infidels, seised with terror, 
broke and fled, and the Christian 
counted another victory. Tbe enm 
of the Circles of Worktngmen is 
very small, anil will not prob- 
ably be the suliject of such a prodigy f 
nevertheless. 1 hope that its genoe 
light will end by assuring the victory; 
ic victory that wc desire is tail 
the workman may be thrown a the 
arms of Jesus Chnst. 



THE TEMPLE. 

■ Caew rr. — Out r>" ■«■*«» ue tW temple ot ihc Ilolv G4o* ?"-i Car. n *. 

MS, I have found a temple wheie to dwell : 
Sealed up and watched by spirits day and night ; 
Behind the veil there is a crystal well ; 
The glorious cedar pillars s :ht. 

All gemmed with big and glistening drops of dew 
Tliat work their way from out yon hidden flood 
By mystic virtue through the fragrant wood, 
Making it shed a faint, unearthly smell ; 
And from beneath the i 
In rich and glossy folds of various hue. 
Soft showers of pearly light run screamingly 
Over the checkered floor and pavement blue. 
Oh ! that our eyes might see that fount of grace ! 

ic hath entered yet his own hear; ice. 




ears ago, upon m of 

Rev. F. Mignault, .11 Cham- 
! were most agreeably 

to meet an old and rallied 
whom tic had not seen or 
card from for many years. 

1 known him as a Prot< 

was none the lOB to tee 

the habit of a Catholic pi 
the first salutation*, tea was 
when we all withdrew to the 
arlor of our reverend host — 
can ever forget who 
ace participated in its genial 
, and inhaled the kmdl] 
re of its old-time hospitality — 

tor a Ion: 
ling of social delight. 

1 ipeoed by eager in- 
of the friend, whom we had 
as Dr. Morrir, touching the 
is religion and profession, 
rnic hesitation , and smiling at 
jency of our request foi 
e, he complied, saying : 

the utc life T'lu. kt Ihil challenge 
Vat mj txcrttt." 

ncili: pleted 

:otch university, at an 1 

p waj usual with students of 

aaion. 

:d:atcly after receiving my 

, I joined a colony of my 
men who were U-. 
1 regions of Upper Canada, 
jr arrival, not relishing the 
ifc in •• the bush," I decided 

in the little village of Brock- 
stead of remaining with the 

Jg the progress of the last 
ween Great Britain and the 



1 : ted States, I had a professional 
call to go up the St. Lawrence, a 
two days* journey. 

It was a glorious morning in June 
when, having accomplished the ob- 
ject of my visit. 1 set cur. on my n> 
. trip. I was then a strauger to 
: region, and, attracted by the pe- 
culiar beauty of the scenery on the 
iivcr, I determined to 1 lusty 

highwi : enjoy a stroll along its 

banks for a few miles. Accordingly, 
dismissing 111 ;. 

and directing bin to await my 

val at a little inn some miles below. 
I turned my Btepa towards the ma- 
jestic stream, whose flowing waters 
and wide expanse formed a lead 
feature of the charming landscape 
before me, and an appropriate finish 
or bouB i : 1 r >• up the eye 

retted with ever-incrc. 
tion and delight. 

1 had loitered on, absorb 
contemplation of the 

ing occasionally to ws 
changes wrought by the wing 01 
passing zephyr as it touched the pol- 
ished mirror here and there, leaving 
a ripple mprc like a magic shadow 
upon :c than any ruffling of 

its peaceful bosom, and peering into 
..bysscs, with the eye of an eager 
enthusiast, to see — 

•' Wilkin ihf ii*pih» '■< ilsc*picto*i brnM 
lmciied ucu, »=a lucLt. «nd uaic ikiti." 

lulled, |}l 

scioitsness of present beaut)', tC 

yet that— 

" r.«rrT'» illlt w*xo (*r r*mnt#, 
Tb« ilrouns (u dl«»nt o( mjr nitir* el«n« "— 

over the thoughts of w. 
homesick spirit was but too prone to 
brood. 



766 



An Evening in Ckautblj. 



I had reached a close thicket of 
Ion- bushes that skirted the water's 
edg>:. were suddenly 

arrested I mad a little in 

advance of me. Peeping cautiously 
through the leafy screen of my se- 
cure hiding-place, I saw what seemed 
to ray excited fancy more like an 
apro Bf world than 

aught that belonged to this. Upon the 
gentle slope of a hill which descended 
to the water, and close upon the bank, 
stood a gigantic tree that threw its 
shadows stream, and at 

the fool ol it Mil a youthful ml 
1. the rusl 
s of which had first am. 
my attention. She seen 
to pore intently over its page* 

•:ie, while 
her eyes roamed anx. and 

led on the bank, her 
slight form enveloped lotld- 

foldsof a white ma 

wild sol:: ' the 

:ic page that vu unfolding to 

her i tious lore, hidden from 

mortal ken, through which the power 

iicr enchantments should be 

gained L While I 

wonder upon 

the serene intelligence and WUTJ 

light which played about her fair fea- 

iikc a glory upon 

;»rised by 

the soft tones of a voice proceeding 

I rem (be tangled underwood that 

upward sweep of the 

bill : " Bits the pale-face alone on this 

bright s.i 5 ?" 

how you star- 
breaking so suddenly upon 
my dreams! I v. i sitting 

alone under the' shade of this old 
tree, pondering Ovei a page b his- 
tory ; counting the white sails far up 
and down among the Thousand Is- 
lands; watching the boiling whirl- 



pools in the waters of our dear old 
St. I-awrence ; and thin of more 

things than I should care to enumer- 
ate, when your voice broke the speH 
and disenchanted roe. How is «, 
Magawiska, that my sisters 

i ness always approach so safely, 
taking us, as it were, unawar 

" In that, we do but follow the ex- 
ample v all things w:. 

ealed to 
the forest. But come away with 
me, my White Dove, to I 

page in history is turned, aal 
strong hands are even now 
the next one in 1 blood t 

Many a white sail has glanced 
through the mazes of the Thousand 

dl that will never thread tins 
fairy dance again, and the waters, sj 
below, are already tinged fur- 
ther toward t .:h ttrf 
heart's blood of many a brare sol- 
dier I Let my fair one come away; 
for old Honey Bcc, the rr. 
woman, has just returned from Chip- 
pewa, and may bring some news of 
the gallant young captain «bo com- 
mands the Wall Floated ret 
the thoughts of my pale 
him from the folds of the wl 
she was so busy counti:: 

But yea 
words alart i Hceer 

Bee has no bad tidings for me fnw> 
him you name ! What ran she iaos 
of him?" 

• I know not; on nj ho 

whispering to my v. 
dian tongue, and ■■ die a- 1 

tered at raw 

"Well, I will go 
hear whatever news she has 
me." 

"Will my sister 
the Vale of the Spirit-Jo* 
crossing which the 
wigwam is so greatly shortened r*" 
are sure yon kaow 



An Evening in . 



767 



rfectly; for I have never 
its dre | ^elf." 

fear ! the Dove shall be as 
home of the wild bird as 
tber." Saying 
ig daughter of the 
: away over the hill. 
ir companion, 
ey vanished, I quietly 
from my hiding-place and 
them at a distance, crcep- 
usly along to avoid nwak- 
sounds in the for- 

which we soon enu 
reach the quick ear of 
g native, and at the same 
ing ■ note of her 

She was quite young 
liful for one of her race. 
I.t and grace- 
cry motion, while ha 1 
;p seemed scarcely to 1 1 
tf herbage and moss under 
r noiseless course. As 

. the ever 1 

glance over her ihouli 
ischicvously to see die 
oompai 
e with her rapid movements 
he tangled recesses of the 
ng the o; 
the hill, they entered the 
its base to which the 
aw had alluded. I 
hen I 1 cn- 

ihadows. So 
the light therein 00 I 
Jut:' mi : ..lake 

t to realize that the hour 
igbt! I could discern 
itc upon the gr< 

uld which 
ered in those damp (ha 

ore closely, 
vegetable growth, embntc 
>rm every variety of wild 
in the ncigh- 
. but entirely c 
the total absence of I 

these singu- 



I::: "spirit-flowers," which presented 
Bppeannce of transparent 1 

talrii them 

by the full light 01 

inent they were exposed to the .sun. 
tO my great suqirisc they melted like 
snow-flakes, lesvi 

-., ii\ my hands.* 
When they reached th 
I secreted myself in a thicket 

hear the convcrsa- 

between the old squaw and the 

beautiful strai having | 

,e of the Indi 
i' than 1 afterwards acquired. I 
COuM not fee] quite safe to leave her 
r power. " Maga- 
Oriska tells me," she ■ 

biush tatioa of maidenly re- 

serve, '• that you have just return- 
ed from a distant voyage, and n 

v something of events which ar 
takin : ir Dp the wilderness of 

■ate : 

i if ti.e Hooey Bee knows, 

and should fill your car with tah 
bitta 'ild not the p 

the was more ready to 
Id she lovc-t than to nourish her 
. etness ? No, my White 
<■ ! retora to the nest of tin 
mother, and seek not to hear of in- 
jur which then 1* no cure I " 

•• 1 mail know, and 1 will not go 
until you have told me 

vebej rled •• For the love 

liter, n jrou know 

aujjit of the I.tghtfoot, tell me; for 1 

bear an) 1 
the dread of those I know not ! " 
" Kvcn so; if the Bee must wot 

ic.irt she would rather die than 
grieve, even so ; the will of : 

i must he done, and may lie 
what he has broken! There 
has been a bo tile; the ■ 

of thy father are the victors. The 
]l',iifu.'i/ih went down in the mi 

sua. 



768 



In Evening in Chawbly. 



of the fight. The Lightfoot was 
known to be on deck' and wounded 
when ii sank- Thy father is madden- 
ctl at the triumph of his foes, 
rejoices Over the fall of him whom 
lie hated foi his bravery in their 
cause, for his religion, and for the 
love the young brave had won from 
the only daughter of the old man's 
heart and hofl 

How my l>osom throbbed in 
with the moans 
and stifled sobs that burst from the 
young hear;, i i ished under the 
weight Of this scries of dire calami- 
ties, knot ! .in aid or 
pity cot: relief! Aiti r 
some time, she whispered faintly: 
there, then, no hope for (he ; 
;cn heart, so suddenly bereft of 
? Oh ! tell me, my 
i motbet of the 
there no 
have escaped ? 
rj hear 
utter DM .insurance 

It, even if it were his 
, I think ( could be reconciled, 
this terrible, uniooked-for part- 
ing ! Say, mother, may he not have 
■ May I not see hiffl once 

•• Hie hand of the Great Spirit is 

iiowctful to beal as to bruise! Since 

u vra not raised to protect and 

ved from death 

when no other couid have saved him, 

look . . :, for the 

i fort thou wilt seek elsewhere in 

there not hundreds of 

I would gladly have 

ins blood for the life 

.Icjier than their own, and 

I in' many conflicts 

irs from 

iff, p.ile daughter 

rig and lauir::- 

e camp of the 

wcic melted VO womtu's 



that he may 
\: I could but sec 
his gentle voice 

of constancy 



tears at the sight 1 have told tie 

thing more was tail 
..g st ran. 
accompanied by Mag&wiska. 

A few days later, I was sumaounl 
in the night to attend upon a •oat| 
cd soldier on the American e 
the St. Lawrence. I entered a but! 
canoe with a lal! , woo* 

powerful arm soon impel] 
vessel across the broad, swi I 
After landing, he conducted 
a dense and pathless forest, throng 
which I difficult}' 

making my way with sufficient spwl 
(0 keep within ear-shot of my guide, 
To tee him was out 
the interlaced and overhauj 
liage, though the moon was lin- 
ing, excluded every ray c 

at my course was buried m 
| darkness. A long aat 
through the woedt 
brought us at length to a clu 

: tc:l !u 
the most spacious one — I 
of the " Leader of Praj 
I found a remarkably fin 

ig officer lying, faint ftotn 
of blood and the fatigue 
A Catholic missionary, whom 
frequently met by the ! 
the sick, and in .the course of hi* 
journeys from one encampment to 

by him, bathing his hands 
ce in cold water, .. 
in;; words of encouragement and 
i during every interval of 
momentary consciousness. 

From him I learned that the b> 
dians from the scene of action 
lake had brought the wounded hub 
thus (»t on the way to his frie 
his earnest requ anxious w;i 

he to reach home that he wc 

it to stop for r they 

leir boat, although the ii 
td motion renewed the bleeding of 



An Evening in Chambly. 



769 



round, which had been partially 
lied, until lie was so far exhaust- 
as to become wholly uncon- 
s, when they linked here, having 
ght ugh the wood* on 

er. Tin. . id given I 

res iiecti un- 

to check the flow of blood, ■ 
fast draining rent 

iad administered the is 
s to the young man, who be- 

f<l t: ■ who 

recently removed from Uticato 
r eel rs of 

i Lake. 

made B hasty examination, and 
discovered the position of the 
t. 1 UK extracting it, 

win 
0*a gl 

oru tlie moment I looked Dj 
however. I regarded his rccov- 
smorc tiian doubtful Had the 
received earii . and 

Jligue of removal : 
i w«- ibility that youth- 

ner. ■• carried him 

igh : c ordeal . 

found would have been critical 
r the most favorable circum- 
K*. 

ben he became conscious 1 
Ml during the operation, 
■d in my face, he compreheni 
iffice I was performing, and read 
»y countenance the and 

it which posse 

Do 1 until 

1 OVO mtly said. -'This 

end father will acquaint 
Is with my fate, for he knows 
." 

issurcd him I would rem 
and he: :o the stupor 

|i I feared would be I 
t w; : him with silent 

lude. While the priest 
ly at the pages of 

reviary, my thoughts wandered 
the painful present back to the 

—49 



dear old land from which I was a 
lonely, homesick exile; to bri 
scenes of the past, fond memories of 
b neither time nor absence could 
obliterate, and drew a rivid 
between them and the circumstances 
of my new l ially at this 

hour. What would thi nds 

1 whom I had parted 1 

if they could sec me in the 
midst of this wild and d .ne, 

surrounded by the mi tUHS 

of savage life? H 
would they not listen to the bowling 
of wolves and of cata- 

mounts in the woods around u$? 
How sadly • 1 continually 

1 plaint of the 1 oot> 

will" fall upon their car; while, to 
heighten the glo; the 

weird concert, tl rettt 

resounded tea of the 

screech-owl, answered, as if in d 
sun, by their multitudinous laughing 
brothers, whose fa ha I 

ha! ' I like the 1 I x:k- 

Mjr of a thou- nans over the 

anxious vigil in thai vigwam. 

I was gloomily pn ain 

of ill 

near the entrance of the lodge ar- 
rested my att: | me 
from my reverie. Tttl eye 
iu thai direction, I perceived by the 
dim light the form of old Honey 
lkc entering softly, ac< I by 
; ilc, in whom, assta 1 i-.cd 
the wounded man and 

:, to my 
astonishment, the Undine of mj for- 
mer adfonttu , 

rough) io that 
fair face I Th 
been so transformed from their n 

lion of careless joy to the 
settled pallor. ess 

of poignant anguish that I could 
scarcely bring re it 

was the same. 
Calmly she approached and leaak 



7/0 



ning in Chat 



by the sufferer, taking his hand and 

■mg her fair forehead npon it. 

Thus sl;e remained for some time 

ccchless agony, when my 
caught the whispered prayer : " O 
if there a licaven 

for a poor broken heart, let him look 
upon mc once more ! Let me hear his 
gentle voice once again !"' Then, 
placing her mouth to his ear, she 
said clearly, in a low, pleading tone : 
'Wiil you rot speak to me once 
again, my own betrothed ?" 

Slowly, ,-s if by a painful effort, 
the drooping eydi the long 

lashes from hi .yes 

rested with unutterable tenderness 
upon the pale face which was bend- 
iiim. "Oht speak to me! 
if you know n»c '." she pleaded, 
with convulsive earnestness. 

Repeatedly did the colorless lips 

y essay to speak, and at length 

the words were wrenched from them, 

as it were, in broken sentences, by 

the agonized a 

- My i <wn, my best be! May 

God bless and comfort you ! 1 leave 
. him ! He is good to the 
Dg. Trust in 
my own lore, and he will never fail 
you. I am going to him, but I will 
pray far jpo« ever, e-. Then, 

with another strong effort, while a 
sweet jxn3e stole over the features 
upon which death had set his seal, 
.1 you lather I forgive alir" 
A gurgling sound — a taint gasp — and 
the light went out from the large 
dark eyes, the hand which had held 
hers relapsed its grasp, and, before 
the holy priest had dosed the prayers 
for the departing spirit, all was over! 
1: was the oKL old story, repeated 
n and again, alike in every vil- 
lage and hamlet, oa die bosom of 
ohl ocean, in the city and in the 
niKl .-mew. through all the ages since 
ingri of death first spread his 
« tttgs o>ct a fallen worVi, ansa cas- 



ried their dark shadni 
honv ling the si 

ing only the cloud. The s 
" ever ancient and ever new 
will be repeated again ai 

shall be no longer," yet wS 
fall with new surprise upon 

■art-strickei 
had never before heard of 
God 
closes for those souls vh 
ones " rest in hope 
lions that become, in time, 
ing angels over life'.-, 
smoothing the rnggedoess, 1 

torn, even onto 
the valley whose shadows 
of death, and . -g tbei 

tender aid through the d 
sage. 

j did we remain in 
broken or-.;-, ter sols 

from the bleeding heart 
youthful mourner. One by 
ins, each with his r> 
had entered noisefesa 
reverently kneit. 
filled with a pious and prtftf 
iirmMige. 

In the course of 
I had wil :.iany 

scenes, but had never bea 
familiar with the countenance 
pallid mes sen ger as to . 
looker-on. A sen: 
new of life " deepened upoi 
each repetition of the vision 
Bat I lud never before 
at one dial so en 
whole being as 
all the attributes of wild 
nag pathos! 

God forgive mc ! I 
lived without a thought 
his requirements, and wb 
eat to all religion. My 
unstained by i 
ed by no rrfigious 
Sax n axr} interest in 



ipcct, ! :• 

have claimed to l* a i 
riatian. I resolved by that 
I ile I held the cold hand 
lifeless hero in mine, and 
ny tears with those of the 
carted mourner, tli.it it 
be so no n and 

resolved to begin a new life, 
:rcd mjscif to God and I 
in whatever paths it I 
lis h. ;:t uus to me. 

the morni vned, old 

Bee, with gendc persuasions 
ectionatc urgency, drew the 
; maiden away, and I saw her 
:. I assisted the good priest to 

the remains of the \ 
or the removal, which he was 
and then sought his ad- 
vance in my own spirit- 
irs, freely opening to him the 
of my whole lile. Ale 
such directions as I required, 
ng to sec him again soon 

Eille, I r: \ the way 

id never revisited lb 
treks later, I was called 
ilencc of a well-known I 
a leader of the Orangemen in 
Canada, to attend a consulta- 
a several older physicians upon 
e of his daughter, who 
a very alarming state with a 
Upon entering the 
patient, I was again surprised 
over in this victim c: 
»e lovely mourner of 
me in the wilderness. She 
a partial stupor, and, when 
roused, would utter incohc- 
1 mysterious expressions con- 
with the events of that n 

l were ua* 
i by nor. yself, who 

ad the key to their meaning. 
hail formerly been amazed to 
nge a few days bad accom- 



plished, how much more was I now 

at the rersgei wrought by 

sorrow anil disease ' Could it be 

hol- 
low mask bel : the 
r.icc that had 

blooming in beauty — shining with the 

The anguish of her hru:. 
was pitiful to see ! 1 '• ■ . not 

to yield to the pressure of a g 
which was crushing his proud B| 
his effort to maintain a cool and dig- 
nified demean ined by any 

human or divine, was a spectacle 
to make angels weep. Abu I 

: of poor burn In what- 

ever de it 

may be encrusted, there arc n 
when its warm i 
the shell, and asscit theii own * 

tend* 
ing ! :munccd tl 

of tiic con ions 

;...n that no i'm I ai.l 

could be of any avail, he stalked 
and down the room i 
with rapid str 

me, and fixing I hut 

eyes on D 

•• it is fotttr&l I tell • 
even so. i 

seen her |. ; 

cobin and Papist! At least, I 1 
been spared that disgrace ! 
daughter! Oh! she was my . 
one; peerless in mind, i . and 

in goodness; an. I mi 
Ma! it is mockery \r> say so! It 
j: be tli.1t si:. 

i for worn 
As God is good, it may :. 
w/, be !" 

! he was uttering these G 

hi struck me 
like an inspiration. The 

I loncy Ike arose suddenly In : 
my mi ml. I remembered that the 
gained the reputation among 
the settlers of performing nurvcAtoi& 



Am Evening in Chsmhlj. 



cures in cases of this kind by the use 
of soch simples a* her knowledge of 
all ihe production* of the fisldi 
forests and their medicinal proper* 
.ties had enabled her to obtain and 

■ 
Therefore, when the haugh ty officer 
pasted, I ven 

ear and her mother's only, that the 
Indian woman might possibly be 
able to make such at - ai 

might at least' alleviate the violence 
of the painful and alarming symp- 
toms. He was at first highly indig- 
nant at the proposal of even bringing 
one of that hated race into h:\ house, 
much less woold be permit one to 
minister to his daughter. But when 
I respectfully urged that she be 
brought merely as a nurse, in which 
vocation many of her people were 
known to excel, and which I bad 
known her to exercise with ^ 

in the coarse of my pract;c-, 
failing not to mention her lore and 
admiration fee the saHei er, the en- 
treaties of the sorro « -stricken, anxious 
mother were joined with mine, and 
prevailed to obtain his consent. I 
was requested to ren: she 

shook! arrive. Nothing was said of 
the matter to the other pbyaicians, 
who soon took their leave. 

When the old friend of the hap- 
less maiden arrived, she consented 
-kc charge of the case only upon 
condition that she should be left en- 
tirely alone with the patient, and be 
permitted to pursue her own coime 
without interruption or interference. 
It was difficult to bring the imperi- 
ous officer to these terms; but my 
confidence in the fidelity of the 
old squaw, and increasing assurance 
that the only hope of relief for the 
sufferer lay in the remedies she 
might use. combined with the pray- 
ers of her mother, won his reluctant 
consent, if I could be permitted to 
sec hts daughter dxfts.uwa rcoon 




her coodi: 

do, and found no difficult y in 

ig the permissina tu 
practitioner to that efic- 

•her the presence of a stmfw- 
thizing friend assisted the treat-sol 
pursued I do not know. 1 
often mysterious sympathies 

cs whose potency baffles 
wisdom of philosophers and 
searches of science Certain 
that, to my own astonish: 
less than to that of the gri 
parents, there was a manifest 
provement in the condition of 
daughter from the boor her 
nurse undertook tbe charge. 
In a few weeks, the attend 

x was no longer so- 
cessary. The joy and gratr 
the father knew no bounds. Hr 
would gladly have forced a Urge 
reward upon her for services 
had proved so successful, but 

it, sayir, 

the Great Spint has guided 

ey Bee to gather are Ml 

iver and gold. Freeh; 

. ilicm ; as freely do his 

dispense them. 

scorn to barter the lore he Lai; 

for gold. i that tin. 

ter of the white chief lit 

him see that he que 

I of her young life again in 
horn 

- What does she mean . 
tered, as she departed. " Doe* 
know? : .: cannot . 

be some surmise gathered from o- 
pressious of my daughter in her it- 
m." 
In accc: 
I bad called •: 

dance of the Indian woman, «■> 
found opportunity, from I 
time, to explain to me the area* 
stand Dg the rescue uf li* 

met 

bom he r» 



tljf beloved, supposed, when : 
bis vessel go down, that he was 
as they 1 avc been 

y wounded. A solitary In 
another detachment was - 
of the catastrophe while he 
guiding his canoe in a direction 
>sitc to that of the encampment, 
on the other side of the scene 
rtion. He dashed at once 
rail bark into lllC il the 

y, to . if ]>os- 

, to any who might have cscap- 
thc ill-fated vessel. While 
tras watching, to his great joy 
aw the young officer rise 10 the 
ce, and was able to seize 

• him into the canoe. As he 
passing to the shore, he was 

:cd by the father of the officer's 
>thed, and the nature of his 

discovered. A volley of mus- 
1 wis immediately directed i ; 
anoc. and the Indian received a 
al wound. He was so near the 
t that he was rescued by 
', but died soon after 
told her that I had beard the 
from the 
onary at the wigwam, 
e then informed me that, after 
came to take charge of the 
len, as soon as Ik bc- 

! sufficiently • leat- 

her critical condition, the 
pied so piteously thai the | I 
it be scut fot that it •■ 
blc to refuse. When he came 
ivatcly, of course, for it w.-.s too 

known that her father w. 
r consent to such a « 
ateil permission to pi the 

olic faith without delay. A 

• hesitation, the priest consei 
i he found her well ini 

s great and important truths, 
I her conies 

isiton of I red 

itional baptism ; following the 
jy the consoling and transcend- 



ent gift which is at once the life 
and nourishment of the Catholic 
soul and the sun of the Cat!, 
meat. 
The iquaw dreaded the violence 
of her father when he thOl | | 

cover what hail transpired, and 
joined it upon me to shield the 
tun. if possible, from the storm of his 
wrath. Alas! she little dreamed 
how powerless I should prove in 
nflict! 
Before the strength of the invalid 
was established, that discovery was 
made. I had known much of the 
unreasoning I ini- 

wss cherished by the 
. lies j 
but I was still \ repared 

for his savage outbreak. He heap 
curses ope and 

pour* bitter B 

the 
had been permitted to live only to 
such hopi race upon his 

gray 1. 
Despite the mother's tears and 
rs, he ordered her from the 
I ever to re- 
turn or to call him father again. 
Once more did old Honey Bee 
come to the rescue of her fri>t/g/e. 
Her . ■ fa id n i C licr 

vigilant, and, when the mai 
driven from her father's house, she 
was received and conducted to a 

i had l< 
prepared for her Here 

she was serve d I tender 

removed 

to Montreal, whither her kind nurse 

led her, and she entered at once 

: her noviti Ql there. 

The day after her departure, I 

also took my leave of that part of the 

and, procci 

-1 state. 
In due time, 1 was or the 

new office of n tual 

instead o( phvsvcal \VA t \N| \<*a\\v.\ 






■:bly. 



■ hich in clearly made knov. 
inc by tint death-bed in the wlldcr- 

now that I have related to 
;:t doctor 
came a Catholic m at, l must ask, 
happened that you 
and your family became Cithol 

•• The Itorjr b soon told," we re- 
plied. " Very pre 

might never have been called to 
it but lor a great affliction 
:? laid upon us in the suffer- 
er only 
• 1 daughti . with 

rosy health until hi pear, and 

a merrier little sprite the sun never 
shone upon. 

Mcnly disi 

upon her, and, w, :.;; uiuler 

'ppressive weight, s^ie felt more 
more <!; by day, with 

a thcmghtfulnexj rapidly matured by 
suitcrinjr, the 
snd support 

: ... ' 

ing, by a met: accident that she dis- 
.- here it might be found. 
"During an interval between the 
paroxysms of the lit- 

tle more than a j the first 

attack, .-. ited 

our place, and her Catholic B 
obtained our permission to take 
to the house ghbor where 

Mass was to be celebrated. 

She was deeply imprcs' 
what she saw, and the fervent address 
of that devoted and saintly p 



roe! Ske 

J from him a catec 
e books o 
time 1 1 ,i grew 

strengthened that here •■ 

balm her rd j 

much nci 

Uld many entreaties, we 

its bent 
ing pi of the Ca 

To 

: her 
very earthly 
been stricken, was made t". 
so happy and cheerful as to 
perpetual sunshine over her boot 
and its neighborhood. 

she drew us, at Set 
y, and at length 
ixideration of 
lie verities. Thruugh I 

operating upon these 
>ns, our whole fa:.: 
young, were soon united * 

four dear I 
onary was thus happi' 
pliihcd, she was .- tram 

home for whi .*d 

means of procuring auch 
blessings to that other and bea 
homo, ich nwy a* 

even be imagined he th fitt- 

ful hearts we have proved anil nut 
ucd tl ose whom Godwrd} 

s his bountiful hand also pro- 
vides great and abundant cornet* 
tions." 



Tkt Stories of Two Worlds. 



77', 



STORIES 01 TWO WORLDS: 



MIDDLF.MAKCH ANti FJ . 



ETWEEX the world of .!/ 
th and the world of ftcurangp 
I moral gulf as 

WD •-■-<-: i 

continents. The one is a world 

i God. the oihcr without It is 
that George Eliot's story par- 
rs of the characterictii ■ >•• 
illy attach to female novelists, 
i th' interpretations of 

Sixth and 

on the other hand, that /■'Sriirange 
i auy sense a go idy book. 

Iheamho 

:rcnt stand-points, all things natu- 
r wear a different aspect; their 
racters arc subject rent 

;r ; all liii 

; so that, though the sti 
i is humanity, its ero 
Is of sorrow and pain, rather than 
laughter and gladness; tho 

id women breathe the 
c air, nre warmed by the 

%, their hearts sore with human 
ours; nevertheless, through tithes 
k runs an abiding tone felt rather 
i heard, like an unseen odor pcr- 
ing the atmosphere, Sects 

reader differently throughout 
: characters in the one believe in, 
1 to, love, obey, or rebel against a 
1 "iod ; the presiding 
it in the other veils his face 
not for man to say who he is. 
! author only sees nan and wo- 
i gathered together in this world — 
', they know not ; why, it is dim- 
to conceive— and all wc know 
certain is that here i om- 

iu eontai t one with the < 



increasing, multiplying, and dropping 
out after each one has added his 
necessary mite to the immensity of 
the universe. 

There are booli 

h seem rather the production of 
an age than of any particular author; 

b seem to take a\ ither 

into one voice the ulate 

• for want of an oracle. 

Such in: . ; to 

the first French Re. i arc 

the songs of Ireland ; such, after a 
MffiUmarth, It 
life by the favorite 
doctrines ot i lets 

profess to sec thin;: i arc, and 

to judge of them purely and solely by 
what they see, explaining them 
best jr. To i uch 

people that often the the 

oce only, the the 

reality, is to speak to them a lan- 
guage they will not understand. 

Middle mart k is a story of Engl 
pro vi '.< ial 

the 
dawn, that is, pro 
of this wonderful .\i\th i 
before California and Australia had 
discovered their golden secret, when 
steam was still in its infancy, elec- 
tric telegraphs unknown, and the 
.i eS just .:. 10 take a 

holder Bight fn v Dgiai ■'■■ I I '-'on- 
nell was thunderi Catholic 

emancipation, and the nation clamor - 
Ibr that vague thing in the mouth 
of the masses — reform. 

Ji: rs n ere in this chrysa- 

lis state, whilst the masses ««^ «3J.\. 



The Stories of 1 rids. 



sturbed by the wonders of the 
cents the phrase is better, not 

educated up to them. ' 
settlesdown in that dull' .an 

e us 

"Tttnery oiitt life from yen !° »»'■" 

TI>c story covers very ext< 
groi 

with l| its 

chuTChei ts clergy and 

shop- 
keepers, its gentry an». 

. maiden* 

ill loves and its 
hate 

i oughts, words, 
m high to low — such is 
(he broad scope of the book, and the 
author has gathered ail ifl i:i .1 manner 
10 make the reader wonder. 
thing has c- 

us to have been living in 
■ ilemarch all his life, and c 
character comes and goes with the 
face of . Diane* It is 

not the audi irict 

be a narrow one — narrow, thai 

: ill- ill all 
that ennobles man. It is not her 
fault if its great ideas take the 
I all niythologi' 

: the 
n arc rch: 

phi- 
■■cs like Mr. Urooke, 
who " goes in" for ei , and 

idest and vaguest phi- 
lanthropy whilst he pinches his ten- 
ant--, it is not the author** fault if 
Ken n Middle- 

march; if honesty b mtsundentood 
or al mat: if thi 

discredit upon Lydgate 
with bit burning desire to 

nets, and his t<eii- 
uinc cut : his ideas 

quai cause they threaten 

1 pockets, as the yokels in turn 
louk upon the railway asdestruc: 



and hold that steam takes the hot 

from the plough aod the pitch- 

Do- 
iirooke's generous aspira; 
after a hi than that why 

nature. * What can I do e" an, 
my dear"— ■ 
as " «rcng is 

themselves, because no 

-ddleman 
in Miss Brooke are I which, 

tried a little farther, would end 
g sphere of action in tfce 

It in nt>: the author's 1 
this ! 

Middlemareh beyond the cocaom 
good, and very little eren . 

• all the rest is mean, sordid, 

d, narrow, and ouispoktalr 

.-march, sed 

such is it given IC e ash" 

• . II aw far does Mic&fie- 

march extend ? I» it restrict 

the English county, or is it a raiaa- 

ihe work! as seen 

by George- EJiol ? 

In the keynote to the whole boot 
the prelude, the author cries c* 
rly that in this wi 
there is no [ 
.1. In this assertion, 
. wail rather, the jt fart 

her «; 

doctrine meant to apply to the bratf 
Throughout the book 0* 
same thing is to be observed. Those* 
with wonderful ad fro* 

of loi isl rc- 

curren 

and local idc- uthor keef) 

the reader in Middlemareh km 

nng to end. nevertheless. 

icr with or without intention, 

from time to time she strikes ok 

with broad iierssr- 

her obj-. or her 

moral, such as it may be, 

of humanity. 



that Geoi 
of the world, its possibiti'. 
its all that mak« it what it is, 
nfine* rrow, 

cial <!istrit:t chOSCD H the 
t of her >■•■::> -, to till ge that 
nothing nobler mrw 
unity than what Middled 
- is the di 
ccd. so •■ 

tl into, not merely touched 
-religion, politics, the bettering 
i poor, marriage, preparation 
e married state, and the effect 

i meet, .Hid 
and combine to make 

tl it is — it is not Unfair to 

at the author, in drawing witb- 

DCwhat narrow circle the 

:ils which Compote hu- 

f, h>9 taken Middle-march up 

i basin of 

from the sea to examine it — 

r the • niple only, 

nil a ■■ iew to th< v. : 

• chief interest of the lb 

il can be called, lies in this: 

the outstart, the author warns 

I gc in 

I, to prove that 

anting is correct, she takes up 

iractcr, Dorothea Brooke, en- 

her with tl ma after ■ 

: is her naturally, a-; 
an, v iihysi- 

ld moral, which she i 

, ought to possess; with re- 
elings wuh the continual 
do good, with charity, with 
idi the ipirit of sell sacxi- 
. and truth, and 
unconsciousness of self, nth 
I enough even, as the author 
Mr. CatauboD, " to I 

her piety," nr.d sets her 
(lie narrow narch 

terecv ma groove, 

is measured by ail the pet- 



tinesses, to see what will become of 
her. 

The result may as well lie toW at 
once. s. Teresa proves a miserable 
failure iii Mtddtanafcb. Instead of 
marrying, as the world -th 

Cadwallader- 
she should do, the id, 

conventional English Sir 

James Chettara, a sort ofaristocn 
•• Mr. Toots," who ■ m 

and admires her that bo 

. lie: trill i the 

..•'Ions Ma pies 

as presc to 

all her ol 

desires In rv — out 

of a spirit ol like, 

and I ii, and he; 

she admires the man, ot rather the 

own 
imagination, she mania Mr. 
bon, with his sallow OOI ■ >, his 

moles, his hlM age. 

winch is more than double her own. 
Unsympathetic to the loving n itweoi 
the girl as :t wood. 

iilexiun h< 
tattered I 

standing the girl in i all the 

qualities an I inco 

Charming — a n that I 

aloue and that ugly thing, common 
sense. can remove — S.'l< dily 

leer," 

he fondly imagined : . r all 

only ■• a poor, creature," and she is 

■ ably nted from the dlVl 
ri only by the of 

the "divine Hooker." 9k dia 

: that the had i 
man — exactly what 
tuld her ; and tlicre lie* the provok- 
ing part of the story. Midi 
was right in its degree, and the wo;: 
whose ideas w above it, 

was all the worse off for Di 
in advice at the outstart. ! 
repents of her sia. and characieriatU 
cally BOH ; by marrying ^ 



7/3 



The Sicrits of Tuv Worlds. 



right man — .v ! >res 

and who km- uissed 

in the following remarks, which close 
the book: 

1 'ic-tcrminii 

of her life were nut ideally beau 
They were the ml- 
and noble in -:der 

prosaic i the many 

remarks passed on her mistake 
was never said in the neighborhood 
of 1 

coui • happened if the sc 

into tarn had not 

led on propositions of marriage 
to a girl less 
half his own age, on modes of e<. 

edge 

for motley ignorance. 

arc in flat 

con. idly 

asserted beliefs. While this is the 

social air in which mortals begin to 

breathe, there will lie collisions such 

as those in Dorotlic. . .ere 

i take the aspect 

rtor, ai d fjn U faith the aspect 

of >'■■ i re is do creature 

ward being is so strong that 

by what 

lies outside it. A new 1 1 

ily have the opportunity of re- 
ing a conventual life any n 
than a new Antigone will s|>end her 
heroic piety in ibnng all for the sake 
of a brother'* burial ; :. im in 

.ir ardent deeds look shape 
« for ever gone. But v. 1 1 :ant 

people, daily words and 

acts, are preparing the lives of many 
Dorotheas, some of which may pre- 
sent a far sadder sacrifice than 

bom story we know. 
•• iicr finely spirit had 

still its fine i were 

not widely visible. !(.-. roll nature, 
like thai i which Alexander 

broke lb :li, spent itseU 

channels which had no great name 
ou tiic e a the effect of her 



being on those around her was ia- 
calcu -lUOTflf, 

of the world is partly dependent 
lisioric acts; and thai 
are not so ill with 

0«IBJ 

to il ■ who lived liiikfuflr 

a hidden life, and rest in unvistftd 
tombs." 

Ge» 
to laugh at. Hcsides, s\>< 
tholic — re: I there- 

fore her views of what a 
or ought to be must be nuikaflr 

nt from tbov 
from 

ecsac 
Saint Tat - a Ca- 

ll par> 
lions of the extract quoted, be woakf 

revoke laughter; b 
author, the ca 

It never seen . urnd 

to her that S. . -t *ii- 

self-made prophets, 
self-made arx» ..iiher 

•■■ 
Jed them. The su[ 

not S mi hum - 

tity as th. i.een otha 

ami there might lie truth in Gi 

■ 
place foi 

are the very opposite to that 
class so glibiy dubb- 
men," who seem to coni 

■ ::l rather undefined reg* 
which goes by the nam 
!cst destiny." The individuals fer»| 

hat happy class arc eel 
niily by " Provi in tins wodi 

to a' ... Some d« 
ry laughed ax Ion/ 
Mr. Disraeli's wor: ckatst 

in ihc wor.U, •• YV 

.1.1 we call than 
What OS do they do very 



The Stories 



770 



Sanctity consists in not 

5 merely blameless in life, but in 

ting '.; id, and turning 

ight, void, on I action to 

sake. The feeli:; 
ices this state of life may be 

rroiiri'' ped by 

example i 

ndent of 
tity comes : ect call, as 

t as the call ol tin.- apostles. It 
'S Mil not ptaCCi and 

:rcforc as possible in the XlXtb 
With or the 1st century. 
mown outside of trie 
:b, because the head of the 
:h, "Christ Jesui our | 
the power to call ): 

tided state in this life 
if it be asked, Why, then, docs he 
all all i its here? it is as 

;h one asked, Why did 
ill men to be apostles dim 
torge Eliot's difficidl 
not knowing precisely what 
flutes 

she only reads the life of S, Tor- 
I] find thai the saint of her 
had to encounter a Mid- 
circle even in Catholic 
l. She v,: bar "young 

noble impulse struggling 
iic coi. : that ihe had to 

• runt of being misunder- 
landt. 
form, of gooil works, her noble 

and ardent self-j i 
own u ." in feet, the 

sition which meets her heroine 
rery step in her desire to do 
B perfect, not only to 
i!f but to i puny com- 

i with that -nil: a had 

stain all through her life, 
i a matter of fact. S. Teresa was 
- of the ordinary woman 

makes hi In her 

she was subject to all the or- 



dinary fancies of " the sex," and lias 

left us the record of 

which were neither more nor 

; ten thousand raj ex- 
living u neut, 
srho arc no more S. Ten 
they aic Astasias; but good Chris- 
en. girls v 
ire them, or so there of 
families. It 1 (let surround- 
ing* v.- in- saint : it 
was her clear eoj 
which no "i rosaic conditionB" c 
dim, and her profound ami very dc- 

i, not in i'. 
which ti ■ (he per* 

nit in Jesus Christ, her 
God. 

it was perfectly boi 

Gem fey ; 

but the mistake of ibi 
sists in making the EsSui 
without ratha than Emm within— a 
lerstood when it is 
borne in mind that ti' has 

no firm faith, possibly none at all, in 
Christi inity. Socrates, Plato, Aris- 
totle, all failed to make the world 
better, not bet sum they may not 
have had 

not the power. 1 are them- 

selves uncertain i» their schemes. 

il the 

scss no faith, never [kiss beyond in- 
tellectual ovoid of soul. 
The. but they 

man is di intel- 

lect So they fail, whilst the ignorant 

■ men, who lose their p 
in ( ".■ and convert the world. 

In taking issue on the - luml.v 
mental ]>oints with the author of 
AfidJUmnrih, many n. 
touched upon would require elabor- 
ate elucidation when i liosc 
who arc not of the Cath< 
Bui space does not allow of this, sod, 
the: 



The Stories of Tuo Worlds. 



this 

the i is fully aequau 

st least with the Catholic manner of 

:;:ig at things. 

:hca ISrooke fails in beconv 

die author seems 

to consider she should have become, 

Nfl she has lighted on evil 

. and on .1 lea congenial set 
than S. I, but because, in 

lOlic phrase, she had no vaca- 
tion. 

find out what is meant by ■ 
TOC ite, and tum 

a moment to Fleurange at that point 
iu the heroine's i' re. hav- 

ing • beforehand the bitter 

pleasures of sacrifice," she n 
heai to the convent where 

she (pent her youth, to find the rest 
and peace * banished 

from the ww) the voluntary 

sacrifice die I dfec- 

her arms folded, and listen* 

out •-1ms 

motionless in this place BVe- 

s of her 

. fif 

her robe clearly <; limt the 

bint- Wee and 

the '. 

easily have i iken for one 

of 1 h of that country which 

have been depii led for us tad all 
generations. The illusion would 

• been dispelled by the 
pect «f her who, seated on the low 

. of the terrace, was talking with 
her li an expres- 

sed attitude perfoctly adapted 
U one Ol those young saints often 
• 1 by the inspired artist be- 
fore majestic (tarn 
M 11 of God. 
••• \\< It, my deu mother, what do 
Fletmmge, after 
waiting a long time, and seeing the 
Madre looking at her and g> 



g her head without any 1 

•"Before a- . te 

she at last, 'let me ask this canv] 
tion: Do you think it nl'-owableM 
consecrate one's self to God in tktj 
rcligi 

■ 
tion is ?' said she very sir 

"Flcurangc he I too 

I knew, but you ask in such a 
as to tnali fa no 

•■ ; I am rout a 1 

iii the Madre, as her 
lit up with an 1 
had never seen before — 
to the religious life 
more than we love any cr 

unabli inyj 

that ; to iv dl 1 

line us t 
alone; finally,' pursued 
her eyes s ^ beyond 1 

as on which they 

even in this li ie is «//, 

all, in tin and j 

future ; in this world ami 

'■> the excli 
of ev 

The carrj 
made Teresa a saint. It is doca* 
ful wh 

mto Gcor. 1 
of the :jisalf 

«■*■ 
ile in the! 
Dorothea Broo: ill her a* 4 

tural goodn S ss*ci 

ile. The audnr 
iier de- 
1 cducauc*, 

but that does not warrant 
encc that anything high 
life which merely aims at an uncer- 
tain good, of influencing 
those coming wri e in * 



The Stories of 1 !tls. 



lin way, is impotable in these 
i. When the buI peaks of 

aspect Oi 

• lore colli 

. Brooke never knew what real 
t was; from beginning to end, 
is ui with her. From 

ioo<l up she h\es in mi atmos- 
e of self-delusion and imagina- 
which can find no other p 

t than aimless aspirations 
r imaginary perfection, which 
t come i the 

;h, | world, ami most 

ill. Bui when the 
:es a man or a woman ai 
dily up to a practical I 
:h guides them in al (ion*, 

is every contingency, how- 
id every calamity, 
ever j:re^t. il not fall in 

folio*, it will at least respect it 

that there is &;.■■ 
g m it 

; may sound "a hard saying." 
practically there is no such 
g as " ideal beaut; "; ami tl 

.-.: George Eliot, strive 
i the great good, pursue a phan- 
, :i nothing, an emanation of 
r own imagination, and, like the 
i," waste 
r life longings, and 

n death COIUeS — 

"All 
I it encc, nben torn* vnrfu 

UI ii.Mi.nl ,c ; 
I Wltf 1 ilod nnf t>ti« nor croiBC, 

|1Mlt1l"T lumidl ct l cllng-lnj hope, 

«te drii-.it »n.1 <oM UMaulUlly/ 1 

ersons of an undefined I 
icn particularly, are very i 
. tu tv 

lo re- 
prosaic conditions"; and 
to regulate their actioos by 
i issue in absurdi- 
or less 
n. It would be well tor 
rats to r> ; after 



all has a considei -of 

in his composition, w 
explain n but 

necessary "pi and 

until the Daman I ncs to be 

fed on " viil." 

uc to count upon and acconnnc. 
itself to a VBSt anioiint of flcsh-and- 
■ d reality. And a beauty, far 
:r than any ideal beauty, is 
. the cvcil aggie be- 

tween spirit and i l . :re was no 

ideal in the death upon the cross, 
the consummation of Christian sacri- 
fice. All was terribly km I there, and 
flesh suffered as well M ttriod while 
a flutter of the spirit remained 
Merc lies something greater than 

any ideal — the spirit bracing the 

Dt*j 

enabling it to bear all things, not 

> blind destiny or care- 
less power, but a enl from 
heaven to lead to heaven and pre- 
pare fur heaven. 
That is the I iddlc- 
bi I - , has all the " prosaic con- 
ns " ami nothing else. It wants 
null.. vcly revels in 
liiuni. And when anything higher 
conies to il i as 
"nor religion, ox M q« 

ioe, "or ••"• ' of 

the little traffic by the big in rail- 
roads. 

Into prosaic conditi 

and Burroundk 

■ : ir to lhal 
Dorothea, as far as a man can be 

that liis religion Consists 111 

a, them 
piradon after the gloiy ol u hhtve- 

it, aided by all natural | 
and strc:i j what have been 

well called the "pagan virtues." 

;. Lydgate, the ) 

I stranger I cinarch. 

who is possessed by the 6N 



-'- 



The Stc Ids. 



II young src>K:ir.n of 
edtxatioe ktiddlemarch up to a lofty 
standard, sad using it as a lever to 
more a slow world. Though per- 
haps as well fitted as man — consider- 
ed merely as an intellectual ' f^rr ^ l 
endowed w-.ih Christian i ws t i nctt, 
moved by a generous if somewh a t 
imp e tu o us nature, and void of the 
vices — could be for that purpose, the 
result in his case is the same I 
that of Dorothea. Instead o: 
mg Mtddlcnurch np to the levd of 
Ins ideal, be finds bimadf dragged 
down to it ; and, strangely and per- 
haps traihruby enaofh, be finds, in 
common with Dorothea, that the 
Terr being to whom he linked his 
life is the stnmbEng-block in the 
way of bis achievement. Dorothea 
receives a fatal jar to ber imaginings 
ia the person of the husband she 
adored by anticipation. Lydgate 
finds his nature crashed and resisted 
at all points by the pa s sit e resis- 
tance of his wife. The woman is 
mercifully relieved from ber incubus 
by death ; the strong man gives way 
before his " so charming wife, arild 
ia ber temper, iancxi pl e in her judg- 
ment, dis po sed to admonish her bos- 
band, and able to frustrate him by 
stratagem." 

"Lydgate's hair never became 
whi;e. He (bed when be was only 
fifty, leaving his wife and children 
provided for by a heavy insurance 
on his hie. He had gained an excel- 
lent practice, . . . having written a 
treatise on gout — a disease which 
has a good deal of wealth on its 
side. His skill was relied on by 
many paying patients, bat he always 
regarded himself as a failure: he had 
not done what he once meant to 
da As the years went on, be op- 
posed his wife less and less, whence 
Rosamond concluded that he had 
learnt the value of ber opinion. In 
, LydfUC was what is called a 



successful man. But he died 
phtberia. He 
called his wife his basil-plant, 
when she asked for an expl 
said that teul tuos a flint wkkk 
fteurished Kmietftdiy en a mri 
mam's bra: 

Such is the end of the nataraBf 
noble man who purrics fan Ko» 
mom! nurca,' 

This fait Rosainon r but> 

rical namesake, lives in a crooks! 
labyrinth of devious 
fcltefs her knight, her 
would ram nquer kiar 

doms, and. if need be. i 
him. But her kit 
by her own narrow domain, and 
carries him on from lab;. 

be is lost and reaps 
himself to his fate. 

When the lady who i 
assume the name of Gear. 

Harried the English rradtai 
world, there was great 
the sex of the new author, 
ail such doubt, if any 
would be set at re. 
portrait of Rosam: 
man could ever have ex 
No man could ever have go- 
into the very fibres of a womBi 
nature, and drawn them all 
by one. and laid them bare beta 
us, to show «. . -tkit 

best marble of which goddesw 
are made." If Dorothea, r. 
suong touch of Calvinism 
her noble nature astray, pro* • 
ure, what shall be si 
er of Mrs. Lemon's school, the chid 
school in the county, who 
teaching included all that a 
manded in the accomplished female— 
i extras, such as the g-.: 
ml of the carriage " ? 

Rosamond Yincy is, perhaps, the 
most finished portr.i esenttri 

of the intelligent animal o! 
male sex; clever enough to despot 



The Stories of Tw Wirlis. 



.•march, not because it is low, 
ean. and sordid, but because 
oo narrow and unworthy to 

fair and accompli>hed a 
en of humanity as Rosamond 

All young Middlemarch 
its heart about her. She re- 
quietly and persistently, wins 
e in spite of himself, not be- 
he is Lydgate, the generous, 
high-souled young man, but 
e he brings wiih him the 
here of an outer world, with 
of great relations, a disrin- 

1 person, and an unconscious 
uperiority which Middlemarch 

offer. The result of the 
g of two such natures may be 
ed. George Eliot's version of 
jrribly real and miserably r.a- 
and perhaps the most power- 
t of the book is the struggle 
on between the generous na- 
the man and the demon of 
am ate in the perfect form and 
tow but acute intellect of the 
, who is so supremely selfish 
le is absolutely unconscious 
selfishness, and therefore in- 
•. " Lydgate," after vainly en- 
ing to break down this bar- 
ich lay between them, invisible 
eyes of her who raised it, 
iccepted his narrowed lot with 
•signation. He had chosen 
igile creature, and had taken 
den of her life upon his arms, 
ist walk as he could, carrying 
irden pitifully." 

she, his '• bird-of-paradise," 
nee called his "basil-plant," 
:he man whose life had been 
her died, " married an elder- 
wealthy physician, who took 
to her four children. She 
a very pretty show with her 
ers, driving out in her car- 
ind often spoke of her happi- 
' a reward ' — she did not say 
at, but probably she meant 



that i: was s reward ix {£ tsa-srs 
with Teraas. wbrse t=n.:ter nr-r- ie- 
came faultless, sad :.- -.:■: _jc :cai- 
siosaSr jet sl_r a r~ir f :>?rr.r wilts 
was more maKeaine z:.-~z. ::a s-^x* 
he made of hs ispctaast, J.:s:- 
mond had s placid :>iz sr-:i:.r aeswa: 
to soch speeches : "iV: -i . :;.-;.. :A - n; 
chosen ber? It was z ;.-,n in ha a 
not had Mrs. Lad:slz« — I ':r;.:nei — 
whom he was always jrxaaiij and 
placing above her." 

With regret lbs exa=..n:; :ir ur: 
this wonderfs! to:*. :c v :.•: i inns 
of the salient charartrrs car hi-* 
been touched njoc. taasr jew ci.-s«t 
The story aboacis :a eerier : rurtr- 
ters, each perfect ia :z< war. a* tar a* 
drawing and eaecct^.-c g:. I: ixaa 
quite a sta jy ia rcrs.-'2s a* .: r-'.Tt- 
cians; and those who raarri wtt 
the author of Jfr Cj-xa.' /"arte. 
most feel sore aggr:rve:. a: srs 
clerical friends of Ge:rre Eii:c 
There is r.ot a fnetSb c'r-ararxr 
among them ; net a sir.g e der-tce-d 
man whose heart is gives w'r.tCy ::• 
God, and whose xcind is bert so«s> 
on doing God's week foe G>T* sake. 
■ The Middlemarch r.arsc-ns are a rjr- 
row set of mea of ssie£zei beiet 
and cramped charity: tier bcLs? 
being measured by their salary. ac«d 
their charity begutr.irg ar.d otter. 
ending at home w::a their w:ve» 
and families. The or.'y ar-eea:"e 
characters amor.g them as raer. are 
Mr. Cadwal!ader and Mr. Fzreir> 
ther. Tlie first of these is a - good, 
easy man," whose Gospel is as 
elastic as his fishing-rod. c: whex 
the author says, *■ Hiscoascier.ee was 
large and easy like the rest c: hits : 
it did only what it could ■ ::>.?_t any 
trouble." and whom his wife char- 
acteristically hits off in the sentence 
that, " as long as the fish rise to his 
bait, everybody is what he ought to 
be " ; whilst she complains : - He will 
even speak well of the bishop, though 



7- ; 4 



> of T: 




I tell him it is unnatural in a be 
it can otic 
tends so I 

to '. ' The other, Mr. 

anil really a man of 
a noble nature ; yet hi9 poverty 
. v»nist for money 
and cvr: 

nU at the Green He 

Wads us to infer that he knows i'.e 
has assumed the wrong profe- 
but too late to | 

The only man who really possesses 

-;ioo 
I 
er, of irli 

whose death is so powerfully i 
says : 

"What's he? He's got no land 
hereabout that ever I heard tell 
of. fellow ! He may 

come down i.: icu the d 

leaves off backing him. And t] 
what 

God A'niigh: 

nonsense! "J here"* one thing 
when I a 
to go to church, and it's this : God- 
A*l!: id. lie 

A he gives bud, 
and he makes civ rorn 

and cattle." That sounds very like 
the religion of Tel Northern 

Parmer of the new style. As a 
:ct, oM Fearherstone 
turns out to be right Bulstrod 

. : c. His life and his fortune 
• been built upon hypocrisy, lie 
is rich on money that docs not be- 
long to hi 1 wealth ill goi 
he strives to silence his conscience 
by a life of external lion 
by works set on foot for the 
improvement of the poor and carried 

::hcr than 
lose respectal 

: goodness, he muidctl an old 
lesatej that is, he consciously 






r warned bus 

and 1. 

tt tame i 
to the form tiuv. 

ditroi- ihoqth 

she is the :ck, M 

one who '"set a bail cxaorpic— 

-.-nan, ss4 

pitiable object aaotf 

I to get m 

■ ■ rati: 
also Ladtdaw, Ir. ftroote, 
who takes him up and trand 
to the Fienttr, chat 

I of Shelley, you kuo-» . 
he (Mr. Urooke) may be a 
on the right tack ; who 
of put 

of thing oke wants— | 

" not ideas, you kn . ««? sf I 

but bric-a-brac."' He is ; 
mater 

■ ', 
of Boli 

It i also to i 

■ .-ink 6* | 
; thriftlci* Fred. \ 

only saved ftoin taking to that 1st; 
resort of an ignoble minr 

'—by honest G :h and.! 

his merry, tnichearle 
Mary, who 

best and jol e hook, 

whose plain, won- »lt 

nion sense, pUin and u i 
■ 

animalism of Romi— » 
Vincy and the va- 
of Dorothea. What could be 
than this by way of preparation fcr 
old Fcathcrstonc's decease ? — 

"'Oh I i >tbisfi 

hand- lierc's last illness 

and a God knows, / doa't 

;c them [the relatives on the 




The Stories of Two Worlds. 



;85 



ry ham in the house — 

//.• Hit /km 

me stuffed veal always, and 
eesc in cut, Ybfl must e*> 

ccp opi in these 

■es,' said liberal Mn. A 

lure of one of 

rite characters? — 
n shook his 
Dedication 00 the value, the 
ble might, of thai mi 

■banded labor by 

social body is fed, cloth- 

osed, i- bad laid hold of 

n in boyhood. Th« 

il bamroei w h 

eel were a- making, the 

of the workmen, the roar 

c, the thunder and 

he engine, were a sublime 

telling and lading 

• trunk til 

ill the distance tl 

ay, the crane at work on 

• in 

;rie- 

icular effort whoever exact 

o be turned out — all these 

uth li id toted on him 

without the aid of poets, 

for him uiih- 

: religion 

I lis 

tion had been to have as 

si i • in this 

bor as peculiarly 

him with the name of 

notwithstanding its wit 

id fund of worldly wis- 

at almost with a sense 

from i! -.-aliening 

irch world to the world 

a , i msidcrcd 

a story, (or unity of 

rapidity of action, FUu- 

to our thinking, far more 

t! A 

who hi .; ted 

an convent finds herself soon 

VOL. xvii. — 50 



after leaving it thrown almost entire- 
upon the world by the death of 
her father, an artist, to fight the bat- 
tle uf life single-handed. •• Yir.ir.g. 
beautiful, poor, and alone In i 
what will become of her ?" I 
question the book opens, and, ind 
the whole story is plainly evolved 
from this idea. Instead of wasting 
her efforts on an impossible S. Tere- 
sa, M ran takes up the pn 
tical com <>f B young ami religious 
girl, who ing and education, 
whatever they may have amounted 
to in tiic point of accompli 
were built upon religion, not a vague 
unreality, hut a religion which in the 
plain da taught her to kneel 
m and pray, not to u the perfect 

t," ns did Dorothea, but to God, 

Christ— a being, it may 

here he mentioned, who fully 

in MiddUmarth. The 

let need not inl this inner 

"f the hi ted upon 

severely, and that he alw.. 
Mcurangc upon ha knees. Nothing 
of the sort. You only feci uncon- 
sciously, by little loaches here 
there, by the tone of the win 
that the girl lives up to th 
col I talent of what she was 

lit in the convent by Hadre 
Maddalena: that ■. re- 

1 as . 
her only guide an 
dan.: 

aside with her kadmg-striri 
that it is this and this alone which 

in the midst ol 
Buffering, and save* her from sinking 
undi 

Fleurange goes first to her 1 

many* Their loss of 
I her out again from 

1 into the service of a 
princess, where she is surrounded 
and flattered by all that the n 
considers witty, brave, brill 
captivating. Her singul.it 



786 



The Storirs of Two Worlds. 



and innate nobility enable her to 
grace t] station to which 

the Princess I ijinj her. 

Here, in Florence, in the very house- 
hold of his mother, she encounter] 
for the time Count George 

de .1 handsome and highly 

accomp' mg gentleman, the 

adoration c: her and possi- 

bly of himstlf, « i ring 

around Europe, "seeing life." He 
mc: cfore in her fathers 

studio as she sat for a picture of 
- < < >r course, he fell in 

love with her, as .vuch young gentle- 
men heavy on 
their hands. Father and dan, 
•disappeate:]. He retained the 
ture. but what he wanted was the 
■original; and here, ai". igOfl 
the memory of his anil e for 
car or so. he finds her act 
is mother's 'in.' 
bold, l viiat a ; 
would t nt situa- 
tion," particular!/ as the princess 
■suspects nothing of what is passing 
under her eyes. As a. matter of 
course, they fall in love, and, equally 
as a matter of course, 
to make ft known. And 
for Flcurangc. 
I: a net that she is dazzled with 
it with what she con- 
perfect raai .! indeed, 
:!ie eyes of the world, Count 
■George is n perfect man, 

other, he is somc- 

:; still more: ami therefore a toe's- 

voidd to her, whose heart 

—all the rest.of 

her rided between tlw itio- 

n, and the nrfwi 

seem a greater crime th3n many of 

men to the scaf- 

l-'leurange knows this, and 

reforc— though, when t 

i >n is forced from her, she does 

deny her love 

for George and her desire, vo \at V5& 



wife — she is eonvine.-d that 

'no I 
Iwxt thing under the circon 
she determines to leave 
hold of the princess; and 
for the first lime, do the pron 

■'■■; of what one ou 
what God would hare • 
spond with those of common | 
i ^e has avowed 
inge to his mother, . 
confession has such an effect apcr 
her that she is cured for die ta 

an attack of one of 
incut .dies no! 

with ladies who arc I 
thing that this worl 
There is taste even in 
fashion in 

net. Thus, when some year* 
the eye-glass became a fasias 
ornament, all young England, I 
ionable and would-be fashn 
suddenly grew weak 
whilst the "sons of indu 
mained in their normal c 

ri<cs to the 
cf the situation, and est: 
be from her son that he »tQ i 
Flcurangc without btt i 
sent. But all her difi 
smoothed away by Flcurange i 
self, who, even though 

iked her to be his wife. I 
mines to sacrifice herscli I 
and go. 

'• • Flcurangc,' said tlie cnot,* 
a grave ao 

dangerous than that 
'you shall be my wife 
:it to be — if 
and I offer you.' 
• ' With your mother's 
Flcurangc sli 
low tone. 'Can you as 
that ?' 
■ ' 
George replied 
but ! her con 

you.' 



The Stories of Two Worlds. 



787 



nge hesitated in her turn. 
w only too well to what .1 
his hope was illusory, hut 
her last opportunity of con- 
with him. The next day 
arumence their lifelong scp- 
which time, distance, and 
d absence would continual- 
There was no longer any 

in telling the truth— the 
is! 40 devoid of importance 
. which would, -. sc- 

Kuty she had to accomplish 
U as contradiction. 
! well,' she at last re; 
plicily. ' Yes, why it 
t ? Should life prove a 
to us; if by si seen 

incc, impossible to conceive, 
thcr should chcerfuily 1 on 
receive me .is a daughter, 
1 what an answer I would 
iu know without my telling 
>u are likewise perfectly 
at until that day I will never 
you.' 
that day will come.' cried 
vehemently, that 

haps' range. 'Who 

lat time has in store for us ? 
j knows that in time the ob- 
ly not come from yourself?' 
leavorcd to say thi 

ercd before she suddenly 

but the shade of the large 

that bordered the road 

from seeing the 

dated her face." . 

hey part, under the cyprcss- 

gc thinks she is only Icav- 

!»ort time, to return . 

back to the convent, 10 

her broken heart and the 

: own strong will has bligiit- 

ronvents are not limit on 

•carts; and Madrc Ma 

none the tea gifted with 

and worldly prudence 



for leading a retired and saintly life, 
sends her back into the world '• to 
continue the contest," for the reasons 
ly given, with these woi 

" O my poor child ! it would be 
much easier for me to tell yon to re- 
main and never leave . It 
would be sweeter for me to preserve 
you thus from all the sufferings that 
yet await you. But, beheve me, the 
day will com;- >a will rejoice 
you were not spared these sufferings ; 
and you will acknowledge that she 
is now speaking to you knew 
von better than you knew yourself." 

Fleurange goe* back to the world, 
to her uncle's family, which i.i gradu- 
recovering its fall through the 
efforts of Clement, her cousin, who 
was the first to welcome her among 
I 1. Notwi ig her suffer- 

the carries on nil the duties of 
life iikc 1 in woman, without 

despondency as though dod were 
blotted out of the world, and equal- 
ly without that ! tentatiofl 
of gaiety sometimes assumed, 
never thought with Dorothea 

she had suffered "all the troubles of 
all the people on the face of Ihe 
earth." The hour never came to 

which the waves of suffering 
shook her too thoroughly to 1 

1'owerof thought"; not that she 
suffered or loved leas than Dorotl 
but bee. v through all 

something higher than human lurl 
ing and more lovely than human 
That pagan hour never enmc 
to her, when Dorothea sated 

what the i eyes of 

have ID for ages i:i 1 

ual struggles en "she 

besought hardness, and coldness, 
and aching weariness to bring her 
. from the 

nor did "she 
i let then: 

her 
grand woman's frame w*& ■ftvj!«.«fc'\yj 



-.-:.-; 



The Stories of Two Worlds. 



sob ■ had been ad 

child." 1 

ted toward the fer/ect 
■'./. that it might make a throne 
i rule her errant wrong." 
yearned or not, she 
knew what was right and ■.. 
wrong, snd, by praying to Go* I 
help aud strength, she did right. If 
men in love stop to ask them- 
es what is the " perfect tight," in 
nine cases out of ten in love matters 
the | ight will be the absolute 

wrong. Right is fixed ; there is a 
law in those things, as in all qoesti 
of the soul, not evolved out of the 
it out of the 
heart of Christian . which is 

in Christ. Duty docs not depend on 
feeling " the largeness of the world," 
on being " a par: of that involun- 
tary, pal] do being a 
ere.-- od George I' 
to pa .'.:.« toi, ..-.-', tpite of herself, 
ristian instinct only j>romj>ts her 
heroine to If we 
aic " a i tat involuntaiy and 
palpitating life," and nothing m 
there is no ntcamy reason for 
charity. 

The difference between Dorothea 
Ftcorangx ich, 

allowing for si of dime, 

are naturally similar, < all 

the sufferings of the one beating the 
aspect of self-torture, whilst those of 
the other arc a sacrifice. The sor- 
rows of Flcurangc, which, after all, 
are much than those of 

Dorothea, arc endured for God's 
sake and as coming from God. They 
are not a whit less painful to nature 

on this account j but they ore expli- 
cable) ami have a meaning which 
Dorothea never seems to realize. 
Or.c suffers because she cannot help 
.lie other because it is God's 
will. On George Eliot's prim 
th ore is no guarantee for a person 
doing right at all, inasmuch as it is 



so very difficult to dctct; 

If right be "a part 
notary and 
it has no meaning beyond what a 
contained in the word at 
is to say, right and wrong ar 
of circumstance. Nor u 
a meaning, as may be seen tros 
various passages in the book — utJea, 
indeed, we have read them very 
,iy. Thus, she speak, 
slrugglii.. rrjvrjaf 

vhich will onc 

ring the h 
its final pause." She sneer* 
the divine 
with perfci i says: 

neighbor to expect the utmo 
however little he may ba 

Any am 
ting keenly the stealthy coo ver- 
ts sees 
ration of i 
on another, which U a cal» 

latest 

frozen stare with which we I 
our umntroduced neighbor. ; 

jmitit 
Jed in her hand." 

-. and tan 

by one of the Greek poets. 
beautifully pagan ; but, after 
man life is regulated in ma 
woman by a w ill that is free to car 
or re; slow preparation d 

i laugh at the p'.i 
destiny ; and when it pleases I 
bring this lesser life of li 
fin.il pause," man goes bei 

tor to give an account of lo* 
servitude indeed, but not of his slw- 
ery. 

Fleurangc writes from the codkH 
to the princess, 
ranged the plot which was : 
George to her final departure, imI 
this is how the princess i 
letter of the girl who had so fredj 



op her heat: on the altar of 

The princess knew of the 

r. It is doubtful whether 

ond Vmry ever displayed hei 

cious jclfr! thoroughly 

e Princess Catherine, in an 
morning ntglitf, was alone 
ic Marquis Adeiudl in her 
when a letter was 
t her on a silver salver. She 
I at the address. 

:. :.ra Gabrielle ' [Fleu- 
she exclaimed. * The wiy 
was expecting to-day.' 
t opened it and hastily ran over 
rtents. ' Very well done — 
he said. 'Nothing could be 
atural. She hit upon the 
ing to say. . . . Here, Ad?- 
continued she, throwing him 
.-r, 'rend it. It must bed 
lis Gabrielle is reliable and 
i her word. Moreover, she 
r,ood deal of wit.' 
ielardi attentively read the 

'hat you have just remarked, 
s, is very true; but this time 
itanccs have favored you. 
iter was not written for the 
n ; it is sincere from beginning 
is young sirl can keep a 
but is incapable of prcs 
This is not the kind of a letter 
uld have written if the con- 
ere not absolutely true." 
o you think so ?' said the 
s. " It is of no const.-. p.; 
:r, as to that, though it would 
' everything still more. But 

case — ah I eitl! let me look 
ettcr again.' 
• now read it entirely through, 

<>l merely glancing at the 
s. 

ut in that case, I have lost my 
in, and the only one who 
»ood my case. This, /(fo- 
rtune. If he 



had had time, at least, to answer my 
last letter, and tell me what 'prints 
I should go to this year' Whom 

I consult now ? May is nearly 
gone, and next month 1 ought to be 
there. Really, I am unlucky!' 

" ' What do you expect, prince:: 
said the marquis, in a tone imper- 
ceptibly ironical. 'One cannot al- 
ways have good luck.' " 

In the quiet of her German re- 
treat, T'lcurange suddenly receives 
the news that an insurrection has 
broken out in Russia, in which 
George is implicated. He is taken 
prisoner, and only awaits in St. Pe- 
tersburg the sentence which is to 

ii him to that living tomb, Si- 
beria. Fleuranj;e now sees the Op- 
portunity of uniting herself to her 
lover by burying herself with him. 
As his hopes in this world arc for 
ever I lie obtains the consent 

of the princess to their union, and 
sets out for St. Petersburg under 
the guidance of her young cou lb] 
Clement, who knows the object <>t 
her mission. This journey and [ft 
results complete the fourth book, en- 
titled "The Immolation," and in it 
the author rises to a height Of power 
in pathos, description, and incident 
which is all the more telling H 

ia altoget" pected: The 

long ride along the dreary tr.uui 
through the day and through the 
night; the crossing of the fro/n river 
in the darkness, with the ice crack- 
ing ominously beneath them; the 
scene where Clement and Flcurangc 
are left alone in the hex of eternity 
and immediate death, and where, I'nr 
the first and last time, when hope of 
fife seems banished, the confession 
of his love bursts out of his young 
heart to the half-conscious girl ; the 
last struggle to carry her safe through 
on her. ra to 

the man she loves — all told in the 
same simyW, uv.\>te.\«i.V\»\tt fefUtiXrtfe 



790 



Tlu Stories of Two Worlds 



with an inner force that cirries the 
reader along, and absorbs him as 
though he were witnessing a tragedy. 
The unetl to the close 

of the story. Amid all the fascina- 
tion, and glitter, and glare of the 
perial court of the Czar, when the 
late i Nicholas was in his 

• ddea prime," creeps the oppres- 
sive sense of a mute bat awful tenor* 
ism through an atmosphere of com- 
bustible human passion all the more 
dangerous for being so constrained. 
The inge is about 

to be li-.it, as it passes 

through the 1.. . era, a favorite 

maid of the empress, it is represented 
as mining from her, between whom 
I George a sort of betrothal had 
taken place, and who is in love 
His sentence, through tl 
suumentality of I 

muted to pardon that 

lie should pasa four years on his es- 
tates in Livonia, and that he marry 
Vera before setting out. George is 
igOOl : rival of Fleurangc, 

;cr petition ire to bury 

herself alive with him [a 
Vera sees I. and imp] 

her to save him by the still greater 

lice of renouncing him for ever. 

range goes back a,; 
word. The man tor wham she made 
so many tacrificea was utterly un- 
worthy of her, and congratulates 
that he escaped committing 
the foolishness of marrying her, 
though really in luve with her for a 
tane. The selfishness of the mother 
comes out in the son. As Fleurangc 
and her > D homewards, they 

meet the bridal party leaving the 
chuiek Once more she seeks to 
bury herself in the convent, and once 
more Madre Maddalcna warns her 
back. She tells her that, at her first 
visit, her sufferings appeared as the 
expiation of an idolatry the ex: 
of which she did not realize; but 



that something more v, 
the shattering of the 

i seemed to in 
very breaking of her c • 

The 
brings a blank despair; 
she marries Ladidaw, an 
sumably 

less she felt " that 
something better v I 
have dono, if she had only 
ter and known better. 

ring of Fleurangc's 
peat 

Qt heroism that had slot 
side all through, ami for 
of hers suffered a thousand 

unt of 1 
this story thai 
it b i !. Clem 

flic background through rn 
action. > .now that 

Fleurangc, and, prominen 

of i - overreaches 

the quiet that becomes a 
At last her eyes are opened, 
sees, no longct Clemen 
er," but Clem man 

loved her all the while. 1 
ncss of their Up- 

first coum Unost nei 

bring out this part of tfi 
ost continual ink; 
their first seeing each other 
the idea ever occurring 
that her cousi ns a 

to her up to the age of 
might possibly fall in love 
It >s no -ment to 

ie prohibited degre 
ti]>on such an incident once 

!c as it is DO 
form the Catholic reader oi 
or she will know before): 
the dispensation of the 
necessary to the contn 
marriage. 

The book, which has o 
touched upon in its K 



Tht Stories of T-WP Worlds. 



701 



afford an excellent foil in 
reh in many ways. The 
perhaps the \cry tiile in- 
cvotcs itself chiefly to the 
middit class. J-'lew. 
11 glimpses of Gc: 
lun life with what, from In- 

dence. night be judge* 
ry true picture of ttie I 
urt and social atmosphere, 
c arc plenty of titled 
a i i once to 

Icing like a rational 
not alwaj her 

as '• iui:iion," her l)\itler as 
and terrifying the earv 
e groundlings by the splen- 
p tragedy rhetoric, 
7 of her equipages, or the 
aons of her diamond*. Her 
count, does not, as do 
as in the titled novel, divide 
between the stable and the 
m. The marquis is not " a 
the deepest dye," whether 
or artificial. Though an 

i ; lie employs 

i ■ trie il 

ie shape of a milliner, to 

V < Virtue in 

It. In lact, all t 

• very unlike to 

accustomed to find within 

lity almost necess 
in thi ial atraospl 

for « time, 
•s strikingly brought out 
ram 
reels, as it were, and flung 
nftcr the manner of the 
■hin/i. The test) I 
Uornthall's wicked III 
i« less unpresaTe becj 
yiog in the hospital ward, 
stands by his bedside and 

,D as the ill-spenl 
out in the darkness, It is 
to human feeling* to see 



Fleurange in her hitter hours kneel 
down and pray for help to a I 
she believes can help her. If life is 
not all " beer and skittles," neither is 
it all a continual mi da bitter 

' trial. If we cannot h.v. I per- 

il nay be ■ consolation m 

some to feel assured that we can 
do very well without it. and that 
there is something in the striving 
after real perfection worthy of human 
endeavor. To George Eliot, the 

world was born y only 

v with her growing faculties. 
Chriui tuitj has practically gone by. 
and this is not the age for its heroes 
The sham 

: of it only remain. As Ion | 
the sham and the cant prodtti e such 
characters as Madrc Maddal 
Fleurange, Dr.' I.cblanr, and Cle- 

ment, we shall welcome the 
the i reference to the reality 

which can only give us Dorothea 
ami Lydgate 

the perfection of man- 
hood and womanhood n » expect 
to come to nowadays. V* 

miring the wit, and the worldly wis- 
dom, and that DOWCI which only 

ripened genius can giveof :..■■ 
best thing in the best way which 
MitUk ''••■■' '•"■''■! displays tl 
confess to a little heaxtskknesa at see- 
ing all the nature • 
going out over Rosamond Vil 

Fleurange is certainly a relief after 
the unnatural atmosphere oi 
nut nit, where all i la 
cold, hard, and brilliant, i 
the story is \. 

rcspei I bei BOt a whit less of earth 
than the other, it suffers tlothtu 
an occasional glimpse of heaa 

i humanity likes a little I 
particularly when u has iund 

title to hope. Then two authors 
dm it as a hospital ; the one 
surgeon-like, knife in hand, cutting 
and Lopping v\\t attest WiA w».v&\\- 



Grafts and Thorns. 



If limbs mitfa bright, keen weapon 
and merciless precision, leaving the 
dead 10 bury their dead ; the other, 
like a sitter of charily, to bandage 
the wuutid, and comfort the tick, and 
pray by the dying. How difiY 
ti the tame scene to the eyes of each. 



and how dificrent ts each 
eyes of the sick patients! 
they admire the skill of the o 
shudder and tarn instinctivei 
her: on the other m ca uiiia g 
are In trembled hearts 

mur, " God bless you P 



GRAPES AND 1 



CIMPTKR IV. 
AM IKCH OF FR 



Mr 5c B&xreom had been in such 
haste to keep his engagement the 
evening before that he had made the 
rehearsal a sb< id the cor 

ny did not remain long after he went. 
I not seem to 
lliem quite so gay isant as 

usual. Certainly no one objected 
much to their going. The only re- 
monstrance was that uttered by 
nettc, when Lawrence Gerald took 
his hat to follow the last victor. 

;ire you going, too?" she 

cxrl.iiino She was 

learning not to reproach him for 

. but it was impossible to 

conceal her disappointment 

He showed i .nee. On 

the i his voice was quiet and 

even kind when he answered her. 

•• You cannot think it would be 
very pleasant for ine to stay this 
evening," he said. •■ l man ti> wipe 
away some disagreeable impres. 
before I come again. Besides, I 
must finish my afternoon's writing 
to-ni, 

She had to own th.it be might 
well shrink from meeting her mother 
agai: -n, particularly as the 

lady did not seem to have recovered 
her good-humor. In tact, wYivVc &ej 



were standing together near ttw 
scrvatory, she crossed the franl 
from one room to another, and 
a watchful glance back at them 
she would have liked to come 
but I • > do so. 

At sight of her, they turned 
and went out through tlie 
door a: the rem of the lot 
came roui 

going through it. Thin 
extensive, occupying ne. I 
two acres of land, and w as surr 
a Sow stone wall oven 
me places with 

: ibs or trees, 
was so well governed that hig 

not necessary to 
gardens, especially when peop 
so well known to be pert' 
and able to protec 
the Ferriers. A few 
pics. -riled 

at the beginning of their re 
piled transgressors 
wholesome awe of them at 
premises. Not a flower was 
not a cherry nor a pi 
from their trees, r 

e grounds were now 
wwh a. profusion of June rose 



ink that, as Annette walked 
gh them with her lover, they 
ted to be flushed with sunset, 
li sunset had quite faded, leav- 
mly a pure twilight behind. 
r* the newly planted trees, 

were small, a few large maples 
tin left from the original forest, 
jaded here and thew a 
vet sward. A superb bonier 
ic flower-de-luce enclosed the 

with its band of fragrant 

walked slowly round the 
without speaking, and I.aw- 
Etepped through the gate, then, 
g, leaned on it. Once out of 
•cmcr's presence, lie was not in 
liaxte to go. Two linden-trees 
»m screened them from obstT- 
as ihcy stood there; and, since 
no longer compelled him to 
up an indifferent or a defiant 
:r, the young man j 
ml!. He was sad, ao med 

I even a sort of despair. In .a 

.e had admired all that 

ble. and despised all 

as ignoble, yet he bad lacked 

solution necessary to secure his 

tral. He was still noble 
h to feci the loss of that more 

. any outsi 

n he could, he deceived 
f. .in.! excused his own short- 
gs ; but when some Ou 
;otc aside the Simsy veil, and 

i how he might be criti- 
or when s.->mc stirring appeal 
d the half-smothered ideal 
I, then he needed all the sooth- 
iat friendship or (latter)' i 
v. While to Mis. 

r thai ; had not 

ible to exclude the humiliating 
:tion that he had himself forged 
mins that held him in that ig- 
nd that ten years 
st endeavor would have set 
position to command the 



fulfilment of his wishes. But n 
he assured himself, it was too I 

to begin, ii own 

nature, had with one 

scarcely less strong, a pernici 

it, -ninl it was now two to i 
He must be helped, must go on with 
this engagement, and patch up the 
life which be could not renew. 

" If she would give up the point 
of our liring with her, all would be 
well," he said presently. " Why 
couldn't we board at the Crichton 
House ? I d. .n't mean to be idle, ami 
don't wish to be. I wouldn't make 

promises to her, Annette, ami I 

i make them to any one who 
threatens me; btd I • tH willing to 

vr.i that 1 really mean to try. 
All 1 lo get out of my little 

way of living, and have a fair start. 
You know I never had a chance." 

lip ami voice were unsteady, 
and, :igly 

into her i 

• r*. A i; -clf- 

pitjr too great for woj 
him. That clement of childlike ten- 
derness and depen v. : . sur- 
vives the time of childhood in 101 
men, as v, node 
bhn long Ibi tht | i tthy 
of one to whom he had ncvei given 
either sympathy or - 

Annette, v. no 

. or at least I Done, 

It wj • needed hi i sj ta 

pathy. She had thought that he- 
only needed her wealth. Her heart 
ache 
cd v. 

would censure him. H 

her foes. 

'• I know y.v id a chai. 

Lawrence," the Said 
never mind that now. VOU shall 
have one. F. Chcvrcusc shail talk 
to mamma, and make her give me nt 
once what I am to i: is mjr 

right Don't be unhanny about tlvt 



794 



Grapes and Thorns. 



blame yourself in anything. 

All not to follow one plan. 

Why should « begun as a 

dmdge, these years iu 

ip a little money? V. 

: be now for having 
the experience of an errand-boy and 
a ti lor ilie memory of a 

. 
niaU ? You might have two or three 
thousand dollars capital, and be, at 
best, a junior parti -ic paltry 

firn i should insist on J 

much to rcgi 
lie smile his cause 

ig so well defended, ventured to 
attack it. '• To be mortified is not 
necessarily to be degraded," he said. 
■ ] •'..■ Tt been obliged 

listen to the lecture I heard tiiL> af- 
temo 

- degradation of that rests 
ui:i she exclaimed hastily, 

with a painful blush on her face. 
'• 1 do not like to alt of 

it, and I wish you vrould try to for- 
get it. The : me to 
tell mamma that I 3m not a child. 
Leave all to me. 1 never (ail when 
I am roused, and 1 promise 
Lawrence! jrou shall not bcur more 
than one ot. for my sake. 
I for the] igain, 
do not suffer any one to dictate to 
you vc done. 

which 
ient to employ 
their time." 

: see he was cheered, not 
much, but a little. He tossed his 
head back, and glanced about with 
an air of renewed courage and de- 
termination. Hut no thought for the 
heart that be bad ii his 

pain and care entercil his mind. 
She had given her help eagerly, glad 
to give, and he accepted it as a mat- 
ter of course, and, having got what 
he wan: i. arc- 

less good-night. 



octtc went house, and 

soon the doors were Ux 
Ferrier alw iy.and 

the servants u- . iwcd her ex- 

ample. 

cue leaned from her window. 

I ountcd the city I 

lence. As it grew later, the soaad 
of the Cocheco became fitfully aurii 
ble, bomc on the cool northwesters 
. and presently grew steadier, 
: ly one ether sound, the poise 
of a faraway steam- is beard 

tossing on that spray-like marrow 
like a little ball on the water-colsmfl 
of a foun; 

Cool as it was, the loom seemed 
:o her. She was rc«: 
yet could not 
being heard by her moil; 
opened ha door, and crept sottli 
down-stairs. The long draraf* 
lows looking into the coo- 
ttory had been left open, izl 
some of the sasbes in the conserr*- 
tory were • •-.? top. 

A light and fragrant breeze case 
through, bringing a sound of ratfliaf 
leaves. She stepped over 
and threw i down i 

just outside. The lar:- 
relief from that cramp 

m. 

. there was only glass bctwe 
her and all outdoors. She 

■;.-hted skies, those b 
of summer, soft as J. . . a, and 

es of the gar len, and the 
faint outline of hills against the neat 
south. flower- 

ing plants show ...k slu- 

the 

»esaj> 
peared to 

and curl over i puipir 

; i us-leaves frin tars. 

Annette res'.'. on Ot 

sofa-i 

le and the w.. . {hit and 






Grapes and Thorns. 



795 



Md a quieting effect ; yet she 
i in that state of fev i:cful- 

s wherein one can be quiet only 
which i 1 - b possi- 
tu start at any moment. 
Icr life was changing in its hopes 
uid she was in all the 
iiiltof ;iiat rerolution, T 
el expe: : iiope* 

ich are planted in tlie heart of 
tj female infant, which spring up 
I in the maiden's soul, which 
nomorare Dipped in the woman's, 
God shall will, were withered in 
i, had withered long ago, aud she 
i only now owning it to herself. 
:rc was to be no tender homage 
re for her. No one was to 
: delimit in her, to seek her for 
self, to think anxiously lest she 
grieved or hurt. Whatever pain 
>me to her in life, she must 
r it in' silence. To tell it where 
)e sympathy would lie precious 
; helpful to her would be to bore 
listener. Hers was the part to 
r, not to receive. Without a 
i'i strength and hardness, she was 
lake the man's portion, support, 
er, entourage, ami defend, and 
without thank*. 

in awful sense of isolation seized 

n her. There had come to her 

mes to some, 

laps to most people, once in a 

when all the universe 

1 the soul hangs deso- 

of space, the whole 

:rea:i from 

then, and would gladly hide in 

th. 

::c was too sad and weary to 
• lay quiet, and looked 
i . -shadows. Some good 

ted her mind, .1 whisper 
icr guard , or an in 

of the Comforter — " Fall d 
pray to God for help!" it e 
risible. A hu 
nbly bitter and engross- 



ing blunted her heart to all ■■' 
mutely asked God to be mi 
her. but formed no other petition. 

'■'■ hile she gazed without abstract. 
cdly, only half conscious of what she 
saw, a darker shadow 

let a tree just visible past the 
[lie house. \\ 
be a man'.-; form leaned forward par- 
tially into her view, drew somct 
from a garden-chair under the tree, 
then disappeared. She was too 

upied by her own thou 
to be alarmed, and, moro 
not iu any danger-. She c 
dercd a little what it mighl 
and presently understood. Mr. 
SchOoinger, coming from a i 
drive that afternoon, had brou;. 
shawl over his arm, and the had 
ticcd after he went away that 1; 

gotten on the [en- hair 

. thrown it on entering. 
It might be that, returning home 
now, he had recollected, a 
into the garden for iu 

hi as the incident was, it broke 
the train of her painful thoughts. 
She sat up with a gestu; 
the past with all iu beautiful ho 
and wishes behind her, ami 
cd the one thought that came in their 
stead, .Mil yet sweet, lite a smile 
quenched in tears. Lawr, 
lid did not love her, but he need- 
ed her, and she took up her cross. 
time with an n; 
When we have set self aside, from 
whatever motive, the appeal to God 
for help tire, and seems kna 

a call than the answer to a call. 
As though 1 lite Love, which 
love's sake sacrificed a (i. 
not see a trembling human > 
ing itself for the altar without claim- 
• rite it. •■ My child, the 
quark that lights thy pyre is from my 
1 lold by me, and it shall not 
burn in vain." 

Yet that the happiness of giving 



Grapes and Thorns. 



love and help is nobler and more 
elevating lhan the pleasure of rr. 
ing them Annette did not then rea- 
lise, vould not hare believ- 
ed. Who docs believe it, or. at 
least, who acts upon the i 
after long and severe i . till 
the world has lost its hold on the 
heart, and it has placed all its hopes 
i:i the future ? Fine sentiments drop 
easily from the lips of those to whom 
they cost nothing, or who have 
gotten the struggles by which their 
o»n^>cacc was won. Those who 
are fed can talk eloquently of pa- 
= under :;, and those 
who are wanned can cry out on the 
folly of the poor traveller who a 
to sleep under the snowdrift. Verily, 
preaching is easy, and there is no 
one who has such breath 
heroic sentiment* as he who never 
puts them in practice. 

A* Anisette lay there, growing 
quieter now that all was settled, clouds 
came up from behind the . 
slowly extinguished the stars. Opa- 
h-.; Ijgbtiuafi (jaivtful n i cziMitd- 
ed inside those heavy mists without 
p k tciiig them, as though some wing- 
ed ova tare of fire were ha p r iso ned 
there, and flonering to escape ; and 
every time the air grew i i iia i n uns, the 
acaleas and rhododendrons bloom- 
ed rose-red owt of their shadows. 
Deep and mellow thunders roBed 

down in drops so fine that the sossnd 
of their tatting was bat a whisper. 
It was a th und er « at n nn played fear. 
Annette was kwwed to a hght sleep, 
throng* which she a* heard the 

st ceased. And no sooner dsd 
dream it had censed Hon she 

u had n. ■■ nmna.au it, wan 
a chttnoe «T tain and thmsder. mwi a 
wswdmat shoot the duces and sm 
(tow* aad a ti>\ Ut a 



She started up in atT: 
sky was clear and calm, and 
storm had all pa 

•.•s :n the garden shone 
ght from the windows, 
there was noise and a hi 
and fro in the house, and her 
was calling her with hysterical 

Annette would have 
ier tongue was par. 
that sudden fear. She could 
hasten into the house *i'h 
speed I kness of 

awakening allowed her. 

Mrs. ras walking thi 

ringing her hi 
i g for her daughter, 
is Annette? V 
Annette?" The servants 
about, silent and confound' 
noisy grief of their mistress, 
to do anything but stare a: 

There is usually but one dnrf 
mourner on such ocean 
many candidate* t 
the office. The one who first raitn 
the voice of lamentation leaves 6* 
others km it cttmktt. 

In one of her ttn Fetrin 

saw Annette leaning pale and malt 
on a chair near by. 

- O Annette, Ai 
know what has happ. 
what shall I do?" she cried. 

Annette could o- to tht 

chair for support. Her mouth »ad 
thrcnt were too dry fix speech. 

mebody has Moths 

Cheereesc ! " The girl slipped do«» 
In her knees, and in.: 
tnomenr 

to Lawrence, thank God! Tcea 
she stood np, shocked and gne*e4 
indeed, bat no longer powerless. 

- W2I yos teU me what 
John ? " she asked, turning 
stoat. * Tell me all von know steal 



■ 




hn's . soon told. Law- 

: Gerald, having been awakened 
i messenger from the priest's 
e, had been uj> there to 
i before going fur F. Chevreuse. 
rished some of them to come 
rely. 

incus's n dear and 

ipl in any emergency which did 
ouch her too nearly. She saw 
ice all that was necessary to be 

Ma, please don't take all the at- 
Dn to yourself, id rather 

liently. " It isn't you who are 
I. Try to think of what should 
ionc. John, you and Bettic 
50 down with mo. The rest of 
lock the house securely, ami let 
me in whom yOU don't know. 
s and Jade will take care of 

rttie flew with alacrity to prepare 
;lf, willing to brave nil pen 
Sompany of John; but, coming 
1 again, found that her 
also going. There was no help 
it. The servant-maid fell hum- 
nto the rear, while Mrs. Ferricr 
5 to the arm of the footman, 
saw an assassin in every shadow. 
ight of a man hurrying up the 
oward then, she 1 . and 

d have lied if her daughter had 
«ld her. 

Nonsense, ma." it's Lawrence." 
rtte said, and went to meet the 
Ihlcss messenger. 
I'm going after V. Chevreuse," 
cplained. " Can I have one of 

horse 
c stopped only for Annette's rc- 
kc anything you want ! " 

hurried on up the hill, 
be litl .e by the chti 

all alight, and people were 
ying about, and standing in the 
1 door and the entry. 
Now, recollect, run, you 1 
1 quiet, and not get in anybody's 



way," was the daughter's last charge 
U they drew near; then they went 
into the house. 

Honora Pembroke met Annette at 
the door of the inner room. The 
Clasped hands in silence. 
They Understood each other. The 
one was strong to endure with calm- 
ness, the other strong to do with 
calmness; and, till F. Cherreuse 
should come, all rested on then, Mr ... 
Gerald, weaker of nerve, could only 
ad gaze about I 'io what 

she was told to do. Jane was in the 
who Wc re trying to 
find out what she knew, and prevent 
her saying too much u> others. It 
was not task; for what the 

woman knew and what cel- 

led in inextricable con- 
fusion, and the only relief her excite- 
neat could find was in pouring out 
the whole to whoever would listen. 
An argument was, however, found to 
• her. 

" Vou will help the rogue to es- 
cape if y.m tell ' the de- 
tective said. " If you want him to 
be punished, you must hold your 
tongue. J one ?" 

ibody but • 
Jane answer* her self- 

control. It would be hard to keep 
silence, but she could do il 
sake of punishing that man. 

■■ Weill say not! :y one else. 

Look DOW) and remember how it 
:. then forget all about it till you 
are asked in court."' 

Jane and the two policemen in the 
little room with them drew nearer 
the content* 
of a slip of paper that the detective 
held in his hand. It was an inch or 
so of grey worsted fringe torn from 
a shawl; Aging to the frag- 

ment, a single human hair, of a pe- 
culiar light-brown s 

thcr Chevreuse! This 
little due had been found clenched 



79* 



"•rapes and Thorns. 



i« stiffening fingers when they 
took her up. 

The three looked 
(frcn ie detective care- 

ihe paper again, and 
placed it in his pocket-book. 

An I vreuse ar- 

; at enter the hi 
The two guests that there 
t him. death and an unspeakable 
grief, do image or 

that wc do not intrude. 

Gerald was di 
away from the door after ha 
brought the priest, Jane i 
to I a he stopped, I 

C<1 over the wheel : 

" Don't let a soul on 
what I told you we found in her 
hand, nor what I can ..his- 

per 

;ne half- stifled 
wot:: tattler. 

"Pro you won't," she per- 

sisted, laying her hand on his 

iseimpatiendy— 
women's way) are so annoying when 
one is excited and in haste — shook 
her hand off, and drove away. 

Let us pass over thi 
followed. The gossip, the wonder- 
ment, the show of grief that is mere- 
ly excitement, and, still more, the 
grief that it real, from 

sho v. rho would nut wish 

to escape sight and sound of them ? 

t one so 
beloved followed 

to her !. the tears and 

blessings of a crowd, and that one 
so bereaved was the object of an 
mease sympathy and affection, 
may also be sure that those to 
whom the law gives in charge the 
search for 81 

neglect their task. We will not 

fraternize with the detectives nor 

with these rips, I.ct them do their 

Iter his kind. 

When wcck9 had passed away, 




et dared to 
men:-." 

but he spoke of it to her ; and, havire 
once spoken, she felt sure that he 
wished the subject to be a\ 
thereafter. 

seems to me t r wis 

a re=! 

was not conscious of n 
sacrifice. I had a pleasant 

ic there to whom I 

no carti 
nothing to come between me and my 

that she was an < 

contrary, she was a ;>; but 

'so an ii irnfoet, 

more a con a I dcsci. 

haps. I do no) 

iw also that 
There arc no accidents in 
?nce. The only : 

- to bear 
I took her affection so careless];. 
She gave her all, a: not re- 

member to tell her ;s ftt- 

cious to me. She was a tends, 

uure, and, when I was a 

children need. I 
might need fondness as 
she grew old. I forgot that. « 
had a thorn laas, 

! nothing bet no 
"It is too late to tall: 
but if I could have been permittd 
one minute to go on tny kaect w 
her, and bl ank bet 

\c, I en . 
I man, 

the safely of ethers should testis* 
• I hope be may not be taken, 

wretch wanted the n 
mean to hurt any one, except in self- 
defence. I do not wish to know 

. Gerald was too m 
ed to utter a word in re 



Grapes and Thorns. 



799 



>e P. ChcvTcusc who 
■ i her in that sad 
Which the Tinging tone 
gone, and that pah 

s. It seemed, too, 
! few weeks his hair had 

med after a moment : 

sonic tilings at the house 

ke to have you see to. 

table in rnonv 
a few other thin. 
go toward a new altar- 
it. Hut there 
trinkets and things that 
and books, 
old hi; ■ you take 

il i > sec them 
ct Honora ctv 
ikes for herself. My 

> what yu-.i 

Hue little sffuvenin 

onld value them for 

And now let um set our 

stc no ti,: 

ntatioi 

- GeraM I" Jane cried, 
lady went there in com- 

is broke! AH thi 

' Mrs. Cie- 

- r.n me ol v. Chev. 

he quiet? Doe* he cat 

much as w 
the 1' ,^hed. 

its at i 

If youM :,l :'ii 

ht a!. .-.1! nvi:r | 

lie tea out 

ul, indeed, iny eyes r. n • 

myself 

He took something on 

■tie of 

"ul sort of 

the ■ ind about 

anted to ':: 
« saw my hand holding 
id, he stopped 



in what he v. ked 

up, and then he leaned bock n his 

i and burst out a-eryJtijf. it 
m poon 

she always gave him, h-.: (the 

same woman that held the 

table for him to take. And I set 
the i and cried too: what 

else ? And, ' Jane," says he, ' wri- 
the little hand lii.it (or years has 
been stretched out to m ven- 

ing?' What could the like of me 

ma'am, to comfort a | 
his sorrow ? I couldn't help spc 
inf. though, and says I, ' May be 
ngth of the t 

nd the little 

I b holdu lie first bitter 

it ever offered you to drink. 

dnnk it, I [ear, i I. 

•and may be J ; at 

the bottom." And ihen I waa 

med of myself for preaching 
to the pri a out of I 

room. After a little while his bell 

. and i wiped my ey 
went in. And there be sat with a 
trembling kind 

and a am I t>> 

my tea At all ?' So I gave him 
cup, and went and Stood fire- 

in the house, and ,r* 1 

ither to come and 
live with inc. The Lord knons 1 
didn't , through my mother 

not being ov king 

a drop now and de- 

cent' 

i I was cheered up a little, he 
sent me out. But when 1 was go 
throu lie spoke to 

and says he, 'Jane!' And whr 

' Jane, you're right. There 

ing at the bottom tnd he 

il in ■ 

than teat 

tray let ai his elbow, and pours 
lea : am. 



ft Q 



Crapes and Thorns. 



I'm goii: you something that 

anybody know 
aghtn't to speak of it. 
Line- 
about his 
room after I went to bed, and I 
knew he couldn't sleep; though, 
tk that any of us 
it night, 
when I'd been drowsy like, I heard 
him go out into the entry, and I 
thought th.it perhaps some one had 
rung the bell. 1 was frightened for 
fear of who it might be; to I got 
up, and threw something on, and 
crept up the stairs, and peeped 
through the rail, .-.II ready to sea 
for help. I watched 'hini o;>cn the 
dour, with lamp shii 

not far oiT; and, O Mrs. 
if he didn't kneel down tlicrc ud 
kiss the threshold where she stood 
that nigh im drive .1. 

ami ■ . iful that il 

all I could do not to cry out loud 
myself, and let him know I was 
there." 
The Si 1 imprcs- 

v this event wore a 
and people began to talk 
iga. Some wealthy Pi 
of Crichton made up for I 
reuse the money he had lost, and 
thus sootl • loss 

which lluy could imt repair to I 

: grieved 
felt their lives closing over the 
wound. Duties and plans that had 

been interrupted were 1 
among t h for a concert it) 

of tl ■ onvent Miss Fcrrier* 
a last preparation 
cert, which had been 
postponed on account of the death 
of Mother Chevi . . d it was 
necessary tot 

rsclf into these 

preparations with spirit Her affairs 

were pro ..- well as the COutd 

ECt F. Chcvrcuse had talked 



with Mrs. Fcrrier, and brought her 
to rcas«n, and Lawi id beca 

induced to yield a little. It was set- 

that the m should uke 

place on the first of September, and 
the young couple spend one year 
the mother. After that they 
were : ■■« to go where they 

liked, Annette with an ample 
ancc assured her, and aise tlut 

the property should be equal:; 
ed in case of her mother's death, 
lie young 1 

..ud he 
ought to be trusted and encouraged, 
lie goes regularly to Mass, 
len<ls closely to his business. 
nut soon forget how ntucl) he 
me when — wh« away that 

night. The shock seems to lute 
awak' lie sees what indo- 

lence and unfixed priu 
lead to, and that a man who rocks 
like a boat on the tide of I 
passions may drift We 

must be good to hi 
" If you would only 

talking to [rs. la- 

1 
in the power of talk. '• If you would 

tint what he ought to 1 
what he ought not to do. Iu<; warn 

The priest shook his head. 

"II lea 

his own \ 
said. '-It !:. a mistake for even Ik* 
wisest man to be perpeti 
ing his clumsy finge lie defr 

cate workings of the human soul 
We arc priests, but we si 
anil men and worn it foots. 

They should be left to th« 
sometimes. Go ;-.al bks* 

sages 

mention. Too modi 
direction is degradin .-.■Uigeu 

soul." 

1'. Chcvrcuse had been inv 
rily expressing the thought that 



run 



Grafts and Thorns. 



801 




is own mind ratbei 
essing 1 ; and, sec- 

xt a glance that she had not on- 

• ord of what he had been 
ig, be smilingly adapted his talk 
tr comprehension. 

i a story once," he said, 

a careful mother who wis go- 

ipcnd the 

Before starting, she called her 

Iren about her, and, after telling 

1 of c igs which they 

Sded in tltis 
d don't you go up into the 
1 the dark comer behind 
nicy, and take up a loose 
;1 in the floor, and pull out a 
Of dry l>eans there is there, and 
leans in 

\ iag forbidden 

which she could might 

ten to them. When she came 

had a 

e. Don't you sec 

bad better not have ad 

[ about those beans ? The chil- 

didn't know where they were. 

if you want to keep any one 

to him of what is 

. 'Hie more you look at evil, 

»:ing it 

more you talk about 

le more people will do it. 

rtiracs it must be spoken of; but 

re of saying too much. Do 

know when darkness appears 

rst ? have been 

ng at light. The 

say all that B pleasant to this 

g man, and try to forget that 

ever was anything unpleasant." 

■ to oppose 

earnestly expressed 

yman, and, at this time, all F. 

people felt an U 

;iow him their lot 

ience. Besides, she was rather 

J of having been considered so 

icable that no one but a priest 

I influence her, and of being 

VOL. XVII. — 51 



able to say, in defence of her change 
r the sake of 

ie even b 
little of this and took 

care it should be known that the 
church had begged her to be len: 
and had for a moment anxiously 
awaited her decision. 

" Besides," she would add, " he 
takes a good deal more pains to be 
pleasant now." 

Lawrence, indeed, took no such 
pains, and, perhaps, bleed Annette's 
er less than ever. i*he only 
change was in herself. She had, by 
being civil to him, rendered it p 
blc for him to hen 

he v. itingly, she had 

ted him ; sed 

to her, she conciliated. It was not 
necessary that there should be any 
change in I 

Annette, 100, IB Ml CSUM 

1 band. The passion 
of lot 1 had sometimes made 

her timid in speaking of him, wax 
unconsciously giving place to a 1 
sion of pity, which made her fearloa. 
Woe to the servant who was dila- 
tory ' ; Gerald, or 
: respect for 
him. He was consulted about CI 
thing. Not a nor 
spoon COuU lie bought till 
approved. A cool J will 
Lawrence thinks of it," vasenon 
to postpone a decision on any sub- 
ject. " He has taste, and we I 
nothing but money." 11 the phn 
is not a contradiction, it might be 
said that she abased herself haugh- 
tily in order to exalt him. If I 
had company to dinner, Lawrence 
: glance over the li.1t of dishes ; 
if a new plant arrived, he B 

l! :. 

. ger came to km Ibl 

Lawrence to decide wht 
riers should show him bospita 
" I think ou. . may as well 



Graffs and Thorns. 



also x lktie garden-party." An- 
nette said to him. " We need scarce- 
ly any practice, not k of, 
everything went so well the last 
time- 
She was tying on her bonnet be- 
fore a mirror in the drawing room, 
and Lawrence stood by a window, 
hat in ha ing out at the car- 
riage waiting at the gate, 
not seem to have heard her. 

'• 1 should on' few persons 

who will l>es io the concert 

and help along," she continued, twirl- 
ing to sec if the vohi- 
■us folds of her War k d fell 
e mated * to 

ir SBC was look:.-;:; un- 
commonly well. Black was bet 
ing to h a delicate lavender 

gloves, and bunch of scarlet gcran- 
ium-flowen half lost in hoe just 
behind her left ear, gave pu 
touch of color that was Deeded. But 
he stood immovable, the 

horses, perhaps, or watching nothing. 
Seeing him so abstracted, she 
looked at him a moment, remember- 
ing an oM story she had rend of 
Apollo apprentice I to a twi ::•_•■ herd. 
Here was one, 

it have graced Oh who 

had been bound down to pov 
and labor, and disappointment, 
pale and melancholy face showed 
ling even now 
his ignominious captivity. Thank 
! , she could help him ! He should 
not always lie so sorrowful. 

moved slightly, without look- 
ing toward her, aware of her silence, 
i;*h he had not her 

speech. She checked, with an «.! 
the impulse to go to him with some 
affectionate inquiry, and went on 
With what she had been aayi 
" We need the editors, of course, and 
I can ask I>r. POTSOD to bring Mr. 
Saks. They say he is very clever, 
and will bring Tfie Aurora up o.\ 



They will give in ; 

If I send the doctor a note 

afternoon, he will tell Mr. Said 

ig, and I" 
little report of the rehearsal i 
he come- tod have it oa| 

if moroi: 

e your ready ?" :■ 
rence, turning round 
dow. 

' She | 
litth iicr. and 

out her hand. 

" By the way," she 
" have you heard the story 
Mr. Schoning< 

Lawrence 
he had just cac id at 

in silence. Pcrha: ,stnb 

something di . the pri 

housekeeper, had charged 

romantic i 
ing at having won h 

tion. "I for. y 

say that he has a ! 

England about an 

to which he is the 

rem some very distant rtb 

who let: 

luaintance with any of 
family there now ; but ten years J 
he learned that the hcit 

He was then in Germany, an 

little propertyj on ■.. 

a gentleman. He spent every * 

be liad in the effo 

righ- 

■ 

. that's the reason 1 
he came I bee 

a music-teach 
plainly, and works all i 
Canhusen told me she hear 
sent money to England even 
and that all his earning 
lawtui 

" Lily Carthuscn knows 







Grapes and Thorns. 



ibout other people'* business," 
I un remarked ungr.' 
■• one of the kind who 
::ers and listen at doors. 

Idn't repeat any of her stories, 

te." 

only tell you, Lawrence," she 

I bun 

VII, I don't believe a word of 
said. " Schoningcr is a fiue 
; and people imagine there is 
mystery about fa ly be- 

ne won't tell every boi: 

I who his grandfather 

- were. There are 

who, 

should keep. one room :n your 

locked, woold believe that it 

II of stolen son 

y were going out through the 
iow, anil Annette assumed a 
smile. No one must see her 
g mortified or 1 of all 

she was with Lawrence. She 

• 
her order with tlic air of one 
lating a charming drive. "To 
invent, Jack, straight through 
wn, and slowly." 
ich meant that they int. a 
c some conversation, and were 

^ to be observed. 

•s like to see the sisters 
I am out of tune," Mi 
" They are so soothing and 
si. Besides, they arc 1 
fear nothing. They are not 
1 quaking, as people in the 
arc. They have the courage 
Itlren who know that they will 
ten care of. I always feel 

a being with them. Not 
am usually timid, though. I 
[ have more courage than you, 
nee." 

1 smiled playfully, giving her 
ords the air of a jest, 
looked straight ahead, u 
the jest. 

;s the reason," he 



Bed " It's the old serpent in the 
tree that makes it shal.; 

" It b very true." she said calmly, 
after a moment's consideration. " I 
do not believe I ever dad anything 
d." 
a rule, I don't like religious 
people," the young man observed; 
"but I've no objection to any of the 
nuns. The fact 1 car 

mil)' dresses and cut off thcir 

bsif proves them sine the 

strongest proof a good-looking wo- 
man could give. You needn't laugh, 
ttc. Just think a minute, and 
I find it is so. N fc at 

that little Anita 1 saw up there 0D< 

as pink and white :de 

of a sea-shell, and her hail must be 
a yard long and beautiful hair at 
that Vet she is going 1 osc 

ii cut off, and hide her : 
tinder a black bonnet. That tin 
something. 1 only hope she may 
not be sorry when 1 ic. I'd 

like to talk with her. Ask :, sec her 
to-day, won't y 

Annette's answer was very gravely 
uttered. •' Certainly, if you hi 
she .on will BOt have 

much opportunity for conversation 
her." 
He roused himself. Hiring 

to take some interest 
'• You can manage it, Anncti 
her singing for me, then take Si 
Cecilia off out oftfi 

11 1 spoke km •. with a 

r.miic ; but she did not lift her 
eyes. Poti know there mu 
trilling with such a person, Lawrence. 
to speak to 
Anita ? Is it impossible for you to 
ID interesting girl without trying 
to captivate her ? You need not be 
tUCh SUCCC 
He threw htOSeU bock on the 
cush. arc 

fealoi is no more to be si 

about it." 






904 



Grapes and Thorns. 



J silent, he pi 
questioning £ her 

■ing the cloud on It, 
uuilcd ij-im. It always amused him 
evidence of his power 
.umI no proof could be 
»m<neer than the right of their pain. 
nl be sfflynow, Ninon;- he 
Bid Mi fM know I don't 

mu to trifle nor flirt, bat only to 
v curiosity. I oem spoke 
ig Total hie that, ar 
would hke to know what sort of ktn- 
gw* ge t Hey use. Be good, dear V 

vktg voice could still 
wale bee smile, though it coold do 
•Nicer cheat her into debght. She 
kvked at bus indulgently, as ooe 
Woks at a spoilt cbild whoa one has 
do deaite to reprove, yet ssghs over, 
will do * ha: I can, Lawrence ; 
bwt sou canst be careful not to bc- 
haw so that the sisters will wish to 
"o in future."' 
-it 1 * a good girl ~ 
Then his tnaeaentary gaiety drop- 
ped off hie a mask. 

M see that kind of 
IcfigMo," be reamed, * Bat I bate 
a gih -edged piety. I despise those 
people who are so nice thai they caO 
the devil * the IX, you know,' sad 
whose ichgioa ts aB proe>esade> 
dim and gtoDDcc riorii I susp e ct 
thesn. I was talking the other day 
with a lady who said romrrrwng 
the 'IX, row know.' ud I 
ionlkaov. What 
do row mean >* She had to say k ; 
aad I barest a doubt she always 
: when she is aagrv. Bah T ' 
(fctj cjJ rra.h.-vi kht care, and, 
: bo ooe, ahchted aad lot the 
Bat Shttr 
at Ac eetraate. her wcl- 



a chair in whidi were s 

Sister Bernadi.: 
teacher, held the d 
hand, while with the other 
vigorously scouring the panels. 
I were rolled np to the I 
ders, a large apron covered 
chin to slipper, and her rdl «ii 1? 
moved. As she scou 
sweet face was and 

large blue eyes watched the 
of her labor with ; 
and good-will. 

A burst of laughter tr 
spectators to her. Mr. Ge: 
jtst within the room, bo 
foundry, with gravity and same 6B 
dence, bat the two lad 
thoroughly amused. 

-Would you Dot think," 
Sister Cecilia, M that she i 
see that dingy old door tan I 
her hands into the great 

v rw Jerusalem gate ? Yu 
tai&ry d*l expect a miracle, I 
dette." 

Sister Bemsdette's blush *:• tst 
mocaencarv. ooJy the rapid color d \ 
surprise that ttded away in dimples a 
sfaessaaVd. Her s l eeves w: 
down sad her veil snatched! 
trace, aad she went ta meet 
visitors with an air that would I 
adorned a drawing-room. 

-Swer is a witch," she 
was Ou s tin g cf the gat« o. 
Jerusalem, though aot 




a doer, with her sleeves rolled l 
wis the chfld of wealth and 
. mm 9as had bcasitWf 

aad her ha: had been 
acre those fight j 
the 
atha 
wuBM^ ex i 

aar because ii 
bat 



Grafts and Thorns. 



805 



Ms of beauty served only lo 
her of the infinite love! 
.d not Sister Cecilia's cnthusi- 
rat her heart was a fountain 
r full of love, and cheerful 

le courage. She seemed 
in a sunny, spiritual calm 
Ihc storms of life. 

graceful words, she took 
promising to send Anita to 
BiitS Ferrier wished Mr. Gc- 
hear the girl playon the piano, 
iss Ferrier was a benefactor 
r community, and, therefore, 
»n to be obliged. Otherwise 
ighl not have thought it pro* 
for the child to receive a 
g<all from fashionable people 
trc neither related to nor in- 
ker. 
a came in presently, as a 
cornea in when you lift 
tain at night. Softly luminous 
thout sound, it is there. This 
s rather small and <iark-hair- 
I 3 dazzling fairness of 
ixion to which her simple 
dress was in admirable con- 
Her eyes were blue and 
ay* downcast, as if she 

:e that shone out through 
Noth been 

inarming than bet manner— 
nit awkwardness, and 
it innoccut reserve of a 
rhich springs neither from fear 
►trust. She met M 
r, but was not the first to ex- 
er hand; and Annette's kiss, 
ch she only submitted, left a 
>t on hcT cheek which lingered 
te time after. She was one of 
sensitive flowers til 
be lightest touch. No love 
jlicatc enough for her except 
ctTable love of the " Spouse of 
1." 

ice Gerald watched her with 
Immense gravity 



and respect of her salutation to him 
had made him smile. It was a new 
study for him. How sunbi 
hackneyed Annette seemed beside 
this fur little cloistered snowdrop! 
Poor Annette, with her grieved and 
disappointed heart, which surely bad 
not chosen the rough ways of the 
worlii. and would gladly have been 
love: 1 as this girl had 

been, received scant charily from the 
man whose sole hope she was. So 
are our misfortunes imputed to us as 
crimes! 

Anita played admirably on the 
piano, turning the music (or herself. 
After her first gentle refusal of his 
help, Lawrence did not venture to 
the matter, fearing to alarm her 
timidity; but be seated himself near, 
aod, affecting not to observe her, 
lied every movement. 

After the first piece, Miss Ferrier 
and Sister Cecilia, seatc* I :mt 

window, began to ul pan 

about various business atl'.iirs; but as 
the gentleman by the piano was lis- 
1 toward her a se- 
cond sheet of music when she laid the 
first aside, the performer did not rise. 

" Yes," Sister Cecilia was saving, 
her eyes fixed on a rough sofa the 
Duns had themselves stuffed cushions 
for, " I think there is something Up* 
that will do to cover it. We 
have several large packages that 
have not been opened. They were 
sent here the day after Mother Chev- 
revwe died, and we have hail no 
heart to touch them since. There 
are some shawls, anil blankets, and 
quilts that Mr-.. Macon gathered for 
us from any one who would give. 
I am sure we shall find something 
there that will do very we] 

" And now sing for uie," Law- 
rence said gently, as Anita ended her 
second piece. " I am sure you • 
You . . . "* He checked himself 
there, not daring to finish his speech. 



SoC, 



Grapes and Thorns. 



ti have the full throat of a sing- 
ing b '.as going to s; 

1 on the music-rack a 
simple little Avt md she 

sang it io a pure, flute-toned voice, 
and with a composed painstaking to 
do her best that provoked him. lie 
leaned a little, only a link, nearer 
when the had ended, and sat with 
I. ci eyes downcast, the lashes making 
a shadow on her smooth, cole: 
cka, 
'I: is a sweet song," he said , 
can ling what b far more 
ficult and expressive. Sing once 
again, something stronger. Give me 
a love-song," 

He trembled at his own audacity, 
and his face reddened as he brought 
out the last words. Would she 

and rush out of the room ? 
Would she blush, or burst into tears ? 
Nothing of the kind. She merely 
sat with her eyes downcast, 
her fingers resting lightly t;:i tl.c 
keys, and tried to recollect some- 
Then a little smile, bint from 
within, touched the corners of her 
moutli, her eyes were lifted fully 
I on air, and she sang that 
hymn beloved by S. Francis Xave- 

"ODcuil rgosnotc." 

It was no longer the pale and 
timid novice. Fire shone limn her 
f-.ed eyes, a roseate color wann- 
ed h« transparent face, and the soul 
l smile hovered about her lips. 
It was the bride singing to her 13c- 
lovi 

he had finished the List 
words, the singer turned toward the 
window, as if looking to Sister Ceci- 
lia for sympathy, knowing well tii.it 
only with her could the find it, and 
civeil then that she was alone 
with Lawrence Gerald. 
Annette, half ashamed of herself 



for doing it, had kept tier prosx] 
and lured the 
on some pKtt 

Anita roic immediately, made 
a slight obcisai 
glided from the room withoi 
ing a iron!. 

a she had gone, he sat 
confounded. " She a chi 
tercd. " She is the most sdf- 
cd and determined woman I 

■ love-song he had asked i 
addressed to God, and her 
departure, were to his mind 
of the most mortifying rebuff he 
ever received. 

Hut he mistook, not knowing tat 
difference between a child of eank 
and a child of heaven. 1 
could mean any other kind of lo«- 
song than the one she had sag 
never entered Anita's mind Low 
was to her an everyday word, oftea- 
it on her lips than any other. Sk 
ipoke of love in the last waking n» 
ment at night and the first one a 
the morning. There was no reasaa 
why she should fear the wo. 
to the rest, it was nothing but obedi- 
ence. 

"Why did you come out, raj 
dear ?" asked Sister Cecilia, rocrtinj 
I...: in the entry, 

" Sibtcr Bernadetti ■ nera 

to remain alone with a gcntlensjs,* 
Anita replied simply. 

Lawrence was just saying to hiav 
self that, after all, her fear of staying 
with him was rather tlattering, whff 
she reentered the room with Annette 
and the Bister, and came to tit 
piano again. It was iroposs 
vanity to blind him. 1 1 
stirred the ripple on the** 

face of her heart. It was a saluorf 
mortification. 

t Cecilia carried in her hank 
a man's large gray shawl. Opening 
it out, she threw it over their imp to- 



Music. 



So? 



2d sofa, and tucked it in around the 
is and the cushions. " It will do 
she said. " And wc do not 
<i it for a wrap or a spread." 
\nncttc viewed it a little. " So it 
rod. " A lew large 
S will Lctii it in place. But here 
1 little tear in the corner. Let 
i turn it the other way. There ! 
t docs nicely, doesn't it, Law- 
cc?" 

»he turned in speaking to 
he was not there. lie 

. out into the porch, ami was 



beckoning Jack to drive the ear- 
up inside the grounds. 
They took leave after a minute. 
'• He sore you all pray for the suc- 
ur CODCert, iraj Annette's 
farewell charge to the iistur. •• We 
to have our last rehearsal to- 
night." 
She glanced into her companion's 
they drove along, but re- 
frained from asking him any ques- 
ts ms about his interview with Anita, 
d not indicate that 
he hail derived IBUI ; j from it. 



TO >( ccorrtnt*o. 



MUSIC. 

When the heart is overflowing, 
Now witli sorrow, now With joy, 

And iu blind Mr showing, 

LiSe a spell that words destroy : 

When the soul is all devotion, 
I'turc grows a pain 
And to free the pent emotion 

Iv.cn prayer's wings spread in vain 

Then but one relief is given : 

a voice of mortal birth, 
But a language born in b 
And in mercy lent to earth : 

Lent to consecrate our sighing, 
Shed a glory on our u 

And Oplifi ::■■ without dying 
To the I i led sphere*. 



Am Art Pilgrimage through Rome. 



AM ART PILGRIMAGK THROUGH ROME. 



Rome as we saw it in 1863 was 
already so for modernized as 10 pos- 
ies* two railway Lues, one on the 
Neapolitan and one on the Lh 
Vecxhia side. The old and more 
romantic entrance was by the I'orta 
del Popolo. which was by 

crossing the Ponte Molie. Two 
traditions help to invest this plain, 
strong bridge with peculiar interest. 
It was within sight of it that the 
great battle was fought which dr 

numph of Coi and 

1 the already lotto 
re. Here the miracu- 
cross appeared to the 1: 
leader the night befi ; lie, 

lighting up the horizon with its 1 

radiance, and blazoning forth 
those prophetic words : In hot signa 

ft — " In this sign shall thou con- 
(|uet " — which were afterward* graven 
as the motto of the emperor on his 
new standard, or labirum. Near the 
Ponte Mollc, too, then called Pons 
Milvicnsis, were the spoils of the 
temple, and the seven- 

branched candle-stick, thrown into 
the filicr to save them from the 
hands of the invading Huns; and it 
is seriously bclievcil that, were the 

r to he drained and carefully 
dredged in that spot, many rare and 
valuable historical relics would be 

id It is supposed that, the flow 

I -ing very sluggish, and 

the mud, with its tawny color, oozy 

g, these treasures may 

.',>• have remained embedded in 
their unsavory hiding-place. 

The modem entrance from the 
Civita Yccchia side is unattract:, 
the but the new depot at 

Plana dV Termini afford* a very 



fair first view of Rome Beta] 
reaching the city, a beautiful specn- 
[resented by the long torn w 
aqueducts standing sharply detract 
the low, olrve-spottcd 
by tl>c massive tomb of 
in ton'i 
nence among the lesser mono: 
of the Appian Way. Beaut 
limes, this scene of 
suggestive grai: 
!>eautiful by moonli, 
could forget the unfoiiuuate 
of that most prosaic of modem 
ings, a railway-station, the Pi. 
Termini would hardly break the 
spell. On one side arc I 
the baths of Dioclel r brkk 

walls covered with golden wall- 
flowers, and just beyond them tk 
cloister and churrh of Sant.. 
degli Ange interior of tba 

church is . mooo- 

lith columns of >eariaf 

the marks of the fw ciiioj- 

ths, from whose adjoining 
halls they . were taken. On the 
opposite side are the prisons for 
women — a far happier and »er*. 
peaceful abode than most places of 
the sort, the jaUen being cloistered 
sisters specially vowed to this heroic 
work of self-devot.on. 
thcr on is the great fount 
into three compartments, each back- 
ed by a tetso-ri/ietv of great merit 
the centre one represents 
tic y Moses striking the 

rock. The small <^ 
the Vittoria, wb • fa»- 

:nmea>- 
■ 
■ 
sculptors of the . -a terra 



An Art Pilgrimage through Rome. 



809 



too often convertible with artiste 
cadence. This is a languishing anil 
affected but marvellously correct 
tuc of S. Teresa OU her death-:. 
and the church is served by bare- 
footed Carmelite friars. The streets 

5 from the Piazza, though 
not so narrow, arc to the full as 
crooked as those in the lower portion 
of lin- •;. ; but, 10 the practised Ital- 
ian traveller, Ihey will appear almost 
wide. Those of Genoa ami Venice 
are veritable lanes, through which 
two wheelbarrows could not pass 
each other, ami across which ycui 
could literally shake hands out of the 
windows of each floor; so that the 
Roman streets do not strike you as 
uncommonly narrow, unless you arc 
Paris or Munii 

are lb: r:;;iic peculiarities 
as in most other Italian towns, but 
fraught with a deeper meaning, si 
we arc at the headquarters of the 
religion which gives them birth: the 

shrines at the street-corners, 
chiefly oi the Blessed Virgin 
the divine Infant, rudely enough 
represented, but denoting the stead- 
fast faith of the people, and kept per- 
petually adorned by a lighted oil-lamp 
in a blue or red glass; the stalls in the 
markets which, by the way, stand OOtf 
in the dingier thoroughfares n 
the Pantheon and S. Eustachio; 
the strange medley of meat, vegeta- 
bles, flowers, antiquities; in sum- 
mer, the mounds of cut water 
mci Roman's favorite trait), 

and the ricketty stands 1 iled 

;11 the confused shades of 

le, black, grc vhite ; in 

winter, the teaUiai, or hale square 

barcoal, which 
market-women carry about every- 
where — to market, to church, and 
• often to bed; the curious an- 
of brass with two or 
three beaks, each bearing a weak 
flame, ami the whole thing a copy, 



li for lino, of the old Roman lamps 
of two tlvr.1sar.1l years ago; on 
Josephs day, the 19th of .March, the 
stalls decorated with garlands of 
green, and heaped with Jiiirtlette (fried 
fish under various disguises) ; the 
peasant funeral winding slowly 
through the crowd, with the corpse, 
that of a young girl, lying uncovered, 
but enwreathed in simple flowers, on 
an open bier borne by the cowled 
members of a pious brotherhood 
dedicated to this work, and 

M faces even 3rc covered, leav- 
ing only the eyes visible through two 
narrow slits; the droves of Cam- 

a oxen, cream-colored, mild, 
Juno-eyed, and with thick, smooth, 

:hing horns ; the flocks of Cam- 
pagna buffaloes, shaggy and fierce, 
with eyes like pigs, humps on their 
necks, and short, crooked horns — a 
very fair impersonation of the evil 
one for an 
of S. Anthony"; tin .-, at 

isbntt time, the piffti.- 
sants of the Abrmzi, whose imme- 
morial custom it is to come on an 
annual m" |rinuge to Rome, 

and play the: rt before 

street-shrine in the 1 
These latter arc descrying of a 
more lengthened notice, and, indeed, 
til to ho Mrurk by 
the rugged pictur. of their 

appearance. Some oue has not in- 
itely called them the " satyrs 
of the Campagna," though they be- 
long rather to the mountain than 
tn the plain. Their dim is that 
winch we are erroneously taught tfl 
connect with the i: I of 

a brigand (an ideal, by the way, . 
unjustly supposed to be realized by 
the honest, industrious, and deluded 

ints of whom New York 
recently ;)— a 

high, conical felt hat, with a frayed 
feather or red band and tassels; a 
red waistcoat; a coarse blue j.i. 






SlO 



An Art Pilgrimage through Rome. 



and leggings, sometimes of the snag- 
gy bair of white goats (hence 

.mriimc* of tanned skin 
bound round with cords that inter- 
lace as far as the knee, 'flic Ample 
cloak common to all Roman and 
Neapolitan peas-': 
costume, and gives it a dignity which 
sits well upon then. Their instru- 
ments are vt re, and the 
tunes they perform arc among the 
oldi Italy, trans- 

i son by 
purely oral U ftf always 

go in couples, and, while one plays 
the iam/i'gna, or bagpipe, the 
tccom panics him on ihcpiJfcr0,oT pas- 
toral pipe — a slioit, flute-like ii 
ment. 1 'he- e are the men who make 
the fortunes of many an artist, and 
who, as mo- irmed as 

i as Proteus or Jupiter of 
The broad flight of Step* leading 

.: the Pkaza u to the 

ian hill is theif chief resort when 
off duty <u> fifftrari, 3nd on the look- 
out as models ; and any guide could 
show you among th< I So- 

and-So's " Mojo," or Madame Such- 
a-oncVS. J. innumer- 

able other Chaw and 

classical, stist ■ nlj a 

dozen men i I t& blood. A 

few women there are among them, 
some in the but rare 

tame which is erroneously Hip- 
pos 10 the 
neighborhood of Home, namely, the 
iquare fold of spotless linen on the 
head (a style almost Egyptian in 
its masMvcncss) and narrow skirt of 
darkest Line, with an apron of carpet- 
like patten) and texture. A row of 
heavy coral beads encircles their 
throats, and the ample folds of their 
loose chemise of white cotton are con- 
fined by a blue boddKc laced up the 

at. These figures suggest thcro- 

lves as splendid models for a set 

but they are more 



usually painted as typical peasast 
women, and sometimes, when old, 
as S. Elizabeth, S. Anne, or the 

D of gaily-attired « 
dark-robed figures in the streets is at 
bewildering to the stranger, es- 
dly on a festival day. when one 
would think that the middle ages 
had broken up through the thin crust 
of lei i decorum. Here 

are Capuchin friars, in their coarse 
brown tunics confined round the 
waist by a white knotted cord, hurry- 
ing with large baskets on their arms 
from house to house to collect 
meal of broken refuse ; further on is 
a I'apal ZOUai iform of 

gray and his white half-legging] 
forei i very likely 

fnir, flight, and dignified, like 
de C'harrctte, the grandson of the 
gTcat Vendean leader of 1793; here, 
again, comes an abbate. aor- 

ick three-corn awl 

hi* I0113 and ample clpak or garment 
gathered in a line of full, close folds 
at his back, ami g thence 

arounr! his person will pit- 

tun i.ty of .1 Roman togs; 

is the 
lithe, cat-like French cerjr 

and open-faced; bcyoi urrr 

lackeys in rich bat 
ies that look at if they had beta 
hioned out of tapestry; pea- 
sants in every garb, some clustering 
round a saivana, or public 1. 
writer, established in the o. 
a ricketry table, with a few sheets of 
dirty paper and a heap of limp red 
for his stock in trade; ami 
others intent upon their birthright, 
i.e. noisy and successful begging. 

,ips one of ti • uriouj 

sights to a stranger is to be found in 
the back yards of houses inhabited 
by swarms of families - bat 

one well among them 1 h » 

draw water. The well is in the nud- 



An Art Pilgrimage through Rome. 



811 



die of the courtyard, and itcki 
to every window of the home (and 
often of several adjoining houses) 
runs a strong wire cord. On this is 
slung a bucket, which is let down or 
drawn up by a pulley easily D 

■ 1 all day 
long this ingenious manoeuvre is 
constantly repeated with sundry 
Ting noises quite novel to the 
northern ear. It would need vol- 
umes to give any idea of the mCK 
outer picturesqueness of Romas 
scenes, much more of the varied 
beauties that do not at once a 
the eye. 'Hie Ghetto, or Jews' 
quarter, affords one of the most 
peculiar street-sights. The streets 
here arc narrower, darker, filthier 
than elsewhere, the stalls are din 
the poverty more apparent. Rags 
everywhere and in every stage of 
dilapidation — rags hung out over 
your head bice banners; rags spread 
on the knees of the industrious wo- 
men, who with (left fingers an; mend- 

I . 
shelves and coffers; ragsclothing the 
swarthy children that tumble about 
the grimy door-steps — a very night- 
mare of rags. And among them, 
exiles: gorgeous robes hidden away 
where you would least expect then, 
laces of gossamer texture ami 
historic.nl interest, brocades that once 
graced a coronation, and even gems 
that the Queen of Sheba might have 
envied. Mingled in race and bro 
in spirit as are these Jews, weak de- 
scendants of the stern old Bible he- 
roes, one touching evidence of their 
loyalty to their ancient traditions re- 
mains. We were told of it by I )r. 

O , of the Propaganda College, 

who had many friends among the 
Hebrew Rabbis. The Arch oi Titus 
in the Forum, or what is now vulgar- 
ly called the CampoVaccino (oxen's 
I or market), is a magnificent tro- 
phy commemorating the last victory 



of Rome over Jerusalem. Its tatti- 
rilitvi, both exterior and Interior, re- 
present the sacking of the Holy City 
and the despoiling of the temple. 
carvings of the triumphal pro- 
cession bearing aloft the rifted .■ 
sures of the Holy of Holies, the 
great seven-branched candled 
the mystic tabic of the " (oaves of 
proposition," the golden bowls and 
OS, naturally enough excite feci- 
Of bitter regret in the breast of 
the exiled and wandering race. So 

it happens that no good and • 
Jew passing through the Forum will 
ever follow the road that lc: 
this beautiful icutptarad monument 
of his country's fall, dot even It 
shadow fall upon bu head aa he 
passes it by. This si>;n of faithful 
mourning certainly "strnck us as very 
significant and poetical. There are 
two aynagogu ™d 

it is curious to reflect that ti 

brew templet were tolerated within 
the wall* of Rome by .1 government 
which proscribed An: i jiels 

and relegated the worship of the 
I fiish visitors beyond the Porta 
rhis restriction may 
have unheediogly tol- 

erant ; but let us stay for a moment 
to examine its reason. .is a 

theocracy and swayed by directly 
opp - to any other cx- 

ig state, mid DO more 

allow of 1 

its domain than of old the Hebrew 
high-priest could have allowed the 
Moabitish altars to be erected at the 
doors of the Ark of < rod, In speak- 
ing of tin u is 
absolutely necessary for a rum Cath- 
olic to set his mind to a 
focus from that which answers the 
ordinary purposes of travel and ob- 
servation; it is necessary to do as 
Hawthorne says some v. his 
romance of the Marble B um ■ 
that is, to look at the pictured 



fit Art Pilgrimagr Ikrrmgk Rcme. 



window of a great cathedral fn** 
tk* inside, where the harmony of 
form, of color, and of datribiraoa 
> viable; not from the 
■bete an unmeaning net- 
work of dark, irregular patches of 
glas I:; gazer. 

One is apt at first to wander 
igh these Roman streets in the 
• on by /VmA;' 
dtt . Shall m seek the 

,'on, of history, or of 
•rt t S' mkc a tour of the 

Or 

it once to the colossal 

>• ourselves in the an- 

nil* of like old r<--;iulilic ? All these 

i' n thoroughly cx- 

are guides, both 

l id, to lead one through 

the il ing within the 

tretj of 
the world I ives 

ires, from the Via 
—where the most finished 
of antique jewellery 
arc abated, and where 

wealthy strangers crow the 

counters, eager to take home keep- 
sakes for less fortunate friends — to 
the Piazza M ', when the 

handsome p< B the country 

ith the stalwart Prastevcrmi, 
who boast of being lineal descend- 
ants of the ancient Romans. One 
thing which is very apt to strike any 
thou ?rvcr upon a first saun- 

ter thro ne (we speak 

1863) ix the sovereignty of religion 
in every derailment of life. Art is 
wholly moulded by it, domestic life 
per\ al life simply 

founded on it. Every monument of 
, 1 is stamped with its impress, as 
theonj every 1 mst- 

■ .•, as the Coliseum. 
Kvi bears on its 

ind tiara of the Papacy 
with the "S. P. Q. R." 
of I 1 1 ■■■■* Jbfufuifiu 



Xs m tn m j ). Even the private gifla- 
ies are under government protecwa 
and not one of the pictures caa be 
told without the leave of the action 
ties. The very collections of daw 
statuary arc the work of sncceait 
ecclesiastical rulers. Edu. 
essentially religious (as it alnyi 
is in any country whose \>\ 
remains civilized as not z? 

proximate to that of the irrespoa- 
siule denizen of the ion. 
the same I nal, since eray 

nation has here its own rcprescso- 
tive college. The archaeological ct 

a in the catacoi. 
the Dominican Convent 
mente open a new branch 

to Rome, while mo- 
dem art ii. , follows in the 
same religious groove, and sp 
self chiefly on t: 

tian mosaics, the 1 ire tf 

ics of c" 
:ie<, crucifixi ies, and 

the rivalry of both foreign and na- 
tive ai '.hetieal 
expositions of religi 1. ne» 
embodimcDts of x<.\ ymbcZs. 
From the street-shrines wfa 
have passed to the studios of C&ris- 
and the examination of 
it Christian art there is, there- 
1 .53 distance I would 
think. The same idea has created 
them, and the faith which keeps uSr 
lain]) alight and inspires the fifff 
raro's tribute is the same tha: 
the chisel of the sculptor a 
brush of the painter. It is certainly 
a remarkable fact that in Rome 
there is perhaps lew landscape- 
painting than in many other school! 
.ind centres of art, and that, too, in a 
country SO sque, so 1 
that southern bean: 
minous ad and intense 
loring. The human element, 

Ihe religi'.- , as by 

divine right, to blot out every other 



1 « 



ugrimagt through Rome. 



mystic capital, no* of the 

ilone. but of the whole realm 
rllcct. Classicism itself, the 
of the soil, seems an alien 
i here, and one wai 
li miles of antique statuary as 
. some gigantic 
ion of exotics in a northern 
expecting every moment to re- 
nt and more normal 
>hcre. So it is not to be won- 

n art, that so many of 

oking Germans, with long, fair 

id bushy beards, extravagance 

abundance 

shawl serving as an ovcr- 

!.'. lie engaged on S. Jeromes 

Itherincs rather thin on 

ins arc best represt 

ors, and Tcncrani, 
Beni ■ made 

ligious statuary famous through 

aiding the 

ce of the Renaissance, tlu-y 

iturned to the austere ideal so 

ndcrstood by Canova and ex- 

cd in his figures of Justice 

n the tomb of Cl< 

i's — the ideal which 

A Angclo forsook when be 

iced " muscular t i 

L Teuerani's "Ansel of Judg. 

intended for the tomb of a 

in princess, is a magnificent 

i , and 

iblc in expression, 

figure stands as if in the 

read pause before the call, 

in his mighty hand 

impel that is to awaken the 

It is impossible to give an 

impression of this statue, 

nd so simple, with its 

falling straight to 

tortured with a tho: 

lifted wrappings, nor flying like 

froren scarf around the bai 

, as it does on the wretched 



angels whom Bernini has per 
on the bridge opposite the Mole of 
Adrian. The ike statues of 

Christ and his betrayer, Judas, which 
arc placed at the foot of the Seals 
i, one of the most venerated 
shrines of Rome, are also 'I 
handiwork. Judas clutches 8 
money in his ! trial 

to hide behind his back, while his 
bent body and the low an:;: 
ning in his look betray the SOI 
eagerness thru prompts him. Oppo- 
site this statur :ur, 

lie attitude, full and 

repose, is more that of a teal 
judge than of an entrapped vinim. 

En as marble can he god-like, 
this figure borrows something of 
lofty char.u [eristics ol inaJ ; 

and it is to be noticed thai 
Hire can more easily than pain 
attain .mk1i quasi-perfection. 
have all been repeab illy struck by 

the ©Semi I vtSf re- 

presentation ol our I 

. in mar- 
ble, the materia! itself heirs 
or less incapable of sensuous inter- 
pretation. This is very evident in 
entirely or partially 

U are redeemed from the allur- 
ing rcpulsivcncss of the si 
jeeta on canvas i mi- 

nes* of outline and breadth of i 
tour ■•. e of strength rai 

than tenderness, dignity rather tl 
charm. 

One very beautiful group n 
ble was the "Taking down from the 
Cross," which in 1863 was still in the 
atelier of a German sculptor, sr] 
name we have forgotten, 
alistic details, such as the 1 
embedded in the sacred band 
Redeemer, the crown of thorns, the 
tears of the Magdalen who is 
bracing his ft 
and yet not painfully com 

v, bole expression of the artistic- 



8i 4 



An Art Pilgrimage through Rome. 



ally grouped figures was I 
ly l_ B was an- 

r well-known masterpiece, of 
which many fac-similcs by the sculp- 
tor himself were constantly sold to 
rich i or Ruvl-n patroos; 

I was the wonder- 

heir, uj»on which the "roothc: 
all the living " half sits, and \. I 
is chiselled ■■ ate accu? 

The be that of a bcau« 

tiful bather or a grandly moulded 
Venus, save f I pent 

twined around the stump of the tree 
on which she lc 

Gibson, the English sculptor, was 
the apOSt] . ed art of tint- 

ing Be i ontended that 

was the custom of the ancients, and 
brought forward many proofs in 

r of his assertion, notably a 
statue 1 1 ; ; discovered at the 

baths of Livia during our stq 
Koine, and which bore marks of 

ling ami vermilioa on the fringes 

i's studio was 

a pagan temple, the representative 

of classic naturalism, very beautiful, 

but cqu. ■.: 

was the marvel of the London 
Exhibition of i86z, and now he was 
at work giving the finishing touch 
to a very lot 

. was skilfully tinged to a faint 
pink hoe, 10 faint that it suggested 
ivor glow upon it rather 

than actual Beth : and here and there, 
for instance, round the short kirtte 
and on the band around the I 

1, ran a pencil-line of gold in 
delicate tracery. The artist, gray and 
withered, and pacing among his sta- 
tues in a loose sort of iWshabilU, rc- 

of the ancient & 
philosophers discoursing on their fa- 
vorite theories. He was altogether 
a cultivated and charming pagan, 
end b turns of the Greek 

id have deli}:: 

Has, Heapi Bacchus 



to us most cuthusu iwettxf 

on the mistake often made of defia- 
cating him as the bloated god ci a- 
temperanr indulgence 

"I have made him," h 
ing to his statue, c: 

, '• not less beautiful than Ajrf 
lo; for he was the god of youth irt 
nee and song, and oc( 
the type u: y some pe» 

pie would have us believe. He left 
that to Silenus." This statue i 
tinted. Whether the ancients did « 

01 as a rule use color as as id- 
junct of sculpt w 
did, it was only in the dee. 
stage of ai end w 

mind, such a practice 
seriously dctra a the sever 

beauty of statuary. It seems a pan- 
dering to passion, a compromise W 
allure the imagination, and even i 
of weakness on the pit 
of the artist. 

Storj Lmerican sculptor, w» 

and is by far the . 
tivc of secular art in Rome, lit 
two magnificent statues of Cleocotn 

the Libyan Sib] 
of the " Roman Court N in the Loe>- 

• forme 
(or a repkea of it) is in 
ston's gallery of modern 

York. St' . l:ii he- 

roine something cf tin 
type, thereby forsaking the arbitrary 
rule that decreed the Greek type 
only to be le in sculpcsre; 

if he has i | nysieal 

. . he has amply gained in pow- 
er, in his Cleopatra, he has not 
-luptuous worn 

fall of her sovereignty, > 

futurity with g] -utJon; 

for she sees her em; «l,bCT 

- .lily wiped out, 1 
forgotten. We dare not pity I 

te j we can- 
not despise Iter, d that coo- 



vould not reach her. She is 
he tangible embodiment of a 
iplc rather than the splendid 

nd blood ; and 
ily we admire and reverence 
ind arc silent before her impc- 
roc. The Libyan Sibyl is not 
I the QeO] general cf- 

:mc stan 
ol mind on the part of the 

Hoffman, a very different 

! the adopted son of 

jeck, wc remember but one 

at he died be u first 

Rome, a:: 

; of him dates, the 

a somewhat childish period. 

work was the bust of n Madon- 

' i seemed I 
rribable way the softness of 
■aimer's art and the firmness of 
'.ulptor's. The head is slightly 
forward, and the eyes look 
slly down. Over the back of 
•row is 
i by a umple crown of Jt 
The expression is radiant yet 
, and the artist h.is ventured to 
ic help of gilding to cm 
;il and circlet lint bow 
te effect from that produced by 
m's tinting ! The thread-like 
i-v.il ti it cry that forms the 
ich i. and the 

f gold that just defines the con- 
i rown, have not the least 
bing effect in the harmony of 
rholc pure composition. One 
1 think that this v. head 

t while-robed Virgin in I 
lico's fresco in the Convent of 
larco at Florence, translated in- 

ristian art in the department of 

itedbythe 

German school of Ovcrbcck. 

religious painters of the 
XV th centuries, 



quite a study. His entbusi 
planations of his cartoons of the 
Sevi icnts, which were in his 

altlitr at ilie time we visited him. 
were very impressi own ap- 

pearance was Bingularl* in nan 
ny with the tone of his works, and, 
by it 'l: m, could not 

fail to remind one l b i to point as 
he did ia to pray. One most 

at M-.i 
nkh — a half-length Madonna— in 
who i managed to 

all subdued to that 1 
and mellowness which 
to some of the old Pre-Rapha* 
masters, and which al.. 
to our iiiii-.il the til 
aeval stained glass. The Christian 

me lias 
spread far and wi til over 

many, and France i 
found m don. 

The i the Renaissance, 

die school of 
lo, and : lome, rol 

materialities of ev. 
ner of Raphu 
realm of secular art. an 

I of religious chivalry was no 
Ion;;. athlete, the 

some peasant, or the graceful 
odalisque. Many disciples 
the new artistic school, and one of 
these, StitX, of whom wc h 
personal knowl id a 

l'iaua Barberi.ii, ai 

party to tee him, he 
was at work on a beautiful group of 

zone of 
the | a 

ily characd 
signed according ami 

•in of representing 
the owner by theil 
saints. It was destined for t 
chapel in I 
been transferred tlicrc, having I 



St6 



Am Art Pilgrimage tkremgk 



ordered by a enenowB car m rchgioai 
in and ccchaaastjcal archeology. 
The unattoeu aad accuracy of de- 
tail, such as are re quir e d by the 
rmtamrs of S. Outlet Bmoaeo 
(cardinal), of S. Francu of Saks, 
(bishop), and 5. Ids (a Bc icdtniuc 
oaa), we pcrfcd. yet without a trace 
of uiai f.;;i3 ni:^r;.;»:n »'rikli. t ~r- 
the days of tbe Medio, his i 
cd every ideal, sod lowered 
historical dignity to tbelerel of vuj- 
rar domesccty. Tbe tt w mrhes 

OCCCS^AXT tO A K OT IfCt TfTPfTarffawaia'i'sOla 

of such royal garments at are db- 
bactive of S. Constance, tbedaugh- 
ter of tbe Eaiperor Cocstantic- 
Edith, tbe royal Saxon abbes 
Edward the Confessor, who holds ia 
hit baud a model of hts founda t ion, 
WestuunKer Abbey ; aad of S. EUta- 
beth of Hung ary, the qoeesiy ahas- 
giver. whose loaves of bread were 
turned to wreaths of red tote* as ber 
hatha nd was about to upbraid her 
for ber too lavish generosity, are 
alto shown, by tbs success of these 
figures, to have been deep aad pai 
taking- S. Thomas of Caaterbury, 
patroa of the chapel for which the 
akxr-picce was intended, b also very 
b c i mif ii lly represented, tbe palTiiiiii 
aad croiier taahio&y copied, w bile a 
knife, placed transverse ly in th t in- 
terstices of the pastoral staff, points 
oat symbolically tbe manner of hb 
heroic death. Tbe maia figures, the 
Virgin aad Chad, are radtaat with 
heavenly grace as well as ih g n t ty , 
tbe tints of the former's robe being 
exquisite! v delicate, »>"«^««* traasur- 
eat ia their ethereal suggesdveness, 
whde the d b pot r t i oa of the folds b 
botn grave and m od est. The UHla i c 
b oq a cold ground, and divided » to 
three panels by XJIth centary utm- 
aonar of twbted gold, wade the names 
of the saints are inscribed ia Lom- 
bardic characters on tbe breadth of 
the frame. Before we take our Jeave 



of modern art, of which, of eocacn 
lo i : ; rctoaa Id cju pn not 
than a very superficial ssmc 
must not forget the reaiomi swai 
in the Basilica of E. Pa=L 
outside tbe wall* of Rome, aad haj 
beta aic "" -■ pneawj ■ icl«»^ 
ina and emririltthrwrat for c« 
years. The great fire of i&sr, wbtfc 
destroyed the old Bashes, and r»s* 
away the carved cedar roof which «n 
one of its chief gkrtes, caiy rt-an! 
tbe apse mourning tense vsbafl 
mnsairs of the Tbeodoaian period— 
an enthroned Christ, around whta 
was aa bacbptJoo recounting bar, 
the Empress GaBa Habdb aat| 
Pope Leo the Great had fcenioi 
the decorations of the church, asi 
several medallions porpori 
represent the first twenty c- 
popes. Among the renc. vatr 
to be u n d ertak en, that of cpntt a rt g 
tbe series of Papal mosaics becaas 
oae of the foremost. Those pusafi 
of whoa some authentic Ukesea 
remained, whether ia casts, bsn\ 
medah, or on canvas, were rrpre- 
: to these data ; whit, 
for the earlier popes of whom aa re- 
liable memorial was leu, tradhaw 
aad symbolism were appea 
The artists took great pains 
leering and arranging their ■ i f ****) 
the ffvTlirutstiral authorities gave 
them every help and encoungemeat 
hi their power, and the result was a 
sencs of new mosaic medaBk 
rung all round the cave above the 
granite columns, hardly di.- 
able com the IVth century 
and in every respect true to 
most forgotten traditions of tiiis as- 
cicnt branch ot 

Among other praiseworthy restora- 
tions of anftHfl* industry b the 
tabushment of Signer 

- rbt and enthusiast, who 
unrivalled in his .- 
study of Etruscan and Roman je*- 



rvethe 



lere in 

tad s of ko- 

illa, or golden ornaments, 
und the necks of youths be- 

timet! the fogn virifir, ii 

manhood a:: 
>r brooches of 

heads of lions or leo; 
cd with vine-leaf pat:. 

ve rings, and 

vaistbclls, deh'i is of 

nryrtl . hair-pins 

its (those with which Ro- 

re sjk1 to have often 
heir female stsv I fa capri- 
ngcii. londe- 

:weli •: upon 

naments such later conceits 

opriate, CasteUani pro- 
iring 
ek word Atl (for ever) in 
ruscan letters, or the re, 

Amor, HtHfM, etc. Per- 
nnost perfect objects of art 
e necklaces, with their fit 
lora-shaped pendants copied 
asc found in ancient toi 
ich are i! ii known. 

inulated gold-work tiled in 
more solid pieces of 
y b peculiar to Castcllani's 
«t much 
tench, anil patience to bring 
Id standard, of which the re- 
•e also for a long time the 
ipc8. 

sum to Christian art and 
(y origin, we .cannot do 

:r> straight to the rata- 
Apart from their histo- 

. they hive the addi- 
icrit of being the birth-place 
stian symbolism. It should 
k bomc in mind that art is a 

a end. If it aims 

beauty, it degi 

the level of a common trade. 

ration should come from on 

id i; I > lift the 

ret xvii.— 5; 



•sublime thou 
gan the art of tl 

1 minently symboU- 
like the language ol Chi 
self in the 1 

vena the Old 

lament. 1 our rea- 

ders too Ion.' in pW] 

ling like an adequate examl 
1 11 hi of the various types found in 
the catacomb*. The good di 

led by hi 
bolizins; the church; Moses striking 
the rode, symbolising the grace of 
the sacraments, particularly 
and Jonas saved Rem the wl: 
and ler the mh 

gourd, typifying the resurrection 

me of the 
most oft-repeated subjects. 
■ plication of the loaves . 
constantly reci 
the eucharistic sacrifice and 

. the sacrifice of ti and 

the sacrament of ;. of the 

Lord under the aj ; 
The Deluge and Noe's ark 
qucntly depicted, for the sale 

HI they contain — that of the 
ii alone saving the human 1 

amid the gem 

The fish is a double symbol, the five 
letters of the Greek ring 

the Initials of the following woi 
Jesn Son (of) 1 

which form a complete conk 
faith ; and the animal itself, capable of 
existing only bi the 
that by baptism alone A 
tian soul live. iis fish is 

put for Chrial himself; as in two 1 
ancient O it is 

•one swimming in the water, 
ing a ship (the church) 
back, and In the other be 

1 of bread, the type of the 11 
Fuel 1 This symbol of the 

was so univc: I bc- 

ie so 6xe<l In men's minds, that 
it or 'if (he epl 



ilgrimagt through Rome. 



pal seal, which was an fash- 

ioned like a pointed oval or Ogi 
In many frescos, a female figure is 

■ ted with o»tstr<: uidta 

sign nk| the church 

in prayer, or, U others say. 
Mother 

Among tiic Christ 

ivere 

cnt; a dove often represented 
the spirit at peace 

frequently the only epitaph on a 
Christian's tomb).. -ind . ura 

phcenix, immortality. Here (be re- 
collections o: i were su 
to i doeti net, and] like ihe 
convened temples, did duty in the ser- 

of truth. A curious instance of 
this issc frequent rccurri 

of the myth of Orpheus depicted in 
the frescos of the catacombs, the 
i fpherd with his lyre standing 
1 i, who by the magic ol 

doctrine g«cc tames the 

passions of man, as Orpheus 
lam 

In the earlier liescos, we see traces 
of the puie Greek models of ancient 

ling; the graceful draperies, the 

id m <>f I'om- 

Bt there is nothing im- 

rjuxfc Ives 

are already ol a gravet and nuijler 

type. In the later paintings, the 

Bty of detail and ornamentation 

grows less, but the gras: . yet 

There is ■ in 

'.ion in art, but the indelible stamp 

of Christ already impressed 

;he struggling types of a more 

iture. U m Biting that 

Christianity should only use pagan 

luen ns a 

. true, but 

destai — and si i 

re u a structure wholly her own. 

Tim- ii' mi her inspiration rose a new 

ure purely Christian; new 

attssuch as stained glass- making ; in 

literature, new languages capable of 



more 

tcresting t Rome t 

dition of Christian art so unlwokea. 
and e to be able to compete 

I a revert 

same sentiment in the new Gernua 
From the Ax u£ 

San Clcmentc to the school i : 
beck the ti 

■t gass- 
ing both pi Tfce 
seed '. 
Gian Belli 
ClO, < I 

was destined indeed to be crushed 
tor full four ccntu: 
glorious harvest lus the brats? 

iiepro- 
. ntury, nooe 
to our mind ever d< I its repo- 

larter so well a 
tnd Gothic re 
ig the human mind back 
'. of the early church.* 
We do not speak of the 

ed galleries Ol rgbesc, 

or Corsini palaces, i 
i Rome I 
as well as we do ; nor of the Stasn 
of Raphael in the Vatican 
studied perhaps less than 

lould probably otfcca 
many • 
doing. Tb 
der our eyesweri 
chapel and in S. Peter's, ami 
former a n 

in our mind. Thi 
leal of art is there utterly »*> 
latcd by a paint 

a most fervent I riaiBB, 

The ■ 
■ 
us an athlete enthroned, in the plate 



• The rtad 

<oau of to «i! t. 
<~j Aug., ,»?,. a 
hmCtm 



iml I t — * 




iowe. 






irist the Judge ; and wcarchap- 
reflcct that his ual i on- 

>n ' majesty was 

ent i .'in. 

Htiuret in S, Pd '■■]■<■ <>ne, 

ill mosaics, and a m 
us ti. ■ ion. 

cnichino's Communion of S. 
nc espe* i 
d in this perplexing matciial 

any one not forewarned will 
r dream that he is looking on 
ling but The single 

►tton is the picture opposite the 
I S^xila Maria, and repre .<. 
idgmeut that befell Ananias and 
t»ira. 

all monuments of early Chris- 

■)'■ "' 

of art, none standi more i 
ous than tiie church of San 
lentc, served by the Irish Do- 

;ans, and under English pro- 
>n. I 'he discovery of the 

uean frescos, da< 

the dap of S. Clement, the 

1 successor of S. PetCT, was an 
tB ill ccclesia.-.. 

eology. Believed to have been 
iteol nt's on n dwelling, 

lo hare originated in an oratory 
dished there by himself, the 
ica of S. Clement is of a high 
[uily. There are proof* of 
encc in 417, when 'osi- 

chosc it as the scene of his con- 
jstion of thr 

his date :>outs may be 

red a< . .:. Byzantine Madonna 
esco; and the learned and en- 

I tic F. Muilooly has built upon 
pparcnt coincidence a very 
u! and met theory. 

C very dii 

n the head* of S. Catherine 
uphemia, with hair flowing down 
their jewelled crowns — i.e. hu- 
, nature decker! with the j 

'. the 
Itenance of Our 1 



in a mass of ornaments, without a 
single lock appearing — i.e. human 
nature totally transformed by grace — 
indicates the limner's scope." And 
again : " All the gifts of grace are 

Tied by the Deck 
and theimnic 

crown, borne by Our 
Lady." We hear of & 
silica again in 600, of its being re- 
stored in 795, and, a century latet 
(85s), of its being in '* good order." 
not accurately known whether' 
it was de by the earthquake 

of 896 or in the wars of Robert 
Guiscard and Pope Gregory VII. in 
10B4. At any rate, it disappears 
from history after this last convulsion, 

ixiatence 
proved by F. Mo i ceasfid 

rations. He has published a 

, upon the subject, conspicuous 
fur enthusiasm and archaeological ac- 
curacy. Many portions of the Ba- 
silica were found ; rfect 
preservation, the columns especially 

• 
costliness, both as to material and 
workmanship. But the frescos arc 
the most important part of the silent 
testimony uth borne by 

this unci: 
from the apostolic age. One in par- 

.r we commend to the notice of 
■uch advanced Anglicans as proclaim 
the " R to-day to 

be other thai, | 
of the fit iturics. It rcprc- 

s3t 

a small, square altar. W« quote V. 
Mulloul)'h literal descriptkiD : " 
central compartment represents 
interior of a church, from lite art 
of » 

symbolizing the seven gifts of 
Holy I • ■ »t over the altar is 

ulai in form,* 1 .^er titan 

• \\ .r mite the circulir **■[>• tot* 

•oleuiyn. the other lull, mil lo 

<l«nuic ihe ««r*ilj of «ho ck«ch. 



I 



magr tkr me. 



.. ami contains i 
ratably typical of the seven 

giftsof the same Holy Spirit. A 
tasius the librarian, who lived in the 
IX t! , make* mention of this 

form of lamp, and . pharum 

turn (oren* — a lightii lh 3 

crown — a crown from its form, B 
lighthouse from the brilliancy of the 
light it emitted. that 

it wi K in all the 

Christian chtn i dement 

his jjotuifical robes ( r. a chasuble, 
an alb, etc., and m<*t« particularly 
a pallium), is ol at the 

altar, over whii 
Clemens, Jhfa—Vapt S. Clemen 
is v, o the for I of a cross. 

He has the maniple between the 
than forefinger of the left 

hand. The altu is covered with a 
plain white doth, and On it arc the 

al, the chalice, and paten. The 
missal is open, and on one page of 

re the word?, Domir.us vob. 
i- The Lord be with yea' >, which 
the saint is pronouncing, his anus 
extended, as Cuhol do 

even to this day when sting 

other page ar.- 
word?, I'ix Domini sit semper : 

(•• lTic peace of the Lord be 
ever with you"). These two phrases 
were introduced into the liturgy of 
the church by S. Clement himself, 
and arc still retained. On the I 
Of the taint arc his ministers — nai 
ly, two 1 nicrs La their 

left hand*, a deacon, and 
con. They all have the cir 
tonsure (thj distinguishing mark of 
the Latin rite), and thi in ad- 

Dn to the tonsure, has the nlnil 
or glory, the symbol of sanctity."* 
the neighboring fresco of the life 
and dug, the Pope, 

ice, n depicted again in sim- 
ilar 1 garments, and is nt- 

• ' ' '•'. Ci'rmenl, /»*/# 4*S .Vartjr, 

fUA.i Unit in ml K*mt. 



-bearers. I foe, 
re the hanging lamps, four in 
•r; the clerics, to the number 
of twenty, all wear the circular too- 
sure, and the pope has i 
a con i mitre. It Is notice- 

n thc^c early fretc 
shape of the Ian 

and the fashion of the vestments, 
chasuble, alb, altar-cloth, and mitre, 
ate exactly such as repro- 

duced in the Er ablUb- 

ments of Hardman 
Browns, of iter and l; 

ham— the Myle now called Gothic 
F, Mullooly notices the la'. 
of these mural decorations in 
significant They apj 

of a st 
about the same hen the 

were fresh, t a must 

have mt appear- 

ance very dill, 

tanical baldness which some sup- 
pose, but very falsely, to hare been 

tdtfiUd ■ 
walls in the early ages." A fuller 
investigation would reveal tu 

by hu 

ty of the chui lenient ami 

that of Pius IX. ; and, indc< 
chicfl) : all candid 

- to the sob- 
terrani In the late Ba- 

built over the ruins of I 
ly one arc many objects of artistic 
interest, notably the chapel of S. 
Catherine 
life painted in 
the walls, and 
■ 
with the two ami 
marble desks, for the reading of the 
Gospel I 

gcther with the enclosure, which b 
raised a stq> or two he level 

nave, are be 

■ 
types of birds, beasts, and • 



To bt ForgivtH. 



we trace that departure from the 

of the monotonous ... 
th us-leaf which was to 1 
into such wonders at the- Culm 
of Cologne. Chatties, York, and 
.cos in Sl Cathe- 
rine'* chapel it would take too long 
10 describe; a medallion head of 
Ihe saint is especially noticeable for 
its great purity of outline and ex- 
pression, and the heavenly sugges- 
tivcness which h 

bnman beauty. In a cursory 
sketch such as this, it is impossible 
to do justice to a subject so v.v 
Roman art, and we have therefore 
embodied in it but a few of our 
sonal rccoliecli I he di 

prcssions, however, <. m never be 
toM in words. No one who 

::d Rome can ever succeed m 
fully expressing all his sen! 
there arc undcfmublc sensations I 



will assert themselves, though the 
visitor should strive to the utr..os 
i and stifle them; there an 
rid influence- 
infidel, the Put ;ho- 

alike, though the first will not 

acltnowle 1 

too much human reipect to 

put them into tangible shape; still, 
exist none the less strongly 
may be. r fruit when least ex- 
pected. 

much of ■ 
in the tale c. any traveller's life to 
be passed o : in silence, and one 
might say of s charm I 
what Rousse j i caused to I 
on the pedesl I <■■■■ of Eros 

set up in hi* g.ounds near Geneva: 

'• Pxnant. mloic . vt.kl t;.n mttN ; 
II IV.. I< Mi.ouloduiiauc. - " 

(■• Piwlng. adore : fethoM thfsij. 
Il« u, he in, or be ought t» be."> 



TO BE FORGIVEN. 

I call thee " love "— " my sweet, my dearest love," 
Nor feel it bc-M, nor fear it a deceit : 

forget not that, in realm 
The throne; of Seraphs are beneath thy feet. 

If Queen of angels i unless: 

And so of mine— i must needs 

Adore .cess 

What cannot sate the rapture that it feed*. 

And then thou ait my Mother vet mine 1 

Of mothers, as of virgins, first and b 
: I as tenderly, intimately thine 
As He, my Broth< ic breast. 

[f mine the right 
To call thee this, D to muse and sigh 

AH other honeyed names. Asia ■'■.' — 

A ion, I must. And both of these am I. 



822 



filers *nd Travelling. 



TRAVE1 WD TRAVELL 



COJKM'UKU. 



Another shrine most welcome to 
all who have made a retreat in a 
house of the Jesuits is the grotto of 
Madnsa. I *eat to Spain to 

. spot I was enchanted 
with the wondrous appearance of 
Qtsemt, the most unique moun- 
tain, perhaps, on the globe. It looks 
like some enormous temple or Val- 
halla built b. I I in 
honor of their gods. Picture to 
yourself a high tableland, ami imag- 
ine this surmounted by the Giant's 
Causeway (wherewith doubtless you 
are familiar from the gcogr 
plates), and this again crowned by 
a multitude of icebergs or by 
lossal models of the Milan Cathe- 
dral, all forming a structure 
thousand feet in height and some 
miles in extent, situated in a beau- 
tiful country of rounded hills — the 
Switzerland of Spain — which make 
the great mountain more sin. 
and imposing by the contrast. You 
may thu i idea of Montscr- 
rat, which the pious Cualonians say 
wis thus rent • thunderbolts 
of Cod at tl i i, a la- 
ws shrine of the Blessed Vii 
Hint : thirteen I 
tages form ted, but were 
destroyed by the French revolution- 
ists. To the shrine of Mary the 
converted Knight of I-oyola rcpiircd 
for his general GDI then, 
retiring to an open carera in the 
side of a rocky hill, | the 
sublime mourn he enter- 
ed on the famous retreat which re- 
sulted in that grc 

hial Exercises. It was delightful to 
say Mass in that c iven rj in 



its original narrow nakedness, mil 

the Mass sei aun 

from New Granada, him 

grim to this holy place; t 

same shelf of r 

written that celebrated book p 

ed by so many popes, and which 

■ 
ing war- 

But the House of Retreat. 

: 

roi i, was changed from in 

I purpose, and, 
while b 

nov. 'Je- 

suits, in cmj i 

its chapel in runs, 
its library scattered, 
open to the elements. Here, at tie 
shrine to 

order in the of Sjws 

. 
irit at the :erc 

atius had received a rac 
11 on high, no one nov 
other in 
who is allowed, by connivance 1 1 
police, to sw( 

for the cl irch- 

cs of the society Deft] 

o trace of their posses- 
sion ; and of two hundred J i 
were formerly 

i two lay brethren arc 
ing on alms, and residing in a n 
wretched lane than could be fouaJ 
w York. 
No Jesuit, Dominican, Francis- 
■ n to-day 
tr the dress o( rheir 

property was confi 

■ 
live in community or receive none 



and no com] -en them 

for the mean! whereof they 

were deprived. Such is a pi 
of religious life in that once most 
y, which controlled the 
empire of the world nhen she was 
most 1 to the church. In 

conversing with a young eo 

guided roe to the mean «; 
ing of the J . pain of 

dark stairs, he said : " I 

I the decay of faith and incrcas- 
ption of morals, and all ac- 
nowlcdge that the church militant 
weak lrhi d of 

; services-: 

light relate visits to oil i 
des 

d at Burgc- 

llie beauty of Switzerland, the i 
iiy of the 

■n of SS. 
Peter and Paul at 
I 
I have only desired to illusti 
a little the pleasure of travel, not 
describe everything, which were 
«iblc. So ( 

pCO- 

their condition, like that of cer- 
■scs in i 

Dual 

at neither in morals, learning, nor 
happiness. 

icrs for health, -, or 

sure are not excluded from the 
images sought by those 

inow- 
llge. If one 

. he can- 
pa great deal of use- 
'journ 
that 
■ 
cied the necessary finish to a 



young man's education ; and I would 
go so fir as to say that no one can 
I nd to the appella: 

I he has 
I, or at : with 

the people a 

■> of other : • oper 

StUii 

Hence in the knowledge of roan- 
i . after the knowledge of Cod and 
of «df, th.it constitutes It 

alone, nor yet lan- 
guages, nor skill in trades nor navi- 
gation : it is to know our condition, 
and capacity, and (hat 

of other countries ; to know « hat in 
law and governim : coodo- 

circ t:> the sot uess. not • 

the material advancement; to 
eternal weal, i rmporal 

•ment only of our I 

know- 
ledge, as well as the pleasure toe 
sage finds in tl l.>m, 

ticss it w nt our gl 

Sec: ward, in old 

- uf the • ild. 

It wis this tl • iUcc- 

tors of l< 

ilahedboi 
ravel aii her 

peoples. I: ikes the 

heirs of princely houses set out on 
the tour a and Am- 

even Asia, on the coruplctii >i , 
college courv- 

stand !'■ amongst the 

nations. U brings 

acute and ambitious Japanae aa 
.dobe in sea re i 

taftjr 
see the truth 

own. 
In order to attain the ohjtex of 
such a journey, we must observe 
certain caoditi.ns. i - rsa 

place, we should, if possible, know 
son>e of the languages of the cotan- 
which we intend 




Hers and Trmtttlimg. 



!y be understood the: 
li as, for instance, the French in 
many. etc.. the Italian in 
Spain, Greece, awl Egypt We are 
otherwise necessitated to depend on 
mediation of a class often found 
faithless iii its duty of exact interpre- 
tation. The interpreter, or tutrwte, 
cry likely to digest the informa- 
• r to qualify 
which he imparts according to the 
supposed tajacity or - of 

his . and, for fear of ofTcnd- 

n he expects more 
money, emctimes tell an 

• 
come truth. Most u i he 

fed with the sweet 
son of falsehood rat the 

tinness of troth. V 
can he gain by travel ? 

An Irish bishop, standing ! 
the picture o. yrdom of SS. 

the 
Vatican, heard i young 
ask her fathc; 

inting. •• That's the Inqui- 
101 ; they arc torturing 
pco| look- 

ed Iflte a nan who should lu 
how to read, ami the name ol 
wis on the frame undu: 
but it is quite possible tl 

they 

have been known to ; 1st U 

malicious. 

[he second place, the traveller 

must bear in mind that his own na- 

i does not monopolize the good- 

■ or common sense of the world, 

l:gible or 

m of other o 

tries may appear to him, the | 

sumption is in their favor; hence, he 

• never ridicule anything, never 

Bor- 
is rem. :•. l.ttlc cx- 
to the knowledge 
of many excellent tilings that he 
dreamt not of before, remembering 



that, - 

drcn a it to boors t- 

an clans 
ed person. We shou> 

med to learn, nor therefore M 

1 -ankuj 

insoo) said it wa- 

means he gained so much taforso- 

- thoald be oo mcrr 

' - man should be j 
know bis own trade I 
others not of it. I 
supposing 

others know-nothings, that keeps 
■gaoraat 
Finally, a great s 
'ng ► [.eoj-'o 

tainel 

self in their place." We will tail 

were in their pi 
would do , orpohtpi 

would not have done so well as wi 

rerem 
us forming wry wrong itnp.- 
of a government or a people 

■ ravening 
we were subjei ineoB- 

rcguLitimn, 
and were 

people, until some one n 
cd the 

:it had fclt itself constn 
ise on the line of the Potomac 
the suspension of the 1 1 

the imprisonment i 
■ niter our or.: ,ad wr 

were 

also <. Tilled as she * 

the adherents of three rantendmf 
politic.-.l parties, and her t 
in part occupied by a 
When we noti 

and see what is the corresposcicf 

advantage. Thus, one i 



Utrs and T. ■ 



irick and mar Italy. 

him wait til. . and be 

ike them ; or let him reflet; 
immunity from conflagrati 
tl is due to them, anil then say 
: adoption ol oring in* 

of wood bnol v to 

or safely. " Dutii 
»irty-fire years in Florence, I 
' not .1 single house to have 

bin v, 1: i| i I nam 

•r», the sculptor, testifies. Iii 
manner, Dickens was not very 
t taken with tl ■ streets 

peculiar build of 
rb, yet he adds : '• I little 
r,ht I ■■': >f:ir I would 

the very nseia 

enoa." When had Suit- 

id on his return horn!?, he 
llbt pleased with the neatness 
people, etc. ; but still . . . 
il Italian manners, the 
tge, the quick rccogni- 
leasaot look or ctu 
, the captivating expression of 
lire to oblige in everything, arc 
>chind the Alps. Kemcinber- 
!icm. I Hghcd foi the dirt again, 
wick arc walls, unplas- 

ceilings, and broken windows." 
le of the great advantages we 

ricans, just as Olivers, gain by 
lling is impi 

:■■:, which is the foundation- 
of wisdom — beginning to look 
■twelves as it were from a dis- 
t, and to sec 8 as we 

een 
; of ihe poet 

! tome r-otwr ihr qmip ?lo ut 

.uii<i5»»iir>M» v .-■ 

wad (rie muny a blunder lr«o us 
An.ll.-> ■ 

lien we compare the institu:' 
xign with 

iwn, »c learn a juster i 
of each, and to remedy 

r our own, if need be. On the 
ie nothingness, of the to- 



tal Europe, and 

of the stat The 

one 
in I . 

I the 
r, not apj '.fun love of 

the law, but out of feat, just as all 
the st'uool-boys quake when one is 
subjected to the pedagogue's scru- 
tiny. I was in Prance during Na- 
poleon's I now under 
and it seemed to me 
people it was all one; 
they fear whoever is in power. On 
ng at Calais, our names were 

i na- 
tion feared the entrance of some 
certain individuals who were only 
known to it by name. I gu 
persons would hardly give their 
names in such a rase, in Irch 

SO little respect is had fur the people 

that they are I ins; 

I gun, one must have a 

written license from the agents of 

■ government. Tl 
in most of those count; huge 

cks of the standing armies, 
Dg up hundreds of thou- 
sands m icalthy youth, and 
upting the trict 
wherein i 

to insult ihe people, and to say: •• i, 

you don't be quiet, well <- ! .ii you t" 
pieces." And then 
strut along in idleness, or kill i 
by balls, parlies, and 
while the masses are sweating to 
port them, or dying >or- 

orn out in ugglefor 

existence. Of course, there is some 
palliation for this, ern- 

BKBtS of Europe arc afraid of each 
other, and many of them are a:. 

pie, too. God gn 

that wc may never fear a fori 

have a 
emra 

do not I it if it is insulting 



.- and Ti 



to our manhood to be forbidden rO 
keep arm*, it is certainly wrong for 
as to all; iftian to have his 

load r\ his pocket, 

have a statute fbrbsd- 
ding ige of concealed i 

From the exactness wherewith the 
public honor is guarded and the 

in Eng- 
-onc of those circumsta:. 

as gold in 
any |«irt of the work! — vre may leam 
to coned come of our insane, mi- 
ll at 

hojne, which is destroying all sc« h- 

rity Km life and property, and mak- 
ing us a by-word among the 
tions. When the learning, 

maturity, and integrity rcqi 
tlie judge , we be- 

gin to see how wrong it is to render 
competition for this high Ctati 
jeet to the briber)' of low politic: 
whereby, as we all know, men who 
shon d aa criminala are 

fnetimes found seated on the 

my friends! if you but 
knew what ridicule and cor.temji 
democratic institutions some of tfa 

■ 

many excellent persons look 
in their approach, . 
cannot apprc I . • r worth 

beauty when they behold these, how- 
, results of their 
working. Often had ne to try and 
correct unfavorable impressions aris- 
ing from tl e bet "ikii. Ben 
being allowed to Boorish amongst us, 
and to ruin I or public credit by their 
gam; or bribery ; 
and when one of them is, out of pii- 

and lawless revenge, m 
by another, how uncertain n 
whether the criminal shall be hanged 
or restored to society! When they 
tee hew ve assemble to hear lec- 
ture-, b divoroed G 
their husbands, and aba liv- 



ing with a paramour, while protes- 

■rs bless such I 

union, associated though it be « ; .!h 

ry and murder, ia it a wooda 

increase 

in their respect iciacjr 

Hut tl in abroad . 

the lethargy which the < 

K things throws over him a! 
: and to see the 

the I 
I. God g 

I one goes abroad, he is apt » 
lie that no count: 1 . 

any sense as our an, 
and that, how objet soens 

some of our practices may appear. 
c corresponding ones in Eu- 
rope must be intolerably more sa 
Mow surprised we -uaee, 

iig encounter, 
■m-housc 

the politeness of whose 06- 
ccrs is often g; n you cc« 

meet with here eve:. 

in gain by your visit, ne re- 
turn home, and i »nb 

demonstrations of < 
York institution! At I : 

puts the chalk cross on your baggage; 
ily asks il ytuBS 

dutiable, ai 
answer; or, at ti. 
your baggage, . 
don for the trouble I 
France "likewise, or; 
asked I 

.•wards. 
How different in cur si 

ivclter, riri- 

obliged to siga * 

statement, liable to be cot 

an oath, to the effect that he carties 

ren a preset* 

wife or scitc: 

baggage. is examine be bad 



Travellers and Travelling. 



made do declaration at all. If the 
examination is to follow, t! ■ 
Unnecessary and therefore sinful. If 
the oath is accepted as true t 
raoii' I insulting to esao 

as if it were di • .!, or as if the 

government wished to detect people 
rjury. I read the experience of 
i ustom -house, 
where the officer insultingly took a 

in image of the crudl 
Son of God ' — out of tl and, 

holding it on high, asked him nhai it 
was! In Alexandi -hey 

examined h;i person, pocket, 

toroach, so that he cried 
out: "What! Is it contraband to 
,tc a stomach ? Is there an] 

fixed for it? Arc there 
any duties to be paid on it?" At 
leu! there was no tampering with an 
oath in these cases. Such excesses 
are biamable anywhere, but they are 
intolerable in a republic 

Another contrast unfavorable to us 
e of the traveller, 
at least in this regard : in Continen- 
no man has to stand 
even iicre, not 

onl> rcet cats, where it may 

be explained, but often on the cars 
of s- i l railroads, 

must stand in ig. The i 

number of places is marked in 
■, and the people behave as if 
were what we claim to be— 
dual sovereigns"; if one man it 
ut e company i 

find him one or put on an 
Par different from li- 
ves of monop 
..let a co 
•.hat we dare not open 
tnoml 

n we see how the people of 
.Europe 

days, innocent pi 

run- ration in seeking after 

ig occasional noli- 
• D T popular amusements foot 



and boatracing, conning, holding 

cricket-matches open to |l 

(free of < 

spotl we begin 

feel how absurd tl is to be 

burning out our 1 r 

of age, to bri. cms bodies by 

excessive labor, heaping up riches 

which we thin ves from 

enjoying, to rash through our « 

: we were laying up capital for a 
Ihw* ten, 

of 

all these things we find that we have 

much to learn and to i and 

!, on the one hand, we fed our 

■es, »t : otd, 

on tl cry silly 

saying, that of oobboy: 

"That no one should stay in Europe 

now, , to come lo 

• i a." 

-il of 

prejudices by going al: 
finds 

it from »i 1 by 

his training to expect; and I 

JOWti i:«ed 

formerly to lead tl ted 

> tl>e truth. 
of high rank and 
in her day M ' ca, 

^ II.. 
v -r system 
Dt possibly pel omr 
is so cruel ai hat 

» our lady - 

1 

things a". 

res, and, of 

abominations." The rardinal en- 
deavored to remo»c from the lady s 

6c- 
ti.-.n and calumny bad associated 
with the very harmles institution of 
modern times; bat his success was 
not altogether complete. 
said be, " sroald your ladyship wish 
to see the head of this di 






bunal ?" - all things; and 

I should l>e niou grateful lo you 
for affording mc the ■<■}'■" 

Oil had better come hen 
such an 

ami I see this ciemcm. 

>U can then jti 
of the i i from its chief." 

The lady was true to her apt' 
toent, all ani tier pror.. 

ih the grand u 
'Hie cardinal, who was alone at the 
time of her arrival, received hii 
itor with I courtly manner, 

,j;ed her in a . on 

the utters of the day. The 

lady soon became Jutnut, and at 
length t >ur eminence will 

pardon mc, hut y 

that you were 10 gratify a woman'* 

■• How vu kbit, my 

lady ?" •' Why, don't you rc:i 

ber you assured me I was to sec the 

Grand Inquisitor of the Holy 

fice?' v, and you have 

seen him, 1*1 said, in the 

manner. " Seen 

hint!" exclaimed the lady, look 

round ti> iCDt. " I see no one 

" Quite true, 

l you that you 

should meet the head of the ttibunal 

at which you have becu told such 

wonderful tales; and I have kept 

c you beli 
grand hiqui.-. n what 

know of him, you may judge of the 
institution." " Vou, cardinal — you 
the : ' Well, I amsurpri- 

Her Ladyship might hare added: 
-And converted, too," which she 

The Catholic is confirmed in his 
faith when he witnesses the piety of 
Ireland and Belgium ; sees the wealth, 
position, and learning of the children 
of the church in other nations, 
en he visits the chapter -home in 
the i Westminster, where. 

under the wings of the church, the 



Travrllnt and Travelling. 




House of Commons i mp 

signs, tin 

does more to con-. 

. free 

is than all that has bees 

■ he 

beholds,' in t oKeje of 

the Propaga: enta of i 

color, tongue, and clime, uriited in 
prayer and study, 

the one same ; 
land, he real; 

ity of the 
he undi 
i 

L-re we believe, hut in Row 
wc sec." rotn the practice of 

heretics he takes B if attach 

and when bt 
sees how in Irelao I 

avoid the co:it.ict « 'lid 

their belief, support schools of taez 

own all the « 

the national education, he 

more the wisdom of the Cathek 

prelates in condi-i* cth- 

• .n. 

natj of our country, 
the member of the legislature, the 
to learn in the cus- 
toms which ive ssac- 
tioned; and thus the -of 
each u import- 
ant and all-! 

f Swiutf- 
rand, Bavaria, the sou «st 

of France, etc, that people are just 
as prosperous , and heal 

without the ; . nc«5 

invi 

Ic ourselves; while 
English manufacturing towns 
nuke him slow to iuch trust 

in ii ■ whic i no* 

so much mental \ iU 

bodily disease; h.. so murJi 

to destroy the lib. i independ- 

ence of the pco; lis} 

the private tradesman anil 



Travellers and Travelling. 



yrannotsmono mdhave, 

rar very circumstances . 
ie, occasioned such an increase 
(morality in populations hcrcto- 
utcoi Having observed 

in tin ir hones, be understands 
r the circumsl motives 

1 influence men of different na- 
lity and religion, and H 
rm a more correct judgment <>f 
tdopted citizens, BO matter G 
land. When he sees the misery 
e Irish people at home — a con- 
:nce of English misrule — he ran 
r Understand why they lake re- 
in the deltuivt 
are ! >vcrty of : 

»t conveniences and much more 
: purer pleasures of life ; nay, he 
•n asi I hat, with 

nspeakable wretchedness of the 
Ie, they are so honest that, in 
laritimc city of Cork, the doors 
ften scarce more than btcht 
bo wanting in cool, calculating 
:c that, with all the strictness of 
Kngl . judge* 

di, it is forty yean since a man 
iccn found guilty of wilful mur- 
!i that handsome town. 1 
tgratian outrages arc mitigated 
jf view when wc consider that 
partake of the "wild justice of 
ige," and the political disturb- 
s have their spring nf action in 
"if the nol rations of the 

mi soul. He is even disposed to 
rather than condemn or deq 
lish when they here become the 
Of infamous paJilii . feet- 

liovr easily explained this is in 
;ase of <•■ ople, such as 

: of them arc (not one in five 
hoiv 1 before or enter- 

i town except on a i 
cnU tive 

th of the American laborer, to 
ordly exercise of politii 
exposed to the new and c 
Ig influences of a great capital. 



lilt when the A traveller 

tnee! people of Ireland, and 

is to respect their ji 
gencc, and urbanity ; when he sees 
what a dutiful, sober, con* 

man the -Irish pi ■. a* 

cxem . the cm. of 

whom I always heard th; md 

all travellers speak in the 

• will look kindly on the 
faults of the err ex- 

pectation that, when hii te is 

passed, lie will stand in the Bnrt rank 
of the citizens of the republic. 

it •.". i ! i be a pleasure for roe, and I 
trust may not i >le to the 

readei 

touch on this subject of the Irish 
blood in my 
own vein • I had a great 

with the country, i m„'i ial- 
tt hearing the voice of Cath- 
olic Ireland crying in our American 
wilderness so eloquently, and was 
iitcd when, on the 21st of June, 
her shore ea in all 

m of sunlight, balmy and 
verdant freshness, like Venus fi 1 
the deep. From (bur in the morn- 
ing, we had thai . land i-i 

view, and all day long our ej 
ed on its charms, as we stopped to 

n 
entertained by the beautiful Cove of 
Cork anil the nt ; 

and, when the full nioiu 

:!y in the calm Atlantic, wc en- 
joyed the spectacle at midnight of 
rting light in the west and the 
first iks of day in the e 

It was such a day and such a night 
as one might well go t 
miles to enjoy. I do not wish to 
speak of the scenery 01 ilry; 

is well enough known. I only 
desire to testify to my experience of 
the pi 

Nearly six months wc dwell in the 
fair city of Cork, one of the 1 
beautifully situated I ever beheld- 



TrcvtlL-rs and Travelling. 



mil I never by any arridenl heard 
profane or obscene language in 
town at 

raft New York for a 
week, and relate each an experience ? 
I « j* edified by the venerable pre- 
sence of the faith in this people, as 
fresh and strung as ever to-<iajr. Yon 
might compare it to a flourishing 
young oak that springs oat from 
body of an old, and furrowed, and 
blasted trunk, itself as beautcoas as 

. did not come from snch am. 
roots, and were not vegetating with 
the selfsame inextmgatsbed life of 
the patriarch]] tree. How nvocb to 
(be honor of the nation that she has 
transmitted without a break the ton- 
sccretioa which the hands of Patrick, 
Malachy, and Laurence laid upon 
her hierarchy, 

people have been obliged to scud 
abroad lot pastoral unction ! It is 
most cdifiiog to see the congrega- 
tions at Mass, and to hear the load 
murmur of faith and adoration at the 
deration of the Host. It is beau* 
tu'ul to see them stop at the church 
to pay a roat of a minute as they 
[ass on their way to work, or at 
least to take the holy water at 
the door. Drivers, policemen, men 
cleaning the streets, all classes are seen 
I was coming out of a 

rch one day in winter, and i 
a child's maid with ■ her 

arms, kneeling in the damp, wet 
porch, ; Why don't 

e wet here,- I 
said. " I was afraid the child ■ 
make vm> much noise, sir 1" It was 
a weekday, and there were a- 
few pence 

The good, simple, p eaceab l e roan 
of The fmitatu* ef Ckriit is found 
in Ireland, I met one of these — a 
learned, pious prudent priest, yet as 
Je in worldly ways as a child, 
ai-.d a.-n : of oar mod- 

em progress, bat courageous as a 



martyr when called on in cowl fcr 

testimony involving his priestly dus- 

I met another man, a hj- 

man, a pore Celt, strong and rigor- 

iglity years of age, wtaple it 

et and dre«. Laglai 

poorly, but Irish fluently an 
he walked at sixty years oi 
many miles in three days . and 
at last his son, a roan of twenty- 

red, he took him on his 
and kept on. Such a man 
Abraham have been. 
his parish priest said to him 

• I'm glad to see you, Ji 
1 hope to see you o 

live long tti inspire and 
courage me and our peopk 
example died 

Ijwrencc, Mass., and t 
son v: -e old man at Imbk: 

ther asked for the holy niter, 
and washed her face i 
' us, blessing us. 
duec her body sli 

carried to the g 
of her own flesn and blood, : 
cd us to :. t.> ti:eetst 

\Ve turned her, and w e 
had gone asleep, but it was the lag 

of death I" Such . 
■ 
patient and chiL sickness sli 

rhey nev« i xm, h* 

always say, •• 'Tis the will of God." 
In YVatcrford, one awful, snowy day, 
I was much sti ialojoe 

arc you. Mary ?' 
Denis, oi. 
mattes. 

iu can't con 
able to be ab«>: 
you had the wrctchi 
and he had on, and robsfct/ 

empty stomachs, I i , wo«U 

have been i 

:••■■: ■• ->i : • ; i '.< r. : .jnation. 

I never, by an 
one so ill dad here as I saw theft 




the snow they had no shoes 
rclothmg. 

any wow . that the 

>f Montakmbert ••■■ 
d by veiling such a country ? 
Irs. Oliphant says in ha Aftmeir, 
had seen a worshipping n 

had been iii.t|>ir- 
f the sight, and all 
hail flower.™ 

other spectacle that entertained 
re was that of an Kltlen maid* 
r an American ! 
ee a gid of eighteen or twenty 
so modest and artless 
There is a charm about such 

^icems God 

i ioeb in I 
notices the same gentl 
j contrasts beau .what 

avc so mo 
feature of which Shakespeare 

in expre 
. harm teristically by my« 

»' How cjuick these girls would 
band in America!" An 
speaking of 

hough 
i Ireland, lint indulge 
I usual pokes and jokes 
habitants, and then ;. 
s did I ever meet better bred 
i "; and a lady well 
the bi] 'tie of our 

i iic that the hilics 
rland were far better ede 
:il. the love of e s very 

amongst the lri»h people, 
never saw finer schools than 

of t! in Broth 

, and all supported by the vol- 
y contributions of the people, 

nt from the govern 
in a very intry. A I 

[li a poor Protestant is rare in 
the statistics of the Dublin 



. . Her mice irutra 10ft, 

low -R'l i .- iinari.' 



rent* 
of any 01 
And trill people will talk oi 
igooi 'ii of 

the | education I 

ancc, whatever it is, of the Irish, like 
the : bang on Iheii limb*, is 

ad but glorious sign of i 
fidelity to God's ti thej bad 

trea- 
sure, they night have got the mesa 
of pottage called godless education. 
toner to tnem and l fiesta 

ilaca 
on the deposit of (kith handed down 
by saints and scholars I ["ben 
good deal of care. (rant 

of en peo- 

ple, B 1} but .'i- for- 

mer, as 1 . !: . iiclp 

us! M i've left us to be 

careless v. 
the more tiiri.ii 

Having in lliii country a sure title 
to his own and a pi 
1 maintain that the Irishman will be- 
come H ing nig- 
gardly, as any i '- - n. 

i hi .:>d- 

nature- BO 

remarkable. In Kilkenny, one Sun- 
day, I saw a party in miserable 
uniform 

t unskilfully on | 

: intents, and caliii. Iv;-s 

a band. A crow 
through the wet, snov. -, ;overed 

continually | ousi- 

I and es Btlj 

with snow-balls. A poll slid- 

ing on a corner got one behind 
car. but, like most... ;hed 

inr.de nothing of it. [l 

rk M. r. 
cuuistancesl On one i, 1 

bed a group of men I 
a rather old seaman wL 
of toothache; one suggested that he 




UiiaeafHcto 
Icxatksre 

A >owy. *ia». 
etc' cat ess on property 
poaL Hi* hfwi'i were two; th at 
ibeocxacaed was open to the 
sad lbs adfi aai a g oae 
looked * if h had ben baraed. It 
waa ■ compute twm. They were ia 
sacb a Mate that ana* (dead re- 
mjiicil that they were hkeiy to taB 
at and poxy baa* " Fxita, ukl the 
poor lonely bachelor, -Twoald be 
the best thing that covJd hap pea roe, 
if I vat cerpamL* We mast repeat 
here the story of aa Iriah Protestant, 
who vest to L ijuni i with his Catholic 
friend. Ha ssrprise at the strange 
sights and sounds 1000 got the better 
of him, sad he whispered : - ' 
Pat, this beats the Toy oold drriL" 
■ That's the intention," sail Pat, and 
kept oa hinting haaseUaS the same, 

American*, who ire aoc taxed to 
sapport a foreign despotic master, 
who hare a sare sad eadaii a g title 
to their property, aod who stand or 
fall by their own tree, unimpeded 
efforts, •onetimes wonder at the 
want of enterprise, nearness, and 
care of the Irish people. But a visit 
to ihe country and a looi. 
circumstances explain whj 
the case. The tnan who fecis 
his house may be taken from him 
to-morrow is not likely to spend 
much on its decoration ; the father 
i'lren arc des- 
tined to the lowest servitude is even 



. zl tad 



All the ad 
derivable bam 
■ nra de d with a danger 
taes overtaxes nest of 
caaoa aad small sain.! 
experience teach e s we are all 
to gaard against. Contact 1 
i . dtaiioai of bob r^ir.-. ■ .»" 
has a aeadeocy to andert:; 
saaple, independent qualities 
repabbcan. The splendor 
throne, the tinsel n -.- ■»( 

•hip of mammon, f 
by which the sterling worth it iV 
individual is overlooked and indnr 
dual virtue is disregarded fur <ke 
glitter which often covers the rortnv 
dcss and imparity of caste — all taex 
appeal temptingly ' eaUe 

-herwise undistinguished Ameri- 
can. His daughters are can 
marriage by members of brakes- 
down princely houses, because 6eJ 
have money; his sons are council 
by noble gamblers, because they at 
rich; anil 1 need not tel 
that principle in is ofces 

iced to that base tendency of 
our fallen nature which makes * 

10 power, rank, on 
as a little boy docs 1 <m * 

of a whip, a sash, and a 

I recall now the case of one d 



Hers and Travelling. 



nenc. als, who, when 

c New Ham] 

nging the Indian names of 
a-of-war toSixon one\<K 

>ing: •' He did not 
ly Knglan<! should have all 
e name*." The poor man 
dually so infatuated bj 
retension, and wealth of Eng- 
lat he thooght even (ha 
:Uturc of her vessels pi 
the fresh, hirtoncally en 
liken from our native land — 
of weakness and folly «i 
at the meriicd protest of the 
, which had given some 
Inui names to 
liat under them gained glory 
, and •una ad ai:d 

when thej i!ie coasts 

ic excha: 
aiucs as . 

.. for such ones as Vixen, 

or, Spitfire, or even for 

, Ajax, and il It 

•ever, to the rude 

. . no jiherc 

i be called characteristic of 

i our soil, and were 
yo in the 
of our institutions. Such 
.i-plorablc exan 
i he consr 

of Ml. 

The really educated, ieflect> 

■an knows the lessons of 

loo well to be deceived by 

ter of 

fatuut\fK\ .nof 

dcrlying rotteaoi 1 be re- 

man feel* deeply that. 
ice to authority is essential to 
still modesty and 
ity have given life and ■. 
iry have 
nc and caused ith of 

the 
!ing adhesion of the 
to the laws he has had an 
oi_ xvn. — 53 



influence in making is more trust- 
worthy, as, it it n the 
abje: ive, 
turing to Gud, as wi hon 
arable to his image. 'I 
not hut feel deeply that the only 
system and the only land which 

aUom the church to stand Of Ml by 
her own strength and merits is 
' his consciousness of 
her increasing prosperity, in conn 
(0 hrr maimed and bleeding con 
tion in other lands, must only 

tach tntry 

and her institutions. And while- 
done, to her faults, 
and wishes her to take pattern by 
the virttii 

of other nations, it is bet: : hit 
heart u his interest ate bound 

i'.li her fate: 

. O thi|> of Uite ! 
StMOW, luou Ui.jun ilrung *i..l crtat 

Our htiru, oar hor«, »r» ill wltk th«*. 
Ourb' ItftttN, 

Our i 
Arc ».'.l with lhec-»te »H wilk lh«." 

Wc may theori 

by our fi rcsi 

land. The beati: 
the brilliancy of jour glance, tlie 
I will 

recurring 

while most 

exquisite delight, prom. i the 

force of unerring instinct, to love our 
country. 
I remember, when wit on 
with the !.; 
of waters iu every dire* 
noticed something in tin kiss of the 
sunbeams in the familiar swectne- 
the.-: Dgtbenca home 

by these embr 
own clime. The up of the 

'., the light gladness of tb 
that succeeded, were i 

t of home and friends 






B« 



Chartres. 



The magic influence of atmosp 
alone bad been enough to pro. 
them. ' not nan 

" Rteaihm th«i» a 
Who novo to U»«l- l 

■ « my own. my «miv» l»n.i f 
\Vl,u«c heitt h»th oe'«f wlOta k*a burac-J. 
\t hone h'A *c*uitp» he huh turned. 
Praia waalcring ea a (*cef (d unil »~ 

If such an one there be, he is a rare 



and monstrous exception. 
ing of common humanity ii 
with universal truth in ibe EiM 

i.iid 

. 



- vntn'tt l roam, ■■■imt mln a»«n 

nmuib 

.= •».» (n«»j tur-« ■• iImhIiiii 

Aad di»f« al cadi raw: 

ch> 



CHA 



g how of pilgrin. 
Pn.i Idle 

ages were they so numerous, or. 

a[ to the public ones, so care- 
fully oil - at the p:< 
time; whether to the favored la 
ties to which in these latter d 
heavenly manifestations have been 

to the ancient h 
tuiries whose history is coeval with 
that of the whole Christian era. 

At this moment, when a vast con- 
course of pilgrims from various parts 
of FlraiM 

gone I liicir 

:igc to our Lady of Cbaiires, 

. beg her intercession on behalf 

of their country, it may not be 

uninteresting to some among our 

reader; if we endeavor briefly to 

trace the history of this celebrated 

shrine. 

On entering the richly scul 

-too large to be called a 
porch, and too truly Gothic to be 
called a portico— of the church of 
& Germain l , the 

visit y of 

the ancient Ii ich its 

interior is adorned; so efll 
com; ;l in expres- 

sion, and in execution so delicate, 
simple, and refined. In one of these, 



which fills the tympanum 
arch for:: 

is depicted the form of a re&cn 
bearded sage, who rr. ; 

ough in all prafai 
i.et Isaias), '<- 
an expression of * 

■ ajn 

. opening a win 
and her divine 
Ject d that of 

will likOI 

The an 

claims the honor of hariof 
first in the world to cixisecxst 
I 

ore the l 
led upon the earth, foresaw 11 
■ 
of the " Morning Si 
prccei 

to 1)1 it*. 

It was prcv 
of the Gauls by the Roman * 

this homage began. 
still a free, *i 

mtntarits of their conqna 



Charlres. 



ing little in their town), mud. 
their pathless forests ; they aie, more- 
over, by the same author reported to 
be a religious people ; that is to 
sub i icir priests, from 

whom they had not only their faith, 
but also their laws and government. 
: priests were the Druids. If 
old Armoric* was the cradle of their 
worship. had 

at a very early period spread not 
only into Britain, but also over the 
whole of Gaul, establishing at t'har- 
thc central point of its continen- 
tal empire. There the solemn n 
fices were offered, and there were 
held the tribunals of justice; in bee 
. * which expression, by a 
•light variation, might fittingly be 
ntto, consider- 
ing- the veneration in which woods 
and groves were held, and that it 
s in these that the assemblies met. 
Not until after the Roman inva- 
sion was polytheism gradually 
ith difficulty engrafted on the more 
• Druidic worship, which w 
ently neither of Greek nor Latin 
ut rather the offspring of 
baldea, with occasional 
ications of affi] the belief 

The Galii and 
n had originally come from the 
being endants of 

tier, the son of Japl 
As some writers have imagined 
jrtian cross in the form of 
Greek T, the i - futura, 

have proved the expectation 
g that nation of the coming of 
Me- then have seen in 

venerated mistletoe attached to 
oak an image of the Rcdc> 

•>ss, and in the offerings of 

and w inc a foreshadowing of 

sjcriment of the altar. In any 

thee were but vague notions or 

presentiments of truths of 



• o« cv— . 



-ssed the cer- 
tainty; yet some stray gleam from 
the light of Hebrew prophecy may 
have shown to others than the ehos- 
en people a faint and distant s\ 
of that great second Mottx 
human race who sliou. ■ the 

ills brought on it by the :> 

According to the ol 
• as a hundred years before the 
birth of our Saviour t rpec- 

tatiun manifested intcll 
manner among the I 
Carnutes, by the consecration of a 
grotto, for a long time previou 
mous among them, to the "Virgin 
was to bring f- 

No written document of equal an- 
tiquity to this epoch exists in support 
of the tradition; nor would it be 
possible, from the fact that the Druids 
committed nothing to writing, but 
trar i re- 

ligion and the facts of history solely 

The Cathedral of Chartres, how- 
ever, from the time of i turn 
by the Blessed Aventinus, who is 

to bare been f & 

Peter, faithfully gu memory 

of an event which was its | 
glory, by consigning !nry 

thereof to its archive. <erc 

carefully \IA>6 Se- 

basiien Rouillard, e;. 
ancient ehron h was transla- 

ted from Latin into French in i>6r. 
daring the reign of & Lout*, and of 
which be gives the fallowing account, 
although, in rendering I ng- 

lish, we lose the charm of the qu 
original: "Wherefore the Druids 

g arrived at -ntenary 

which immediately preceded the 

Rd, . . . • said 

Is being assembled together by 
the revolution of the new year to 
perform their accuuomed cemao 
nies for gathering in the nistlesoe, 
i jtnf^ai. which, cow in g irara heaves and at- 






S3* 



Charlrcs. 



f to onks and di 
otli . n a figure of the i 

tiiii at that lira 

of the aforesaid Druids, all being 
;iilcs of white wool, 
-lorn, in the pic 
Prisma, Ki I —mm, and of 

the prince*. lords, ' other e: 
ice, the A 

v- sacrifice of bread and 
B according to custom, and 
ing the God of heaven that the sac- 
rifice aforesaid might be salutj: 
all the pcopl Carnutcs, de- 

that die divine i il 

Kafflitus) with which he felt has 
:tly overpowered p 
rcll-nigh to take away the power of 
> heart to beat with 
-ment blows, and ovenrhdi 
with extraordinary joy, seeing 
hat he had to announce, by the 
volution of the new century, the 
presage of her approach who should 

ben age, and 
arth Him for whom the n.r. 
waited." "Wherefore, O hravci 
thy lardy movement slower thai: 
Ion;.; iH»? ... If 

old age. which bai brought my steps 
to the brink of the grave, forbids me 
lo behold with my own e)cs that 
which I foresee, nevertheless I ren- 
der thanks, O Deity Supreme, to 
thee, who h a 

college with its c>: In the 

midst of this grotto, and hard bj 
well, shall be '- altar and an 

image to the Virgin who shall I 
forth a Son. . princes and 

I here present, declare whether 
this thing is pleasing to you." 
ke the pontiff 
jwn his long w ■!. The 

whole assembly, being seized with a 

: o( joy and devotion, ea 
responded with the desires of its high- 
priest. The altar was raised and the 
anagc dedicated— Virgini Pariturm. 
The place where this solemn as- 




rid is none other i 
the hill whereon now stands tKe 
ihedral of Charlrcs. At that j- 
a thick wood surrounded the groan 
whkh resembled the Grcttri dn 

to be seen in many sedwfa! 
country-places in Fran< 
weir 'requently the abofe* 

of Dnsidesses, ibe rcmembrar-- 
whom b preserved umier this pcp»- 
.icllation. 
We have here, according to te 
most ancient pi'.- 
which was I 

other Dili ■ eoeraltd 

various places, as 

•Te. 
all later a: latioo oi - 

gin of Cha 

The consecrated grotto in 
became the crypt of the rocdci 
winch now in a . 
beauty rises &l 
original building, in consequence I 
various i 

• 
nened I 
splendor; but 
invariably remained in the 

ely sent multitudes of 
VVAr 

Stuht Terrr. and 
: go to find ii: 

the ancient and teee 
■ 

-ions hands, which,! 
time of live great Re 

ryandi 

reprodocala 
the Lrruidic or.: 
descri; n a cbn 

cal // 'hartrts, - 

With ccnl Moibc 

ith her son upon! 
knees, whose right band is raised 
benediction, while in the left be hath < 



Ckartrts. 



>V 



the globe of the world. Over the 
Virgin's robe f* * mantle in form of 
a dalmatic ; her head t* covered with 
a veil. surmounted by a crown, of 
which the ornaments tomcwbal 
tcmble the leaves of the -%U. Her 
countenance n ext ,di form- 

ed, oval, dark, and sinning, and the 
le figure has much resemblance 
the ancient lltuntine tyj 
regard to the supposed reasons for 
the color of the complexion, we will 
quote the words of Sebasueo R 
Lard: 

" I j» ditc hat j i. lie* est i!e 

couleur man: nine pre 

■s les anltres de de 

:ire*. Ce que Von citimc .> • 
ait par les Druides ct aultres a 
Jeur suitte, stir la pre ! couleur 

du pcuple on plus que 

nous iiux nrdeurs du soleil, cause 
que I' Espouse du Cantique des ( 
lii|iirs (in que le soleil l'a dccoulou- 
ree, et que pour ei . ellc ne 

eHe, Neanunoins Ni- 
cephore qui avail vue p!ut:eurs 
tableaux de cctte Viet par 

Saint I. uc apres le natural, dit que la 
couleur. stoit tilttki 

ou de couleur de frouincnt. Si ce 
n'est qu'on veuille dire que le trou- 
ment cstant mcur lire sur le brun ou 
couleur de chaataigni 

The reojainder of the desti 
is so charming that we cannot re- 
frain from finishing the portrait : 

•• La Vicrgc estoil de statu: 
diocte. . . . Sescbeveuxtirakntsur 

This imire <■' ,f " f'uiJi b «r • MmM 
colnr. » «te eeerly •" t»e «Mn in tkc ckaich 
«f Oewurv We MppOM tin to k»«« bee* 
o<o« hr f-e DiuiiU and «b«r» wko Ml 
Itiai. «-> the prematpur* c*m;M>M* ■ 
■oet-ul people, • V" «e eapoM4 men then we 
to the b«»t lildnwn. U* whiek re iwn tke 
Sptut in tie Canticle ei Caslklt* •• v » IUi ike 
•eta Ui .11 w-i;-i«il her, ti.d Ui - ■•>* m 

4ut. the SMltM tce**e lobe Sihij 
tfcrleta. Ntceca/ocue. who bid *een aeeervl pic- 
dm ..I tbt Virgin uk«n t>> S. Luke hoei 
w»r* ih«t the c-l'.r (J k«r covaeewucc M 
•ereinot. M Ue color of wkwt. Taw I 
in ike kma •< chcKnui rotor ol 
• ken nf-." 



Tor; sea jeux 

rat, aiani I vires 

ct de couleur d'oli • i *m- 

bm en forme d'arcade. et d'uoe 

i.-ur noire leur avenant to 

ct dories, sa face I 
aiguc, roais uu pen baguette, to 
j ct lea doigts parcklleinrnt 
longucts. Eile esloit en loutes cho- 
ses honncste et grave, parUut t eu a 
|>eu ct a propoc; facile a 

I vs persnones, affable • 
et faisant houneur 

isoit dune hod- 
nestt- e pad er, tans riie, sans 

sc i: • mcttrc en cho- 

lite. Kile t • 

fasi, sans se ilcguivcr Se niaintren, 
tans user de delieatesse, ct en u 
sea actions monaranl une grandt- 

In |>rwefi 

lable tt 

Drutdic or 
of N 

thcr continued by many htsto; 
docaraeni the 

1432 were grn the 

the following tlcclara- 

■ I ( Chart ret cit la plus 

Mil* 
|xu .• en Ittoi la 

•-7: .. of BlikOe . i 

II,: t;»:r Iwr«*rcJ cu refc? 

• yeSvwww aeefk**, •*»* 

kef I. hm> IMS. 

< jmtlfr « **e •«• k> •■ Ik 
urf |im •i-'«»»»e »»' awviea .»* la ikw 

to ail, koeotivg esck aexawasag ta tkeit s« 

..I > teraaakft* im tm .1 . • 
•at tauikaei end - 

W «g woewS te >B(ee Saw w»» ... «, i 
wllkaM l-wn. e »»t . 
■ --idiHkwnc e^4 kw*wW« «•<»*• 



Chartres. 



gloricusv avant I'incar- 

•>n <le N( ;ncur Ji. 

: en laquclle iccllc gloricuse 
Vierge ful ariorce en joii vivant." * 

>ut allowing the same I 
of credence to the miracles v, 

.: to the archives of this 
chu . lized the future power 

| in times I the 

era, we will mention one 
only of those among them which 
i-ai to be wor: -:". This 

was load in the rich me.liw- 

val glass of the " Window of M 
clcs," destroyc.l nt the Revoki. 
where also could be read U 
of Geoffrey [<i 

in the time of tltc 
Druids, was King of M 
There were in those days Idngi in 
profusion, and this one was vassal to 
Prison, King of Chartres. Geoffrey 
had an only son, his chief joy, i 
accidentally fell into the deep well of 
I taken out dead. 
The king wai led with \ 

Card of sundry mir. 
which had been wrought by tie 
.w of Chartres (to the Utttfr 
roent of the Druids, who had known 
nothing of the kn re- 

ligion), be forthwith prayed to licr 
witli ma:.' ting that she 

Id restore his son to life. Little 
l»y little the youth began to breathe, 
-oon was completely recovered. 
l.ic father, full of gratitude, went 
with large offerings to the grotto to 
return thanks for the life of his son. 
lowed himself no less de- 
vout. H( w to be 
made after the |vmern of the one at 
placed it at Longpont, 
wbcte atosc later a celebrated abbey, 
and images have ever 



rh*cV«rek*4 • tWi 

"WW" o( *»r Lot J liiui CkrIM. 

. Ihr H a,t ,!*«! Vlf ft ««1 KM- 

•* .■!'«•' • "« kn liMiaa," 



i to be made. Hung 
no child, he bequeathed ail his ripa 
and poss pa <* 

rtres. Of the* 
joyed Frrotk 

aiders observe that the LeJs** 
wlw have succeeded them arc tins, 
in fact, the ten ; nces alto of 

the cay, and that the 11 
by legal right Lai ire* 

It is, however, on entirely i5fow 
nt grounds for beSef 
that the facts must be placed «hka 
relate to the arrival of the ill 

. Saviniati ia, t»o 

of those heroic mission ers * 
called tufmps cf the nati>n$, «h:<i 
Christian Rome, more eager 
the .rid thao 

gan Rome had ever been, scot 
evangelize heathendom. 

n these not preachers 
mity appeared among 
Carnutes, they found the 

deed, by the Roman ai 
exceptionally rebellious again 

that were used to 'adact 
their adoption of tfi i gods; 

still submissive to die Druids, wfcoa 
tlse conquerors persecuted as 
seating the party of national res*:- 
■406 

Poientian ha: I , .-, j „uh kin 

in his lab- ; 
Edoald and S. Akin 
Spirit of Cod, and know ,: 
gious belief of the Druid 
ed at once to the renowned 
where he found them asscroi 
gethcr with a numerous co; 
of people ; and, adapting to the oc- 
rds of S 
■ said to them : " TTw 
whom you honor withe* 
knowing 1 am come to nuke kno*o 
unto you"; and soon the d 
giving place to light in 
were predisposed to re 
large number of those present begged 
forthwith for baptism. 




the water of the well, the 
image received Christian 
:tiou, the altai was consccrat- 
kfary, and the whole sanctu- 

i to the true ( ! 

'ion is maile of this ceremony 

breviary of Chartres, 00 die 

October. 

w Christian community was 

to enjoy long peace. 

the governor of the coun- 

e Emperor Claudius, in 

ice to an edict issued by the 

gainst the Christians, entered 

tto with a company of an 

when the faithful were there 

led, and, seizing .S. 1'utentian, 

aid, and S. Allinus, reserved 

>r more prolonged sufferings, 

e caused the rest of the wor- 

b to be massacred on the 

Among these was found his 

liter, since h the 

S. Modesta. The todies 

attyrs were thrown into the 

the grotto, which from tluit 



bore the name of Le puits dti 
Sdinls Farts. 

The governor, being KracJc with 
sudden death, was cot permitted 
carry out his designs against S. Po- 
tcntian and his companions, , 
being set at liberty, proceeded to 
Sens to continue their labors, lea-. 
S. Aventine at Chartrcs, of ■ 
he ma the first bishop. 

Setting aside the improbable le- 
gend which relates that the people 
of Chartrcs, upon learning that the 
Blessed Virgin was still fori 
an embassy to Ephcsus to convey to 
her their homage, and pray her to 
receive the title of Damina Qirnoti, 
which, according to GaDlaume lc 
Breton, she willingly accepted, we 
hope in a future article to give the 
eventful history of the erection of 
the cathedral over the primitive 
grotto, which in the Xlth century 
v into the present vast and mas- 
live crypt, pci haps the finest in 
world. 




EARLY MARRIAGE. 



x Dr. Johnson advocated the 
narriagc of young men. he 
he morality of the Christian, 

Eom of the philosopher, and 
man of (he 
He knew from nil nun ex- 
1 from the wild lives of 
rn with whom he associated 
the first years of his London 
: y m.irti.igc is the great 
sA of youth, the preserver of 
and the sure promoter of 
ic happiness—" the only 

that has survived the 

idly convinced of this, we 
.arc that early mar- 



riages should be, as a genu 
recommended and promoted by those 
who have influence OT authority I 
young people. By early marriage, 

we do not mean the marriage of 
and girls, but of men and worn 
Marriage is the only natural, proper, 
and safe state for the majority ol | 

Hj in the world. If OOC- third 
of the angelic host — those bright and 
i from the divine 
Hand — fell at the very first temp- 
in, how ran man, prone as he is 
to sin, hope to escape ? I' ' 
of old, who subjected their bodi 
the spirit by penances so terrible as 
almost to realize Byron's remark " of 



f>40 



Early Marriage. 



tin?; heaven by mating earth a 
v men found it so 
• nit to resist the allurements of 
the flesh, how can the pampered 
ami lost these 

day*, living in an atmosphere of 
seduction, mingling in a gay 

I thrown ic 
contact with men who break all the 
1 mmandments with p .fTer- 

encc— how can these I . of 

the latter days hope to avoid the 
-lers that surround them if they 
•c to seek the safely that is 
presented to them in marriage, unless 
they make use of unusual means and 
preventive* which few are willing to 

Byron, who had tried all plea 
am! r.nto 

ttl] red that the "best state 

for morals is marriage." '1'his was 
the mature and deliberate opinion 
of a nan who had i most 

"A young man 
tried B a Win that's lnarrM."* 
married, as he was, at the early 
age of eighteen, to a woman eight 
years his senior, he 
ous contradiction of his own asser- 
tion. So assured is his position as 
the monarch i ton- 

lore, that the ring and am- 

bitious spirits have never presumed to 

ute his ntprei 
has there ever been found a man I 
enough to play the part of the Lu- 
aure, and attempt to 
ive Shakespeare of his " pride 
of place." Surely, the fact of the 
<lford boy filling the world 
with his name and fame after marry- 
at eighteen, is an argument in 
■ favor of early marriage. 

n married is 
man that 1 * inanM.' - Had Byron 
..t and purest . 

Witt l\.l Ead, M-,:t, Kl M. 16. 10. 



Mary Cnaworth, both the poet; 
the world wo been th.- 

ers. We would then have 
poems like the magnificent Font 
•la\ and or 
poem like the volcptuous /---■ 

imestic bapp< 
of domestic mis 
Byron's earthly blessing . 
affection Oi jousti trrair, 

heart would have been conren trass! 
upon one adored object. Moorti 
early marriage to his b 
Bessie did no: 

rithcr in literature* 
in society. Her love a; 
cheered Iiim in his young and itref- 
ghng days, when — 

" All fcw.h tat cUwnt. 
Ha tvktA up ihr mttj w»y j.mnr-' t ■» &■»" 

When success crowned his eflbm. 
the praise and ion of Bosk 

were dearer to die young poet tfess 
all the flattery lavished upon bun 
by die loveliest lad 
and, when misfortune cai 
drove away his summer friends, sfcc 
was ever by his side, brijj I 

raging the des| 

s Dorses) 

ind truest friend. Her ixfc- 
ence lB> at 

brought into active use ... 

oa ik 
of a I^ondon dandy, and b- 
statesman 

I Creit 
Britain, H .domestic life was most 
happy. From the trio 
senate and 
he turned 

me life and I; 
sweetest associations oi 
clustered around that hoim. 
he always four.: 

and love. Fuii , r i at »- 

ing of ma: :,c has « 

•• Whatever be the lot of 



Early Marriage. 



841 



nor, however oppressed, if 
ave and be loved, lie must 
ance in favor of existence ; 
can illumine the dark roof 
ty, and lighten the fetter of 

fen- examples, which may 
indefinitely, are given 
: . so far as fame is con- 
"a young man married is 
n that's mair'd." 
to another and more pra 
of the matter. How many 
en give as a reason for not 
that they can't afford it — 
e is a luxury only for 
? We know that the sordid 
fashionable society have 
this heavenly rose 1 
so many thorns that the 
alone can gather it with 
We also know that, in the 
, as Lady Modish observes 
1 dt is Hwland, 
as much out of fashion as 
uff— nobody takes it now." 
bat ro3n of sense, what man 
angs for love and B home, 
think of marrying a woman of 
I whose mornings are pi 

■■: a sensational novel, 
afternoons arc spent on 
and whote evenings are 
tway in the ball-room ? 
great and deplorable mistake 
pose that only the rich can 
man ig with Chief- 

Chase in Washington, 

ntioncd that Mr. had of 

own cynical and censorious, 
e he was engaged and could 
lord to marry. Well do vrc 
r the remark of the Chief- 
that " any young man who 
ort himself can support a 
hat is, if he is wise enough to 
:bc right sort of person." Mr. 
from his own personal 
for he had married •• 
young, poor, and unknown, 



and his success began with his mar- 
riage. Take any young man of 
average intelligence and industry — 
a lawyer, clerk, or journalist — he 
makes enough to liveco: and 

ve, but he is net willing to fol- 
low Mr. MiCAK In v of 
happiness : " Income, ^100 a f< 
expenses, j£go. 19*. — happiness. In- 
come, ,£100 a year; expenses, ^100 
it.— misery." Which, in plain E 
lish. means — make more than 
spend, and you will be happy ; spend 
more than you make, and you will 

be mueral 

young lawyer, clerk, or jour- 
nalist is not satisfied to live r. .mfort- 
ablj: he S luxuriously. Me 

must smoke the best Irink 

the choicest wines, wear the most 
lothes; he must be- 
to a Club, play billiards, go to 
the opera; he n e to the 

park, when he can ride in the 1 

he mint ip nmer 

holiday at Saratoga or Long Br.. 
— in short, he must live as extrava- 
gantly as the idle sons of rich men 
with whom he associate*. To do 
, be must necessarily live beyond 
■ins. 
These are the young men who say 
they COnttri atffcrd to many. They 
can afford toman. will give 

up expenses which are always use- 
less and often dangerous. Add 
says with admirable truth: "All 
men are not equally qualified for 
. but it is in the power 
of every one alike to practise the 
virtue of thrift; and I believe there 
are few persons who, if they pleas; 
to reflect on their on -cs. 

will not find I they saved all 

those little sums which they have 

itaarily, they might at 
present have been masters of a com- 
petent fortune." t if young 
men will practise the habit ol 
"those little sums" which ate so 



;-4.- 



Early Marriagr. 



often •• unnecessarily spent," they will 
no longer have to complain that 
tltcy cannot afford to marry. 

The laws of Sparta required a 
man to marry when he became of 
age; if he did not, he was liable to 
prosecution. The salutary crTo 

seen in the superior morality 
of the Spartans over the other people 
of Greece. The morality of the 
people of Ireland is one of the 
brightest gems in the crown of the 
" loved Island of Sorrow" : the prac- 
tice of early marriage among the 
Irish contributes, in a great mea- 
sure, to this angelic virtue of chastity. 
The pernicious practice of marrying 
late in life, which prevails generally 
among Frenchmen, is one of the 
chief causes of the licentiousness of 
that gay and gallant nation. Un- 
fortunately, a tendency towards late 
marriage has been gradually growing 
among the American people, espe- 

y in our large cities. 
one of the most dang. i dis- 

iog signs of the times. It 
arises from the love of luxury and 
display a read the 

land and destroyed that repuli 
simplicity of life and manners wfa 
was once the glory and strength of 
this nation. 

re unwilling that their 
daughters should marry young men 
who are not rich, forgetting that they 
themselves were poor when they 
married, and that their wealth has 
been amassed by long years of con- 
stant toil. Such fathers should re- 
member the answer of Themistoclcs, 
when asked whether he would choose 
to marry hb daughter to a poor nun 
of merit, or to a worthless man i 
estate : " I would prefer a man with- 
out an estate to an estate without 
a man." Daughters are unwilling 
to abandon a life of idleness and 
luxury in their father's house to 
share the fortunes cf young men 



who, though poor in person, are 

m worth, and have that within 
which will command success. Sack 
daughters should reinemi 
young lady once refused | 
young man on account of hi: 
erty, whose death was mourn, 
two continents — the noble philan- 
thropist, George i'eabody. Uses 
late Emperor of trance was 
ig in poverty in London, he fell 
love with a lady of rank aid 
beauty, and ti 

lady, who regarded him as a mere 
political dreamer, rejected 
when lie uttered this prophet, 
mark: " Madan fused a 

crown g ladies hatrn 

: unity of "refusing a crown," 
i refusing young men uf talent. 
ry, and virtue, on ace 

. to accept 
worthless young men of torture, 
they frequently refuse a life of do- 
mestic peace and happiness (or one 
of splendid miw 

The ancient philosophers very 
marriage to be a 
1 by Providence far 
the safety I rvalion • 

ill require iy and love, 

and where can there be sympathy » 
: and love so enchanting IS 
that which a true wife feels ft.* bcr 
husband? Chateaubriand, in hs 
magnificent work, T3u Gtxna if 
CAris/ianify, gives us a 

tton of the Chrtsoas 

husband and wife : " The wife of t 

i not a mere mortal: she 

is an extraordinary, a mysterious, 

an angelic being ; she is flesh of ho 

tlesh, and bone 
bone. By his union with 
only takes back a pot s con- 

stance. Hb soul as well 
b imperfect without his wife. He 

a strength ; she has I 
He encounters arflictior 
partner of his life is there to soothe 



-it woman, he would be 

lished, solitary. Woman 

Is around him the flowers of 

e those honeysuckles of the 

rn the trunk of the 

: fumed garlands." 

it the great poet of do- 

•iliss exclaim of mama,; 

b ■ *»cr«1 ind hnmcMi delight, 
a wStr <cruia( y ol wa* ovj blix, 
*er tcatd till »*»»." 

recall the exquisite 
;ioa of the married life of 
tad Alexandrina in A Sister's 
charming home at Cu- 
re, on the Bay o , the 
ami brilliant skies of Italy; 
IDS among the lovely islands 
bay ; pious pilgrimages to 
inmer trip to 
st; their winter in Venice, 
i by the declining health of 

their return to France : 
ndy death of Albert at the 
;e of twenty-four. 
American Catholic youth 
duty to their church and 
ountry w 

nj indifference. 
1 of the many young men of 
; promise who each year 
)ur Catholic colleges laden 
mors ? Why arc their voices 
! after commencement 
idualion thesis 
y composition ? It 
isc the seed of learning plant- 
ic-ir minds at college, like the 
ioo in the 
fell arm i is, is 

the riches and plea 
priil yields no fruit. 
Kttcr example can he offered 

men than that of Mon- 
ti, the great orator of France.' 

m of the nana of Moo:a'«nibcrl 
I ia« pf*wnt article fiict in llic 
»an»*< »ri <if.l»n. 
o nuke, oa account *-.1 aoma err 
beta tilled lotili by ibt nu 



i in his schoolboy days, his aim 
was high and beautiful: he scon 
all folly and idleness. When he 
was only seventeen, he solemnly se- 
lected as his motto through life, 
" God and Liberty," to which he 
remained faithful until death. A 
young roan of brilliant intellect, vivid 
imagination, and noble ambition, he 
determined to play a man's part in 
the world, and earnestly longed for 
the time to commence hu glorious 
work. lie wasted not the golden 
days of youth amid the gay fii. 
tics of fashionable amusement, for 
he vehemently denied that youth 
was the time which should be dci 
cd to the pleasures of society. lie 
contended that youth should be giv- 
en up with ardor t pre- 
paration for a profession. " \h I" 
he exclaims, " when one has | 
one's tribute to one's country ; when 
it is possible to appear in society 
crowned with the laurels of debate, 
or of the battle-field, or at least of 
Btdvi Ion: when one is sure 
of commanding resj>cct ami admira- 
tion everywhere— then it is the time 
to like BOciety, and enter it with sat- 
isfaction. I can imagine 1'itt or 
Fox coming out of the Ilouic "> 

imons, where they had struck 
their adversaries dumb by their 
eloquence, and enjoying a dinner 
party." 

i j advice Iron one 
who to worthily won his waj in the 
world and in society should be care- 
fully considered by the youth of 



uhick we k»T« «pnk»n of htm in forme: Sltl 
The cui"j;i'"» Mhich v»* givr ot permit other) 
in (i<« lirt llruRrtout mil In onr pag«« I 
main imi i- k » an, approbation ol »n 
oi at : . >np*ih)r with tbo party known 

»)br-5utt n( " Liberal < . i be«e 

-- fi ' " Si RU III Ih« 

main eitflodot sad loyal an.l I! If not for the**. 
aV6ecrSoaa that • 

''dial 
o «lun to the Sea at 

the (low "I life, by which he eflaccd lh« loerao- 
. ( IS . 



America, who too frequently I 
into society half educated, arid whol- 
itid responsi- 
m of the world. An early mar- 

:or those 
not called to the e< re- 

ligious state. It gives at once an 
obje. D aim to life. It ■ 

the heart. 3nd keeps it warm 
bright, preventing inning to 

waste. It is a hoi;. iWished 

by God as the ordinary mean 
the happiness and salvation of the 
greateit number of the faithful, 
a rule, it is the sal for pcr- 

. living au ordinary lift-, 
man which is safe. 

As there is no rule, however, with 



exceptions, we do 

iiere are many e 

Numbers of (tenons. 
male; 
lied to a single life in tar 

; better 

hap] : state than they »ovV 

lie in any other. The rcasn 

we have presented 

rug.; and of early marriage ajiph, 

therefore, only general! > 

versally to persons e rax*» 

of society, a 

force in rdueea 
< what it eaM 

"the world," but most cspetuit a 

refefe mg men. 




SCHOLAR!; SHAB/LI.E. 



Scholars before the world and 
scholars at home arc often the grat- 
ia themselves, i • 

is, after all, so levelling that it 
makes a /.j.V.j ima of cro» 
heads and peasants, of sages 
fools, of good men and bad. I 
is no visible nimlmt round the head 
of the man who towers above his 
fellows, as the: .1 the summit 

of the mountain that pierces the 
clouds. Without the conventional 
distinctions of costumes, attendance, 
or display, there is no means of tell- 
ing the man of giant intellect from 
the man of common attainments. 
i lack that physi- 

uperioriiy which at once causes 
a stranger to turn eagerly round and 
ask, that?" but this mark 

so often accompanies other men 

« interior life does not justil - 
presence, Of whose career has l>ccn a 

ike and a failure, that it is prac- 



tically valueless. The outward ip 
or "ticket" requisite to dc 
man of acknowlc : oca i 

therefore as necessary in this bawl 

5 bumflial 
world's sense of discernment. TsU 

: ■ 'cession of magaass, 
financial, poli: 
noble. 

pick out the prizes among thesa. w 

I'Uhop from tbecko- 

cellor, the in the b»- 

ihe king fro -cbali*. 

Guided by pu ami i 

(not unlike that wl 
the ! barbari 

in the Vth centurj 
call the tallest, strong. 
personage the 
the in ind serf 

- the bishop. Te 
will . ; bafi 

nop; an.: 



845 



m. Now place those great 

n suitable coaches, dress 

appropriate robes, put on 

crowns, coronets, crosses, 

nia of their order, and the 

will recognize by the 

jnal instinct of civilization 

and importance of each ; 

will then lie seen thai the 

iet man of hanker like 

.he bishop yonder retiring 

il with a bald head, the 

tliat dandy with the unob- 

folil rin;; yet 

■ 

are and ribbons. Change 
once more, set all these 
oplc down at their rc- 
>es, and look through the 

item again. Hh.it do wc 

dining-room, a table set 

re or less pet I ap* 

ts, a few noiseless servants 

ling children, a homely, 

matron, » i plat id, 

ooking over an account* 

hemming poi 

"he b ; insehold alone 

a distil iark, but, 

i with other ccdesiastica] 

i secrets 

any secular one. God 

ws where to point to a 

genius among these ordi- 

I the ohj 

icernment would ofi 

human observer who StK 

;ed to thai ovledgc. 

:; which men have to 

t det • private life 

me distinguished hunt the 

thy by •..('cut oi position is 

ton, and 

our 

and persist in remaining in 

»g after we have decided 

s no business to exist. Is 

arc envious of everything 

and wish to dim its glory 



by putting it to the same test as our 
own dull being? Is it through a 

id desire to analyse thai wi 
against our vi 

that, havii ,luc- 

cd it to Minolta elements which v 
r.itrly are potteries to charm, we 

may ,1c ? Or is it 

through that loftier feeling that urges 
us to ally ourselves ithy 

I .til that is noble and ex 
m human nature ? Do we long to 
I a fellou ; in- 

tellect throu ; 

which intellect and medtocri 
alike? It is unfortunately as > 

ugh the baser as thro 
nobler feeling; and y«, when we 

• sifted tii 

I elements, we cannot say that 
wc have personally rid 01 

the foible or learned the lesson ol 
lofty incuriou • !i by im] 

cation we have taught. 

The daily life and priv. 
struggles and successes, the d 
joys, sorrows, and losses of gi 
men hate a deeper meaning than 
shows on the 

■ they in ; -.iie work-. 

■igs throu 
have 

• how ind ' '■!' out.-. 

sices is their greatness. In 
this sense, they present en 
ment to many in whom the same 
Y.ics arc latent, but who from 
It other.. 

have i 

e l theii powers. Thej I 

another lesson; fbi i we sec 

an the mil 

and 

tual ttaioing is, so n 

is hi 

what moral « the 

interest in tin 

rcmahi to the end of time. 

as they arc, too, they somehow li\ 



the personality of a man of genius 
better in the mind of .lian 

his greatest 

deeds; as, for instance, Kin- 
better remembered as the disguised 
i-ig the cakes of his 
peasant 1 l*W- 

eroic chieftain of the 
see Charlie's romantic 
escapes have endcarc; the 

Scottish heart and m 

re of the lat« traditions of a 
mtic people, while no such halo 
gathers round the person of 
First or Second Charles of England. 
:.gh the " Martyr Kinj.-. " has 
il death a separate 
■ alhalla of history. 
In all ages and all climes, learn- 
ing and wealth have seldom gone 
together 

whose di eon- 

ieir aspirations abound 

in the records of all centres of learn- 

wnun, in his lectures 

on universities, has giren us n 

; as well as ludicrous exam- 

of this truth. Among the d 

of Pythagoras, if we recollect 

i lately, was one Clcanthcs, a 

pro: boxer from Corinth, 

who, smitten with a love of wisdom, 

came to Athens to become a pb 

As he had not even the 
trifling daily sum required by the 

feasor of learning, he spent I 
of each day in earning it by can 
vtalcr tl Mich likt 

to the citizens, while the remaii 
hours he passed at the acadt 
One day, the wind blew his upper 
garment open, and his luckier com- 

■ 
jicrcd him when they saw tha: 
outer covering was all that he had. 
He a Iter wards rose to great profi- 
ciency, and taught a school of his 
own — never, however, discarding 
simple n;;' I • v, i.-Unwn story 

of the three students who had but 



i-etween them and wore it 
each in hu tut i lectorr-faiS 

while the others stayed 
tolrl ol 

Irish, . in the 

lie ages. 
of S. Thcmas abi 

cnthuv iiolars. S. Thcsa 

himse ': i Stm- 

ma (not the great wort - 

vious : -nstie bsckj 

on such stray pieces of parchmtm, 

old letters, torn covers, 

could pick up or beg from 

low-students. S. Richard 

terbury, when teaching in hi 

at Oxford, was so careless of hi 

kewrarium that he general;* 

- windov. 
need i 

son. The same sa- yoaA 

was sometimes so frozen to tl 
that he could i. 
dies and »j 
court of the school 
every night t 
fi>re he w< 

students suffered hunger 
cold in the service of phiksoplf 
for they often bad no other t 
to beg the broken tri 
of the ! 
one of them a\ 

friends made c. an Sanaa) 

fc-.st— "a penn;. 

tweei 

In P .rise «ras 

The l.r 
each of the great rcligio u 

and the young rcligioi 

community. Amoi. j 

was duTeren! ; they were q 

on the 

honest as well as 

terribly hard ! 

is. and lay on 
lords extorted from them ex 



Scholars en Dishabille. 



S47 



their share of the filthy 
1 they often had to tic- 
charity for their food, lo- 
ss poverty always is, 
medic* to these har. 
f learning, even as it ba 
ceding ages. Tlie poorer 
00k to copying books and 

:it starvation pri 

far others when they could 

rons, for themselves when 

forced to do so. Thus 

bookstalls and private 

the sale of books, parch- 

x, u In the daik 

inter, the want of light was 

elt by those who were too 

buy oil, and 1 ring 

ght be seen huddled En 

grouped on comers, or 

ihrinc, any- 

fact, where a lamp could 

all intent mi li. : 

lecture, or busily exam- 
subject of to-morrow's les- 
esidc them was ever the 
orld of students — the [ 
1 trekss: those win 
lit's revel what would have 
archtucnl and oil fot six 

or the thrifty, hard-working 
MSS. Ba! what martyr- 
as undergone for know- 
ske in those days of ear 
er scieni:: 

less of the details ol 
I than we do of the daily 
:r generations, we can 
>• appreciate the 
endured by these 
Qwledge-eeeken. 

. chivalrous land of 
wc find, in the same 
s that of S. Thomas and 
rf Pai I ah 1 1 1: ■-. the 
1 minstrels, the bin 
;ers- Kroeger, in bis ••• »rk 
and their novel at 
tigers lei it strange 

antic At a time wl 



: had as yet bardy come into 
existence in Germany, and the cas- 
tles of the lords were the chief ga- 
thering-places of the vast floating 
population of the Crusading tin 
these Minnesingers, with little or tu 

i 
harp and sonic bit of love-ribbon 
or the like from their sweethi 
wandered from village to village. 
and castle to castle, everywhere 
welcomed with gli id receiv- 

ing their expected reran 
with the proud unconcern of stroll- 
ing vagabonds. . . . For these 

tog knights felt no more delicacy 
in chronicling the good things they 
received from their pan in 

immortalizing the n 
who let them depart without gifit 0/ 
f<x.\l, and mv.v,. r . . . 
The young knight was In- custom 
compelled to saunter forth in 
world, and generally 1> , to 

keep on sauntcrir. 

is lifetime. Then he perfe* 

in the art of coi 

songs and playing some 

instrument, 1 both a 

source of infinite ( ] an 

Uing source of revenue if the 
With hia art, he 

. bis boar (up- 

nished him wl .horses, tod 

equipments. Mote than all 
won bun ti lady." 

iier von dcr Vogclwcide — 
ire or meadow*— 
one of tri ider- 

ing troubadout*. and. sa he himself 
tells us, was very poor. 

I to better his fortunes by 
the knightly: r one of 

id one, the Duki 
whose meanness has comedown to 
posterity, through the I ure 

r, in havii 
a proii D| of new dothes " 

from the poet. 



8 4 8 



holars en Dishabilli. 



W":ii : lock seems lo have 

bee ; ointment a- tutor to the 

son of the Emperor Frederic II. 
"Ill is led to his being given a small 
c with fix at he had 

■ lugh in gay though 
ho;; before fortune sin- 

D out (or her favors, 
usual, his mind was far beyond the 
standard of his 

tliii >ophcr, observer of hu- 

man nature, an active member of 
state when be pS ! in 

|n': ri, a coiJK-.ientinus pa- 

•. and a true Catholic. Inpol 
he never refused to recogni/e ■ 
ever ,e opposite party held, 

nor to <Ienoiincc any injustice r 
part of hi* own; in religion, he 
always alive to the abuses o: 
despite his devout faith and earliest 
worship. Kroegcr says of him 
though b-.it " little tainted by the 
prejudice* of nati in his 

thorough eaiuestDMS and rare purity 
even more truly a repn 
an than cither Goethe 
1 i- i.ui.-r MIlhDIB, poets, 
artists, there ore ampler toon 
left to teach us the inn rker 

lil'c- of til •••' ll • ■ ' 

I 
who la. ill free-born men, 

descent, had a tight to 
il and elegant 
and who this theoi 

then practice of having slaves to do 
that work which did not comport 
with the ctlm attitude of min 

, to philoa • use 

ol l iiunianly 

speaking. It remained foi Christian- 

ny to do something more sublime yet 
a to devote n to 

rved 

it's la* to change e vi 
nits and vulgar nee* 

ploy men i 

The soul .came a 

loftier aim than the cuUVuVvHiot \.\\t 



mind alone, and every jorTi 

ever lowly, was made c 

ministi 

was the stigma which the 

world had set 

pendencc removed, bul 

poverty was to remain for c . 

Icath out 
away, not the (act 
sting, its •. r.omisy, 

so by his life he took all b 
from that inevitable co. 
majority of mankind— | 
and suffering. 

How far this cent 
the spirit of the world in all 
I in count: 

led, on it i 
one can ju 

vc a persoi 
by which they can judge or" it. 0« 
cannot re. r.y persosef 

merit in any branch of Ic 
out this pathti 
cropping out Here we ha-. 
Jer, thi 

nit anxieties, tell:: 
livel 
trolc-gy, as the 
my, ought to ki 

s to iiiad\ 
there is a situ 
at Tubingi 

: il let me kn 
prices of bread 
necessaries oi 

live on beam 
had to accept all sorts of j 
made almai 
who would 
melancholj 

much ol 
hack-work at a period when I 
of authors was so miserable tin 
hardly exist by the : 

-:n!!io| 
a pajje. Even G 
vwve. was quite indi 






Scholars tn Dcshabilii. 



843 



hts income by his talent ; 
k, the publisher, of- 
itinds sterling for a 
the old poet 
■ If Europe praised me, 
Europe done fu- 
Evcn my w 
- to me." 
no li/c has ever been so 
struggi. it' Oliver 

En irery child- 

as used to si for 

ultics caused him to go 
rsity, not as a pen- 
be bmd hoped), but as a 
e had to swe< 

oilier me- 
' the same sort. It was a 
to pay for leaning, but 
no sweeter iu its 
nces. Before he 
his father died, and he 
on Ins own retoto 
ten had to | 
at las? took to writing 
which he disposed of 
ilings per copy. Twice 

rica, and failed ; his 

to Anglican orders were 

y his failure to pass his 

a, and his venture as a 

equally unsuccessful. His 

us, i , Mr. Conta- 

him t« Edinburgh to bc- 

ysician, and this was the 

regular professions 

We find him wandering 

singing and play- 

: at the I I the 

order to obtain a sup- 

Mghft lodging; then at- 

tuies at the Uui- 

and Louvain; 

1 the open discussions on 

subjects held on certain 

I convents and colleges of 

tog t'> Esgl 
ling in his pocket; then 

it to reach 1. 
rou xvii.— 54 



from Dover, begging, performing, or 
1 •living on the road. He « 

ig the London apo: 
" and •deed them to let him spread 
plasters for them, pound in their 
mortars, or run with their medicines.'' 
It was through a pour journeyman 
■ r, a patient of his, that he first 
1 the notice of a great pub- 
lisher; but bis doubles were only 
increased by his literary ventures. 
Now he is in a garret, a milk- 

woman knocking at the door, press- 
ing bio for a trifling milk-score, 
17 to pay ; now he 
repeatedly loses 1!:'' 1 bancs of good 
situations, because he has not a de- 
cent suit of domes to his back. 
Once a publisher provided ; 
cloth ranee, for four reviews 

for bis 

smith has finished his work, bis land 
lord is dragged away b; to 

pass his Christmas in ptison for debt. 

immediately runs and pawns his 

clothes, liberal. Me host, 

and rejoicing the poor bmil] 
starving himself, he gets a trilling 
loan from a friend on the four b< 
to be reviewed, when the publishes 
makes a sudden and peremptory dc- 
thc clothes and 1 

fur the same. C il [smith 
begs him, as a favor, " for fear of 

a happening to him," to put I 
in gaol. The pay he received for 
In- 1 i-clcss work in I 
slender; for his fifufar, he 

got eight :e. The 

novel which has immortalized his 
name, the Vkar cf I! was 

sold for sixty 
most unc - fashion 

Johnson, the author's fast trie 
gives the Story of the transaction 
aved one morning a 
message from poor Goldsmith 1 

distress, and, as it 
was not in his power to come to nic, 




hcwaaldbecahB; hete 

lotd me oat he had * norvd ready 
for the prea, which he p soda rad ta 
I looker) ma it. nd ar is 
told the landlady I tboaU 

H l B I U, < tVl , hfSIBg gOOe tO & 
, Kid tt far SUty JK'Himil 

I txoaght Goidoitb the moaej, ud 
he dacbarged ha too.- The fa- 
moos novel, ao hatlwy disposed of to 
iu»e of aetna] Himuaa sod no- 
pnsonaest, was thought » fittie of 
by ks new owner that, it was eigh- 
teen months before be pobbsbed u. 
->B{h ha fame pew with yean, 
Coldaaith remained m distress; for 
he never could keep what he earn- 
ed. Icdacrinanate gcuuuiity, often 
-bed on unworthy companions, 
•wallowed op ha growing but always 
iraruhory income; and the week af- 
ter a gorgeous sapper or a tailor's 
bill of extravagant items duly re- 
ceipted, we yet find him writing a 
lhal Cnglab gramntar for fivt 
founds, ami, later on, borrowing «ne 
found 'from his publisher. 

The young poet Chattcrton, impul- 
sive, d unfortunate, thecon- 
tctiiporary and friend of Goldsmith, 
was another victim to the fickleness 
of the muse. Starving and despe- 
rate, lie at Last comm: id* fa 
a miserable London garret, in a dirty 
street leading out of Holborn, a 
neighborhood not much more de- 
le than Baxter Street, New York. 
There was no one to claim his body, 
and it was finally taken to the " bone- 
house " of St. Andrew's, and buried 
in the pauper burial -ground in Shoe 

Lane, 





mr. 

We 
thcacoeateyof i 
readers that no death of 
aace has taken place, except i 

the pubiaber of this pa 
of Jtarrstioa, owing to 
ooa of ha patronage* 
he had been ao tacky, 
sense, as to have secured 
bead-coflertox of the 
Mass. ; and, in this 
lucrative situation, be fek 1 
reach of necessity. He i 
meats his ludicrous 
comments on ho 
Hawthorne," which he 
hoped from his cr 
sent forth to the world 
page of some important 
taking wing for the 
of the earth, scrawled ia 
on the covers of packing-cnet 
chests, and i 
changes twice ousted I 
position, and the second i 
definitive — a starting 
He went home one < 
nouni 
There were no provision 

•.jve a barrel of flour j 
insignificant adjuncts, 
had hardly any roc; 
no one complained. 

ic he was gv 
camc:- 



I Ji:. - .-' 

iwtiaS 



Scholars en DiskaO 



8<l 



he meanwhile. Partly by 
of the most rigid kind, 
he helping hand of friend- 
is, the Hawthorne* man- 
eep the " wolf from the 
novel was completed. 
I, the Hu- 
rrah, CXcitcd, .llli i 

wife, 

the MS. sue listened 
(he interest becomil 

jrcath came and went, her 
led gradually, and, at the 
ry, fell at 
most in convulsions, cx- 
OC God's sake, do not 
er; I cannot bear it." 
. lie sent the novel to a 
i sound judge and un- 
fa the literary world. 

nou/ through the M.S., en- 
■ its powerful woi 
imc himself with his answer, 
the author's little boy. Tu- 
be garden in front of the 
caught him up in his arms, 
: " Child ! child ! do you 
a father you have,?" and 
the house, fairly storming 
revealed genius with con- 
Thus wax the .Sal 
oduced and Hawthorne's 
After that, his success 
and literature proved » 
upport for her gifted vo- 

American genius w.i 
In Baltimore, a periodi- 
thc Saturday llii/er offer- 
or the best poem and sto- 
ma we cannot precisely rc- 
Vhen '... ' MSS. 

E'ncd, one of them proved 
Uection of ;:ocms 

■)■ written almost in "cop- 
hand. The editors look- 



«re eMcflr aalhcnd from »n 

• iiliUid ; t>ul 

lit II. !■! 

'.>t«d f;c tbt Inonltnl inlhe 
» Pa,. 



cd no further, but said, in joke, 
" Let us give the prize to the first 
of geniuses who has written legibly." 
1 be n:niie Of the young author was 
r Allan Poe. 

came just as he was," say* 
his biographer, •■ the prize-money not 
I;. v. i ig ;.<•• i.: -:i sent him, with a 
seedy coat buttoned ii]) 10 
the toud absence of linen, but with 
shoes whose gaping crevices could 
not bo made to hide the absence of 
socks." Mr. Kennedy (the editor) 
. hi u tu the tailor, and fitted him 

out as comfortably anil Completely 
as possible, after which he iras in 
stalled as an inmate of his hot 

lor a little time employed on the 
staff of the S/itu/. i 

was in 1833. The vicissitude 
fortune were perpetual, though to his 

terrible propensity to mtemperance- 

much of his constant disn 

A gentleman despite the •- 
lor of his apn a genius de- 

spite big uncontrolled vices, he was. 
one of the most unfortunate of men. 
A few years later, he writes to a friend \ 

d me fire 
I am sick, and I (his wife) is. 

almost gone." In 1839, bit prospect*. 
were for the moment not so hopeless,. 

and one who often visited hii 

to his home in Philadelphia,. 
" though slightly and cheaply 1 
nished," being yet "so tasteful and 
refined, so that it K 

cd altogether suitable for a man of 
genius." his biographer 

sjieaks of him as " always in pecuni- 
ary difficulties, and his sick wife fre- 
quently in wan; of the mere 1 
sides of li • his poem "The 

Rav icd in the /1" 

Review, and since become the ped 
tal of his world-wide fame, he rc< 
ed the sum of ten dalUn ; and in 1848, 
while writing for the Soullurn litera- 
ry ifetstngcr, he was content to work 
for two dollars ■ page. And yet, so 



182 



Sekslars em DiskmAiUL 



far as toe was concerned, Foe's 

une and talent ««r kaown beyond 
the tea, admired by two cooiiner. ts ; 
and when, npoa entering an off: 

- York, he would mention who 
he » i?, men turned round to stare 
at the gifted poet who, all tarring: 
as be was, was already enrolled 
among the great men of America. 

The philosopher, Jean Jacques 
Rousseau, bad equal occasion to pat 
his phnosop: amc universal 

test of patience. Finding a mercan- 
tile clerkship ill-adapted to his poetic 
and vagrant humor, be left Genera 
and went to Lausanne, where be tried 
muse as a profession. His experi- 
ences were curious. lie tried to 
teach musk, bat, as be says himself, 
~Tbe scholars did net trctcJ, and 
two or three German boys, luckily as 
stupid as I was ignorant of ray busi- 
ness, were ray only pupils. Under 
ray tunion they did not become great 
erpfmenota. • One day, I was sent 
for to a house to teach a litde " ser- 
pent of a girl,' to whom it gave infi- 
nite pleasure to show roe a quantity 
of musk I did not know, and then 
to play one piece for me, ' just to show 
the roaster bow it should go.' I 
knew absolutely so little of reading 
that I could not follow a note of my 
own composition in soch a manner 
as to be able to regulate its execu- 
tion, y be supposed the poor 
man did not thrive on these m 
cf livelihood; his fare was meagre 
enough, and lie paid only thirty 
francs a month for his board 
Bong le little inn where he 
made his home, lor his dinner, be 

but one dish of soup, with some- 
thing a little more substant; 
supper at night Notwithstanding 
his desire for independence 

Ion from the personal thraldom 

[atsujetttisement) of a fixed and seden- 

npatloB, he found out that 

*-odc must Jire." So he took to 



copying music a: 
anon, and so (ami 
his self-chosen tr-nie . i r » 
was nr-t : 

ie drrauxsszaacss, 
to it aga. his nana 

went r- He com 

operetta entitled /> Am 

tune- teller " — itxl had 
Lausanne. He says .- 
fo n ua ncc tos soch 

nan as could not be aarpan 
every one shot their can am 
xridc their eye- 
sabbalh, a devilish hub! 
supportable and moostroui 
turned one day, and t 
play was performed 
theatre at Versailles, the tan 
courtiers of Lotus XVI. cal 
music dream -like, divine, eta 
This sounds like an antibpd 

ty of opinion 
'-•--■ WCCn bg Warner and I 

Real artists, like .V 
hanlly more fortu: 
main of legitimate an K-»a «a 
seau in his queer attem; 

■«'ii his name 
musk cxtoOed to 
person retained as 
treasure at Vienna. 
hardly made a comtc . 
unrivalled 
Hise 

suit of continual acx . 
of personal ncccs: 

stranger came saj 
the order requiem, J 

was already ill, worn, and exfii 
The stranger's opportune ji 
fragment in advance, came a 
though it was sorely needed 
time ; and, before the order we 
pleted, the great musician was, 
death-bed, his wife Cotsuoce 
side, his friend; 
ed part of 

d, while Lis hagr 



c was km 

the, 
a p. 




to the last by the fever- 
i so soon to be quench- 

eem as though the 
r the genius, the greater the 
Hardly one i 
furnace of poverty. Curr.m, 
rat Irish lawyer and orator, was 
cd early in life, without fri 
itions, or fortune, conscious of 
above the i rowd thai 
Ddsen ,ful degree, 

nself thus tells the story of die 
By consequence which he 
:d in his profession : " I then 
upon Hog Hill, Dublin; my 
were the i 

I much the s.n 

lation with tbe nal 
J>Ir=L Curran, however, was a 
er*$ lady, and what was want- 
wealth *hc was will determin- 
ed he supplied by dignity, 
.milady, on the other hand 
a of any other gradation except 
f pounds, shillings, and ■ 
ed out one morning, in order 
iid the perpetual altercations on 

, with my mind, yoo may 
ie, in no very enviable temper- 
. I fell into gloom, to which 
my infancy I had been oc- 

tbject 1 bad a i. 
lorn 1 had no dinner, and a 
fin I had no rem. I 
no id in despondem 

me almost in desperation. 
I opened the door of my 

first object that prei 
ras an immense folio of a 
' golden guineas wrapped up 

ad the name I 
narked on the back of it. I 
my landlady, bought a good 
, gave Bob Lyons a share of 
be date of 
(•peril 

. . : Christian and 
theiic authors of France (in a 



department in which it con- 

l she does not excel — pot 
Alphonsc de Lam . both in 

the 

u of poverty. Though in 
poverty was not I 
lulely 101 »y a 

scholar a* tal ti well 

born, still it was such that hi) mother 
had to exercise the tori 
my on her snull property, to help 
her peas ota in many a k 

household task, and was in such straits 
that the failuie or success o: 
dcr vintage was to her the chief <■ 
of the year. A noble w. 
tian I she BBMr how to turn 

these troubles into lessons fbl her son ; 
and a more genial, lovable " s I 
man" than I,amartine has sei d 

icd our homage, notwithsti 
ingi. which necessarily qo 

fy our admiration. Political and 
lom:.i 

life. His poems 
were the first heralds, the joy-bells, 
of a new school \ 
talisman. But the shadow of genius 
— relentless poverty— fell upon him 
a^uin, and his last days were I 

I than a pauper's. 
The literary world Oi 

lor and talent Dram 

painters, musician fry 

of the daily press, the heavier authors 
of yellow-covered remans, ail min- 
gled in one ii 

restf, of recklessness, of gem 
ity, of self-sacrifice. Good and bail 
are strangely i 
ing WTiti 

t the swaggering play- 
wright repudiates his debts to . 

away in one Dlghl the rare 
remuneration of months of toil ; and 
amid tin i of 

this Msen 4u'p 

of misery, r . 

nal truth that the path of scho- 



8 S ! 



Scholars en Dteliabillc. 



larslrip, or even its counterfeit, is wt 
the legitimate path of success. 

In France, where the intellect is so 

fertile that i: b almost the only land 

:e literature is a profession, not 

a pastime, we may turn to one figure 

re, a sweet ami angelic one. 
different from the stormy and erratic 
geniuses among whom we have been 
wandering— Eugenie de Guerin, the 
Catholic poetess, the devoted type 
of sisterly love. She was poor, though 
not to destitution. The famiiy. once 
famous among the Langucdoc ' 
sadcrs, and owning a great feu<lal 
esta' dwindled down to the 

possession of a patrimony hardly so 
large and not half so rich as a mo- 
dern farm- The woman now known 
throughout Europe and America by 
bet exquisite jfimrmal and Ltttert — 
the starting-point of a new diss of do- 
mestic literature — tdb as simply and 
playfully enough in those writings — 
which daring we she never dreamed 
of giving to the pubbc— of her hum- 
ble avocations in her lather's house- 
hold. Now we see her, having 
cooked the sapper with her taster's 
aid while the servants were all gone 
*.a mstrocrjoo foe c onnrm a tton, 
sittrsj; by the hoge fire in the kitchen, 
because it was warm there, and 
moling a hearty meal of cnxrse soup, 
boded potatoes, and a cake baked 
by herself, ■ with the dogs and cats to 
wait upon us," as she says. She did 
not hke these househoU cares, how- 
ever; they were a cross to her, and 
her good sister-Mam* tank orach 
ofthts crow od" her bands. Another 




mg the dishes after the rtfcunrrj 
meal when the Papal 
came to oHer him the 

So she taught herself 
'•disgusting things without 
disgust ; as, for instant - 
her hands in I •.." 

time she makes a treaty note 
affection for her brother and 
conquerable longing after 
but adds that she has no ti 
now, "as there are docks 
plucked, a pic to be prepared, a Safe j 
carnival-dinner got up; in a red 
because the parish priest was 
ing, and ber help was anuoelrj 

other day she is mending old 
linen. On the other b 
reading S. Augustine. S. Je 
Teresa, Bossvct, Fen£' 
books of theology and ph3o 
mvsticista and "mv^I*. the | 
great thinkers; she was 
poems of more exquisite purity i 
wealth of imagery than the 
young brother whom S 
and George Sand declared 
the frwcmotl poets of i 
was a child in her sim; 
in her abnegation — a wota- 
thonvind. We have d 
greater emphasis as 
this last reference fcr 
the modern world, 
find c o un t enance for its 
thought and morals, has brou 
pxommeace only the less 
S|»ri i ne ns nt French genius, I 
■ rgleo of the Barn admirable 1 
who arc now for the fi 

:---. m ■ ■ Eriijliih 

we ha* . 
has its pathetic as well 
a are 
« rwpUiBJng ol " ' 
" -«' God in making . 
hem : u they lor> 
^ee would see I 



all inequalities are compensa- 

The world has lo be 
like .1 ■ heaviest mer- 

sc is not always the most pre* 
i none the leas necessary, 
lid be preposterous to expect 
1 to be rich, good, and clever ; 
• each other in Cud's 
and, since men sigh so for 
the wise Distributor of earth- 
es has answered many men 
f, and given them riches alone, 
; their brains a blank. To 
this vexed question is not, 
tr, our intention ; a : 
uch as we have drawn from 
fc, speak for themselves, 
re ever more tolerated than 
itiorts. We may learn from 
facts a new interest in books ; 
■hen we read a 
ork, that a human beir.L, 

e pages; that 




what we carelessly toss aside after a 
moment's perusal has cost hours of 
trouble, of research, probably of 

: : thai the pathos that dl 
tears from our eyes is o!u 

•d and softened down from the 

Kperieoce of the write 

the humor we approve ol an 
quancy we admire are rather 

. defiance against an adi 
fate than grown from the nati 

Of a healthy sense of fun. A 
book is often the hot-pressed fruit of 
an unhappy life rather than the pro- 
duct of elegant icisurc, and one . 
not help feeling a tender but f.ir 
from disparaging | the thou- 

sands of educated men and wot 
whose very talent, in a sense, 
them, through circumstances of 

i write in haste and anv 
books that are inadequate represen- 
tatives of that talent. 



■V PUBLICATIONS. 



Sr.Ris.'. : I. On ifcfl 
Ilatmony of the Evange- 
ia i ih Sermon on the Mount, 
i A T. Clark. 

l he Catholic Public*- 
Society.) 

r iwu volumes continue the scries 

atlon* edited so carc- 

ixi publish! I In lucfa splendid 

■in i>! Clark, at Edinburgh. 

btccatioii and pemaal of long and 

work* of the fathers, especially S. 

nave a most happy cf- 

iing the cause of the Catho- 

e notice with especial plea- 

irne on the Trinity. This Is 

In* greatest works M 3. Augustine. 

[anient Is wonderfully 

nderfully sublime and 

! . rfully rich in the exposition 

lure. It \: all i 

rlligible to a patient an, I ill 

when the peculiar difficulties of 

in My'.c have been overcome. In 



I 
ol :!' CI and phrase* arc rnado 

very plain, and one reads with 
and ! 
ness 

■ to all w)i> 
a re-:-. hd| to the n 

S. Augustine in the original, an 
thosi who desire to beesm inted 

with his doctrine, and can only do so 
through the medium of their own | 
guagc. 

A Lire or S. Wauviii.. 
Itinckarv or S '.'.' 
Rev. Thomas Mcyrick, S.J. Lo 
Burns & Oates. 1873. (New 
Sold by The Catholic Publication So- 

All who love the mcdixvnl saints, and 
particularly those of ooco Catholic Eng- 
land, will find a delicious trcit in this 
simple story. Besides the life and di 
of S. Walburgc, an account is given of 



New Publications. 



niracalcus oil i5i.it " distils frotn the 
i her relics arc enclosed in 
ber climch of Eichstadt." Cures arc 
wrought by this oii ,ppen 

to know personally of one— the Intrant 
sod ftr-.il cure of a case of S. '■ 
dance by a drop of ibe oil received on 
the patient's tongue, after a novena and 
commanion foil 
The "Job Wllllbald to the 

h forms the second 
hal: le volume, was wtlltl 

Hdaeflb 

interesting." says F. Mcyrlek, " ** coo- 
firming, by ihe testimony of an eye-wit- 
ness a ill 

traditions of sonai: 
and asa specimen <■'■ 
in the Vlllth 

Tilt: '• MOM <ir AlCCUCAK OlUKXA- 
TStMtS DlSCCSSSU. Bj 

M.A.. I 

ihedral. Birmingham. Willi an Ap. 

pvndix of Original Documents . 

Facsimiles. Load 

(New York : Sold by Tbc Catho- 
lic Publication Society.) 

A controversial work written in a calm 
and mild tone is sure to claim attention 
and wise confidence, especial 
worl i i 11 difficult ouMtlan, 

on* invoh h obscurity and un- 

certainly, ihc work 

before us. and such is lbs I i the 

question the Rev. Canon Estcourt treats 
—Anglican Ordinations. 

Tli ■ ir. truly .1 masterly work, and dv 
author exhibits throughout thai 

1 iie mark of a true scholar, 
he docs not condescend tohisantigo: 
be is fully aintC that he is at warfare, 

a warfare frt .-.imj.i nrrifiitis. lie Is 
a brave warrior, and wields a heavy wea- 
pon ; lie Studies his foe well before he 

n In: 'Hikes, he 
a vital part. 

Wo do not mean to say that he I 
finished the much-discussed question 
Anglican ordinations, or that Anglr 
will hereafter have nothing to say. '; 
will always have something to say so 
nncnt lasts. But we 
rgc number of An- 
ant who are sciious and in can: 
vho conscientiously believe they 
" J, and it is among them 
we hope to see this book produce some 
:al result, 
ptcseni wotV suns om\ \n ■toe. tar 



troduclion with a " s: .. 
tloc" It Isaboi. 
author s.i 
forth much In the way of Oewfactsor 
prin 
careful ap. 

laid down, and to show tin 
1 facts allea 

ilic consecration 

■• » the Cats* 
of h; 
and 81 

d in the iaresrs> 

ice* with ll 

in which, MS* 1 
shon 

first planted by Wickliflc. ;i 
tbc Lollards, and tha' 

instil aod in England were ill o» 
aad the Sal • 1— which Anriirn 

tried to 1 

can rite was compiled, and sho«r 
form of ordination in the L'Jwirdi«c«* 
nalwi -ilvw 

from the 
of the : 

the IXth 
imthc Xlllih 
He then treats of the 1 

given in ihc new form, as 
■ reign and the 
iows by a 

: 

difleri inair 

furnish the 

Mes 
Anglican 
milting ihcsc ordinations as wl 

IBC. 

:•! fourt! 
arc devoted to Ihc 

1. the mere matter i>' 
gard to those much-. 

is discussed. 

, while giving the AagHcJ 
full t" unienl 

proofs of (his p«H 

mist, shows thai his consecration at 
cannot I 

The author very Justly coocludi 
specting Bailow that while we 
come 1 1 

so many circnrnsti 
wji *wn\ different qu:i . 



imo way, il It impossible to admit 
ci of his consecration without mora 

proof of il " (p. Si). 
ker'- neat taken op. Of 

e, the am -Is the Nag* 

story ; and w>ih regard lo the 

fact r'a consecration hav- 

akcn place, he acknowledges) it 

te a :ic shown that 

a i in, from the crave 

;• whether Barlow was ever conic- 
I, and Ihc manner In which ordioa- 
of Ike Book of Common Prayer of 
were treated, was utterly worthless, 
cr giving " 1C testimony of content- 
y Catholics In the rruttcrof Parker's 
iCraiiou, be says: " But taking them 
getbt:. k ii ill ■ : be granted that they 
I the fact of the consecration having 

place as alleged, but it is alao 
that they imply sonic serious difli- 
rcspccting it. and apparently touch- 
ic persons acting therein ; and, fur- 
that this difficulty extended so far as 
nercly to render tho consecration 
lonical. unlawful, and irregular, but 
oati< (p. 126k 

sn having shown the practice of Ove- 
rt with those who returned lo the 
aitli, be gives a list of the Anglican 
iters who became reconciled to the 
jIn: Church down to the year 1704, 
in* answers by facts the claim set up 
F. Lee, founded on the alleged rcfu- 
f twelve converts to be rcordaincd 
uk they claimed to be true ptii ■• 
XI follows a short review of the con- 
rsy as carried on so far by both An- 
as and Caiholii 

cs what u-e consider a» ically the 
imputtant part of the ton'- 
»f the work deals entirely with the 
'f/of Anglican on 
it gci 1! the work we look 

at instituting a new era in the con- 
tsy. Heretofore, writers b 
themselves principally with trying 
iptove the facts with regard to the 
lean consecrations, and have done 
little to prove the invalidity ol 
reunions, even uk place. 

n Estcourt has ■ "this very 

ughl v. and made u dear, 
1 commences by on examination of 
lOfl ancient forms of ordination 
tig down through the various riles, 
^ the teaching of the fathers. 
• what the matter and form of ordi- 
probably ( 
bllshed this, be ,; 1 icticc 



ol" the church in her official decisions in 
nportant CM 

Tho author has devoted a chapter M 
the refutation of the story of Pius IV 
Queen Elizabeth, which Is the Ani.-I 

ilead, and which we so|>| 
least well to have repeated, as there - 
bo some on whom this worn-out fable 
would still hare an influence. 

In the concluding chapters, the I 
ment is summed up, and ■ the Inevitable 
conclusion follows that Anglican ordi- 
nations must he considered as a 
invalid, and that there is neither bishop, 
priest, nor deacon In the Anglican • • 
mumon. And the reasons Eoi (Ml con- 
clusion may be slated in a summary 
as foil' 

' 1. BoM lafW from the year 1 

the unvarying practice of | 

lit 1 lunch so lo consider and t) 

"J. Because there are grave doubt! 
whether Batlow, the consecrator of Par- 
ker,! i received • 
consecration ; and, in fact, the probabili- 
tics of the c- more strongly 
i than in i.iuii ol ||, 
B forma of 
ordination have be) D from the 
ancient forms, both by way of lnutil.i: 
and addition, In such a manner as 10 ex- 
clude. 00 the part of tho- iilng 

In 1:1 

ruj or receiving a sacrament, or sac- 
lame n Ml graCo, 01 . •; .ritual character, 

" i il.- . have been 

'v. with the view of 

I his 

offer sac- 

■ 

' Because Anglican bishops and 
priests, at the : - d in a 

profi faith 

in the hoi assuming 011 

themselves, by tnetl 

and erroneous intentions 11 U the 

were made. 
••(. :he meaning here attri- 

Anglican tormi 

Me fact ol 
doubtful whei 

Am; II of ordli. lot a 

priest in the sense of the Catholic 
Cbui 1 tn i n, ' a n 

firing prii 

" 7. Because the meaning of the same 

' Or- 
der of Administration of 1 1 
ion' in the Book of Common r. 



858 



New Publications. 






which is : -y to the 

Catholic faith in the dextrine* ol ihr 
holy sacriScc I I the 

Real I T3"4>- 

Let us |i . last ■Old) 

those who are serious and in I 
meditate u ; 

" What, then. Anglicans have to con- 
sider, the questions (buy tare '« 
themselves, are the»c: What do 
really believe aboi;'. - ol boly 

orders, and even about th« grace of 
the sacraments in general? 
What are the conditions on which that 
grace is ordinarily given I im to 

look whether those conditions »r< 
filled within the Anglican o 
If they irould Ml •■ in the Stgl I 

God. these points, we n 

hope to attain to truth, which is before 
. and after truth to fee peace 
following in tier train, and BttiO&j MX 
based on vague tarn • and ious 

ai in "one bod] 
apitti o hop* of our voca- 

. on Lord . 
<P- 379)- 

i Con >tn optmb 

KAKLir.g n UlSTOKV. 

CMC "I Not| nd Domestic 

Chapl tin :■' ihc I .hi ol GainsI oroufh. 

Vol L l-mulon : Rurri:. 

Sold by lli< ' 

lie Publli 

.lurnc of a 
v.ork. we ibaJl .'. mi foi the 
whole C.i lir i ornplt-i tnl : ng a 

Icnj-i : We will only say at 

present thai iln- solidity of u 
which, the »ork displays, together . 
it* entertaining style, make it a long- 

ll I to the study of the II 
lures on the part of our educated laily. 

been most struck with 
in th* present s iilunre Is the simple yet 
masterly proof ol a visible church — i.e. 
a teaching auihority — hat cx- 

I from the time of Adam ; as also of 
die i ice and ritual foi the 

worship of God. 

Tin: PEOrrarOf CiiMEI- By the Rev. 
Chas. Garsidc. London : Bums & 
Oates. 1873. (New York : Sold by 
The Catholic Publication Society.) 
This is a peculiar work, hardly classifi- 
able under any convent! ,. 11 re- 
ligious literature. It has the charm of 



Md 



■ I and elegant ■ irdto 

weigh lation of 

MM. It is a history of the jucpsr. 

fact* of his life as :< the Oil 

Testament, and drawing from them am 
logics wonderfully suited to our cm 

is not one of the lean perfections cf lad 
incomparable B" 'y Scnpeam. 

that it shoo . i th such marrtata* 

truth to any til circsa- 

stance; thai it should offer an 
count .i.Jrrtd 

a warning to every ii 
own obscure orbil of to-day as it «l«ld 
sands of years ag 
in unwonted trials. It id 1. 
political history of or., 
history of the human soul at 1 
and in all places. Tau isortos 

drawn from 

Ellas — who i.uiaea- 

lossal saint, utterly ■ 'rn air 

appreciation th;,' 1 go be- 

yond admiration — parallels bctweea at- 
man duties and I: -.urdo 

the reign of Actab, and the same duties 
and weaknesses under t» tt OW 

day. The; t-ooktf 

the alluring Style of F. Fiber's r<!#*"» 
works, but without 1 
speech of which no one was a safe 
but that prose-pin 

Tut Valiant 

drlot. Translated It reach I) 

, of discourses, 
xl to women on the 

i,f Lai 
•. now Archbishop of Kheina,i 
Liable work, and COi il 
■ woman 1 
., and [each. Their 
much of the same le 
this subject, and all that Is . 
be sown broadcast over Chrittcnd 
the best translations. That before 
notice seems a very terse one. 
it slavish. Indeed, a tr; 
often lias it in his power to mar 
effect of a most important work bydn 
nit: 11 111 such unmistakably foreign) 
eplableiot! 
nind of this 01 th 1 
Landriot's 

to French women and 
couched in such broad terms, and I 



New Publications. 



by so comprehensive a spirit, dial I 
aic equally applicable to women of all 
nations, whether in populous cities or re- 

: ivns. The conditloi 
all classes ate also so delicately brought 
within the circle of his consideration 
even . obscure women may 

in them as effectual guidance as the wife 
of a cabinet minister or of a financial 
magnate. Trw done can 

:ie cosmopolitanism, and that 
without violating patriotism. The spirit 
of petty localism, or, in fact, of any nar- 
row-mindedness on any subject, is for- 
I to the wise prelate's mind, and no- 
where defaces his •• 

, he knows bow to make skilful 

surroundings, and take illus- 

i sly before 

il his Immediate hearers. In the 

discourse he expounds the text of 

like the merchant's 

igelh her bread from afar" 

and speaking as the bishop of 

aport town to a community whose 

csts were probably in many cases 

|h the sea, he draws the 

.-.inal comparisons betwet 

l id a perfect ship. Masts. 
-.ing, cargo, ballast, compass, 
. n <!nng is forgotten, and 
letall tallies with some s[ 
attribute •''■ the life of • h.ily ml 'valiant " 
nan. In another place he compares 
nan to a bridge, the support and 

oil. and makes the bold simile 
■y his wel'. chosen remarks 
"ibe united flexibility and strength re- 
in woman's character. 1 |i 
t a point of domestic life which he docs 
: touch upon fearlessly, not •dill 

it out minutely. Sins of 

, of vanity, of imprudent speech, of 

juc su - are all unmasked ; 

ralalu ea woman and these 

come in contact with ht 

tat, or friend are all accu- 

dy sketched : bet pursuits are rcgu- 

1, but with no Intolerant hand ; her 

i out, but with no niggardly 

[ commended as healthful for the body, 
I leading to peace of mind and 

tersely expressed, are seai- 
:■ and there; as, for Inst.i 

amity i ; put the i 

r, and you hare away 

I quantiti , or exceed it, and you lure 
e.~ Then whole work a 



tone of moderation snijiilsrlyadajned] I* 
the needs of the day, a shr . rno- 

aggeratioo in any form, and a hesitancy 
ndemnlng anything the excess of 
which only can be styled a sin. The lec- 
turer leans for these moderate views on 
the writings of S. Francis of Sales, 
rare director of virtuous wnmen In the 
world. One very I 
which we do not remember e*< 
met befo. I the 

. ue magnetism ' by Provi- 

dence, and which turn <.■«! 

draught of human woe into a delicious 
nectar for those who | »od. while 

" the cup of earthly hapj J to 

ps of the n »nol I of fortnne 

. . . baa Infused therein a poison to 
disturb and agitate the Inmost depth* of 

The picture of the v. ram of 

the Proverbs is ihu< 
eyes of women of the XlXth century, sot 
as something magulncrttiJy imsiltaU'c, 
• i rsonatcd by a Juiilih, a Jaal, nr an 
-r.but as a perfectly attainable state. 
as exemplified by S. Monica. S. Paula. & 
ElUabcthof Hungary. N. 
the learned, nor the comm . 

I in 
drfot woman will find a rae«l(t 
and frsd champion than h 

prophetcMe»of " woman - 

I 
I be so tare among 
u«- 
rcvolutior.i 






lly the Rcr. Than. Porter. raMM 
Ick Donah 

This 

■h ceatarr. and l» end 
together from various records of known 

I 

;ioet r-rrsr 

ycatt before un. 
il I 1 itu« Oatcs. la 
and o annca*. fortes » M-ntraai «" !».r 
wore open though r. >rt in. 

.- laddenu 
of the • i - Can*. otitic lasaginarr. 

tin meh fashioned In xcardasx 
prohafi t> know* lacstlrnrs of 

I and agreeable, and i 

■a caaran 
toldirt and royalM, ! 









86o 



Publications. 



The details of the martyrdom of the 
:\y Archbishop of Armagh. Oliver 
Piunkct, are beautifully wov«a in with 
the lease* but hardly less touching sor. 
rows of the young Rupert, the hero of the 
tile. The end I* bright and hopeful, un- 
like many of those solemn tragedi. 
dij s of old. hut just such as is fitted to 
encourage the minds of our day. There 
is in the beginning of the book a very 
plea- ripttoa of an old English 

.and a hint to trav- 
ellers who. In frantic pursuit of distant 
pleasure, ore whirled post such sylvan 
ren. to fashionable places 

of "njejoaa." 

A Trkatifs on tux pAtTin-UR Exa- 
■ icasKK, aocov; 

TJt: By F. 

U !:,:.,, S |. V. 

tk.CC MM Potlr-. S 1 I 

.? Oatcs. 1871. (New 

iblieatioci 

Sod! 

It would he almost equal lo (he at- 
tempt "to gild refined gold" 10 *j» ;ik 
appi • k gotten up u: 

the-: 'job the sources 

TV.' recorded 

a practical eminence as falbcr-confvssors : 
and one who i I : itmil 

Eitnitei of S. itrry 

*f lit &. of F. dc la I'alma 

ijbl (bat ho is, indeed, among 
the master* c'. lual life while 

listen : rd in the 

presi n 

mm in En 
Lamp. By < ■■ E. McGee. 

New '. McGm. 

The balflustoiic, half conversational 
style in which these sketches nre written 
make* good display of the author's un- 
douh i ; and this. too. in spite 

mum. With the excep- 
tion of ibc- ie mention made of 
the share wliiih Irish gentlemen took in 
the]! ii C book i t cx . 
ceilent reading. The subject is one In- 
vested with a **d charm for all who, bjr 
blood, or religion, or love of . 
«ym. th a cruelly oppi 
warlike and adventurou- The 
author gives us only a small fragment of 
IkiMOtjp of itj — 
'■ some flowers." ns the ,iys, 
" culled from the Immortal garlands 1 



which modem history has 
the brow of 1 
to produce a 

Irishmen have done honor to 1 
race, and given generous and valuable 
service 10 ,ry enterp 

nearly cvt VVY ! 

that as good a pen and as appr-. 
lay (tire aeon 

tory of the Irishmen who rigurc. 

cuously In out Imc war. 1 

deed, dedicate* his hook to the 
n" whofc 

into 

to some few of them, while turning on* 

to the future historian the task ol 1 

them all full jus: 

By Most Hon. . 

;>e, Superior Genera) ol to: 
iristiin School 

ii.dta^La^Lafl 
•;. 187 a. 

.1 volume bear* 
irniatur of His Grace 1 
of Baltimore. And the other 
:ir-Gencral of I* 
: of Versailles, says 
write! is crucially assured that the 1 
"will prove a new and most pa. 
I' 1:11 lain from which pious 
abundantly supplied with the 
waters of devotion to tbe Mother of ( 
From what tre have had time to sre« 
the book, we also are convinced that h « 
a most solid and valuable additloa tot 
rianuals of a devotion which 1 
never be exhausted, but, on thi 

-lined to increase till He who I 
came into the world by Mar. 
some sense come again by her. 

therefore welcome this 
very gratefully, and ntcommec-.I 
Catholic readers. 

: ukxts.— The Catholic !***• 
lication Society has in press, iad «" 
publ ish this fall. The Lift*/ 
M. y. %*Uing. D.D.. Archbts 
Baltimore, by Rev. J. L. S, 
It will make a large Svorolun 
500 pages, and wtll be bi 
good 11 

DMtriut 0/ S. < C/xmi,- J* 

lllurtrated Calk Almamtc f* 

.iad Cvtl 7 
the Ataunat fo: 

ing a hands: .ncscnu 

volume. 




/"■ 



1 



on mcit re 

FOR tiSE IN LIBRARY BUILDIN 



Stanford University Library 

Stanford, California 



. 



In order thai others may use this 
please return it as soon as possible, 
not later than the date due.